Chapter 5 Design of Corbels and Nibs 5.0 NOTATION a Distance from centre of load to nearest face of column for a corbel a, Distance from free edge of nib to nearest link in beam A, ‘Area of steel reinforcement in tension to resist bending An Area of horizontal steel reinforcement to resist shear in corbel 6 Width of corbel a Effective depth from bottom of corbel to centre of tensile reinforcement dy Depth of corbel at edge of loaded area f Tensile stress in steel ty Characteristic yield strength of steel fe Characteristic cube strength of concrete at 28 days FE Concrete strut foree in compression R Steel tensile force Fu ‘Tensile force in reinforcement at start of a bend h Overall depth of corbel M Applied moment on a section P Percentage of tensile reinforcement r Internal radius of a bend in a bar Sy Spacing of horizontal links in a corbel T Tension force applied to corbel along with vertical load v ‘Shear stress in conerete (N/mm?) Ye Design shear stress in concrete (N/mm?) v Modified design shear stress to account for a, v Vertical load on corbel x Distance of neutral axis from bottom of corbel z Depth of lever arm B Angle of inclination to horizontal of concrete strut in a corbel a Strain in steel reinforcement + Diameter of reinforcing bar or equivalent diameter of a group of bars 5.1 LOAD COMBINATIONS 5.1.1 General rules See Section 2 193194 Jinforced Conerete 5.1.2 Exceptional loads See Section 2.2.4, 5.2 STEP-BY-STEP DESIGN PROCEDURE FOR CORBELS Step 1 Determine ultimate loads on the corbel Follow load combination rules of Section 2.2. ‘Step 2 Determination of corbel geometry Outside edge of bearing tote lept clear of bend in sain reinforcement (minimum clearance = bo" diameter) SK 5/1 Cotbel geometry Bor welded to rain bor Check the following: - hy 05h ‘Additional. bar fall daneter SK 5/2 Alternative corbel Beomety, (1) Bearing stress on concrete under bearing plate = 0.8/2, (2) Distance from end of loaded area to face of corbel should be as shown, (3) Depth at root of corbel should be such that shear stress Vibd is less than 0.8V/f.. or SN/mm?, whichever is the lesser.Design of Corbels and Nibs 195 Orv (A) Depth at outer edge of loaded area should be at least half the depth at the root. (5) Ifa, is greater than d, the corbel should be designed as a ca eam. Step 3 Evaluation of interna forces Cos B 045s ‘SK 5/3 Strut and tie diagram of a ri JAGRAM STRAIN DIAGRAM STRESS OlAGRAM reinforeed concrete corbel ‘be WIDTH OF CORBEL Draw strut and tie diagram as shown and find the following parameters. av bad Find vif and afd. Find 2/d from Fig. 5.1. Find z and x= (d—2)/0.45 Find R= 7+ Vale steel reinforcement T= applied horizontal load along with V z= depth of lever arm; x= depth of neutral axis Rosy, oT O87f, ~ 0.874, * 0.87), Alternatively, Rokeby 7 = (28th 7 : Fe~ (2) o5ccs8 = oatreatrep v= Resin pad —04se By iteration, find x after assuming x in first trial. With final value of x, find zand F,. From F, find A,.196 Reinforced Concrete Step 4 Note: Step § Step 6 Step 7 Check shear 100A, bd ae Find v, from Figs 11.2 to 11.5 and multiply by 2dla, to get v2 for corbel If v vig design shear reinforcement ‘Ach (Area ofall legsof Links ) F ing | 2%ad n 400mm Corbel about the major axis of column, Width of corbel= 400 mm Determination of corbel geometry Sou = 4ON/mm* f= 40ON/mm* Minimum cover to reinforcement = 30mm ‘Assumed diameter of main reinforcement = 32mm, Assumed diameter of horizontal links = 10mm Bearing plate used. ‘Maximum bearing stres: 0.8f.4 = 32N/mm* 300mm Length of bearing plate ‘ v Minimum bearing width = 55 Actual width of bearing plate = 100mm =i.