Coordinates: 40.7695°N 74.

0046°W

US Airways Flight 1549

US Airways Flight 1549 was an Airbus A320-214 which, in the
climbout after takeoff from New York City's LaGuardia Airport on
US Airways Flight 1549
January 15, 2009, struck a flock of Canada geese just northeast of
the George Washington Bridge and consequently lost all engine
power. Unable to reach any airport, pilots Chesley Sullenberger and
Jeffrey Skiles glided the plane to a ditching in the Hudson River off
Midtown Manhattan. All 155 people aboard were rescued by nearby
boats and there were few serious injuries.

The accident came to be known as the "Miracle on the

Hudson",[4][5][6] and a National Transportation Safety Board
official described it as "the most successful ditching in aviation Evacuation of US Airways Flight 1549 as
history."[7] The Board rejected the notion that the pilot could have it floats on the Hudson River
avoided ditching by returning to LaGuardia or diverting to nearby Accident
Teterboro Airport.
Date January 15, 2009
The pilots and flight attendants were awarded the Master's Medal of Summary Controlled ditching after multiple large
the Guild of Air Pilots and Air Navigators in recognition of their bird strikes
"heroic and unique aviation achievement".[8] Site Hudson River in the Manhattan borough
of New York City, opposite Weehawken,
New Jersey (near Port Imperial)
40.7695°N 74.0046°W
Contents Aircraft
Background Aircraft type Airbus A320-214
Accident Operator US Airways
Takeoff and bird strike Registration N106US
Ditching and evacuation
Flight origin LaGuardia Airport, New York City
Rescue
Stopover Charlotte Douglas International Airport,
Aftermath Charlotte, North Carolina
Investigation Destination Seattle–Tacoma International Airport,
Crew awards and honors Seattle, Washington
Media and popular culture Passengers 150[1]
See also Crew 5
Notes Fatalities 0
References Injuries 100 (95 minor, 5 serious)[2][a]
External links Survivors 155 (all)
US Airways press releases
Other links

Background
On January 15, 2009, US Airways Flight 1549[b] with call sign 'CACTUS 1549' was scheduled to fly from New York City's LaGuardia
Airport (LGA) to Charlotte Douglas (CLT), with direct onward service to Seattle–Tacoma International Airport. The aircraft was an
Airbus A320-214 powered by two GE Aviation/Snecma-designed CFM56-5B4/P turbofan engines.[9][c]

The pilot in command was 57-year-old Chesley Sullenberger, a former fighter pilot who had been an airline pilot since leaving the
United States Air Force in 1980. At the time, he had logged 19,663 total flight hours, including 4,765 in an A320; he was also a glider
pilot and expert on aviation safety.[12][13][14] First officer Jeffrey B. Skiles, 49,[13][15][16] had accrued 15,643 career flight hours, but this
was his first Airbus A320 assignment since qualifying to fly it.[17] There were 150 passengers and three flight attendants aboard.[1][18]

Accident

Takeoff and bird strike

The flight was cleared for takeoff to the northeast from LaGuardia's Runway 4 at
3:24:56 pm Eastern Standard Time (20:24:56 UTC). With Skiles in control, the crew
made its first report after becoming airborne at 3:25:51 as being at 700 feet (210 m) and
climbing.[19]

The weather at 2:51 p.m. was 10 miles (16 km) visibility with broken clouds at 3,700 feet
(1,100 m), wind 8 knots (15 km/h; 9.2 mph) from 290°; an hour later it was few clouds at
4,200 feet (1,300 m), wind 9 knots (17 km/h; 10 mph) from 310°.[20] At 3:26:37
Sullenberger remarked to Skiles: "What a view of the Hudson today."[21]
N106US at LaGuardia in 2001

