Project Title:

“Oil Consumption In Knitting Machine”

Project supervisor:

Prof. Akber Ali Affandi

Project Team:

Students of batch 12th

 Ghulam Mohiuddin
(12-TE-18)
 Muhammad Daniyal Usman
(12-TE-45)
 Muhammad Rashid
(12-TE-53)
 Muhammad Saeed
(12-TE-55)
 Muhammad Tariq
(12-TE-61)

OIL CONSUMPTION IN KNITTING MACHINE

 Certificate
This is to certify that the following group of students of final semester of college of
Textile Engineering was examined on as per
requirement of degree of Bachelor of Textile Engineering, batch 2006-2010 (Fall)
prescribed by Hamdard University. The report was studied and the following board
conducted viva.
Each student has successfully performed about this specific segment of the project
and overall view of the project assigned was found to be excellent.

Title:
“Oil Consumption In Knitting Machine”

Project Assessment Board

• Dr. Ahmad Niaz ---------------------------------

Professor
Head of board

• Mr. Abdul Rahim Fakih ---------------------------------

Associate Professor
(Head of textile department)
Member

• Mr. Fazal Ur Rehman ----------------------------------

Associate Professor
Member

• Mr. Fakir Muhammad ---------------------------------

Associate Professor
Member

• Mr. Akber Ali Affandi ----------------------------------

Associate Professor
Member

• Mr. Abdur Rasheed Johar ----------------------------------

Associate Professor
Member / Secretary

OIL CONSUMPTION IN KNITTING MACHINE

 CONTENTS

Acknowledgement 1
Abstract 2
Introduction 3

Main Parts and Important Parameters of Circular Knit M/c 4

Feeder 5
Oiler 5
Latch Needle 5
Needle Sensor 6
Cam Box 6
Cylinder 7
Gauge 7
Raw Material 7
Fabric winding 8
Fluff Removal 8

Machine Specifications 9

Oil Collection of Circular Knit Machine 10

Background of Invention 11
Summary of the Invention 12

Different Brand Lubricants 13

Textol Brand 14
List of Textol Grades 15
Advantages of Oil 16
Scourable Knitting Oil 17
Premium Spindle Oil, Multi Purpose Fluid 18
Synol Knitting Oil, Knitting Washable Oil 19
Witcol Knitting Oil 20

Lubricating Composition 21
Background of the Invention 22

Conclusion 25

OIL CONSUMPTION IN KNITTING MACHINE

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

“All Praise to the Almighty ALLAH who is The Most

Beneficent Most Merciful.”

This project can’t become a reality without the

support, assistance and cooperation of Prof. Akber
Ali Affandi. We therefore extremely thankful to him
for his expert help.
We also thankful to our respected teachers of
SFDAC who guide us in our studying and mold us,
such that we can survive in the
TEXTILE INDUSTRY.

OIL CONSUMPTION IN KNITTING MACHINE

 ABSTRACT
Oiling and greasing is the most important property for any machine to run it in
a good manner like engine of any vehicle requires oil for its mileage as well as
if oiling of any machine is carried out in a proper way then machine gives its
maximum run up. The aim of this study was to investigate oil/lubricant
consumption in knitting machine, special oil is used that composes of 70%
different chemicals and 30% common oil that run in two important parts of the
machine firstly to secure them from damage, to begin with remove the faults
that occur on fabric by oil. We discussed circular knitting machine here for
explaining our goal, in addition we also saw cost factor, properties, advantages
and disadvantages of different brand lubricants.

OIL CONSUMPTION IN KNITTING MACHINE

INTRODUCTION:
The study of “Oil consumption in knitting machine” is found to be quite
interesting to us. We performed this project in “Muslim Cotton Mill” that is
situated at S.I.T.E area Karachi. We used to go Knit department of MCM on a
regular basis to investigate our project. There were 15 Circular Knitting
Machines, 3 machines were of Double Jersey and 12 were of Single Jersey.
Single Jersey and Double Jersey are construction of fabric.

Initially, We discussed main parts of circular knitting and important parameters

on which construction of fabric depends like Oiler, Feeder, Latch needle,
Needle sensor, Cylinder, Gauge, Diameter, Oil collection system of Circular
Knitting machine, so on and so forth. After that, we described different brand
lubricants/Oil, their Properties and advantages for the alternatives of Local oil
because Oiling is the most important property for knitting machines, In them
oil is not only used to maintain engines where as a special lubricant is used in
parts of machine in which 70% chemicals are present as described above.

