Exam

Name___________________________________

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

1) Which of the following BEST describes nutrition? 1)

A) Nutrition is the study of food.
B) Nutrition is an ancient science that dates back to the fourteenth century.
C) Nutrition is the study of the digestion and metabolism of food.
D) Nutrition is the science that studies food and how food nourishes our bodies and influences
our health.

2) Which BEST defines chronic disease? 2)

A) a disease caused by a microorganism
B) a disease that comes on slowly and can persist for years
C) a condition that has a rapid onset and is easily cured
D) a disease of aging

3) Three nutrition-related diseases that are among the top ten causes of death in the U.S. are heart 3)
disease, stroke and
A) osteoporosis. B) pneumonia. C) kidney disease. D) diabetes.

4) The health promotion and disease prevention plan for the U.S. is called 4)
A) Healthy People 2020.
B) the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System.
C) the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA).
D) the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs).

5) Which class of nutrients provides the primary source of energy for our bodies? 5)
A) water B) vitamins C) minerals D) carbohydrates

6) Which element makes protein different from carbohydrate and fat? 6)

A) nitrogen B) carbon C) oxygen D) hydrogen

7) Which of the following is classified as a micronutrient? 7)

A) alcohol B) lipids C) vitamins D) carbohydrates

8) Which of the following are examples of inorganic nutrients? 8)

A) lipids B) minerals C) vitamins D) carbohydrates

9) Which of the following nutrients is organic? 9)

A) iron B) protein C) water D) minerals

10) Kelly consumed a breakfast that contained 85 grams of carbohydrate, 20 grams of protein, and 18 10)
grams of fat. How many kilocalories (kcal) did Kelly eat at breakfast?
A) 1,107 B) 582 C) 917 D) 492

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 11) For dinner, Marcus consumes 255 grams of carbohydrate, 70 grams of protein, and 50 grams of fat. 11)
In addition, Marcus decides that he wants a glass of wine with his meal. If he drinks one glass of
wine containing 8 grams of alcohol, how many total kilocalories (kcal) does he consume in this
meal?
A) 56 B) 1,806 C) 1,675 D) 540

12) Christopher's lunch contains 121 grams of carbohydrate, 40 grams of protein, and 25 grams of fat. 12)
What percent of kilocalories (kcal) in this meal come from fat?
A) 42 percent B) 34 percent C) 26 percent D) 19 percent

13) Which of the following are examples of carbohydrate-rich foods? 13)

A) bacon and eggs B) butter and corn oil
C) beef and pork D) wheat and lentils

14) Which of the following is NOT classified as a lipid? 14)

A) sterol B) glycine C) phospholipid D) triglyceride

15) Which of the following nutrients contains the element nitrogen? 15)
A) carbohydrates B) lipids C) proteins D) water

16) Which of the following nutrients yields the most energy per gram? 16)
A) vitamin B) lipid C) protein D) carbohydrate

17) What are minerals? 17)

A) micronutrients that are broken down easily during digestion
B) micronutrients that are inorganic elements found in a variety of foods
C) micronutrients that are easily destroyed by heat and light
D) macronutrients that do not yield energy

18) Alcohol is not considered a ________ because it does not support the regulation of body functions 18)
or tissue repair or rebuilding.
A) carbohydrate B) nutrient C) wellness factor D) kilocalorie

19) The building blocks of proteins are called 19)

A) nitrogen fragments. B) amino acids.
C) fatty acids. D) saccharides.

20) Which of the following statements is FALSE? 20)

A) Lipids are comprised of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
B) Lipids include triglycerides, phospholipids, and sterols.
C) Lipids yield more Calories per gram than carbohydrate or protein.
D) Lipids are soluble in water.

21) Which of the following is an example of an organic micronutrient? 21)

A) iron B) folate C) calcium D) fat

22) Vitamin C and the B-vitamins are examples of 22)

A) water-soluble vitamins. B) fat-soluble vitamins.
C) trace vitamins. D) nonessential vitamins.

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 23) Which of the following are inorganic nutrients that are NOT broken down by the human body or 23)
destroyed by heat?
A) vitamins B) proteins C) minerals D) fats

24) Which of the following is TRUE about vitamins A, D, E, and K? 24)

A) They are unlikely to build up to toxic levels in the body, even when taken as supplements.
B) They are soluble in fat.
C) They can all be synthesized by the body.
D) They are excreted in the urine.

