Necronomicon

The Necronomicon is a fictional grimoire (textbook of magic) appearing in the

stories by horror writer H. P. Lovecraft and his followers. It was first mentioned in
Lovecraft's 1924 short story "The Hound",[1] written in 1922, though its purported
author, the "Mad Arab" Abdul Alhazred, had been quoted a year earlier in
Lovecraft's "The Nameless City".[2] Among other things, the work contains an
account of the Old Ones, their history, and the means for summoning them.

Other authors such as August Derleth and Clark Ashton Smith also cited it in their
works; Lovecraft approved, believing such common allusions built up "a
background of evil verisimilitude." Many readers have believed it to be a real work,
with booksellers and librarians receiving many requests for it; pranksters have listed
it in rare book catalogues, and a student smuggled a card for it into the Yale
University Library's card catalog.[3]

Capitalizing on the notoriety of the fictional volume, real-life publishers have Author H. P. Lovecraft created the
printed many books entitledNecronomicon since Lovecraft's death. Necronomicon as a fictional grimoire
and featured it in many of his stories.

Contents
Origin
Fictional history
Appearance and contents
Locations
Hoaxes and alleged translations
In popular culture
Commercially available imitations
See also
References
External links

Origin
How Lovecraft conceived the name Necronomicon is not clear—Lovecraft said that the title came to him in a dream.[4] Although
some have suggested that Lovecraft was influenced primarily by Robert W. Chambers' collection of short stories The King in Yellow,
[5]
which centers on a mysterious and disturbing play in book form, Lovecraft is not believed to have read that work until 1927.

Donald R. Burleson has argued that the idea for the book was derived from Nathaniel Hawthorne, though Lovecraft himself noted
that "mouldy hidden manuscripts" were one of the stock features ofGothic literature.[6]

Lovecraft wrote[7] that the title, as translated from the Greek language, meant "an image of the law of the dead", compounded
respectively from νεκρός nekros "dead", νόμος nomos "law", and εἰκών eikon "image".[8] Robert M. Price notes that the title has
been variously translated by others as "Book of the names of the dead", "Book of the laws of the dead", "Book of dead names" and
"Knower of the laws of the dead".S. T. Joshi states that Lovecraft's own etymology is "almost entirely unsound. The last portion of it
is particularly erroneous, since -ikon is nothing more than a neuter adjectival suffix and has nothing to do with eikõn (image)." Joshi
[9]
translates the title as "Book considering (or classifying) the dead."

Lovecraft was often asked about the veracity of the Necronomicon, and always answered that it was completely his invention. In a
letter to Willis Conover, Lovecraft elaborated upon his typical answer:

Now about the "terrible and forbidden books” — I am forced to say that most of them are purely imaginary. There
never was any Abdul Alhazred orNecronomicon, for I invented these names myself.Robert Bloch devised the idea of
Ludvig Prinn and his De Vermis Mysteriis, while the Book of Eibon is an invention of Clark Ashton Smith's. Robert
E. Howard is responsible for Friedrich von Junzt and his Unaussprechlichen Kulten.... As for seriously-written books
on dark, occult, and supernatural themes — in all truth they don’
t amount to much. That is why it’s more fun to invent
mythical works like theNecronomicon and Book of Eibon.[4]

Reinforcing the book's fictionalization, the name of the book's supposed author, Abdul Alhazred, is not even a grammatically correct
Arabic name. The name "Abdul" simply means "the worshiper/slave of...". Standing alone, it would make no sense, as Alhazred is
[10]
not a surname in the Western sense, but a reference to a person's place of birth.

Fictional history
In 1927, Lovecraft wrote a brief pseudo-history of the Necronomicon that was published in 1938, after his death, as "History of the
Necronomicon". According to this account, the book was originally called Al Azif, an Arabic word that Lovecraft defined as "that
nocturnal sound (made by insects) supposed to be the howling of demons", drawing on a footnote by Samuel Henley in Henley's
translation of "Vathek".[11] Henley, commenting upon a passage which he translated as "those nocturnal insects which presage evil",
alluded to the diabolic legend of Beelzebub, "Lord of the Flies" and to Psalm 91:5, which in some 16th Century English Bibles (such
as Myles Coverdale's 1535 translation) describes "bugges by night" where later translations render "terror by night".[12] One
Arabic/English dictionary translates `Azīf (‫ )ﻋﺰﻳﻒ‬as "whistling (of the wind); weird sound or noise".[13] Gabriel Oussani defined it
as "the eerie sound of the jinn in the wilderness".[14] The tradition of `azif al jinn (‫ )ﻋﺰﻳﻒ اﻟﺠﻦ‬is linked to the phenomenon of
"singing sand".[15]