At 3:27:11 the plane struck a flock of Canada geese at an altitude of 2,818 feet (859 m)
about 4.5 miles (7.2 km) north-northwest of LaGuardia. The pilots' view was filled with
the large birds;[22][23] passengers and crew heard very loud bangs and saw flames from the
engines, followed by silence and an odor of fuel.[24][25][26]

Realizing that both engines had shut down, Sullenberger took control while Skiles worked the
checklist for engine restart.[d][2] The aircraft slowed but continued to climb for a further 19
seconds, reaching about 3,060 feet (930 m) at an airspeed of about 185 knots (343 km/h;
213 mph), then began a glide descent, accelerating to 210 knots (390 km/h; 240 mph) at 3:28:10
as it descended through 1,650 feet (500 m).

At 3:27:33, Sullenberger radioed a mayday call to New York Terminal Radar Approach Control
(TRACON):[28][29] "... this is Cactus 1539 [sic – correct call sign was Cactus 1549], hit birds.
We've lost thrust on both engines. We're turning back towards LaGuardia".[21] Air traffic
controller Patrick Harten[30] told LaGuardia's tower to hold all departures, and directed
Sullenberger back to Runway 13.[29] Sullenberger responded, "Unable".[29]

Sullenberger asked controllers for landing options in New Jersey, mentioning Teterboro LaGuardia Runway 4
departure.
Airport.[29][31][32] Permission was given for Teterboro's Runway 1,[32] but Sullenberger
responded: "We can't do it ... We're gonna be in the Hudson".[31] The aircraft
passed less than 900 feet (270 m) above the George Washington Bridge.[33]
New York TRACON audio
Sullenberger commanded over the cabin address system, "Brace for
0:00 MENU
impact",[33] and the flight attendants relayed the command to passengers.[34]
Air traffic control audio from about
Meanwhile, air traffic controllers asked the Coast Guard to caution vessels in time of bird strike until ditching
the Hudson and ask them to prepare to assist with rescue. (3:10 long)

Problems playing this file? See media help.

Ditching and evacuation
About ninety seconds later, at 3:31 pm, the plane made an unpowered ditching, descending southwards at about 125 knots (140 mph;
230 km/h) into the middle of the North River section of the Hudson tidal estuary, at 40.7695°N 74.0046°W[35] on the New York side
of the state line, roughly opposite West 50th Street (near the Intrepid Sea, Air & Space Museum) in Manhattan and Port Imperial in
Weehawken, New Jersey. Flight attendants compared the ditching to a "hard landing" with "one impact, no bounce, then a gradual
deceleration."[31] The ebb tide then began to take the plane southward.[36]

Sullenberger opened the cockpit door and ordered evacuation. The crew began evacuating the passengers through the four overwing
window exits and into an inflatable slide/raft deployed from the front right passenger door (the front left slide failed to operate, so the
manual inflation handle was pulled). A panicked passenger opened a rear door, which a flight attendant was unable to reseal.[37] Water
was also entering a hole in the fuselage and through cargo doors that had come open,[38] so as the water rose the attendant urged
passengers to move forward by climbing over seats.[e] One passenger was in a wheelchair.[40][41] Finally, Sullenberger walked the cabin
twice to confirm it was empty.[42][43][44]

The air and water temperatures were about 19 °F (−7 °C) and 41 °F (5 °C) respectively.[20] Some evacuees waited for rescue knee-deep
in water on the partially submerged slides, some wearing life-vests. Others stood on the wings or, fearing an explosion, swam away
from the plane.[37] One passenger, after helping with the evacuation, found the wing so crowded that he jumped into the river and
swam to a boat.[45][31][46]

Rescue
Sullenberger had ditched near boats which facilitated
rescue.[19][42] NY Waterway ferries Thomas Jefferson and
then Governor Thomas H. Kean both arrived within
minutes[47][48] and began taking people aboard using a
Jason's cradle. Sullenberger advised the ferry crews to
rescue those on the wings first, as they were in more
jeopardy than those on the slides, which detached to
become life rafts.[33] As the plane drifted, passengers on
one slide, fearing that the boat would crush them, shouted
for it to steer away.[49] The last person was taken from the
plane at 3:55 pm.[50]

About 140 New York City firefighters responded to nearby

docks,[51][52][53] as did police, helicopters, and various
vessels and divers.[51] Other agencies provided medical
help on the Weehawken side of the river, where most
passengers were taken.[54]

Flight path flown (red). Alternative trajectories to Teterboro (dark

blue) and back toward La Guardia (magenta) were simulated for the
investigation.

