SEMINAR REPORT

( 7th SEMESTER, JULY-DECEMBER)

HYPERLOOP TRAIN

SUBMITTED BY

VISHAL KUMAR
BRANCH :- MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

SEMESTER:- 7th (4th YEAR)

ROLL NO:- 1301048

1
 TABLE OF CONTENT

HYPERLOOP .........................................................................................
HISTORY ...............................................................................................
THEORY & OPERATIONS ......................................................................
INITIAL DESIGN CONCEPT ....................................................................
PROPOSED ROUTES .............................................................................
ADVANTAGES ......................................................................................
DISADVANTAGES .................................................................................
HYPERLOOP IN 2016 ............................................................................
HYPERLOOP IN INDIA ..........................................................................
CONCLUSIONS .....................................................................................
REFERENCES ........................................................................................

2
 HYPERLOOP

Hyperloop is a tradename and a registered trademark of the Space Exploration

Technologies Corporation (SpaceX) for the high speed transportation of
passengers and goods in tubes. It is essentially a futuristic train that Musk calls "a
cross between a Concorde, a railgun and an air hockey table". It's based on the
very high speed transit (VHST) system proposed in 1972 which combines a
magnetic levitation train and a low pressure transit tube. The Hyperloop is a
conceptual high-speed transportation system put forward by Entrepreneur
Elon Musk. In Musk’s vision, the Hyperloop would transport people via aluminum
pods enclosed inside of steel tubes. He describes the design as looking like a
shotgun with the tubes running side by side for most of the journey and closing
the loop at either end. These tubes would be mounted on columns 50 to 100
yards apart, and the pods inside would travel up to 800 miles per hour.

Concept design of Hyperloop Concept art of Hyperloop workings

3
 HISTORY
Musk first mentioned that he was thinking about a concept for a "Fifth Mode of
Transport", calling it the Hyperloop, in July 2012 at a PandoDaily event in
Santa Monica, California. This hypothetical high-speed mode of transportation
would have the following characteristics:

 Immunity to Weather

 Collision Free

 Twice the Speed of a Plane

 Low Power Consumption

 Energy Storage for 24-hour Operations

The name Hyperloop was chosen because it would go in a Loop.

Musk envisions the more advanced versions will be able to go at Hypersonic
Speed. In May 2013, Musk likened the Hyperloop to a "Cross between a
Concorde and a Railgun and an Air Hockey Table”
From late 2012 until August 2013, a group of engineers from both Tesla and
SpaceX worked on the conceptual modelling of Hyperloop. An early system
design was published in to the Tesla and SpaceX blogs. Musk has also invited
feedback to "see if the people can find ways to improve it". The Hyperloop will be
an open source design.
In June 2015, SpaceX announced that it would build a 1-mile-long (1.6 km) test
track to be located next to SpaceX's Hawthorne Facility. The track would be
used to test pod designs supplied by third parties in the competition.
Construction on a 5-mile (8 km). Hyperloop test track is to start on a
Hyperloop Transportation Technologies-owned site in Quay Valley in 2016.
By November 2015, with several commercial companies and dozens of student
teams pursuing the development of Hyperloop technologies, the Wall Street
Journal asserted that "The Hyperloop Movement, as some of its unaffiliated
members refer to themselves, is officially bigger than the man who started it."

4
 THEORY & OPERATIONS

Artist’s impression of a Hyperloop capsule. Air compressor on the front,

passenger compartment in the middle, battery compartment at the back, and air
caster skis at the bottom.

A 3-D Sketch of Hyperloop Infrastructure

Developments in high-speed rail have historically been impeded by the difficulties

in managing friction and air resistance, both of which become substantial when
vehicles approach high speeds. The vactrain concept theoretically eliminates
these obstacles by employing magnetically levitating trains in evacuated (airless)
or partly evacuated tubes, allowing for speeds of thousands of miles per hour.
However, the high cost of maglev and the difficulty of maintaining a vacuum over
large distances has prevented this type of system from ever being built. The
Hyperloop resembles a vactrain system but operates at approximately
one millibar(100 Pa) of pressure.

5
 INITIAL DESIGN CONCEPT

The Hyperloop concept operates by sending specially designed "Capsules" or

"Pods" through a continuous steel tube maintained at a partial vacuum. Each
capsule floats on a 0.5-to-1.3-millimetre (0.02 to 0.05 in) layer of air provided
under pressure to air-caster "skis", similar to how pucks are suspended in an air
hockey table, thus avoiding the use of maglev while still allowing for speeds that
wheels cannot sustain. Linear induction motors located along the tube would
accelerate and decelerate the capsule to the appropriate speed for each section
of the tube route. With rolling resistance eliminated and air resistance greatly
reduced, the capsules can glide for the bulk of the journey. In the Hyperloop
concept, an electrically driven inlet fan and air compressor would be placed at the
nose of the capsule to "actively transfer high pressure air from the front to the
rear of the vessel," resolving the problem of air pressure building in front of the
vehicle, slowing it down. A fraction of the air is shunted to the skis for additional
pressure, augmenting that gain passively from lift due to their shape.
In the alpha-level concept, passenger-only pods are to be 2.23 meters (7 ft. 4 in)
in diameter and projected to reach a top speed of 760 mph (1,220 km/h) to
maintain aerodynamic efficiency, the design proposes passengers experience a
maximum inertial acceleration of 0.5 g, about 2 or 3 times that of a commercial
airliner on takeoff and landing. At those speeds there would not be a sonic boom.

