Engg. Stress Engg.

Strain True Stress True strain Plastic Strain Yield Stress

0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.0000 414.44
86.60 0.0004 86.64 0.0004 0.0000 489.64
173.00 0.0009 173.15 0.0009 0.0001 537.22
378.40 0.0019 379.12 0.0019 0.0001 553.36
403.00 0.0284 414.44 0.0280 0.0260 600.55
466.32 0.0500 489.64 0.0488 0.0465 606.00
497.42 0.0800 537.22 0.0770 0.0744 656.5
503.05 0.1000 553.36 0.0953 0.0927 757.5
505.00 0.1892 600.55 0.1733 0.1705
505.00 0.2000 606.00 0.1823 0.1795
505.00 0.3000 656.50 0.2624 0.2593
505.00 0.5000 757.50 0.4055 0.4019
Modulus of
elasticity 2.13E+05 7.85E-09
Poisson's
ratio 0.3

Elastic stress 403 250 0.01

Ultimate
stress 505 10 0.3 -1.39E+07

Elastic strain 1.89E-03

Plastic strain 2.84E-02

Ultimate
strain 1.89E-01

Initial E at the
onset of
strain-
hardening 4.26E+03

strain
hardening
exponent 6.716666667
Plastic Strain
0.000
0.0465 Stress-Strain curve for Steel Tube
0.0744 Tao et al.
0.0927 600
0.1705
0.1795 500
0.2593 STRESS (MPa) 400
0.4019
300

200

100

0
0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10 0.12 0.14 0.16 0.18 0.20
STRAIN
0.18 0.20
 Tao et al. Model for confined concrete
Description Symbols Units
Overall Diameter D mm 291.1
Thickness of steel tube t mm 5
D/t ratio D/t 58.22
Length of column L mm 450
Area of steel As sq.mm 4495.857
Area of concrete Ac sq.mm 62084.95
Yield strength of steel fy MPa 287.4
Cylinder compressive strength of concrete fc' MPa 28.7
Modulus of elasticity of concrete Ec MPa 25179.02
Confinement factor ξc 0.725155
Peak strain of unconfined concrete εc0 0.001928
Confining stress at B f MPa 0.003777
Constant k 0.103447
Peak strain of confined concrete εcc 0.002138
Constant A 1.691242
Constant B -0.13125
Residual stress fr MPa 7.175
α 0.029734
β 1.2
confined concrete M30
ENGINEERING 1 Yield stress
Ascending curve Strain stress X stress Strain 0.0000 28.76
OA 0 0.000 0 0.00 0.0000 0.0022 28.76
0.0005 12.609 0.259371 12.62 0.0005 0.0030 28.55
0.0019 28.700 1 28.76 0.0019 0.0488 13.05
AB 0.0021 28.700 28.76 0.0021 0.0953 8.74
BC 0.0030 28.395 28.48 0.0030 0.1823 8.62
0.0500 10.840 11.38 0.0488 0.2624 9.33
0.1000 7.505 8.26 0.0953 0.3365 10.05
0.2000 7.176 8.61 0.1823 10.76
0.3000 7.175 9.33 0.2624 11.48
0.4000 7.175 10.05 0.3365
0.5000 7.175 10.76 0.4055
0.6000 7.175 11.48 0.4700 Stress-Strain Curv
Tao et
35
30
25

STRESS (MPa)
20
15
10
5
0
0 0.05 0.1 0.15
STR
 Plastic Strain
0.0000
0.0010
0.0019
0.0483
0.0950
0.1820
0.2620
0.3361
0.4055
0.47

Stress-Strain Curve for Concrete

Tao et al.

0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4

STRAIN
 Tao et al. Model for confined concrete
Description Symbols Units
Overall Diameter D mm 150
Thickness of steel tube t mm 2
D/t ratio D/t 75
Length of column L mm 450
Area of steel As sq.mm 930.2857
Area of concrete Ac sq.mm 16748.29
Yield strength of steel fy MPa 320
Cylinder compressive strength of concrete fc' MPa 25
Modulus of elasticity of concrete Ec MPa 2.35E+04
Confinement factor ξc 0.710978
Peak strain of unconfined concrete εc0 0.001824
Confining stress at B f MPa 0.005757
Constant k 0.136008
Peak strain of confined concrete εcc 0.00209
Constant A 1.714518
Constant B -0.07175
Residual stress fr MPa 6.25
α 0.02909
β 1.2