25) The Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) were originally adopted to prevent 25)
A) nutrient-deficiency diseases. B) acute illnesses.
C) chronic diseases. D) contagious diseases.

26) Which of the following nutrients is classified as a major mineral? 26)

A) copper B) calcium C) iodine D) iron

27) The standard used to estimate the daily nutrient needs of half of all healthy individuals is the 27)
A) AI. B) RDA. C) EAR. D) UL.

28) An RDA is established based on the 28)

A) UL. B) EAR. C) DRI. D) AI.

29) The Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) were established to refocus nutrient recommendations 29)
toward preventing and reducing the risk for
A) poverty. B) chronic diseases.
C) nutrient deficiencies. D) infectious diseases.

30) The average daily nutrient intake level that meets the nutrient requirements of 97 to 98 percent of 30)
healthy individuals is the
A) RDA. B) AI. C) EAR. D) UL.

31) The AMDR for fat is 31)

A) 10-35 percent. B) 45-65 percent.
C) 20-35 percent. D) less than 10 percent.

32) The AMDR for protein is 32)

A) less than 10 percent. B) 20-35 percent.
C) 10-35 percent. D) 45-65 percent.

33) What is a key limitation of most dietary assessment tools? 33)

A) They provide limited information on current nutrient intakes.
B) They are easy to administer.
C) They rely on a person's ability to self-report.
D) Some foods cannot be assessed.

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 34) Before Denise was sent home from the diabetes clinic with a dietary assessment tool, staff trained 34)
her how to use it and gave her explicit take-home instructions. What kind of tool was Denise
probably given?
A) a diet record B) a food-frequency questionnaire
C) a diet history D) a 24-hour recall

35) Josie maintains a normal body weight, but a blood test reveals both vitamin D deficiency and iron 35)
deficiency anemia. Josie's nutritional status is
A) overnutrition only. B) both malnutrition and overnutrition.
C) secondary deficiency. D) both malnutrition and undernutrition.

36) Your friend would like some professional advice on a weight loss program. Which of the following 36)
professionals would be the BEST source of nutrition advice?
A) nutritionist B) registered dietitian (RD)
C) medical doctor (MD) D) PhD in nutrition

37) In malnutrition, a primary deficiency is one in which a person 37)

A) cannot absorb enough of a nutrient.
B) does not have an adequate intake of a nutrient.
C) cannot efficiently utilize a nutrient.
D) excretes too much of a nutrient.

38) Which of the following is NOT considered to be a true anthropometric test factor? 38)
A) waist circumference B) weight
C) height D) body composition

39) Which federal agency conducts the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS)? 39)
A) Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics
B) NIH (National Institutes of Health)
C) USDA (United States Department of Agriculture)
D) CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)

40) What percentage of deaths in the United States can be attributed to unhealthful lifestyle behaviors 40)
such as smoking, alcohol misuse, physical inactivity, and a poor quality diet?
A) 40 to 50 percent B) 25 to 35 percent C) 50 to 60 percent D) 10 to 20 percent

41) Which of the following is the largest organization of food and nutrition professionals in the United 41)
States and the world?
A) CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)
B) NIH (National Institutes of Health)
C) Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics
D) SNE (Society for Nutrition Education)

42) The second step of the scientific method is 42)

A) generating a hypothesis.
B) testing a research question or hypothesis.
C) observation and description of a phenomenon.
D) collecting data.

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 43) A scientific consensus as to why a particular phenomenon occurs is a(n) 43)
A) experiment. B) theory.
C) hypothesis. D) alternate hypothesis.

44) The type of study that is used in assessing nutritional habits, disease trends, and other health 44)
phenomena of large populations, and in determining factors that influence those phenomena, is
called a(n)
A) observational study. B) animal study.
C) case controlled study. D) clinical trial.