In the "History", Alhazred is said to have been a "half-crazed Arab" who worshipped the Lovecraftian entities Yog-Sothoth and
Cthulhu. He is described as being from Sanaa in Yemen, and as visiting the ruins of Babylon, the "subterranean secrets" of Memphis
and the Empty Quarter of Arabia (where he discovered the "nameless city" below Irem). In his last years, he lived in Damascus,
where he wrote Al Azif before his sudden and mysterious death in 738.

In subsequent years, Lovecraft wrote, the Azif "gained considerable, though surreptitious circulation amongst the philosophers of the
age." In 950, it was translated into Greek and given the title Necronomicon by Theodorus Philetas, a fictional scholar from
Constantinople. This version "impelled certain experimenters to terrible attempts" before being "suppressed and burnt" in 1050 by
Patriarch Michael (a historical figure who died in 1059).

After this attempted suppression, the work was "only heard of furtively" until it was translated from Greek into Latin by Olaus
Wormius. (Lovecraft gives the date of this edition as 1228, though the real-life Danish scholar Olaus Wormius lived from 1588 to
1624.) Both the Latin and Greek text, the "History" relates, were banned by Pope Gregory IX in 1232, though Latin editions were
apparently published in 15th century Germany and 17th century Spain. A Greek edition was printed in Italy in the first half of the
16th century.

The Elizabethan magician John Dee (1527-c. 1609) allegedly translated the book—presumably into English—but Lovecraft wrote
that this version was never printed and only fragments survive. (The connection between Dee and the Necronomicon was suggested
by Lovecraft's friend Frank Belknap Long.)
According to Lovecraft, the Arabic version of Al Azif had already disappeared by the time the Greek version was banned in 1050,
though he cites "a vague account of a secret copy appearing in San Francisco during the current [20th] century" that "later perished in
fire". The Greek version, he writes, has not been reported "since the burning of a certain Salem man's library in 1692" (an apparent
reference to the Salem witch trials). (In the story "The Diary of Alonzo Typer", the character Alonzo Typer finds a Greek copy.)

According to "History of theNecronomicon" the very act of studying the text is inherently dangerous, as those who attempt to master
its arcane knowledge generally meet terrible ends.

Appearance and contents

The Necronomicon is mentioned in a number of Lovecraft's short stories and in his novellas At the Mountains of Madness and The
Case of Charles Dexter Ward. However, despite frequent references to the book, Lovecraft was very sparing of details about its
appearance and contents. He once wrote that "if anyone were to try to write the Necronomicon, it would disappoint all those who
have shuddered at cryptic references to it."[16]

In "The Nameless City" (1921), a rhyming couplet that appears at two points in the story is ascribed to Abdul Alhazred:

That is not dead which can eternal lie.

And with strange aeons even death may die.

The same couplet appears in "The Call of Cthulhu" (1928), where it is identified as a quotation from the Necronomicon. This "much-
discussed" couplet, as Lovecraft calls it in the latter story, has also been quoted in works by other authors, including Brian Lumley's
The Burrowers Beneath, which adds a long paragraph preceding the couplet.

In his story "History of the Necronomicon", Lovecraft states that it is rumored that artist R.U. Pickman (from his story Pickman's
Model) owned a Greek translation of the text, but it vanished along with the artist in early 1926.

The Necronomicon is undoubtedly a substantial text, as indicated by its description in The Dunwich Horror (1929). In the story,
Wilbur Whateley visits Miskatonic University's library to consult the "unabridged" version of the Necronomicon for a spell that
would have appeared on the 751st page of his own inherited, but defective, Dee edition. The Necronomicon passage in question
states:

