Universidade do Estado do Amapá Turma EQU 11.

2 Grupo I
Colegiado de Engenharia Química 2 Sem_2013 Agnes Costa Pedro Araújo
Transferência de Calor 3 Avaliação Ailton Ferreira Luis Souza

(P-01) Water at the rate of 30,000 lbm/h *3.783 kg/s+ is heated from 100 to 130◦F *37.78 to 54.44◦C+ in a
shell-and-tube heat exchanger. On the shell side one pass is used with water as the heating fluid, 15,000
lbm/h *1.892 kg/s+, entering the exchanger at 200◦F *93.33◦C+. The overall heat-transfer coefficient is 250
Btu/h ft2◦F [1419 W/m2◦C], and the average water velocity in the 3 4 in [1.905-cm] diameter tubes is 1.2 ft/s
[0.366 m/s]. Because of space limitations, the tube length must not be longer than 8 ft [2.438 m]. Calculate
the number of tube passes, the number of tubes per pass, and the length of the tubes, consistent with this
restriction.

(P-02) A finned-tube heat exchanger like that shown in Figure below is used to heat 5000 ft3/min [2.36
m3/s+ of air at 1 atm from 60 to 85◦F (15.55 to 29.44◦C). Hot water enters the tubes at 180◦F *82.22◦C+, and
the air flows across the tubes, producing an average overall heat-transfer coefficient of 40 Btu/h.ft2 ◦F *227
W/m2 ◦C+. The total surface area of the exchanger is 100 ft2 [9.29 m2]. Calculate the exit water temperature
and the heat-transfer rate.

(P-03) A counterflow double-pipe heat exchanger is used to heat 1.25 kg/s of water from 35 to 80◦C by
cooling an oil [cp = 2.0kJ/kg.◦C+ from 150 to 85◦C. The overall heat-transfer coefficient is 150 Btu/h.ft2.◦F. A
similar arrangement is to be built at another plant location, but it is desired to compare the performance of
the single counterflow heat exchanger with two smaller counterflow heat exchangers connected in series
on the water side and in parallel on the oil side, as shown in Figure below. The oil flow is split equally
between the two exchangers, and it may be assumed that the overall heat-transfer coefficient for the
smaller exchangers is the same as for the large exchanger. If the smaller exchangers cost 20 percent more
per unit surface area, which would be the most economical arrangement—the one large exchanger or two
equal-sized small exchangers?
(P-04) A shell-and-tube heat exchanger is used as an ammonia condenser with ammonia vapor entering the
shell at 50◦C as a saturated vapor. Water enters the single-pass tube arrangement at 20◦C and the total
heat transfer required is 200 kW. The overall heat-transfer coefficient is estimated from Table 10-1 as 1000
W/m2 · ◦C. Determine the area to achieve a heat exchanger effectiveness of 60 percent with an exit water
temperature of 40◦C. What percent reduction in heat transfer would result if the water flow is reduced in
half while keeping the heat exchanger area and U the same?

(P-05) A recuperator used as an energy conservation measure employs a cross-flow heat exchanger with
both fluids unmixed as shown in Figure below. The exchanger is designed to remove 210 kW from 1200
kg/min of atmospheric air entering at 25◦C. This energy is used to preheat the same quantity of air that
enters from outdoor conditions at 0◦C before being used for a building heating application. The design
value of U for this flow condition is 30 W/m2.◦C. The following calculations are desired: (1) The design value
for the area of the heat exchanger; (2) The percent reduction in heat-transfer rate if the flow rate is
reduced by 50 percent while keeping the inlet temperatures and value of U constant; (3) The percent
reduction in heat-transfer rate if the flow rate is reduced by 50 percent and the value of U varies as mass
flow to the 0.8 power, with the same inlet temperature conditions.

(P-06) Derive from basics the expression for effectiveness for a counter flow heat exchanger with C h = Cc or
(Cmin/Cmax) = 1.

(P-07) In a tubular air heater cold air at 2 bar and 20°C flows through the inside of 2.5 cm ID pipes entering
at a velocity of 6 m/s. 20 pipes of 3 m length are used in the bundle. Hot gases at 90°C flows across the tube
bank at 1.33 times the cold air flow rate. The overall heat transfer coefficient based on inside area of tubes
has a value of 82 W/m2 K. Determine the fluid exit temperatures for (i) hot gas side unmixed and (ii) hot
gas side mixed.

(P-08) A shell-and-tube steam condenser is to be constructed of 2.5cm-OD, 2.2cm ID, single-pass horizontal
tubes with steam condensing at Ts=54°C outside the tubes. The cooling water enters each tube at Ti=18°C,
with a flow rate of m=0.7 kg/s per tube and leaves at T0=36°C. The heat transfer coefficient for the
condensation of steam is hs=8000 W/(m2.°C). Calculate the tube length L. Calculate the condensation rate
per tube.

(P-09) A chemical solution with a specific heat of 3200 J/kg K at 100°C is to be cooled to 60°C at a rate of
30,000 kg/hr using cold water at 30°C with its outlet limited to 50°C. It the overall heat transfer coefficient
has a value of 260 W/m2 K, determine the area required for (i) counter flow (ii) parallel flow and (iii) one
shell pass and four tube pass arrangements. Solve the problem using LMTD method and check using NTU
method.

(P-10) In a heat exchanger of double tube arrangement the inner tube is of 25 mm ID and 30 mm OD. The
outer pipe is of 50 mm ID. Hot water flows inside at a rate of 1 l/s and cold water flows at a rate of 2 l/s in
the annular space. The inlet temperatures of the hot and cold water are 30°C and 80°C. The tube is 3 m
long and is made of material with a conductivity of 40.5 W/mK. Determine the overall heat transfer
coefficient for the exchanger assuming that its performance has to be guaranteed for 3 years.