45) Dr. Sullivan is conducting a clinical trial to determine if vitamin XX can improve test performance 45)
of students in an introductory college nutrition course. Dr. Sullivan puts all the students' names in
a hat and draws names to determine if they will be placed in the control or the experimental
group. The experimental group receives a capsule of vitamin XX and the control group a "sugar
pill" that tastes and looks identical to the vitamin XX capsule. Neither Dr. Sullivan nor the
participants know who is receiving which treatment. This experiment is BEST described as
A) double-blind, placebo controlled.
B) single-blind, randomized, placebo controlled.
C) double-blind, randomized, placebo controlled.
D) single-blind, randomized.

46) Which of the following terms describes a scientific consensus as to why a particular phenomenon 46)
occurs?
A) a placebo B) a study C) a hypothesis D) a theory

47) Which of the following is considered to be the leading federal agency that protects human health 47)
and safety?
A) Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics
B) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
C) National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)
D) National Institutes of Health (NIH)

48) The measurement unit for the energy derived from food is called a(n) 48)
A) gram. B) kilocalorie. C) protein. D) enzyme.

49) To achieve health equity, eliminate disparities, and improve the health of all population groups is 49)
a stated goal of
A) the Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics.
B) Healthy People 2020.
C) the National Cancer Institute.
D) the Dietary Reference Intakes.

50) The primary source of fuel for the nervous system is 50)
A) cholesterol. B) fat. C) carbohydrate. D) protein.

51) Which of the following is the only inorganic macronutrient? 51)

A) lipids B) water C) carbohydrates D) proteins

52) In proteins, carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen assemble into small building blocks known as 52)
A) enzymes. B) amino acids. C) grams. D) lipoproteins.

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 53) The water-soluble vitamins include the family of B-vitamins and vitamin 53)
A) A. B) K. C) C. D) D.

54) Today, wellness is defined as 54)

A) achieving and maintaining physical health.
B) the absence of disease.
C) an end point goal that exists along a continuum of health.
D) a multidimensional process including physical, emotional, and spiritual health.

55) More than one-third of all American adults are obese. This statistic provides data about what kind 55)
of information?
A) association B) prevalence C) validity D) incidence

56) Trace minerals are those needed in amounts less than ________ mg per day. 56)
A) 50 B) 200 C) 90 D) 100

57) The AMDR for carbohydrate is between 57)

A) 30 and 50 percent of total energy intake. B) 45 and 65 percent of total energy intake.
C) 15 and 25 percent of total energy intake. D) 60 and 80 percent of total energy intake.

58) Which of the following refers to a nutritional status in which a person consumes too much energy 58)
or too much of a given nutrient over time?
A) undernutrition B) hypernutrition
C) nutrient toxicity D) overnutrition

59) One of the most important points to consider when assessing the reliability of a media report is the 59)
issue of
A) the journalist's education. B) conflict of interest.
C) availability. D) how widely it is quoted.

60) In the scientific method, the possible explanation or research question is called the 60)
A) observation. B) conclusion. C) hypothesis. D) theory.

61) Seth took part in a clinical trial in which he was given a month's supply of medication to treat his 61)
headaches. At the end of the month, he reported to his doctor that the pills had reduced both the
frequency and intensity of his pain. Unknown to Seth or to his doctor was the fact that Seth had
been given pills with no active ingredient. The phenomenon of improved symptoms that Seth
experienced is commonly known as the
A) placebo effect. B) study participant bias.
C) bias toward improvement. D) experimental result.

62) A respected medical researcher reviewed the results of three clinical trials provided by Drug 62)
Maker X to the FDA to support their claim that their medication had proven clinical effectiveness
in improving symptoms of depression. The review found that the drug maker had failed to report
findings that their medication was not effective, and faulted the drug maker for
A) lack of transparency. B) fraud.
C) carelessness. D) conflict of interest.

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 TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false.

63) Food and nutrition mean the same thing. 63)

64) Wellness is defined as the absence of disease. 64)

65) Currently, the leading cause of death in the United States is heart disease. 65)

66) Nutrients are chemical substances. 66)

67) An organic substance contains the elements carbon and hydrogen. 67)

68) A kilocalorie is a measurement of the potential of a food or beverage to promote weight gain. 68)

69) Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins are the only nutrients that provide energy. 69)

70) Alcohol is a nutrient that provides 7 kilocalories per gram. 70)

71) If your total daily Caloric intake is 2,310 kcals and 88 grams come from fat, then your percent of 71)
kcal from fat meets the AMDR.