In continuation to that, we worked on Circular knitting machine lubricating

composition that what type of chemicals are present in knitting oil that differs
the knitting oil from common oil. There are also some disadvantages of
Knitting oil that we saw by analyzing various factors.

We hope that this study proof to be fruitful for Muslim Cotton Mill and all the
students.

OIL CONSUMPTION IN KNITTING MACHINE

 MAIN PARTS AND
IMPORTANT PARAMETERS
OF CIRCULAR KNITTING
MACHINE

OIL CONSUMPTION IN KNITTING MACHINE

FEEDERS:

Feeders are the number of yarn ends feed to circular knitting machine, in single
knit machines at site there are 54 feeders and in double knit 60 feeders.

MPF feeders are used for opening the cotton yarns, while

MER feeders are used for opening the Lycra, due to its high stretch ability.

MPF, knitting head & take down are synchronized with each other.

OILER:
In our project, oiler is the most important part of Circular knitting machine
because the oil present in it goes to two important parts of the machine on
which construction of the fabric depend, Cam(in which needles run) and the
Sinker that pulls the loop.
~ 8 pipes separately go to Cam and Sinker.
~ 1.5l is stored in oiler in MCM per machine.
~ Oil 250 Rs per liter.
~ 24 hours running time.
~ 62.5 ml per hour oil consumption per machine.

LATCH NEEDLE:

OIL CONSUMPTION IN KNITTING MACHINE

The needle shown is a latch needle, the hook is use to draw and retain the new
loop. The latch is an extension blade and bridges the gap between the hook and
shank when closed. These latch needles perform knitting action as passes
through the cams. These are commonly used in single jersey & double jersey.
Single Jersey fabric is made with combination of latch needle & sinker. While
the double jersey fabric made with the combination of two latch needles of
different sizes. Dial cam needle is shorter than cam.

NEEDLE SENSOR:

Needle sensor is a device which is used for sensing the needles in knitting
machines. If any of the needle breaks during construction of fabric the sensor
stops the machine immediately so that the damaged needle can be stuck out
easily and new needle can be inserted for fabric formation.

CAM BOX:

Cam box have three actions.

1. Tuck.
2. Miss.
3. Knit.
In cam, butt of needles moves according to the provided cam action which are
describe above.

OIL CONSUMPTION IN KNITTING MACHINE

CYLINDER:

It’s a circular cylinder having `cut` on its surface, as per machine gauge.
Cylinder is a parking place of needle.

Different cylinder of different gauges and diameter were stored in cylinder

storage room, these cylinders are mounted on the machine and are used as per
gauge and diameter requirement.

GAUGE:

Number of needles/inch, number parking wall & distance between needle or

parking wall is called Gauge. If number of needles per inch are greater than
fabric will be finer.

Different gauges
20 E English Gauges.
20 EE German Gauge.
20 G American Gauge.
20 GG British Gauge.
20( ½) E no. of needles at half gauge.
Type of gauge depends on the type of fabric to be produced.
Example: 7E is used for Sweaters.
40E is used for medical, sports, body fitted fabric.

Gauges Which MCM Are Using

24E Single jersey fabric.
18E Double jersey
28E Double jersey with Lycra.

RAW MATERIAL:

OIL CONSUMPTION IN KNITTING MACHINE

Normally cotton yarn of 30, 20, 26 Ne were running, and spandex of 20, 40D
were running at the machines.

FABRIC WINDING SYSTEM:

The fabric which is constructed by pure cotton is wound by the help of take
down motion.
The fabric in which Lycra is used for its construction is stored in pile or plated
form, for preventing the permanent crease on fabric.

FLUFF REMOVING ARRANGEMENT:

Fans are installed at the top of the machine which move in the circular motion
in order to remove move fluff from the needles and feeders.

COMPRESSED AIR SYSTEM:

Compressed air is used to cool down the heated parts of machine such as cams,
needles and cylinder, the air is conditioned by removing moisture, trash
particles. Filtered air is thrown inside the moving mechanical part to absorb the
heat dissipated.

