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2. Which crowbar uses the least effort to pull out the nail?
PMR 2008
3 Diagram 14 shows the position of a worker’s hands lifting sand using a spade.
Diagram 14
Diagram 15
Which of the following statements is correct about the effort that was used?
Diagram 4
6 Diagram 20 shows a vegetable seller carrying two baskets, F and G. F has a mass of
40 kg and G has a mass of 60 kg. The distance between G and the seller is 1.0 m.
Diagram 20
What should be the distance between the seller and F in order to balance both the
baskets?
A 0.5m
B 1.0m
C 1.5m
D 2.5m
PMR 2006
6 The diagram shows a balanced lever system.
A 10N
B 20N
C 40N
D 80N
PMR 2005
7 The diagram shows a lever system. The distance between each of the point on the
lever is the same. At which A, B ,C or D should the fulcrum be, so that the lever is
balanced?
PMR 2004
(b) (i) Based on Diagram 1.1, state the class of lever of the wheelbarrow.
______________________________________________________________
(1 mark)
____________________________________________________________
(1 mark)
(c) Based on Figure 1.2, choose one tool with the same class of lever as the
wheelbarrow in Figure 1.1.
Figure 1.2
(1 mark)
(d) Figure 1.3 shows the situation when a force and a load are balanced.
Figure1.3
Load x Distance of load from fulcrum = Force x Distance of force from the
fulcrum
(2 marks)
_____________________________________________________________
(1 mark)
_____________________________________________________________
(1 mark)
(b) Based on Diagram 2.1, why is it easier to cut the wire when we hold the pliers
at K rather than at L?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
(1 mark)
(c) Diagram 2.2 shows a worker carrying a load using a wheel barrow.
Diagram 2.2
Draw a lever system for the wheel barrow and label the position of load, force and
fulcrum.
( 2 marks)
(d) Diagram 2.3 shows a system when a force and a load are balanced.
Force 50 N Load W
Metre rule
20 cm
80 cm
Diagram 2.3
Load x Distance of load from the = Force x Distance of force from the
fulcrum fulcrum
W = _________________ N
(2 marks)
(e) Diagram 2.4 shows two persons, P and Q, rowing their boats.
Figure 2.4
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
(1 mark)
(a) Diagram 3.1 shows four devices, P, Q, R and S that use the principle of lever.
(PMR 2008)
Diagram 3.1
State one characteristic that can be observed from any three devices by
referring to the positions of fulcrum, load and force.
Device Characteristic
(3 marks)
(b) Classify the devices, P, Q, R and S into two groups based on their common
characteristics.
P, Q, R, S
Common
characteristics
Devices
(4 marks)
(c) Diagram 3.2 shows three situations, J, K and L, of a device using principle of
lever.
Diagram 3.2
Based on Diagram 3.2
____________________________________________________________
(1 mark)
____________________________________________________________
(1 mark)
(iii) State the relationship between the length of the crow-bar and the force
needed to lift the rock.
____________________________________________________________
(1 mark)
SIMPLE MACHINES
ANSWER:
1. A
2. C
3. D
4. B
5. B
6. C
7. B
1(a)
fulcrum
(c) Nutcracker
(d) 40 x 20 = 100 x P
800 = 100P
8N = P
PMR 2007
2(a) (i) First class lever
(ii) The fulcrum is between the effort and load / The fulcrum is in the middle
(b) The longer the distance of the effort from the fulcrum, the less effort is required.
(c) Force / E
L / Load F / Fulcrum
(d) W x 100 = 50 x 20
W = 10 N
(e) Distance of the applied force from the fulcrum is longer. / Distance of the load from
the fulcrum is shorter.
PMR 2008
3(a) Able to state one characteristic of any three devices.
P : Load is between effort and fulcrum.
Q : Effort is between load and fulcrum.
R : Fulcrum is between effort and load.
S : Fulcrum is between effort and load.
(b)
P, Q, R, S
Pliers Devices
Bottle opener
Scissors Ice tongs
(c)
(i) The length of the crow bar influences the force needed to lift the rock.
(ii) 100 N
(iii) The longer the length of the crow bar, the less force needed to lift the rock.