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Drying
Seaweed Market
Production &
Expansion Chipping &
(Family-Based) Storage Processing
(Food & Pet Grade)
Spesifikasi:
- Power : 300 watt
- Kapasitas : 100 – 200 kg/jam
- Hasil rajangan : customized
1 mm, 2 mm, 3 mm, 4 mm, 5 mm
Teknologi Tepat Guna
Pembuatan Unit Pemeras
Sari Kedelai Tahu
Teknologi Tepat Guna
Pembuatan Unit Pengolah
Media Tanam Jamur Tiram
Persiapan
bahan baku
Fermentasi Pengukusan
Pendinginan
1. Pengawetan
bertujuan meningkatkan daya simpan, sehingga dapat
meningkatkan nilai tambah produk pada saat terjadi
kelangkaan pasokan atau mengurangi laju penurunan nilai
produk akibat kerusakan/kebusukan
2. Pemisahan
bertujuan memperoleh nilai tambah produk melalui
pengambilan komponen dalam bahan pertanian yang
memiliki nilai ekonomi tinggi
(Brown 1994)
• Pengeringan cabe, ikan, dan daging
• Pembekuan ikan dan karkas
• Pelapisan dengan lilin (wax) buah-buahan
• Perendaman dalam larutan asam (pickle) atau garam
• Penyimpanan dengan pendinginan (cooler) atau
kondisi atmosfir terkendali (CAS) pada produk
hortikultura.
• Pemerasan dan penyaringan untuk produksi sari buah dan
minyak masak
• Pemisahan dengan pelarut untuk produksi oleoresin
• Destilasi senyawa mudah menguap (volatile), misalnya
produksi minyak atsiri
• Penghancuran, pelarutan dan pengendapan/sentrifugasi
dalam produksi tapioka.
Teknologi diterapkan untuk menghasilkan produk dengan
spesifikasi tertentu, misalnya:
• Tingkat kemurnian (minyak goreng jernih)
• Keseragaman (ukuran dan tingkat kematangan buah)
• Kandungan gizi (telor omega-3)
• Rendah kalori (sugar free-soft drink)
• Memberikan kenyamanan konsumennya (makanan siap saji,
set bumbu dan sayuran siap masak)
Teknologi Agroindustri
(Brown 1994)
Drying
Seaweed Market
Production &
Expansion Chipping &
(Family-Based) Storage Processing
(Food & Pet Grade)
Technical options:
• Unloading, Weighing, Grading, Storage
Raw Material Conditioning
• Mechanical preparation
• Temperature adjustment
• Moisture adjustment
• Addition or removal of agents
Core Processes
• Separation (location, texture, size or shape,
density, state, color, solubility)
• Concentration (the application of heat,
pressure, or combination)
• Mixing (enable to liquid form)
• Stabilization (drying with heat or pressure,
cooling, freezing, freeze-drying, heat
sterilization, irradiation)
Packaging
The factors of concern in evaluating the materials and
technologies available:
• The cost of packing material in relation to total product cost
• Price trends among alternative materials
• Availability
• Ease of use
• Recycling
• The capacity of packaging equipment
• The precision of packaging equipment
• Damage rate on throughput
Storage and Shipping Operations
Designing storage and shipping facilities:
• How to maintain product stability
Protect product from moisture
Protect product from insect, rodent, and bird
damage and pilferage
• What storage capacity is required
Depend on the difference between the
production cycle and the marketing cycle
Tugas #2
• Sebutkan jenis-jenis teknologi atau alat yang
digunakan pada masing-masing tahapan produksi
pada industri yang direncanakan
• Jenis-jenis teknologi dirinci berdasarkan:
Raw material receiving and storage
Raw material conditioning
Core processes
Packaging
Storage and shipping operations
Selection of Processing Technology
• Qualitative requirements
• Process requirements
• Use of capacity
• Management capability
(Austin 1981)
Qualitative Requirements
• The processing technology to be selected for the agroindustry should be
tailored to meet the market's requirements for product quality
• Because consumers' preferences for quality vary, there is a range of
technological options that will yield varying levels of desired quality in the
agroindustrial end products.
• The firm can avoid unnecessary investments and maximize revenue by
modulating its processing technology to the requirements of its selected
market segments.
Processing Requirements
The constraints of process requirements to select the technology that
will minimize costs or scarcity of resources
• Labor versus capital
appropriate technology, labor is viewed as abundant and capital as
scarce; therefore, labor- rather than capital-intensive technology
should be used, low opportunity costs?
• Energy
the agroindustrial firm should assess the supply and price of
alternative fuels and the energy usage of various technologies
• Raw material
technology which makes most efficient use of the raw material
Use of Capacity
• One of the common problems facing agroindustries is the
under-use of capacity because of the seasonality of raw
material availability and market demand for the product
• Capacity used for agroindustry depend on availability and
continuity of raw material and market demand for the
product
• The kind of technology selected can reduce idle time caused
by seasonal factors.
• Adjusting the technology to handle a broader range of
products
Management Capability
• The fit of the technology with the enterprise's managerial
resources is another criterion for technology selection
• Managerial talent is often scarce in developing countries,
particularly at the supervisory level.
• Skilled technicians are also scarce, and so the maintenance
and repair requirements of equipment must be carefully
assessed.
• Highly sophisticated agroindustrial equipment has often
ended up idle because of a plant's deficient maintenance
capacity.
Selecting Technology
• Selecting technology involve alternatives of
technology that will be chosen and criterions that
will be used to judge for choosing the alternatives
• Selection of technology related to decision making
process
• The method of decision making for selecting
technology can use some kind of tools, i.e. Bayes,
MPE, AHP, ME-MCDM, etc.
Thanks
… for your attention …