OIL AND HOT WATER CIRCULATION SYSTEM:

Oil and hot water system is used with pressurized air in order to reduce the
friction of the moving parts of machine.

FAULTS INSPECTION:

There are the following faults occur during fabric formation,

1. Oil spot ( which is removed by TTI chemical )
2. Broken yarn
3. Stripes
4. Knitted fluff

PRODUCTION:

The production of knitting machines is influence by many factors like machine

r p m, no. of feeders; yarn count etc. at Muslim Cotton mill the production rate
was about 10-15 kg averagely.

OIL CONSUMPTION IN KNITTING MACHINE

 MACHINES SPECIFICATIONS

1st Machine:
Machine name = Pai lung
Fabric construction = Single jersey
Raw material = Cotton
Yarn count = 30s
Gauge = 28E
Cylinder dia = 24
Feeder = 102f
Model = PL-XS3B/A
Gsm = 135
Rpm = 30
Needles = 2124

2nd Machine:
Machine name = Pai lung
Fabric construction = Double knit
Raw material = Cotton
Yarn count = 30s
Gauge = 18E
Cylinder dia = 30
Feeder = 60f
Model = PL-XR2B
Rpm = 30
Needles = 1692

3rd Machine:
Machine name = Pai lung
Fabric construction = Single jersey
Raw material = Cotton
Yarn count = 40s
Lycra = 20 denier
Gauge = 24E
Cylinder dia = 30
Feeder = 90f
Model = PL-XS2b
Rpm = 30

OIL CONSUMPTION IN KNITTING MACHINE

Needles = 2256

OIL COLLECTION OF CIRCULAR

KNITTING MACHINE SYSTEM
A circular knitting machine is provided and includes a cylinder, a gear ring
supporting and rotating the cylinder, a cam holder, a cam ring supporting the
cam holder and a bed supporting the cam ring and the gear ring, and further
including an oil collection system for controlling and collecting leaked oil to
prevent the oil from staining the fabric being knit. The oil collection system
includes a protrusion-free lower surface on said gear ring that is inclined
outwardly and downwardly, a chamber in said bed for containing machine
parts, an oil collecting cavity in the bed underneath the inclined surface of the
gear ring and a reclamation pipe for reclaiming collected oil.

Means For Collecting Oil From Said

Gear Ring For Reclamation
 A knitting machine according to claim 1 wherein said lower surface of said
gear ring is inclined at an inclination within the range of about 1° to 8° from
horizontal.

 A knitting machine according to claim 2 wherein said lower surface of said

gear ring has an inclination within the range of about 3° to 5° from
horizontal.

 A knitting machine according to claim 1 wherein said oil collecting means

includes an oil collecting cavity in said bed underneath an outer portion of
said gear ring, a reclamation pipe communicatively connected to said oil
collecting cavity and means on said lower surface of said gear ring above
said oil collecting cavity for causing leaked oil running on said inclined
lower surface of said gear ring to drip there from into said oil collecting
cavity.

 A knitting machine according to claim 4, including at least one drain

opening in said gear ring from an upper surface of said gear ring to the
lower surface thereof immediately above said oil collecting cavity whereby

OIL CONSUMPTION IN KNITTING MACHINE

 any leaked oil on said upper surface of said gear ring will drain through said
opening into said oil collecting cavity.

 A knitting machine according to claim 1 wherein said gear ring is attached

to said cylinder by fasteners located in counter bores in said lower surface.

 A knitting machine according to claim 6, including oil leak preventing caps

positioned in said counter bores and sealing said counter bores to prevent
the leakage of oil there from.

 A knitting machine according to claim 1 wherein said bed has a chamber

for containing knitting machine parts, said chamber having a concave
bottom and a drain opening in said bed from said concave bottom of said
chamber to the lower surface of said bed, and including a reclamation pipe
communicatively connected to said drain opening whereby any oil
collecting in said chamber drains through said drain opening into said
reclamation pipe.

 In a circular knitting machine including a cylinder, a cam holder, a cam ring

supporting said cam holder and a bed supporting the cylinder and cam ring,
the improvement comprising a chamber in said bed for containing machine
parts and having a concave bottom, a drain in said bed from said concave
bottom of said chamber and a lower surface of said bed, and means for
collecting oil from said drain for reclamation thereof.