Stress-Strain Curve for Concrete

Tao et al.
35
30
25
STRESS (MPa)

20
15
10
5
0
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4
STRAIN
confined concrete M30
ENGINEERING 1 PLASTIC STRAIN Yield stress
Ascending curve Strain stress X stress Strain 25.05
OA 0 0.000 0 0.00 0.0000 0.0000 25.05
0.0005 11.715 0.27413 11.72 0.0005 0.0000 24.78
0.0010 25.000 1 25.05 0.0018 0.0008 22.14
AB 0.0018 25.000 25.05 0.0021 0.0010 21.67
BC 0.0021 25.000 24.78 0.0030 0.0019 9.75
0.0030 24.709 22.14 0.0090 0.0080 7.16
0.0090 21.940 21.67 0.0100 0.0090 8.13
0.0100 21.455 9.75 0.0488 0.0484 9.38
0.0500 9.289 7.16 0.0953 0.0950
0.1000 6.507 8.13 0.2624 0.2620
0.3000 6.250 9.38 0.4055 0.4051
0.5000 6.250
Plastic Strain
0.0000
0.0010
0.0019
0.0080
0.0090
0.0484
0.0950
0.2620
0.4051
Engg. Stress Engg. Strain True Stress True strain Plastic Strain Yield Stress Plastic Strain
0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.0000 353.93 0.0000
100.00 0.0005 100.05 0.0005 0.0000 432.65 0.0466
200.00 0.0010 200.20 0.0010 0.0000 478.87 0.0746
345.00 0.0017 345.60 0.0017 0.0000 494.67 0.0928
345.00 0.0259 353.93 0.0255 0.0238 529.91 0.1565
412.04 0.0500 432.65 0.0488 0.0466 542.34 0.1796
443.40 0.0800 478.87 0.0770 0.0746 587.535 0.2594
449.70 0.1000 494.67 0.0953 0.0928 632.73 0.3333
451.95 0.1725 529.91 0.1591 0.1565 677.93 0.4021
451.95 0.2000 542.34 0.1823 0.1796
451.95 0.3000 587.54 0.2624 0.2594
451.95 0.4000 632.73 0.3365 0.3333
451.95 0.5000 677.93 0.4055 0.4021
Modulus of
elasticity 2.00E+05
Poisson's
ratio 0.3

Elastic stress 345

Ultimate
stress 451.95

Elastic strain 1.73E-03

Plastic strain 2.59E-02

Ultimate
strain 1.73E-01

Initial E at the
onset of
strain-
hardening 4.00E+03

strain
hardening
exponent 5.483870968
 Stress-Strain curve for Steel Tube
Tao et al.
600

500

400
STRESS (MPa)

300

200

100

0
0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10 0.12 0.14 0.16 0.18 0.20
STRAIN
 Tao et al. Model for confined concrete
Description Symbols Units
Overall Diameter D mm 219.1
Thickness of steel tube t mm 5
D/t ratio D/t 43.82
Length of column L mm 600
Area of steel As sq.mm 3364.429
Area of concrete Ac sq.mm 34353.64
Yield strength of steel fy MPa 380
Cylinder compressive strength of concrete fc' MPa 51.6
Modulus of elasticity of concrete Ec MPa 28000
Confinement factor ξc 0.721228
Peak strain of unconfined concrete εc0 0.002432
Confining stress at B f MPa 0.000388
Constant k 0.020289
Peak strain of confined concrete εcc 0.002482
Constant A 1.319946
Constant B -0.81388
Residual stress fr MPa 12.9
α 0.029558
β 1.2

Stress-Strain Curve for Concrete

Tao et al.
35
30
25
STRESS (MPa)

