Reinforced Concrete Design to ACI Code

The Design of
Flexural Members

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 Since εy = fy/Es 600
cb  .d
Es = 200 × 103 MPa
MP 600  f y
Asb f y  0.85 f c'b1cb
Asb b
f y  0.85 f c'  1cb
bd b.d
1 600
 b f y  0.85 f c' 1 .d
d 600  f y
f c' 600
 b  0.851
f y 600  f y
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The reinforcement limit of 0.75ρb results in a net tensile strain in

extreme tension steel at nominal strength of 0.00376. The limit of
0.004 is slightly more conservative. This limitation does not apply to
40 prestressed members.

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ACI-318-11 Code Strain Limits

Figure 14. Strain Limit Zones and variation of Strength Reduction

Factor φ
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 Lower Limit for Steel Reinforcement
 When a beam section cracks in tension, the crack usually
propagates to a point near the centroid of the section and there is a
sudden transfer of tension force from the concrete to the
reinforcing steel in the tension zone. Unless a minimum amount of
reinforcement is ppresent in the tension zone,, the beam would fail
suddenly. To prevent such a brittle failure, the minimum moment
strength for a reinforced concrete beam section should be equal to or
greater than the cracking moment strength for the plain concrete
section.
 Such a specific recommendation is not given in the ACI Code for
reinforced concrete beam sections. However, based on a
calculation that sets the moment capacity of a reinforced section
equall tto approximately
i t l ttwicei ththatt off a plain
l i section,
ti ACI CCoded
Section 10.5 specifies the following minimum area of longitudinal
reinforcement for beam sections in positive bending as

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Variables that need to be found or

answered include the following:
1. Find the strength φ Mn.
2. Check the adequacy of a given
beam,, or
3. Find an allowable load that the
beam can carry.
The flow chart of Figure 17 can be
used for the analysis of a reinforced
concrete beam

50 Figure 17

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 Example
 Compute the nominal moment
strength Mn of a beam shown
with f'c=20 MPa (β1β =0.85), fy
= 420 MPa, b = 250 mm, d=
500 mm, and three No. 25 bars
giving As = 3x510 = 1530 mm2.
Note that the difference between
the total section depth, h, and
the effective
effecti e depth,
depth d,
d is 65 mm,
mm
which a typical value for beam
sections designed with metric
dimension.

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1. Compute a (assuming the tension steel is yielding).

2. Check whether the tension steel is yielding. The yield strain for the
reinforcing steel is

52 Thus, the steel is yielding as assumed in step 1.

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 3. Compute the nominal moment strength

4. Confirm that the tension steel area exceeds As,min

Therefore:

As = 1530 mm2 exceeds As,min

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