Background Of The Invention

Circular knitting machines have a multiplicity of moving parts, such as needles,
sinkers, jacks, selectors, control cams, etc., that are necessary for knitting a
fabric. These parts are mounted in compact spaces in close proximity to each
other and since they operate at high speed, it is necessary to lubricate them by
the application of oil thereto.

Since the knitted fabric is taken down inside the rotating cylinder and is
flattened and wound on a take-up roll beneath the cylinder, oil stains on the
knitted fabric is a too frequent problem, which significantly reduces or
depreciates the value of the knitted fabric resulting in financial loss to the
fabric manufacturer. Such oil leaks occur by oil running down the cylinder and
along the gear ring and dripping there from onto the fabric roll and by oil
collecting on the cam ring and running along the upper surface of the bed
supporting the cam ring and dripping onto the fabric inside the machine
through holes for wiring and piping.

OIL CONSUMPTION IN KNITTING MACHINE

Attempts at solving this problem have been proposed previously, but have not
been successful or have created additional problems or have effected adversely
the operation of the knitting machine. One example of a proposed attempt is the
provision of an oil pan inside the knitting machine below the gear ring and bed.
Because space is very scarce in a circular knitting machine, the space occupied
by such an oil pan means that the ease of operation of the knitting machine is
sacrificed. Also, it is very difficult to remove oil from the pan and to remove
the pan for cleaning. Consequently, this proposal has not been found to be a
realistic solution to the problem.

A very common practice is to attempt to have a worker wipe off the oil as it
leaks and before it drips onto the fabric. It can readily be appreciated that
timing in such an endeavor is critical and results have been poor.

Summary Of The Invention

With the foregoing in mind, it is an object of the present invention to provide
an oil collection system that effectively removes and reclaims leaked oil and
thereby prevents the fabric from being stained.

This object of the present invention is accomplished by providing a simple and

effective oil collection system which controls and directs the oil once it reaches
the gear ring to a collection means located on the inner side of the bed. The
collected oil in the collection means is removed and piped to a reclaiming
container outside the knitting machine.

OIL CONSUMPTION IN KNITTING MACHINE

 DIFFERENT BRAND
LUBRICANTS, PROPERTIES
AND ADVANTAGES

OIL CONSUMPTION IN KNITTING MACHINE

SCOURABLE KNITTING OIL
INCO® SNO 923 is a specially formulated premium knitting oil, especially
designed for the lubrication of needles of knitting machines to provide long life
and extremely low friction performance. It is non-staining oil that does not
leave any carbonaceous deposit and due to its excellent lubricity, it reduces the
power requirement of the drives. Its mild anti-static and anti-rust properties
make it suitable for use in high-speed knitting.

APPLICATIONS:
INCO® SNO 923 is versatile needle oil for all types of circular knitting
machines. It is also suitable for texturizing, winding and stitching machinery
employed in Textile and Polyester industries.

BENEFITS:
INCO® SNO 923 is non-staining oil that can be very easily scoured away.
INCO® SNO 923 is self-cleaning oil with anti-static and anti-rust properties.
Does not leave any carbonaceous deposit.
Keeps needles shiny by preventing tarnishing.

SUPER SCOURABLE KNITTING OIL

INCO® SNO 926 is the supreme Scourable Knitting Oil and is a specially
formulated premium knitting oil to meet the requirements of lower
temperature, to provide long life and extremely low friction performance. It
reduces the power requirement of the drivers and temperature as well.

APPLICATIONS:
INCO® SNO 926 is versatile needle oil for all types of circular knitting
machines. It is also suitable for texturizing, winding and stitching machinery
employed in Textile and Polyester industries.

BENEFITS:
OIL CONSUMPTION IN KNITTING MACHINE
INCO® SNO 926 is non-staining oil that can be very easily scoured away.
INCO® SNO 926 is self-cleaning oil with anti-static and anti-rust properties.
Does not leave any carbonaceous deposit.
Keeps needles shiny by preventing tarnishing.