>83mm OK. 1 4y + 5 by + length of bend of bar + min. cover + dia. of link + min, cover 400 + 50 + 5 x 32 + 30+ 10 + 30 = 680mm say 700mm Use d= 150 -30-16= 704mm Maximum allowable shear stress at column face =5 N/mm? 150mm at column face. 800 x 10 - - 2 Fogo — 2SNImm? < O8Vq = $.0SNm valuation of forces First trial From strut and tie diagram (Step 3 in Section 5.2),202 Reinforced Concrete Foosb + T= "B+ f= (CLS) ooze = 0aatecns s v= FsinB rad ~ 045x Assume x= 0.4d= 282mm, say. rad - 0.45e 704 ~ (0.45 x 282) = 577mm 2 2. cotB = = Fy = 0.6932 sinf = 0.8218 cos = 0.5697 Sap 7 OTBSEN —_fe__ © 0A02fexb eos 8 973.5 10 0.402 x 40 x 400 x 0.5697 = 265.7 mm Second trial 265 mm = 584.7mm cot = 0.6841 sin = 0.8254 cos = 0.5646 Fe = 969.2KN x= 266,9mm OK Final z= 585mm 0 » 10° x 400 . = (ON) 50 x 10! = 027 x 10 a= o.mns x (= 8) 265 5.798 x 10"? > 0.002Design of Corbels and Nibs 203 ————— ee eee Note: Step 4 So the steel will be at the yield stress level f= 460N/mm? F sv. 7) 0pm? A= ogni, = Gan) * + (ca) ua 27 x10 ~ 087 x 40 = 1567 mm? > 1200mm? OK Use 2 no. 324ia, bars as main tension reinforcement (1608 mm?) Alternatively by use of the chart in Fig. 5.1, v2.84 40 400 704 = 0.071 0.568, From Fig. 5.1, 2 = 704 x 0.83 = 584mm ‘The chart gives the same z as is obtained by iteration, Having found z from the chart, find F, and A, Check shear _ 100A, Pe bd 100 1608 400 x 704 = 057 From Fig. 11.5, ¥_= 0.608 N/mm? 2x 704 x 0.608 he 2 yg = 2 FORK 608 9 gn? < 2.84 Shear reinforcement is required, Horizontal links are provided. Assume $= 200mm. Sv = ve) _ 400 x 200 x (2.84 ~ 2.14) O87f, 0.87 X 460 = hom An = Required: 2-legged 10mm diameter links at 200 centres for the upper two- thirds of d.204 Reinforced Concrete Required: 3 sets of links of 10mm diameter at 200mm centres. Total area of legs = 471 mm? <0. x 1567 = 783.5 mm" 967 mm? Main tension steel required = Use 5 sets of links 10mm diameter at 100mm centres (785mm?) 2032 5.010 LINKS SK S/11 Elevation of designed corbel. ‘Step $ Minimum tension reinforcement A> 0.00401 = 120mm? satisfied ‘Stop 6 Maximum tension reinforcement A, <0.0406h = 12000 mm? Not exceeded. Sup 7 Check bearing stress inside bend poe? 3 2 | ‘SK 8/12 Bearing stress inside SIDE ELEVATION FRONT ELEVATION bend,Design of Corbels and Nibs 208 Fux ( A \(4 st) © Vio. of bars MA, roy 21, 1807 2 * 168 = 305.5kN Utimate anchorage bond siress fos = 0.5 Vfcx (for Type 2 deformed bar as obtained from Table 3.28 ‘of BSSI10: Part 1) 0.540 = 3.16N/mm? Anchorage bond length required = 78h 35.5 x 108 "RXR x 3.16 = 962mm, In the column, the straight length of bar before start of bend is taken as approximately equal to 350mm which is say one-third of the required anchorage