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Elastic Potential Function : Elastic Strain Energy per unit undeformed volume d
0
( )
F ( X 0 ) , X 0 = P : F dt = P:F (1)
Since
Fij
= = Fij (2)
Fij t Fij
Then
Pij = (3)
Fij
Since must be invariant under a rigid body rotation, it follows that the is invariant of R and is
only dependent on U . More often, = ( C, X ) where C = U = F F , and thus:
2 T
( F, X ) = ( C, X ) (4)
Since 12 C = E , then
= : C = S : E = 12 S : C (5)
C
S= (6)
E
Stress-Strain Relations in the Material/Langrangian Frame
S = C:E (7)
S S 2 2
C= =2 = =4 (8)
E C EE CC
Defining the following invariants of the Deformation Tensor C
I C = 1 : C II c = C : C III C = C = J 2 (9)
I C II C III C
=1 = 2C = J 2C−1 (10)
C C C
I C II C III C
S=2 +4 +2
I C C II C C III C C
(11)
2 −1
=2 1+ 4 C+2 J C
I C II C III C
2
= 2 J −1 b + 4 J −1 b + 2J I
I C II C III C
(12)
2
= b
J b
( E) = 12 (1 : E) + ( E : E)
2
(13)
S = (1 : E ) 1 + 2 E (14)
C = 1 1 + 2 I (15)
( IC − 3) − ln ( J ) + ln ( J )
2
= (16)
2 2
, where
Incompressible Hyperelasticity
1
2S− :C = 0 (20)
C
ˆ = 1 is given by
Recall that the distortional part F̂ of the deformation gradient F so that F
1
Fˆ = 3 F (21)
J
For incompressible materials, it can also be shown that:
J = (1 : d ) J = 12 JC−1 : C = 0 (22)
1
1
S− = J C−1 (23)
2
C 2
Solve (23) for S gives
S = JC−1 + 2 (24)
C
Note that S can be expressed in terms of volumetric and distortional components as:
S = pJC−1 + S (25)
From which
p = 13 J −1S : C = + 23 J −1 :C (26)
C
Forcing p and to be equal, implies:
:C = 0 (27)
C
( C ) = ( C ) (28)
Using (28)
1
(C) =
3 C
ˆ (C)
ˆ =
C = C ( ) (29)
, where Ĉ is the distortional component of C , and ̂ ( C ) is the elastic strain potential function in
which (27) for any value of C . Substituting (29) into (25) gives
ˆ
S = pJC−1 + 2 (30)
C
ˆ
S = 2 (31)
C
ˆ ( C ) = Iˆ − 3
( ) (33)
C
2
ˆ ( C)
S=2 + pJC−1
C
(34)
=
3 III C
(1 − 1
3 IC C −1
) + pJC −1
σ = p1 + s s = J −5 3 ( b − 13 I b 1) (35)
ˆ +C
C=C (36)
p
ˆ
2 2 1
ˆ
C=4 = 3 I C I − 13 1 C−1 − 13 C−1 1 + 91 C−1 C−1 (37)
C C 3 III C
( JC−1 )
Cp = 2 p = pJ C−1 C−1 − 2I (38)
C
For nearly incompressible
( C) =
ˆ ( C) + U ( J ) (39)
ˆ
U J ˆ
S=2 =2 +2 =2 + pJC−1 (40)
C C J C C
U ( J ) = 12 ( J −1)
2
(41)
dU
p= = ( J − 1) (42)
dJ
Mooney-Rivlin materials
( C ) = 0 ( I C − 3) + 12 1 ( I c − II c − 6 ) (43)
C( ) 0 C (
2 1 c )
ˆ = Iˆ − 3 + 1 Iˆ − IIˆ − 6
c ( ) (44)
HYPERELASTICITY IN PRINCIPAL DIRECTIONS
p
( )
N
( 1 , 2 , 3 ) =
1 + 2 + 3 − 3
p p p
(50)
p =1 p
p
( )
N
( 1 , 2 ) =
− −
1 + 2 + 1 2 − 3
p p p p
(52)
p =1 p
0 0 2 0 0
F = 0 0 C = b = 0 2
0 = J 2 31 (53)
0 0 0 0 2
σ = ( J 2 3 − 1) + ln ( J ) I (55)
J J
p = 13 tr ( σ ) =
J
(J 23
− 1) +
J
ln ( J ) (56)
1 0 1 0 1 + 2 0
F = 0 1 0 C = 1 + 2 0 b = 1 0 (57)
0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1
2 0
= 0 0 p = 2 3 (59)
0 0 0
Example: Simple Shear (Nearly Incompressible)
1 0 1 0 1 + 2 0
F = 0 1 0 C = 1 + 2 0 b = 1 0 (60)
0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1
2 2 3 0
= 3 − 2 0 p=0 (62)
3
0 0 − 2
Example: Pure Dilation (Nearly Incompressible)