PREMIUM SPINDLE OIL

INCO® SPINDLE OILS SPO 445 are specially formulated from highly refined
lubricating oils for use in high speed bearings running at speeds of 20,000 to
40,000 rpm, found in textile spinning frames and in other automated machine
tools. It is available in two ISO viscosity grades of 10 and 22.
INCO® SPINDLE OILS SPO445 can also be used in some low pressure
hydraulic, circulation systems and air line oilers where the appropriate
viscosity grade is selected as per requirements. Premium quality, low viscosity
base oils and additives are used to produce INCO® SPINDLE OILS SPO445
which can provide excellent oxidation stability, protection from rust and
corrosion. It contains anti-wear properties helping to extend equipment life.

APPLICATIONS:
~ Textile Industry machineries like Spinning Frame, Twister Spindles etc.
~ Automatic machine tools where operating speeds are exceeding 10,000 rpm.
~ Hydraulic applications where low viscosity oils are recommended.
~ Air line oilers (ISO VG22).

BENEFITS:
~ Excellent lubrication for textile equipment and machine tools.
~ Superior stability against oxidation and excellent rust protection.
~ Non-corrosiveness to metals.
~ Excellent anti-wear properties.

MULTIPURPOSE FLUID
INCO® MPF 433 is an excellent multi-purpose fluid that has very good
lubricating properties. It removes squeaking noise and relieves sticking parts
and components. It can be used in various places, machineries both in industry
and household.

Applications:

OIL CONSUMPTION IN KNITTING MACHINE

INCO® MPF 433, is used in various industrial light machinery, household
machinery and equipments, motorcycles, sports and garden equipments. It is
multipurpose that lubricates, penetrates, removes rust, anti-corrosive, protects
from freezing and also cleans the parts.

SYNOL ECOKNIT
Specialty Knitting Oil
It is specially formulated economic Knitting oil, especially designed for the
lubrication of needles of older & slower knitting machines to provide long life
and extremely low friction performance. It is a non-staining synthetic oil which
does not leave any carbonaceous deposit and due to its excellent lubricity, it
reduces the power requirement of the drives. Its mild anti-static and anti-rust
properties make it suitable for use in high speed knitting, texturizing & winding
machinery employed in Textile and Polymer industries.

Benefits:
1) A non-staining oil and self-cleaning oil with anti-static and anti-rust
properties.
2) Does not leave any carbonaceous deposit.
3) Keeps needles shiny by preventing tarnishing.
4) Reduces the power consumption by reducing friction.
5) Reduces operating temperature of knitting machines.

Packing:
25-Litre Drum & 200-Litre Drum.

PREMIUM KNITTING OIL

SPECIFICATIONS:
Premium quality TEXTILE / KNITTING MACHINE OIL.
Light yellow color, ISO VG 20 (any viscosity can be made to order), fully
water washable, non-staining, non-misting, with rust & corrosion protection,
anti-wear treated, high viscosity index.
Price: USD 400.00 per drum.

KNITTING WASHABLE OIL

OIL CONSUMPTION IN KNITTING MACHINE
SPECIFICATIONS:

PRODUCT AIM:
Fiber knit-oil is specially designed as high quality washable lubricating oil for
KNITTING machine.

PROPERTIES:
- It is specially formulated washable oil for KNITTING machine considering
the critical needs of Textile fabrics.
- Protect fabric from staining, as the oil is completely washable.
- Contain special additives for anti-rusting, antistatic and anticorrosion.
- Being readily washable does not interfere with dyeing processes.
- Imparts a pressure resistance film on the moving parts of the machine for
there safeguard and improves running performance of the machine.

Witcol Knitting Oil

SPECIFICATIONS:
In knitting machine, where the needles move at very high speeds, lubricity is
essential to cool the needles and to increase its service life. WITCOL
KNITWELL & KNIT, are specially formulated from high quality base oils and
fortified with selected additives to provide anti-wear, anti-foam, anti-corrosive
and anti-oxidant properties."WITCOL" KNITWELL & KNIT is a non-staining
and washable type lubricants and recommended for needle lubrication of high
speed knitting machine.