Coast Guard video of crash and

rescue.
 Video beginning 20 minutes after
ditching, with numerous ferries and
rescue boats surrounding the aircraft.

Boats surround the tail of the sunken plane, visible just above the water line.

Aftermath
There were five serious injuries,[2] including a deep laceration in flight attendant Doreen
Welsh's leg.[31][55] Seventy-eight people were treated, mostly for minor injuries[56] and
hypothermia,[57] twenty-four passengers and two rescuers treated at hospitals,[58] with
two passengers kept overnight. One passenger now wears glasses because of jet fuel
damaging his eyes.[45] No pets were being carried on the flight.[59]

Each passenger later received a letter of apology, $5,000 in compensation for lost baggage
(and $5,000 more if they could demonstrate larger losses) and refund of the ticket
price.[60][61] In May 2009 they received any belongings that had been recovered. In The aircraft tied up alongside Battery
Park City.
addition, they reported offers of $10,000 each in return for agreeing not to sue US
Airways.[62]

Many passengers and rescuers later experienced post-traumatic stress symptoms such as sleeplessness, flashbacks, and panic attacks;
some began an email support group.[63] Patrick Harten, the controller who had worked the flight, said that "the hardest, most
traumatic part of the entire event was when it was over", and that he was "gripped by raw moments of shock and grief".[64]

In an effort to prevent similar accidents, officials captured and gassed 1,235 Canada geese at 17 locations across New York City in mid-
2009 and coated 1,739 goose eggs with oil to smother the developing goslings.[65]

Investigation
The partially submerged plane was moored to a pier near the World Financial Center in Lower
Manhattan, roughly 4 miles (6 km) downstream from the ditching location.[34] The left engine,
detached by the ditching, was recovered from the riverbed.[66] On January 17 the aircraft was
barged[67][68] to New Jersey.[69]

The initial National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) evaluation that the plane had lost thrust
after a bird strike[70][71][72] was confirmed by analysis of the cockpit voice and flight data
recorders.[73]

Two days earlier the plane had experienced a less severe compressor stall,[74][75] but the affected
engine was restarted. A faulty temperature sensor was replaced, and inspection verified the engine
had not been damaged in that incident.[76] The plane being recovered
from the river during the
On January 21, the NTSB found evidence of soft-body damage in the right engine along with night of January 17.
organic debris including a feather.[77][78] The left engine also evidenced soft body impact, with:
"dents on both the spinner and inlet lip of the engine cowling. Five booster inlet guide vanes are
fractured and eight outlet guide vanes are missing." Both engines, missing large portions of their
housings,[79] were sent to the manufacturer for examination.[80] On January 31, the plane was
moved to Kearny, New Jersey. The bird remains[76][81] were later identified by DNA testing to be
Canada geese, which typically weigh more than engines are designed to withstand ingesting.[76]

Because the plane was assembled in France[82] the European Aviation Safety Agency (the
European counterpart of the FAA) and the Bureau d'Enquêtes et d'Analyses pour la Sécurité de
l'Aviation Civile (the French counterpart of the NTSB) joined the investigation, with technical
assistance from Airbus Industrie and GE Aviation/Snecma, respectively the manufacturers of the
airframe and the engines.[83][84]

