Pronunciation of the simple past -ed

Pronounce / id / after / t / Pronounce / d / after all Pronounce / t / after all

and / d /. voiced consonant voiceless consonant
sounds: / b, g, j, l, m, n, sounds: / f, k, p, sh, ch,
r, v, z / and after vowels s, x, /, except / t /.
/ a, e, i, o, u / , except / d
/.
Ed as “ID” Ed as “D” "Ed" as “T”
 accepted  needed  advised  killed  asked  looked
 afforded  painted (ad’vaiz) +  listened  baked  missed
 arrested  planted d  lived  brushed  mixed
 attended  presented  agreed  loved  cooked  packed
 collected  pretended  allowed  measured  cracked  passed
 contacted  printed  answered  moved  crashed  picked
 counted  protected  appeared  opened  danced  pressed
 decided  provided  arrived  planned (da:ns)  pronounced
 defended  rented  believed  played +t  pushed
 demanded  repeated  belonged  performed  dressed  relaxed
 divided  reported  burned  pulled  dropped  shopped
 ended  respected  called  rained  escaped  slipped
 expanded  rested  carried  realized  smoked
 expected  scolded  changed  remembered  finished  stopped
 exported  shouted  cleaned  repaired  fixed  talked
 flooded  skated  closed  saved  guessed  typed
 graduated  started  covered  shared  helped  walked
 hated  treated  cried  shaved  hiked  washed
 hunted  visited  damaged  showed  hoped  watched
 included  waited  described  signed  joked  worked
 invented  wanted  died  slammed  jumped
 invited  wasted  dried  stayed  kissed
 landed  earned  snowed  knocked
 encouraged  studied
 enjoyed  traveled
 entered  tried
 explained  turned
 explored  used
 filled  welcomed
 followed  whispered
  worried
 yawned
 Pronunciation of the simple past -ed

After unvoiced sounds such

After voiced sounds such as b, g
, v, z, , m, n, ŋ, l, , and r
as p, f, s, k, , and
pronounced like t pronounced like d pronounced like d pronounced like id
IPA Base Simple past IPA Base form Simple past IPA Base form Simple past IPA Base form Simple past
form
p Help helped B grab Grabbed stay stayed add added

f Stuff stuffed G hug Hugged free freed grade graded

Laugh laughed V save Saved lie lied

S miss missed Z ooze Oozed hoe hoed decide decided

Dice Diced please Pleased sue sued

Fix Fixed Ʒ massage Massaged ski skied exit exited

K look looked dƷ rage Raged snow snowed taste tasted

S fish fished M resume Resumed try tried object objected

Ts march Marched n sign Signed

Ŋ bang Banged
L peel Peeled
𝝏 breathe breathed
R honor honored