OIL CONSUMPTION IN KNITTING MACHINE

Circular Knitting Machine
Lubricating Composition

OIL CONSUMPTION IN KNITTING MACHINE

Composition:
A lubricating composition that is uniquely designed for the lubrication of
textile machinery such as a circular knitting machine comprises a lubricating
oil containing zinc oxide as an antiwear agent. The zinc oxide is incorporated
in the lubricating oil composition by first preparing an additive concentrate
wherein up to 10 weight percent of zinc oxide has been dispersed in a
lubricating oil using as a dispersing agent zinc naphthenate, magnesium
naphthenate or mixtures thereof. The lubricating composition also preferably
contains an oiliness agent, an antioxidant and an extreme pressure agent. The
zinc naphthenate or magnesium naphthenate not only serves to suspend the
zinc oxide but also imparts scourability to the composition, thereby aiding in
the removal of the lubricant from the textile processed by the textile machinery.

Background Of The Invention

This invention relates to an improved lubricating composition that is uniquely
designed for the lubrication of small machine parts that operate at high speeds
where it is necessary that the parts must be protected against high rates of wear
and frictional power losses must be minimized, and where the oil must not
damage the material being handled by the machine. Thus, the lubricating
composition is particularly useful for textile machinery and still more
particularly for the lubrication of a circular knitting machine, e.g. one used in
the manufacture of seamless stockings. The invention also concerns a lubricant
additive concentrate that is adapted for formulation of a finished lubricant
composition of the invention.
In the manufacture of certain textile goods such as stockings, circular knitting
machines are used. A representative machine of this type has a knitting head
which may be briefly described as follows: The knitting head has a cylinder of
steel about 5 inches in diameter, the wall of the cylinder being about one-half
inch in thickness and provided with a large number of vertical slots distributed
around the periphery of the cylinder. Each of these slots, which is about 32nd
of an inch thick, receives a needle that moves rapidly up and down in the slot
during the knitting operation. The knitting head is lubricated with an automatic
lubricating device which feeds measured amounts of lubricant onto the moving
parts. This lubricant is not recirculated and some of it necessarily finds its way
onto the textile being knitted and thus must be later washed out of the knitted
product. Thus, the lubricant for the knitting machine must have adequate
scourability so that it can be removed from the textile. Other properties of the

OIL CONSUMPTION IN KNITTING MACHINE

lubricant that are desired include rust inhibition, low coefficient of friction,
good oxidation resistance and good load-carrying capabilities. Adequate load-
carrying and antiwear properties in the lubricant are needed because of the
large number of moving surfaces that require lubrication. Friction losses must
be low in order to reduce frictional heat and to reduce the tremendous power
load encountered during the start-up of the machinery.
In accordance with the present invention, zinc oxide is used as the antiwear and
load-carrying agent because zinc oxide will not stain the textiles. Furthermore,
in the present invention the zinc oxide is maintained in suspension in the
lubricant by means of an eminently stable suspending agent and by means of a
novel procedure for preparing the zinc oxide suspension. More particularly, the
zinc oxide is first suspended as a concentrate in a lubricating oil with the aid of
zinc napthenate, magnesium naphthenate or mixtures of the two and the
concentrate is thereafter blended into the finished lubricating composition in
the desired concentration. It is not possible to prepare a finished lubricant of
this nature that will be satisfactory by simply dispersing zinc oxide in the
mixture of other components of the finished lubricant because the zinc oxide
will tend to settle out of the mixture. It is thus necessary to first prepare the
described concentrate. In a preferred aspect of the invention the zinc oxide is
first coated with a zinc salt of a lower fatty acid before preparing the
concentrate.
The essential component of a textile machine lubricant of the present invention
is a suspension of zinc oxide in a mineral lubricating oil. The zinc oxide is of
microscopic particle size of the order of about 0.02 to 0.25 micron and has a
surface area of from about 5 to 25 square meters per gram. Preferably, the zinc
oxide is treated with a C 2 to C 4 carboxylic acid to form a zinc salt on its
surface, e.g. zinc propionate as taught in U.S. Pat. No. 2,303,330, and thereby
aid in the dispersion of the zinc oxide.
The amount of zinc oxide in the additive concentrate will range from about 0.1
to about 10 weight percent, preferably from about 0.5 to 5 weight percent. To
maintain the zinc oxide in suspension in the concentrate as well as in the
finished lubricant, there is employed in the concentrate from about 0.5 to about
50 weight percent, preferably from about 1 to about 30 weight percent, of
either zinc naphthenate or magnesium naphthenate or mixtures thereof. These
metal naphthenates are prepared from petroleum naphthenic acids. The
preferred naphthenic acids are those having molecular weights of from about
200 to about 350 and neutralization numbers of from about 150 to 230. A
convenient procedure for dispersing the zinc oxide in the concentrate is to place
the zinc oxide, metal naphthenate and lubricating oil in a ball mill and run the
ball mill for from about 1 to 2 hours.

