Unit 4: States of Consciousness; Ch.

7 170-311; (2-4%)
Understanding consciousness and what it encompasses is critical to an appreciation of what is
meant by a given state of consciousness. The study of variations in consciousness includes an
examination of the sleep cycle, dreams, hypnosis, circadian rhythms, and the effects of
psychoactive drugs.

AP students in psychology should be able to do the following:

• Describe various states of consciousness and their impact on behavior.
• Discuss aspects of sleep and dreaming:
— stages and characteristics of the sleep cycle;
— theories of sleep and dreaming;
— symptoms and treatments of sleep disorders .
• Describe historic and contemporary uses of hypnosis (e.g., pain control, psychotherapy).
• Explain hypnotic phenomena (e.g. suggestibility, dissociation).
• Identify the major psychoactive drug categories (e.g., depressants, stimulants) and classify
specific drugs, including their psychological and physiological effects.
• Discuss drug dependence, addiction, tolerance, and withdrawal.
• Identify the major figures in consciousness research (e.g., William James, Sigmund Freud,
Ernest Hilgard).

Unit Flipped PPTs/Vocabulary List:

1. 4.I Consciousness and Information Processing pgs. 271-273
a. Consciousness
2. 4.II Sleep and Dreams pgs. 274-289
a. Biological Rythms
i. 24 hr. cycle/Circadian Rhythm
ii. Annual Cycles
iii. 28 day cycle
iv. 90 minute sleep cycle
1. Alpha Waves
2. Hallucinations
3. Stage 1
4. Stage 2
5. Stage 3
6. Stage 4
a. Delta Waves
7. REM Sleep
b. Purpose of Sleep and Dreams
i. Manifest Content
ii. Latent Content
iii. Memory Consolidation
c. Sleep Disorders
i. Insomnia
 ii. Narcolepsy
iii. Sleep Apnea
iv. Night Terrors
v. REM Rebound
3. 4.III Drugs and Consciousness pgs. 296-308
a. Dependence and Addiction
i. Psychoactive Drug
ii. Tolerance
iii. Withdrawal
iv. Physical Dependence
v. Psychological Dependence
vi. Addiction
b. Depressants
i. Alcohol
ii. Barbiturates
iii. Opiates
c. Stimulants
i. Amphetamines
ii. Methamphetamine
iii. Cocaine
iv. Ecstasy (MDMA)
d. Hallucinogens
i. Locus Coeruleus (LC)
ii. LSD
iii. Marijuana
iv. THC
4. 4.IV Hypnosis and Near Death Experiences pgs. 290-295, 309-311
A. Hypnosis
B. Posthypnotic Suggestion
C. Dissociation
D. Near-Death Experience