Professional Documents
Culture Documents
• Message
• Media
• Receiver
• Encoding
• Decoding
• Response
• Feedback
• Noise
Buyer-Readiness Stages
• Awareness
• Knowledge
• Liking
• Preference
• Conviction
• Purchase
Rational appeals
Emotional appeals
Moral appeals
Percentage-of-Sales Method
Competitive-Parity Method
Objective-and-Task Method
l budget
• Promotion Tools
• Advertising
• Personal Selling
• Sales Promotion
• Public Relations
• Direct Marketing
1. Advertising
.Reaches large, geographically dispersed audiences, often with
high frequency
.Dramatizes company/brand
2.Personal Selling
• Most effective tool for building buyers’ preferences, convictions,
and actions
• Personal interaction allows for feedback and adjustments
• Relationship-oriented
• Short-lived
4.PUBLIC RELATION
• Highly credible
5.DIRECT MARKETING
• Many forms: Telephone marketing, direct mail, online
marketing, etc.
Nonpublic
Immediate
Customized
Interactive
Personal Selling
Business-to-business selling