To prepare the finished textile machine lubricating oil the zinc oxide
concentrate and the other desired components of the lubricant are incorporated
in the desired base stock by simple mixing. The finished composition will
contain from about 0.5 to about 5 weight percent of the zinc oxide concentrate
along with other desired components such as an antioxidant, e.g. a zinc dialkyl

OIL CONSUMPTION IN KNITTING MACHINE

dithiophosphate, phenyl-alpha-naphthylamine tertiarybutyl paracresol, or the
like, an oiliness agent such as oleic acid or zinc oleate, and an extreme pressure
agent such as sulfurized sperm oil, tricresyl phosphate or the like. A
particularly preferred composition will contain, in addition to the zinc oxide
concentrate dispersion, from about 0.1 to about 2 weight percent of a zinc
dialkyl dithiophosphate, from about 0.2 to 1.5 weight percent of oleic acid, and
from about 1 to about 5 weight percent of sulfurized sperm oil. The zinc dialkyl
dithiophosphate will comprise one or more oil-soluble dithiophosphates
wherein the alkyl groups have from about three to 18 carbon atoms, e.g. a
mixture obtained from mixed isopropanol and methyl isobutyl carbinol, a
mixture of amyl alcohols and technical lauryl alcohol, etc. The sulfurized
sperm oil can be one containing from about 5 to 35 weight percent sulfur,
preferably 8 to 20 per cent sulfur.
The zinc naphthenate or magnesium naphthenate that is present in the finished
composition not only keeps the zinc oxide in suspension, but also imparts
washability or scourability, thus aiding in the removal of any of the lubricant
that gets picked up by the textile being processed by the textile machine.
The lubricating oil constituting the base oil in the compositions of this
invention can be any well refined mineral lubricating oil distillate. The oil is
preferably obtained from a naphthenic or paraffinic base crude oil, e.g. a Mid-
Continent oil. The viscosity of the oil can range from about 50 to 250 SUS at
100° F. Usually the viscosity will be within the range of about 75 to 200 SUS
at 100° F.
The nature of this invention will be better understood when reference is made
to the following examples.

Example:
A concentrate of a zinc oxide dispersion was prepared by mixing together 94
parts by weight of a solvent neutral mineral lubricating oil of 100 SUS
viscosity at 100° F., 5 parts by weight of zinc naphthenate derived from
naphthenic acids of about 280 molecular weight, and one part by weight of zinc
oxide. The zinc oxide had been surface-treated with propionic acid as described
in U.S. Pat. No. 2,303,330. The zinc oxide had a mean particle size of 0.11
micron and a surface area of 10 square meters per gram. It analyzed 99.1%
ZnO. The mixture was placed in a ball mill and the dispersion was prepared by
running the ball mill for 2 hours at ambient temperature.

OIL CONSUMPTION IN KNITTING MACHINE

CONCLUSION:
The project we selected “Oil consumption in knitting machine” found very
fruitful for Muslim Cotton Mill (MCM) because we suggested them different
methods of oil consumption and its conservation like they were using the low
quality lubricant or local oil in cams and sinkers as well as they were paying
the equal amount to that of good quality Lubricant due to which the breakage
of needles was carrying out.
The knitting oil degrades the pipes through which the oil travels to machine
parts that are needles and sinkers by which two faults occur on fabric, oil drop
and oil line, the oil also damages the drum because of the chemicals
involvement in it. The oil was also spreading out onto the machine that was
dangerous for human health.
So, we worked out on all these factors and suggest them that they should
change the oil traveling pipes after a certain period when they saw that now the
pipe can not bear oil force. We, told them about different brand lubricants for
circular knitting machine that are more beneficial and cost effective.
In this way, we covered our project by reducing the uncertain things to
“Oil consumption in knitting machine”.

OIL CONSUMPTION IN KNITTING MACHINE