Nor is it to be thought...that man is either the oldest or the last of earth's masters, or that the common bulk of life and
substance walks alone. The Old Ones were, the Old Ones are, and the Old Ones shall be. Not in the spaces we know,
but between them, they walk serene and primal, undimensioned and to us unseen. Yog-Sothoth knows the gate. Yog-
Sothoth is the gate. Yog-Sothoth is the key and guardian of the gate. Past, present, future, all are one in Yog-Sothoth.
He knows where the Old Ones broke through of old, and where They shall break through again. He knows where
They had trod earth's fields, and where They still tread them, and why no one can behold Them as They tread. By
Their smell can men sometimes know Them near, but of Their semblance can no man know, saving only in the
features of those They have begotten on mankind; and of those are there many sorts, differing in likeness from man's
truest eidolon to that shape without sight or substance which is Them. They walk unseen and foul in lonely places
where the Words have been spoken and the Rites howled through at their Seasons. The wind gibbers with Their
voices, and the earth mutters with Their consciousness. They bend the forest and crush the city, yet may not forest or
city behold the hand that smites. Kadath in the cold waste hath known Them, and what man knows Kadath? The ice
desert of the South and the sunken isles of Ocean hold stones whereon Their seal is engraver, but who hath seen the
deep frozen city or the sealed tower long garlanded with seaweed and barnacles? Great Cthulhu is Their cousin, yet
can he spy Them only dimly. Iä! Shub-Niggurath! As a foulness shall ye know Them. Their hand is at your throats,
yet ye see Them not; and Their habitation is even one with your guarded threshold.
Yog-Sothoth is the key to the gate,
whereby the spheres meet. Man rules now where They ruled once; They shall soon rule where man rules now. After
summer is winter, after winter summer. They wait patient and potent, for here shall They reign again.
The Necronomicon's appearance and physical dimensions are not clearly stated in Lovecraft's work. Other than the obvious black
letter editions, it is commonly portrayed as bound in leather of various types and having metal clasps. Moreover, editions are
sometimes disguised. In The Case of Charles Dexter Ward, for example, John Merrit pulls down a book labelled Qanoon-e-Islam
from Joseph Curwen’s bookshelf and discovers to his disquiet that it isactually the Necronomicon.

Many commercially available versions of the book fail to include any of the contents that Lovecraft describes. The Simon
Necronomicon in particular has been criticized for this.[17]

Locations
According to Lovecraft's "History of the Necronomicon", copies of the original Necronomicon were held by only five institutions
worldwide:

The British Museum

The Bibliothèque nationale de France
Widener Library of Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts
The University of Buenos Aires
The library of the fictionalMiskatonic University in the also fictitious Arkham, Massachusetts
The Miskatonic University also holds the Latin translation by Olaus W
ormius, printed in Spain in the 17th century.

Other copies, Lovecraft wrote, were kept by private individuals. Joseph Curwen, as noted, had a copy in The Case of Charles Dexter
Ward (1941). A version is held in Kingsport in "The Festival" (1925). The provenance of the copy read by the narrator of "The
Nameless City" is unknown; a version is read by the protagonist in "The Hound"1924).
(

Hoaxes and alleged translations

Although Lovecraft insisted that the book was pure invention (and other writers
invented passages from the book for their own works), there are accounts of some
people actually believing the Necronomicon to be a real book. Lovecraft himself
sometimes received letters from fans inquiring about the Necronomicon's
authenticity. Pranksters occasionally listed the Necronomicon for sale in book store
newsletters or inserted phony entries for the book in library card catalogues (where
it may be checked out to one 'A. Alhazred', ostensibly the book's author and
original owner). The Vatican also receives requests for this book from those who
believe the Vatican Library holds a copy.[18]
A fan-created prop representing the
While the stories surrounding the Necronomicon claim that it is an extremely Necronomicon (2004)
powerful and dangerous book (one that would not be safe just sitting on a shelf,
where anyone could read it), it is equally possible that the listing has a much more
mundane purpose — several (equally fictional) versions of the book do exist, and (since books such as the Necronomicon are
frequently stolen from the shelves) the entry may simply be an attempt to prevent theft.

Similarly, the university library of Tromsø, Norway, lists a translated version of the Necronomicon, attributed to Petrus de Dacia and
[19]
published in 1994, although the document is listed as "unavailable".

[20]
An ad copy for Witchcraft '70, an X-rated film about modern witchcraft, mentioned the Necronomicon.

In 1973, Owlswick Press issued an edition of the Necronomicon written in an indecipherable, apparently fictional language known as
"Duriac".[21] This was a limited edition of 348. The book contains a brief introduction by
L. Sprague de Camp.