20
15
10
5
0
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4
STRAIN
confined concrete M30
ENGINEERING 1 PLASTIC STRAIN Yield stress
Ascending curve Strain stress X stress Strain 51.73
OA 0 0.000 0 0.00 0.0000 0.0000 51.73
0.0005 14.084 0.205552 14.09 0.0005 0.0000 51.45
0.0010 51.600 1 51.73 0.0024 0.0006 46.19
AB 0.0024 51.600 51.73 0.0025 0.0006 45.24
BC 0.0025 51.600 51.45 0.0030 0.0012 20.48
0.0030 51.299 46.19 0.0090 0.0073 14.84
0.0090 45.780 45.24 0.0100 0.0083 16.77
0.0100 44.794 20.48 0.0488 0.0481 19.35
0.0500 19.507 14.84 0.0953 0.0948
0.1000 13.487 16.77 0.2624 0.2618
0.3000 12.900 19.35 0.4055 0.4048
0.5000 12.900
Plastic Strain
0.0000
0.0006
0.0012
0.0073
0.0083
0.0481
0.0948
0.2618
0.4048
Engg. Stress Engg. Strain True Stress True strain Plastic Strain Yield Stress Plastic Strain
0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.0000 390.57 0.0000
102.50 0.0005 102.55 0.0005 0.0000 471.49 0.0465
205.00 0.0010 205.21 0.0010 0.0000 532.43 0.0744
380.00 0.0019 380.70 0.0019 0.0000 555.08 0.0926
380.00 0.0278 390.57 0.0274 0.0255 605.72 0.1671
449.04 0.0500 471.49 0.0488 0.0465 613.20 0.1793
492.99 0.0800 532.43 0.0770 0.0744 664.3 0.2591
504.62 0.1000 555.08 0.0953 0.0926 715.4 0.3330
511.00 0.1854 605.72 0.1701 0.1671 766.50 0.4017
511.00 0.2000 613.20 0.1823 0.1793
511.00 0.3000 664.30 0.2624 0.2591
511.00 0.4000 715.40 0.3365 0.3330
511.00 0.5000 766.50 0.4055 0.4017
Modulus of
elasticity 2.05E+05
Poisson's
ratio 0.3 Stress-Strain curve for Steel
Tao et al.
Elastic stress 380 600
Ultimate
stress 511 500

Elastic strain 1.85E-03 400

STRESS (MPa)

300
Plastic strain 2.78E-02
Ultimate 200
strain 1.85E-01
100
Initial E at the
onset of 0
0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0
strain-
hardening 4.10E+03 STRAIN

strain
hardening
exponent 4.93129771
n curve for Steel Tube
Tao et al.

0 0.25 0.30 0.35 0.40 0.45 0.50

STRAIN
 Tao et al. Model for confined concrete
Description Symbols Units
Overall Diameter D mm 114.3
Thickness of steel tube t mm 3.6
D/t ratio D/t 31.75
Length of column L mm 250
Area of steel As sq.mm 1252.491
Area of concrete Ac sq.mm 9012.465
Yield strength of steel fy MPa 403
Cylinder compressive strength of concrete fc' MPa 30
Modulus of elasticity of concrete Ec MPa 25742.96
Confinement factor ξc 1.866874
Peak strain of unconfined concrete εc0 0.001962
Confining stress at B f MPa 0.007035
Constant k 0.12511
Peak strain of confined concrete εcc 0.002224
Constant A 1.68366
Constant B -0.1502
Residual stress fr MPa 7.5
α 0.039986
β 1.2
confined concrete M30
ENGINEERING 1 Yield stress
Ascending curve Strain stress X stress Strain 30.06
OA 0 0.000 0 0.00 0.0000 0.0000 30.07
0.0005 12.907 0.254831 12.91 0.0005 0.0000 28.12
0.0020 30.000 1 30.06 0.0020 0.0008 14.72
AB 0.0022 30.000 30.07 0.0022 0.0011 9.58
BC 0.0080 27.897 28.12 0.0080 0.0069 9.03
0.0500 14.023 14.72 0.0488 0.0482 9.75
0.1000 8.709 9.58 0.0953 0.0949 10.50
0.2000 7.525 9.03 0.1823 0.1820 11.25
0.3000 7.500 9.75 0.2624 0.2620 12
0.4000 7.500 10.50 0.3365 0.3361
0.5000 7.500 11.25 0.4055 0.4050
0.6000 7.500 12.00 0.4700 0.4695

Stress-Strain Curv
Tao et
35
30
25
STRESS (MPa)

20
15
10
5
0
0 0.05 0.1 0.15
STR
 Plastic Strain
0.0000
0.0011
0.0069
0.0482
0.0949
0.1820
0.2620
0.3361
0.405
0.4695

Stress-Strain Curve for Concrete

Tao et al.

0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4

STRAIN