Health Facility Innovations

Designing Safe and Resilient Health Facilities

Dr. Heng-Chia Chang

Vice Superintendent, Disclaimer: The views expressed in this paper/presentation are the views of the author
and do no necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Asian Development Bank
Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital (ADB), or its Board of Governors, or the governments they represent. ADB does not
guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this paper/presentation and accepts no
responsibility for any consequence of their use. Terminology used may not necessarily
be consistent with ADB official terms.
 Outline

 Introduction
 Hospital profile
 Safe and Resilient Building Design of Taipei
Tzu Chi Hospital
 The Disaster Preparedness and Response
 Conclusion
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 Introduction
Tzu Chi Foundation Established in 1966
By Dharma Mater Cheng Yen
 Introduction
Missions of Tzu Chi Foundation
Charity
Medicine
Education
Culture
• Tzu Chi Foundation: Established since 1966
• Branches: 51 branch offices worldwide
• Tzu-Chi International Medical Association (TIMA):
Free Clinics & Relief Missions in 92 countries
Nepal Earthquake 2015: Mobile Clinics Provided by TIMA
Safe and Resilient health facilities are the upmost needed when
disaster occurs: Earthquake 2015 in Kathmandu, Nepal

https://edition.cnn.com/2015/04/25/world/gallery/nepal-earthquake-ugc/index.html
The global warming and the greenhouse effect have
fundamentally changed the environment we live in.
TIMA : Typhoon Hayen, Tacloban, Philippine 2013
Disaster occurs everyday, but thousands miles away?
Hurricane Maria is regarded as the worst natural disaster on record in Dominica and Puerto Rico.
Typhoon Morakot stroke Taiwan: Aug-06-2009
The deadliest typhoon to impact Taiwan, caused 673
people dead and 26 missing.
Safe and Resilient health Earthquake in Taiwan, 1999
facilities are the upmost needed 2,415 people were killed, 11,305
injured, and US$10 billion worth of
when disaster occurs
damage was done
Earthquake in Mexico City,
2017
Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital Profile

13
 Grand Open: 8th May, 2005
It is a new hospital, beautiful
hospital and good hospital !
15
Design awards
 6 hanging gardens
Hanging Gardens with total area of
4,500 M2

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A 1,024-bed hospital designed as a tertiary-
referring medical center
 It is a green hospital.
Balcony around the building

Energy saving
Waste recycling
Eating green
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Starbucks
The only Starbuck serves vegetarian meal only

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Climate and Disaster Hazards

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 WHO: Hospital resilience and safety

Worldwide hundreds of hospitals and health facilities

are destroyed or damaged every year in disasters. When
a hospital fails, the affected communities are left without
even basic emergency care. ……Even in the event of a
disaster, a safe hospital remains accessible and able to
function at maximum capacity, providing its services to
the community when they are most needed.

http://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/emergencies/disaster-preparedness-and-
response/activities/hospital-resilience-and-safety
 Hospital Hazards
Geological hazards Adapted from WHO: Safe Hospital Initiative

 Earthquakes
 Volcanic activity and eruption (??)
 Dry mass movements – landslides
 Tsunamis
 Cyclones/ hurricanes/typhoons
 Tornadoes
 torrential rainfall
 Other meteorological hazards (e.g. sandstorms, wind gusts)
 River floods
 Extreme temperature
 Wild fires (e.g. forests, croplands,…), Drought
 Hospital Hazards
Adapted from WHO: Safe Hospital Initiative
Non-Geological hazards
 Epidemics, pandemics and emerging diseases
 Industrial hazards (e.g. chemical, radiological)
 Fires (e.g. building)
 Power outages
 Water supply disruption
 Transportation incidents (e.g. air, road, rail, water
transport)
 Civil unrest (including demonstrations)
 Others societal hazards (e.g. explosions, terrorism)
 Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital
Safe and Resilient Building Design

2018/4/16 25
 Lot & Building
Lot area: 43, 000 M²
18 floors: 15 floors above ground,
3 floors below ground.
Height: 68 Meters
Floor area: 160,000 M²
 This is the first earthquake-resistant hospital
 The building is isolated from the ground by 349 shock
absorbing cushions and can resist Richter's scale 7.0
earthquake.
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Dynamic Isolation Systems: Earthquake-Resistant Hospital
ROBER ISOLATOR :219 pcs
LIQUID DAMPER : 49 pcs
STEEL DAMPER : 82 pcs

Dynamic Isolation Systems: The building rests on a system of flexible

supports that control how the building moves in shaking ground.
 Photos of The Basic Structures
Isolation design for earthquake-resistant hospital

STEEL DAMPERS:82 PCs

RUBER ISOLATORS: 219 PCs

Dynamic Isolation Systems
 Fire, Flooding, Water shortage, Power outage

Equipment Floor (7F)

Equipment floor(7F)

reservoir
Sewage disposal system
2018/4/16 30
Refuge balcony in case of fire
 Power from two different routes for non-
interrupting electricity supply
route 1

route 2

2018/4/16 32
 Emergency Generator Room
OR、Medical care maintaining sys.、emergency
1000KW x 3
air condition、fire equipment
Concurrent run

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慈濟基金會營建處
Running water and groundwater for emergency

running
water

Groundwater
well

2018/4/16 34
 Secured air tank system for medical usage

2018/4/16 35
Adequate and sufficient 14-days medical supply in case of a disaster

2018/4/16 36
Wide open space in case of mass casualty incident
Indoor open space in
case of mass casualty
incident

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 Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital
The Disaster Preparedness and Response
 Disaster preparedness and response

When typhoon strikes Tzu Chi Hospital

Disaster preparedness and response: doing
our jobs as usual
On my way home in Taipei city
Outbreak: It is only one-flight away from
having a deadly outbreak

https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2017/05/18/guarding-
against-another-ebola-outbreak-in-nigeria/
 An Outbreak in Taiwan: SARS 2003

 https://uc.udn.com.tw/photo/2017/12/26/99/43719
75.jpg

Outbreak: It is only one-flight away from having a deadly outbreak

 SARS Outbreak in Taiwan 2003
Fever screening station: It was temporary and
separated from the main hospital building
 Newer design of a permanent fever screening station and
isolation room which integrated into main hospital building
Disaster preparedness and response: Outbreak of MERS (Drill)
Suspected or infected patient is transferred to
the main building directly
Disaster preparedness and response: Outbreak of MERS (Drill)
Suspected or infected patient is transferred to
the main building directly
 Disaster preparedness and response: Outbreak of MERS (Drill)
Newer design of a permanent fever screening station and isolation
room which integrated into main hospital building
Disaster preparedness and response: Outbreak of MERS (Drill)

Medical staff wear their protective gown in the main building.

Mass Casualty Incidence
On 27 June 2015, flammable starch-based powder exploded at a
recreational water park in Taiwan, injuring 508 people, with 199 in
critical condition.
The dust explosion, which occurred on a music stage during a
"Color Play Asia" party. It was the worst incident of mass injury
[ever] in New Taipei

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Emergent recall of medical staff
Immediate response for a mass
casualty incidence
Rapid and effective resuscitation
 Conclusion:
Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital: Safe and Resilient
Cornerstone for Safeguarding of Life
After a catastrophe when
everything is in chaos,
people need a well-
functioning hospital. It
becomes a holy place like
a church or temple.
Thank you for your attention !

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