The line between fact and fiction was further blurred in the late 1970s when a book purporting to be a translation of "the real"
Necronomicon was published. This book, by the pseudonymous "Simon," had little connection to the fictional Lovecraft Mythos but
instead was based on Sumerian mythology. It was later dubbed the "Simon Necronomicon". Going into trade paperback in 1980 it has
never been out of print and has sold 800,000 copies by 2006 making it the most popular Necronomicon to date. Despite its contents,
the book's marketing focused heavily on the Lovecraft connection and made sensational claims for the book's magical power. The
blurb states it was "potentially, the most dangerous Black Book known to the Western World". Three additional volumes have since
been published — The Necronomicon Spellbook, a book of pathworkings with the 50 names of Marduk; Dead Names: The Dark
History of the Necronomicon, a history of the book itself and of the late 1970s New York occult scene; and The Gates Of The
Necronomicon, instructions on pathworking with the SimonNecronomicon.

A hoax version of the Necronomicon, edited by George Hay, appeared in 1978 and included an introduction by the paranormal
researcher and writer Colin Wilson. David Langford described how the book was prepared from a computer analysis of a discovered
"cipher text" by Dr. John Dee. The resulting "translation" was in fact written by occultist Robert Turner, but it was far truer to the
Lovecraftian version than the Simon text and even incorporated quotations from Lovecraft's stories in its passages. Wilson also wrote
a story, "The Return of the Lloigor", in which theVoynich manuscript turns out to be a copy of theNecronomicon.

With the success of the Simon Necronomicon the controversy surrounding the actual existence of the Necronomicon was such that a
detailed book, The Necronomicon Files, was published in 1998 attempting to prove once and for all the book was pure fiction. It
covered the well-known Necronomicons in depth, especially the Simon one, along with a number of more obscure ones. It was
reprinted and expanded in 2003.[22]

In 2004, Necronomicon: The Wanderings of Alhazred, by Canadian occultist Donald Tyson, was published by Llewellyn Worldwide.
The Tyson Necronomicon is generally thought to be closer to Lovecraft's vision than other published versions. Donald Tyson has
clearly stated that the Necronomicon is fictional, but that has not prevented his book from being the center of some controversy.[23]
Tyson has since publishedAlhazred, a novelization of the life of theNecronomicon's author.

Kenneth Grant, the British occultist, disciple of Aleister Crowley, and head of the Typhonian Ordo Templi Orientis, suggested in his
book The Magical Revival (1972) that there was an unconscious connection between Crowley and Lovecraft. He thought they both
drew on the same occult forces; Crowley via his magic and Lovecraft through the dreams which inspired his stories and the
Necronomicon. Grant claimed that the Necronomicon existed as an astral book as part of the Akashic records and could be accessed
through ritual magic or in dreams. Grant's ideas on Lovecraft were featured heavily in the introduction to the Simon Necronomicon
and also have been backed by Tyson.[24]

In popular culture
The Necronomicon makes minor appearances in many films and television shows and a few video games, and a
version of it known as theNecronomicon Ex-Mortisis featured as a primary plot point in theEvil Dead film
series.[25][26] This specific version of the Necronomicon then appears briefly in the ninth film of theFriday the 13th
franchise, Jason Goes to Hell: The Final Friday.
In the 1992 King's Quest VI PC game, the main antagonist is named Abdul Alhazred. However , this is a reference by
name only; neither Cthulhu Mythos nor the Necronomicon makes any appearance in the game.
Necronomicon is a 1994 film anthology of three Lovecraft stories, directed byBrian Yuzna, Christophe Gans and
Shusuke Kaneko.
In the 1995 Prisoner of Ice video game, the Necronomicon was used as a weapon to defeat the final boss.
The Necronomicon appears in the comic bookAfterlife with Archie.[27]
The Necronomicon appears in the in-character bibliography ofMichael Crichton's 1976 novel, Eaters of the Dead.
Philippe Druillet illustrated a version of the Necronomicon on the October 1979 issue of
Heavy Metal Magazine
(September 1978 for the originalMétal Hurlant issue).[28][29]
The Necronomicon appears in the video gameCrusader Kings II as an artifact the player may obtain.
The Necronomicon can be found in the video gameThe Binding of Isaac.It can also be found in the sequel,[30] The
Binding of Isaac: Rebirth, in which the player can also transform into theLeviathan, whose design is really inspired
by Lovecraftian horror.[31]
While not referred to by name, inStephen King's 1987 novel The Eyes of the Dragonthe evil wizard Flagg owns a
massive spellbook written by the mad wizard Alhazred in a distant land.oTread from this book for too long was to
risk madness.