6
 PROPOSED ROUTES

A number of routes have been proposed for Hyperloop systems that meet the
approximate distance conditions for which a Hyperloop is hypothesized to provide
improved transport times.
The notional route sized out in the 2013 alpha-level design document was from
the Greater Los Angeles Area to the San Francisco Bay Area. That conceptual
system would begin around Sylmar, just south of the Tejon Pass, follow Interstate
5 to the north, and arrive near Hayward on the east side of San Francisco Bay.
Several proposed branches were also shown in the design document,
including Sacramento, Anaheim, San Diego, and Las Vegas.
European routes have been put forward in January 2016.
A Paris to Amsterdam notional route was proposed by Delft Hyperloop.
A Warsaw University of Technology team is evaluating potential routes from
Cracow to Gdańsk across Poland proposed by Hyper Poland.
As of July 2016, planning is ongoing for a route crossing the sea
between Helsinki and Stockholm in a tunnel.
Hyperloop Transportation Technologies (HTT) is one group that has been
exploring routes other than the Los Angeles to San Francisco route.
Another company, Hyperloop One (formerly Hyperloop Technologies), has
proposed a route from Los Angeles to Las Vegas.

7
 ADVANTAGES

 Lower Cost

 Pollution Free

 Light Weight

 Weight ¼ for the Same Strength

 Corrosion & Chemical Resistance

 Excellent Elastic Properties
 Extremely Strong

 High Speed of 760mph

 Runs from Solar Power

 No Problem of Traffic
 Can Travel in any kind of Weather
 Resistant to Earthquakes

8
 DISADVANTAGES

 High Cost of Fabrication

 Complicated Time Consuming Process

 Complex Repair Procedure

 Non-Isotropic

 Compressive Strength not Dependable

 Punctured Tunnels could cause Shock-Waves

 High Speed may cause Dizziness in some Passengers

 High Initial Cost of Machines & Tools

 Not Suitable for Small Production Methods

9
 HYPERLOOP IN 2016

Hyperloop Technologies is pledging to have its first working loop by the end of
2016, while HTT is promising that its version will be ready in 2017. SpaceX is
planning to have its shorter test loop completed by this summer, to help
engineers refine designs for the transport pods. Both HT and HTT claim they'll
have passenger-ready Hyperloop by the end of the decade. Given that the
concept was unveiled only in 2013, that would be a staggeringly fast turnaround.
If everything goes according to plan, we'll be shooting people across cities in
futuristic vacuum tubes long before Google can get its first self-driving electric
cars in consumer driveways.

10
 HYPERLOOP IN INDIA

India is offering Musk's SpaceX a big chunk of land and permission to do the
required testing in Pune, a city 118 kilometers away from Mumbai. The country's
Union Transport Minister Nitin Gadkari said he made the proposal to
Hyperloop's parent company SpaceX during his recent visit to the United
States.

“I just offered them ... they want some road for experimental purpose. I offered
them the Westerly Bypass of Pune connected to the Express Highway.
The idea is they can take an experiment between Mumbai and Pune as a pilot
project," he said. '”It is up to [SpaceX] to decide whether or not to accept my
offer,” he added.

If Hyperloop manages to materialize its commercial plans - and bring it to India —

it would enable people in Mumbai to go to Nagpur in 35 minutes, Gadkari said.
In comparison, the same 800 kilometers trip takes nearly 14 hours by train.

The Chief Minister of western Indian state of Maharashtra, Devendra

Fadnavis, added that his state government has also asked SpaceX to develop
the product and then test it in the state.

With Hyperloop, Musk has a vision to change the way people travel between
cities. One of the biggest hurdles for his superfast train, which uses air for
propulsion and runs along magnetic tracks, has been convincing local
governments and dealing with politicians to acquire land rights.

11
 CONCLUSIONS

 As it has a number of advantages, it will be very helpful to

transport public as well as goods in a very short period of time ( at
a top speed of 1220 kmph ) & also in lower cost.

 It is a new concept so there is some future work will be required for

development of this projects.

REFERENCES

 http://www.slideshare.net/

 https://hyperloop-one.com/

 http://www.spacex.com/hyperloop

12
13