length. Hence Tension in bar at stat of bend = 5 Fy 305.5 = 203.7kN internal radius of bond 4x 32. (minimum) = 128mm_ standard @ = 32mm a, = cover + bar diameter for corner bar Centre-to-centre distance of bars = 224mm > 104mm ay = 104mm 203.7 x 10° 49.73N/mm? 128 x 32, mane _ 2x40 32 ) +268) Standard radius bend will be adequate. CCaleulation of anchorage bond length: Anchorage value standard bend = 12x straight) Straight before bend = 350mm 19.52N/mm? < 49.73 N/mm? = 384mm (includes 4 diameter206 Reinforced Concrete Bar should project vertically into column after standard bend by minimum of 962 — 384 - 350 + (4 x 32) = 356mm Step 8 Spacing of bars Minimum horizontal spacing = 20+ 5 = 25mm Maximum clear spacing of bars in tension < 7 J, = service stress (from crack width calculations in Step 9) 206.4Nimm? <= 300 ‘Actual clear spacing = 224—32= 192mm <208mm OK Clear distance between the comer of corbel and the nearest tension bar should not be greater than 80mm as per clause 3.12.11.2.5 of BS8L10: Part 1: 1985. Actual clear distance is 72mm. Note: No crack width calculation is required if maximum spacing of bars in tension does not exceed the recommendations of clause 3.12.11.2 of BS8110: Part 1 Step 9 Crack width calculations Note: This step is optional and is included to show the method of calculation of crack width for a corbel. fe + . fh fs 105 83 ae Re r t ¥ i ee 4 END ELEVATION ——_STRAN ous SK 5/13 Crack width calevlations,Design of Corbels and Nibs 207 eT eis ang NUS NT Service horizontal load = SOkN Service vertical load = S00kN ‘Moment at face of column = 500 x a, = 200kNm See Section 1.13 and assume A; =0 [6 28)-4 wre (1 4 Bee x mony) 00 1608 = 10 = 201mm 1608 % 637 = 195.3N/mm? due to flexure 50x 10° 1608 fe = fo + fv 195.3 + 31.1 26.4N/mnm* 226.4 E 200« 10 ho w=(=)s (2 = 201 704 — 201, = 1.235 x 107 b(h = xf 3E,A, (d — ») fa = 31.1N/mm? due to horizontal load e = 1.132 x 10-3 ) x 132 10"? en = fh ~ 3 4000750 — 201)? = 1.235 x 19-8 - ———_00050 — 201)" __ * 3% 200 X 10? x 1608 x (704 — 201) = 0.9866 x 10> ay = V(88? + 46) — 16 = 83.3mm208 Reinforced Concrete Example 5.2 ‘Step 1 ay = V(I + 464) — 16 = 105mm ae, = 105mm _ 3. 105 x 0.9866 x 107 1+ a(S) 750 = 201, = 024mm < 03mm Woe = Crack width eriterion is satisfied Design of concrete nib SK 5/14 General arrangement of Precast concrete stabi. Reinforced conerete units situ floor beams with nibs to carry precast floor Clear gap between beams = 4.5m Width of floor units = 400 mm Depth of floor units = 100mm False floor + finish on units = 2.5kN/m? Imposed load on floor = 5.0kN/m? Grade of concrete for beam = C40 ‘Assume dry bearing. Determine cover to reinforcement Exposure = mild Fire resistance = 1 hour Grade of concrete = C40 Maximum size of aggregate = 20mm Minimum thickness of floor = 95mm Nominal cover = 20mm,Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Design of Corbels and Nibs 209 Determine loading Self-weight of precast unit = 2.5 kN/m? False floor + finish = 2.5 kN/m* ‘Total dead load = SkN/m? Imposed load = SkN/m* Ultimate load = 1.45 + 1.6% 5 = 15 kN/m? Reaction at either end of precast floor unit (400mm) Sx1Sx05x04 3.5 kN Determine nib