Commercially available imitations

 Al Azif: The Necronomiconby L. Sprague de Camp (1973,ISBN 1-58715-043-3)
Necronomicon by "Simon" (1980, ISBN 0-380-75192-5)
The Gates of the Necronomiconby "Simon" (2006, ISBN 0-06-089006-1)
Necronomicon: A Study in the Forbidden Magic of Lovecraft & the Great Mystery of Stargates (Greek edition, 2008)
by George Ioannidis
The Necronomicon edited by George Hay (1993,ISBN 1-871438-16-0)
Necronomicon: The Wanderings of Alhazred by Donald Tyson (2004, ISBN 0-7387-0627-2)
Necronomicon Plush Bookby Toy vault (not an actual book, but rather anovelty collectible parodying the format of
children's pop-up books).

See also
Anthropodermic bibliopegy Grimoire
Cthulhu Mythos arcane literature Necronomicon Press
Cthulhu Mythos in popular culture Simon Necronomicon
False document

References
Notes

1. "The Hound", by H. P. Lovecraft (http://www.yankeeclassic.com/miskatonic/library/stacks/literature/lovecraft/stories/h

ound.htm) Published February 1924 in "Weird Tales". YankeeClassic.com. Retrieved on January 31, 2009
2. Though it has been argued that an unnamed copy of theNecronomicon appears in the 1919 storyThe Statement of
Randolph Carter, S. T. Joshi points out that the text in question was "written in characters whose like (narrator
Randolph Carter) never saw elsewhere"--which would not describe any known edition of the Necronomicon,
including the one in Arabic, a language Carter was familiar with. S..TJoshi, "Afterword", History of the
Necronomicon, Necronomicon Press.
3. L. Sprague de Camp, Literary Swordsmen and Sorcerers, p100-1 ISBN 0-87054-076-9
4. Quotes Regarding theNecronomicon from Lovecraft’s Letters (http://www.hplovecraft.com/creation/necron/letters.as
p)
5. Joshi & Schultz, "Chambers, Robert William",An H. P. Lovecraft Encyclopedia, p. 38
6. Joshi, "Afterword".
7. H. P. Lovecraft - Selected Letters V, 418
8. νεκρός (http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=nekro/s), νόμος (http://www.
perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=no/mos2) , εἰκών (http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/
hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=ei)kw/n) . Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert; A Greek–English
Lexicon at the Perseus Project.
9. Joshi, S.T. The Rise and Fall of the Cthulhu Mythos(Mythos Books, 2008) pp. 34-35.
10. Petersen, Sandy & Lynn Willis. Call of Cthulhu, p. 189.
11. H.P. Lovecraft (1999). S.T. Joshi, ed. The Call of Cthulhu and Other Weird Stories. Penguin Books. p. 380.
ISBN 0141182342.
12. William Beckford (1868). Samuel Henley
, ed. Vathek; An Arabian Tale. William Tegg. p. 144.
13. Hans Wehr (1979). J.M. Cowan, ed.A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic(4th ed.). Otto Harrassowitz Verlag.
p. 714. ISBN 3447020024.
14. Oussani, Gabriel (1906–1907). "The XIVth Chapter of Genesis".The New York Review. II: 217.
15. Papoutsakis, Nefeli (2009).Desert Travel as a Form of Boasting: A Studyof D̲ū R-Rumma's Poetry. Otto
Harrassowitz Verlag. p. 60. ISBN 344706112X.
16. Letter to Jim Blish and William Miller, Jr., quoted in Joshi, "Afterword".
17. The Simon Necronomicon (https://web.archive.org/web/20080603151048/http://www
.mythostomes.com/content/vie
w/16/69/), a review.
18. Voicu, Sever Juan (7 February 2007)."Bodmer Papyrus: History Becomes Reality"(http://www.ewtn.com/library/SC
RIPTUR/bodmerpapyrus.HTM). L'Osservatore Romano.
19. Necronomicon. (http://ask.bibsys.no/ask/action/show?pid=970451504&kid=biblio)
20. "Witchcraft '70" (https://www.newspapers.com/clip/1982636/witchcraft_70_poster/). The El Dorado Times. El Dorado,
Arkansas. 20 Feb 1971. p. 2."[..]bizarre chants of the Necronomicon[..]"
21. "Al Azif: The Necronomicon, a Review (Owlswick/Wildside Edition)"(http://www.mythostomes.com/content/view/14/6
9/) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20080603131414/http://www .mythostomes.com/content/view/14/69/)2008-
06-03 at the Wayback Machine.
22. Dan and John Wisdom Gonce III. 2003.The Necronomicon Files. Boston: Red Wheel Weiser. ISBN 9781578632695
23. Keys to Power beyond Reckoning: Mysteries of the yTson Necronomicon (https://web.archive.org/web/20090205164
728/http://www.mythostomes.com/content/view/97/72/)
24. Harms, Dan and John Wisdom Gonce III. 2003.The Necronomicon Files. Boston: Red Wheel Weiser. p. 103
ISBN 9781578632695
25. Evil Dead (http://www.necfiles.org/evildead.htm)Necfiles.org. Retrieved on January 31, 2009
26. Evil Dead - Necronomicon Mistake(http://www.slipups.com/items/3881.html)@ The Slip-Up Archive. Retrieved on
January 31, 2009
27. Sullivan, Justin (22 July 2014)." 'Afterlife With Archie': Sabrina the Teenage Witch returns" (http://herocomplex.latim
es.com/comics/afterlife-with-archie-sabrina-the-teenage-witch-returns/#/8) . Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 10 June
2015.
28. Heavey Metal Magazine(http://www.johncoulthart.com/feuilleton/2012/03/15/heavy-metal-october-1979-the-lovecraft
-special/) johncoulthart.com. Retrieved: March 13, 2017
29. Métal Hurlant (http://www.bedetheque.com/revue-Metal-Hurlant-Hors-Serie.html) Bedetheque.com. Retrieved: March
13, 2017
30. https://bindingofisaacrebirth.gamepedia.com/The_Necronomicon
31. https://bindingofisaacrebirth.gamepedia.com/Leviathan_(T
ransformation)

