" S H P "

Functions of Thyroids Myxoedema (Hypofunction in Adults) Hyper-Thyroidism

1- General: BMR, Heat production and O2 consumption. 1- BMR down to 40% weight despite of loss of 1- BMR up to 100% :
2- CHO: Blood glucose level by : appetite. - weight loss despite of good appetite
- absorption - Gluconeogenesis 2- The patient is cold intolerant (Due to heat production). - excessive sweating
3- Ptn: - Normal level of hormone has anabolic effect. 3- Blood glucose level. - patient is hot weather intolerant
- Excess level of hormone has catabolic effect. 4- Serum cholesterol level atherosclerosis. 2- Blood glucose level.
4- Lipids: - blood F.A level by mobilization of lipids from fat tissues. 5- Vit. A deficiency: 3- Serum cholesterol level.
- cholesterol & Ph.Lipids by LDL receptors in liver. - by absorption & conversion of Carotene into Vit A. 4- Ptn catabolism wasting of muscle.
5- Vitamins: absorption & conversion of Carotine into Vit A.
6- Water & Minerals: excretion of water, Ca+2 & PO4.
1- number & affinity of β receptors to catecholamines so they: 1- Tachycardia by potentiation of adrenergic effects.
- Heart Rate(H.R)
2- blood flow due to V.D secondary to
- Cardiac Output (C.O.P)
tissue metabolism.
Decrease all properties of 2- S.B.P & D.B.P Pulse Pressure.
3- V.R , marked C.O.P & H.R:
3- A.B.P:
- S.B.P due to C.O.P
cardiac muscle : (This cardiac work which may Heart Failure)
- D.B.P due to Vasodilatation (V.D).
- Pulse Pressure - H.R - C.O.P
1- Mental sluggishness & fatigue. 1- Mental excitability.
Essential for Normal Development 2- Depressed reflexes.
3- Somnolence with Sleeping for long periods.
2- Reflexes are exaggerated.
3- Insomnia & inability to sleep.
of Nervous System. 4- Fine tremors of Hands.

1- Appetite & food intake. 1- Loss of appetite. 1- Appetite.

2- G.I.T juice secretion. 2- GIT secretion & movement Constipation. 2- GIT secretion & movement Diarrhea & loose stool.
3- Motility of G.I.T

Slight of blood volume due to : Microcytic Hypochromic anemia due to metabolism

- V.D in the Bone Marrow.
- Stimulation of erythropoiesis

1- Dry skin & hair is course or it may be depressed,

2- Myxoedema is developed due to deposition of
Mucoproteins in the in the interstitial fluid
Non-pitting Oedema. Warm & flushy skin due to cutaneous V.D
(N.B: this the only "non-pitting" extracellular Oedema)
3- Puffiness of face & eyes.
4- Loss of outer 1/3 of eyebrows.

Hypofunction of Gonads & depressed sexual functions: Disturbances of reproductive functions:

- Menses is irregular & spermatogenesis is inhibited. - Oligomenorrhea , amenorrhea & infertility.

Growth: - Thyroxin is essential for growth - Potentiates effects of Growth Hormone. Eye Changes:
- Exophthalmos (forward protrusion of eye) , caused by:
Respiration: a - Intraorbital contents by deposition of fats & retro-orbital
Thyroxin rate and depth of respiration due to tissue metabolism. oedema.
(N.B: metabolism CO2 Production rate of respiration) b- Weakness of extraoccular muscles due to degenerative
effects.

 of in book pages 33 & 35 .