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Indian Standard
CODE OF PRACTICE FOR PASSIVATION OF
STAINLESS STEEL ARTICLES, INDUSTRIAL
EQUIPMENTS AND COMPONENTS
INCLUDING PIPELINES
(First Revision)
~ BIS 2000
FORE WORD
This Indian Standard (First Revision) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after the drafl finalized
by the Corrosion Protection Sectio]lal Committee had been approved by the Metallurgical Engineering
Division Council.
The stainless steel articles including industrial hardware owe their resistance to corrosion to the formation of
a protective oxide film on its surface, Passivation treatment is normally employed for enhancing the formation
of the protective film on the surface, by immersion in an oxidizing acid solution. This standard has been
prepared for specifying the process details for the passivation treatment and methods for testing the passivated
surfaces. This pretreatment is generally applied to stainless steel surgical instruments, cutlery, tubes and
various other industrial equipments and hardware.
In this revision the scope of the standard has been widened to include industrial equipments including
pipelines. This revision of the standard incorporates soak cleaning and mechanical descaling as additional
methods for surface preparation.The recommended passivation treatments for different stainless steels have
been detailed in this version of the standard. While ferroxqd test and high humidity test have been included as
(csts for resistance to corrosion, the potential-time measurement has been introduced to con.tlrm passivation
of the surface.
With the above changes the specification has been made much detailed and user friendly.
IS 10117:2000
Indian Standard
CODE OF PRACTICE FOR PASSIVATION OF
STAINLESS STEEL ARTICLES, INDUSTRIAL
EQUIPMENTS ANI) COMPONENTS
INCLUDING PIPELINES
(First Revision )
1
IS 10117:2000
The test solution is prepared by first adding sulphuric brush. Flush the surface with water several times
acid to distilled water (CAUTION — Always add after use of vinegar or acetic acid.
acid to cold water) and then dissolving copper 5.2.3 Boiling Water Test
sulplwtte in the following proportions:
The passivated articles/components should be brushed
Distilled water : 250 cm3 batch
with soap and water, rinsed in distilled water and
Sulphuric acid (HJOJ : 1 cm3
dried. They should be boiled in distilled water for 30
Copper sulphate (CuS045~O) : 4g
minutes and left immersed for 24 hours. The articles
Swab the surface to be inspected with test solution, are considered to have passed the test, if rust does
applying additional solution if needed to keep the not appear on more than 2 percent of its surface
surface wet for a period of 6 minutes the specimen This may be assessed by visual examination.
shall be rinsed and dried in a manner not to remove
any deposited copper. Copper deposit will indicate 5.2.4 High Humidity Test
the presence of free iron. Subject the surface to 95 to 100 % humidity at 38 to
5.2.2 Ferroxyl Test 46°C in a suitable humidity cabinet for 24 to 26 h.
5.2.2.1 Solution test After completion of this test, the surface should show
no evidence of rust stains or other corrosion products.
It is a highly sensitive test and should be carried out
only when even traces of free iron or iron oxide 5.2.5 Pitting Test
might be objectionable. It can be used on stainless The passivated article should be immersed in a
steel surfaces to detect iron contamination, includlng
solution containing 40g of sodium chloride and 5g of
iron tool marks, residual iron salts from pickling
potassium ferricyanide per Iitre for 10 minutes,
solutions, iron dust, iron deposits in welds, embedded
cleaned and dried. Appearance of blue spot indicates
iron or iron oxide, etc. The test solution is prepared
pitting, and the article is not considered to have passed
by adding nitric acid to distilled water and then adding
the test, if pitting occurs.
potassium ferricyanide in the following proportions:
Distilled water 94 wt percent 1000 cm3 6 INSPECTION AND TESTING
Nitric acid 3 wt percent 20 cm3 6.1 Potential Time Measurement
Potassium ferricyanide 3 wt percent 30 gm
The passivated article should be immersed in solution
Apply the solution with aluminium, plastic, glass or containing 27 ml of concentrated sulphuric acid (r.d
rubber atomizer having no iron or steel parts or a swab. = 1.84) at room temperature and the potential of the
The appearance of a blue stain (within 15 sec of sample should be monitored as a function of time for
application) is an evidence of surface iron contami- 10 minutes using saturated calomel electrode as
nation (several minutes may be required to detest reference electrode and digital multimeter. Any
surface iron oxide scale). The solution should be potential shift in the positive direction (a shift of
removed from the surfaces as quickly as possible z + 15CtmV) compared to the unpassivated sample
after testing using water or scrubbing with a fibre shall be an indication of passivation of the surface.