Bibliography

Primary sources

Lovecraft, H. P. (1985). S. T. Joshi, ed. At the Mountains of Madness and Other Novels(7th corrected printing ed.).
Sauk City, WI: Arkham House. ISBN 0-87054-038-6. Definitive version.

The Case of Charles Dexter Ward

"The Statement of Randolph Carter"
Lovecraft, H. P. (1986). S. T. Joshi, ed. Dagon and Other Macabre Tales (9th corrected printing ed.). Sauk City, WI:
Arkham House. ISBN 0-87054-039-4. Definitive version.

"The Festival"
"The Hound"
"The Nameless City"
Lovecraft, H. P. (1984). S. T. Joshi, ed. The Dunwich Horror and Others(9th corrected printing ed.). Sauk City, WI:
Arkham House. ISBN 0-87054-037-8. Definitive version.

"The Dunwich Horror"

Lovecraft, H. P. (1980). A History of The Necronomicon. West Warwick, RI: Necronomicon Press.ISBN 0-318-
04715-2.

Secondary sources

Harms, Daniel and Gonce, John Wisdom III.Necronomicon Files: The Truth Behind Lovecraft's Legend, Red
Wheel/Weiser (July 1, 2003), pp. 64–65,
Hill, Gary (2006). The Strange Sound of Cthulhu: Music Inspired by the Writings of H. .PLovecraft. Music Street
Journal. ISBN 978-1-84728-776-2.
 Joshi, S. T.; David E. Schultz (2001).An H. P. Lovecraft Encyclopedia. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-
31578-7.
Petersen, Sandy; Lynn Willis; Keith Herber; William Workman; William Hamblin; Mark Morrison; Lee Gibbons (1994).
Call of Cthulhu. Chaosium Inc. ISBN 0-933635-86-9.
"Wildside/Owlswick Necronomicon". 2006-12-19. Archived fromthe original on June 3, 2008. Retrieved March 3,
2007.

External links
"The Dan Clore Necronomicon Page", Everything You Never Wanted to Know about theNecronomicon (Al Azif) of
the Mad Arab Abdul Alhazred but Weren't Afraid Enough to Know Better than to Ask!
Low, Colin. "The Necronomicon Anti-FAQ" (September 1995)
The King in Yellow public domain audiobook atLibriVox
Vathek public domain audiobook atLibriVox
The Nameless City public domain audiobook atLibriVox
The Dunwich Horror public domain audiobook atLibriVox

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Necronomicon&oldid=837004272

"

This page was last edited on 18 April 2018, at 04:21.

Text is available under theCreative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply. By using this
site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of theWikimedia
Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.