Hybrid Energy Storage System For Electric

Vehicle Using Ultra Capacitor

1 2
N.Raghunathan , M.Arociyasamy M.E.,
1
M.E. Power Electronics and Drives, Dept. of EEE, Mookambigai College of Engineering Pudukkottai,
2
Assistant Professor, Dept. of EEE, Mookambigai College of Engineering Pudukkottai,

Abstract— In this paper, a new battery/ultra-capacitor hybrid energy storage system (HESS) is proposed for electric drive vehicles including
electric, hybrid electric, and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. Compared to the conventional HESS design, which uses a larger dc/dc converter
to interface between the ultra- capacitor and the battery/dc link to satisfy the real-time peak power demands ,the proposed design uses a
much smaller dc/dc converter working as a controlled energy pump to maintain the voltage of the Ultra capacitor at a value higher than the
battery voltage for the most city driving conditions. The battery will only provide power directly when the ultra-capacitor voltage drops
below the battery voltage. Therefore, a relatively constant load profile is created for the battery. In addition, the battery is not used to directly
harvest energy from the regenerative braking; thus, the battery is isolated from frequent charges, which will increase the life of the battery.
Simulation result is presented to verify the proposed system.

Key Words—Battery, energy storage, hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), ultra capacitor (UC)

I. INTRODUCTION
Hybrid energy storage system (HESS) is an attractive solution for EV energy storage system (ESS). Compared with the
battery-based ESS, a high rate and efficient charge/discharge capability can be achieved under the accelerating, climbing and
braking conditions [1-6]. Ultra capacitor (UC) is widely presented in the HESS researches because of its high power density
and long life span with over one million cycles. By Connecting the UCs and batteries are in parallel ,the overall performance
can be enhanced in power density and dynamic response [2]. The simplest HESS structure is to parallel UCs and batteries
together, which is classified as passive HESS [6] and shown in Fig.1

Fig 1

. Generally, three concerns should be taken into account in an active HESS design. The first is the energy
utilization of UCs. The energy which the UCs can provide is related with its voltage working range. The
converter needs to provide enough boost ration to exploit the entire working range of the UC. The second is the
limitation with power electronics converter. Power loss, volume and cost problem caused by
extra dc-dc converters impede its implementation in vehicle application [8-10]. Finally, the low battery package
voltage requirement for vehicle application should be considered. To summarize, the trade off between the cost of
power electronics and the performance of the HESS is the main topic in most HESS researches [8-10].
As a common component in all configurations listed in Fig.1, the inverter works as the interface between the
HESS and the electric motor. One solution for the tradeoff mentioned above is by merging the active HESS with
the inverter. In recent researches, the impedance-source-
network-based power converters provide efficient methods
of buck/boost power conversion between sources and loads
[11-12]. Among them, the Z-source converter has
been considered as an attractive case for the vehicle application [13-15]. Firstly, it has the same features of a dc-
dc boosted inverter with single stage as being less complicated and more cost-effective. Secondly, its reliability is
enhanced as the momentary shoot-through in phase can no longer damage the inverter. Finally, the shoot-through
duty cycle and modulation index enable the system to control the motor, regulate battery and UC power
distribution
 simultaneously.

In this paper, a novel ultra capacitor-battery hybrid energy storage system based on the unidirectional Z-Source topology for
the EV is presented. Here I have reduced one number of inductor and one number of MOSFET and add one free wheeling
diode in the dc load side prevent the return supply to the source with this arrangement I have achieved dc output and ac
output voltage using in a single H-Bridge Converter

II. PROPOSED Z-SOURCE HESS

The schematic of the proposed HESS system is shown in Fig.2. in this proposed system a battery and ultra capacitor are
connected in parallel and here with one H Bridge Converter the Dc Voltage converted in to ac and given to the ac RL load
and the same dc voltage is given to the DC R load ,here we are using LED 3 w as a DC R Load
The power distribution commands are generated by the vehicle controller. The motor is controlled by motor drive controller and
the peak motor phase voltage is shown in (1). The UCs get regulated by the Z-source network controller
through S7 and the momentary shoot-through in phase (shoot through action) of the inverter. The battery is paralleled with
C1 and its power will match the difference between UCs and motor.
The principle and characteristic of Z-source have been widely studied in [11-15]. As described in [11,12], the relationship of
the capacitor voltage and the input voltage in
Z-source converter is shown as (2). The UCs voltage is

Fig -2

We have, three concerns has taken into our

account in an active HESS design. The first is the energy utilization of UCs. The energy which the UCs can provide
is related with its voltage working range. The converter needs to provide enough boost ration to exploit the entire
working range of the UC. The second is the limitation with power electronics converter. Power loss, volume and cost
problem caused by extra dc-dc
converters impede its implementation in vehicle application [8-10]. Finally, the low battery package voltage
requirement for vehicle application should be considered. To summarize, the trade off between the cost of power
electronics and the performance of the HESS is the main topic in most HESS researches [8-10].
As a common component in all configurations listed in Fig.1, the inverter works as the interface between the
HESS and the electric motor. One solution for the tradeoff mentioned above is by merging the active HESS with
the inverter. In recent researches, the impedance-source-
network-based power converters provide efficient methods of buck/boost power conversion between
sources and loads
[11-12]. Among them, the Z-source converter has been considered as an attractive case for the
vehicle application [13-15]. Firstly, it has the same features of a dc-dc boosted inverter with single stage as
being less complicated and more cost-effective. Secondly, its reliability is enhanced as the momentary shoot-
through in
phase can no longer damage the inverter. Finally,
the shoot-through duty cycle and modulation index enable the system to control the motor, regulate battery
and UC power distribution simultaneously.

In this paper, a novel ultra capacitor-battery hybrid energy storage system based on the unidirectional Z-Source
topology for the EV is presented. Here I have reduced one number of inductor and one number of MOSFET and
add one free wheeling diode in the dc load side prevent the return supply to the source with this arrangement I
have achieved dc output and ac output voltage using in a single H -Bridge Converter
 Fig.3. Configurations of active HESS (a) Passive parallel hybrid configuration (b) UC/battery configuration (c)
Battery/UC configuration (d) Multiple converter configuration.

III. RESULTS
A) SIMULATION SETUP

Here we have two output as a results and it can be monitored by the control sensor initially in the prototype model we have given
twelve volt
as input and using boost converter we are getting twenty four volt as a output it will be given to
the motor

Inverter input voltage:

inverter output waveform

B)Hardware setup

Using a single H bridge in we are getting two outputs and it wil be given to the two motors like Dc and Ac motor here I am using only
four mosfet and one free wheeling diode for controlling the dc out put and a in a hardware side a Arduino controller is used for fining circuit
and one snubber circuit are reduces with the existing system
IV. CONCLUSION
This paper has proposed an ultracapacitor-battery hybrid energy storage system for EV based on the bi-directional Z-
source topology. Effective ultracapacitor energy utilization is realized owing to the buck/boost characteristic in the Z-
source converter. The battery dc–dc converter can be eliminated in this case. The impendence network provides independent
power routines for the UCs and battery. The asymmetry related to the uneven power distribution is mathematically
excavated. The major operation modes are presented and a control scheme is presented to meet the dynamic response
requirements for energy devices. The instantaneous battery current behavior is also demonstrated. Both the simulation and
the experimental results validate the performance of the proposed HESS. It is also worthwhile to point out that the proposed
method may also be extended to other impedance-source-network-based power converters.

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