geometry Allowable bearing stress = 0.4f.,= 0.4 40 = 16N/mm? Effective bearing length is the least of: (@) bearing length = 400mm (b) one-half bearing length + 100=300mm (©) 00mm. Effective bearing length = 300mm wvigth = imate support reaction Net bearing width = ictive bearing length) x Of = 5X1 en Net bearing width = 40mm Allowance for spalling (from Tables 5.1 and 5.2)=20+0= 20mm Allowance for accuracies (from Table 5.3)= 25mm 40+20+25= 85mm Nominal bearing widt Nib projection = 85mm + 15mm (chamfer) + 10mm(clearance) = 110mm. ‘Nominal length of precast units = 4.5m~2 10mm (clearance) 48m Minimum depth of nib =2>x (minimum cover) +8 x (diameter of bar) x20+8x8= 104mm<300mm Minimum depth of nib 105mm, say. ‘The depth of the nib can be reduced if 6mm diameter mild steel bars are used or welded anchor bars are used at straight ends of flexural bars, Design of nib a, = 110 ~ 15 (chamfer) + 20 (cover) + 5 (half dia. of link) = 120mm, d= 105 ~ 20 - 4= 81mm210. Reinforced Concrete -M = bending moment per metre = (load per metre run) x a = 43.5 x 0.5 x IS x 0.12 aM Seaba® 4.05 x 10° 40 x 1000 x 81? fos |(oas- &)] 055 - ” 0.9/ “ oss os oy aas nee we Td cae a Osife 087 x 40 x77 Se7§ Din ina rine Vine Oa Sm on x 8 137 mm?/m_ Step 6 Maximum spacing of bars Maximum spacing = 3 x effective depth + bar dia 3x 8148 = 251mm centres Use 8mm dia. bars at 250 centres (201 mm*/m). (See Example 2.3, Step 25 for refinement.) #10 Link in beam 4 s | SK 5/15 Typical reinforcement in 8 Hairpins at 2506 nib.Design of Corbels and Nibs 211 Step 7 Check shear V = ultimate load per metre length 15 x 0.5 x 15 33.75kN/m Vv _ 33.75 x10 bd ~ 1000 x 81 From Fig. 11.5, ¥_ = 0.62N/mm? vad a, 0.62 x 2x 81 120 = 0.84N/mm? > 0.42N/mm?* Step 8 Extra vertical reinforcement in beam In addition to links, an area of reinforcement is required in the beam to ‘carry the load from the nib. v An = ORR, _ 33.75 x 10° * 0.87 x 460 = 84mm"/m212 Reinforced Concrete 5.5 FIGURES AND TABLES FOR CHAPTER 5 VALUES OF 2/6 0.28 02 018 vit, on 0.08 ig. 5.1 Chart for determining 2dDesign of Corbels and Nibs 213 Effective bearing Effective beoring a ‘Support spalling ‘Table 5.1 Allowance for effects of spalling at supports, Material of support Distance y (em) Steel 0 Concrete Grade 30 or over 5 Brickwork or masonry 25 Concrete below Grade 30 2% less than Nominal cover to reinforcement ib less than Nominal cover plus inner radius of 300mm deep with vertical loop bend reinforcement exceeding 12mm in diameter ‘Table 5.2 Allowance for effects of spalling at supported members. Reinforcement at bearing of Distance x (mm) supported member Straight bars, horizontal loop or 10 oF end cover, whichever is vertical loop reinforcement not seater exceeding [2mm diameter ‘Tendons or straight bars exposed at o tend of member Vertical loop reinforcement of bar End cover plus inner radius of bend diameter exceeding 2mm of bar ‘Table 5.3 Allowance for construction inaccuracies. Material of support ‘Construction inaccuracy (mm) ‘Steel or precast concrete support 1S oF 3L, whichever is greater Masonry supports 20 or 4L, whichever is greater In-situ concrete supports 25 or SL, whichever is greater