72) Cholesterol is a lipid synthesized within the body. 72)

73) The primary role of protein is to provide energy for the body. 73)

74) A gram of triglyceride contains more oxygen and more water than a gram of carbohydrate. 74)

75) Fat-soluble vitamins are considered nonessential because the human body needs them in 75)
relatively small amounts and can synthesize them in the liver.

76) The Dietary Reference Intakes are used in Canada, the United States, and Mexico. 76)

77) Beriberi is a bacterium that causes a fatal nerve disease. 77)

78) By the mid-nineteenth century, some nutrients had been identified. 78)

79) The Adequate Intake is a DRI that applies only to children, pregnant women, and malnourished 79)
populations.

80) Water is an organic nutrient. 80)

81) The UL is the level of nutrient intake we should attempt to consume daily. 81)

82) The Estimated Energy Requirement (EER) is a nutrient standard used to approximate the energy 82)
needs of growing infants and children.

83) The AMDR for vitamins is 15-25 percent. 83)

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 84) A physician or nurse would be more likely to perform a vital signs assessment than a Registered 84)
Dietitian.

85) Starvation is an example of a secondary nutritional deficiency. 85)

86) The purpose of a scientific experiment is to test a hypothesis. 86)

87) A personal testimonial from a molecular biologist about the effectiveness of a dietary supplement 87)
would be considered a highly reliable source of nutrition information.

88) Mr. Jones, a high school football coach, has developed a new remedy that he claims will cure the 88)
common cold. He has not conducted clinical trials of his remedy, but on the website where he sells
it, he provides over a dozen testimonials from people around the United States testifying to its
effectiveness. Mr. Jones is practicing quackery.

SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.

89) Compare and contrast the earliest nutritional discoveries to current trends in nutrition 89)
research and health promotion. What are some key reasons why the focus has shifted?

90) Describe the various ways in which wellness is defined. Discuss how nutrition is related to 90)
wellness and overall health.

91) What is the significance and what are the goals of the Healthy People 2020 initiative? 91)
Describe how the role of nutrition is underscored in them.

92) The Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) for most nutrients consist of three of the following 92)
four values: Estimated Average Requirement (EAR), Recommended Dietary Allowances
(RDA), Adequate Intake (AI), and Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL). Explain what each
of these values represents.

93) Compare and contrast the four primary types of dietary intake tools. What are the 93)
respective strengths and limitations of the different tools?

94) List and describe the characteristics of a well-designed clinical trial. 94)

95) Describe the various approaches consumers can use to evaluate the truth and reliability of 95)
media reports and other sources of nutritional information.

96) List at least four sources of reliable and accurate nutrition information and state why they 96)
are trustworthy.

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 Answer Key
Testname: UNTITLED1

1) D
2) B
3) D
4) A
5) D
6) A
7) C
8) B
9) B
10) B
11) B
12) C
13) D
14) B
15) C
16) B
17) B
18) B
19) B
20) D
21) B
22) A
23) C
24) B
25) A
26) B
27) C
28) B
29) B
30) A
31) C
32) C
33) C
34) A
35) D
36) B
37) B
38) D
39) D
40) C
41) C
42) A
43) B
44) A
45) C
46) D
47) B
48) B
49) B
50) C
9

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 Answer Key
Testname: UNTITLED1

51) B
52) B
53) C
54) D
55) B
56) D
57) B
58) D
59) B
60) C
61) A
62) A
63) FALSE
64) FALSE
65) TRUE
66) TRUE
67) TRUE
68) FALSE
69) TRUE
70) FALSE
71) TRUE
72) TRUE
73) FALSE
74) FALSE
75) FALSE
76) FALSE
77) FALSE
78) TRUE
79) FALSE
80) FALSE
81) FALSE
82) FALSE
83) FALSE
84) TRUE
85) FALSE
86) TRUE
87) FALSE
88) TRUE
89) Answers will vary.
90) Answers will vary.
91) Answers will vary.
92) Answers will vary.
93) Answers will vary.
94) Answers will vary.
95) Answers will vary.
96) Answers will vary.

10

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