Table 1 Acid Pickling of Stainless Steel
(Clause 3.2. 1)
AISI 200,300 and 400 series, precipitation Fully annealed onty H*So,, 65-80 5-45
hardening and maragirsg alloys 8-11 percent
(except free machining alloy)
.4tSI 200 and 300 series; 400 series Fully annealed only HN03 , 20-80 5-30
containing Cr 18 percent or more, 15-25 percent
precipitation hardening alloys, plus HF.
(c\cqll lieuIll:lchinillg alloys) 1-8 percent
NOTES
1 The table is applicable to the equivalent cast grades of wrought alloys also.
2 Shorter time duration and lower temperatures are for low a[loy stainless steels.
3 .4tkr pickling and water rinse, an aqueous caustic permanganate solution containing NaOH 10 wW. and KMnOq 4 wt% at 70-80”C for
5-60 minutes may be used for final dip to remove the smut.koot followed by thorough water rinsing and drykrg.
3
IS 10117:2000
A Non-Free MachiningGrades
O 200and300 series , 400 series Anneale~ cold rolled or 20-50 Vol% HN03 at 50 to 70°C for
Precipitation hardening and work hardened with dull or 10-30 nrin or 20-509’0 at 20 to
maraging alloys with > 16 O/OCr dull non reflective surfaces 40”C for 30-60 min
ii) 200 and 300 series, 400 series Anneaiedj cdd rolled or HN03 + 2-6W%.
20-40 VOI?40
Precipitation hardening and work hardened with bright N~Cr2072H20 at 50-70”C for
maraging alloys with > 16 ‘A Cr machined or polished surface 30-60 min
iii) 400 series maraging and Annealed or hardened with dull 20-50 VO1’YO
HN03 at 45 to 50”C for
precipitation hardening alloys or non reflective surfaces 20-30 minor at 20-40”C for 60 min
with < 16°A Cr
iv) 400 series maraging and Annealed or hardened with bright 20-25 VOIVOHN03 + 2-6 WWOC fbr
precipitation hmdcning alloys machined or polished surface N~Cr2072H20 at 50-55°C for
15-30 minor at 20-40”C for 30-60 min
i) 200, 300 and series Annealed or hardened with 20-50 VO]YO HN03 +
bright machmed or polished surtaces 2-6wt% Na2Cr207 2H20 at 25.50”C
for 25-40 min
or
ii) 400 series with > 1.25 % Mn Annealed or hardened with 40-60vow.HN03+
or > 0.40% S bright machined or polished surfkces 2-6 WP?4.N~Cr,O, 2H,0 at 50-70”C
for 20-30 & - -
4
Bureau of Indian Standards
BIS is a statutory institution established under the Bureau of lndian Standards Act, 1986 to promote
harmonious development of the activities of standardization, marking and quality certification of goods
and attending to connected matters in the country.
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implementing the standard, of necessary details, such as symbols and sizes, type or grade designations.
Enquiries relating to copyright be addressed to the Director (Publications), BIS.
Amendments are issued to standards as the need arises on the basis of comments. Standards are also reviewed
periodically; a standard along with amendments is reaffirmed when such review indicates that no changes are
needed; if the review indicates that changes are needed, it is taken up for revision. Users of Indian Standards
should ascertain that they are in possession of the latest amendments or edition by referring to the latest issue of
‘BIS Catalogue’ and ‘Standards: Monthly Additions’.
This Indian Standard has been developed from Doc : No. MTD 24 (4217).