The NTSB used flight simulators to test the possibility that the flight could have returned safely to
Feather found in left engine.
LaGuardia or diverted to Teterboro; only seven of the thirteen simulated returns to La Guardia
succeeded, and only one of the two to Teterboro.[85] Furthermore, the NTSB report called these
simulations unrealistic: "The immediate turn made by the pilots during the simulations did not reflect or account for real-world
considerations." A further simulation, conducted with the pilot delayed by 35 seconds, crashed.[86] In testimony before the NTSB,
Sullenberger maintained that there had been no time to bring the plane to any airport, and that attempting to do so would likely have
killed those onboard and more on the ground.[87]

The Board ultimately ruled that Sullenberger had made the correct decision,[87] reasoning that the checklist for dual-engine failure is
designed for higher altitudes, when pilots have more time to deal with the situation, and that while simulations showed that the plane
might have just barely made it back to LaGuardia, those scenarios assumed an instant decision to do so, with no time allowed for
assessing the situation.[88][89]

The NTSB concluded its investigation on May 4, 2010, identifying the probable cause as "the ingestion of large birds into each engine,
which resulted in an almost total loss of thrust in both engines."[86] The final report credited the outcome to four factors: good
decision-making and teamwork by the cockpit crew (including decisions to immediately turn on the APU and to ditch in the Hudson);
the fact that the A320 is certified for extended overwater operation (and hence carried life vests and additional raft/slides) even
though not required for that route; the performance of the flight crew during the evacuation; and the proximity of working vessels to
the ditching site. Contributing factors were good visibility and a fast response from the ferry operators and emergency responders. The
report also makes a range of recommendations to improve safety in such situations.[2]

Author and pilot William Langewiesche asserted that insufficient credit was given to the A320's fly-by-wire design, by which the pilot
uses a side-stick to make control inputs to the flight control computers. The computers then impose adjustments and limits of their
own to keep the plane stable, which the pilot cannot override even in an emergency. This design allowed the pilots of Flight 1549 to
concentrate on engine restart and deciding the course, without the burden of manually adjusting the glidepath to reduce the plane's
rate of descent.[50] Sullenberger said that these computer-imposed limits also prevented him from achieving the optimum landing
flare for the ditching, which would have softened the impact.[90]
In 2010, the damaged plane (excluding its engines)[91] was acquired for the Carolinas
Aviation Museum in Charlotte, North Carolina,[92] which held a reception on June 11 to
commemorate the arrival in Charlotte of the plane's body, with Sullenberger as keynote
speaker and the passengers invited.[93][94][95][96]

Crew awards and honors

The reactions of all members of the
crew, the split second decision making
and the handling of this emergency and
evacuation was "text book" and an
example to us all. To have safely
executed this emergency ditching and
evacuation, with the loss of no lives, is a
heroic and unique aviation
achievement.
—Guild of Air Pilots and Air Navigators
citation
Sullenberger's "heroic and graceful job in landing the damaged aircraft." He thanked the crew, whom he invited to his inauguration
five days later.[101][102]
An NTSB board member called the
ditching "the most successful ... in N106US on display at Carolinas
Aviation Museum.
aviation history. These people knew
what they were supposed to do and
they did it and as a result, no lives were lost."[97]
The crew, especially Sullenberger, was praised, notably by New York City Mayor
Michael Bloomberg and New York State Governor David Paterson, who said: "We
had a Miracle on 34th Street. I believe now we have had a Miracle on the
Hudson."[56][98][99] U.S. President George W. Bush said he was "inspired by the skill
and heroism of the flight crew," and praised the emergency responders and
volunteers.[100] President-elect Barack Obama said that everyone was proud of

The Guild of Air Pilots and Air Navigators awarded the crew a Master's Medal on January 22, 2009; this is awarded only rarely, for
outstanding aviation achievements at the discretion of the Master of the Guild.[8] New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg presented
the crew with the Keys to the City, and Sullenberger with a replacement copy of a library book lost on the flight, Sidney Dekker's Just
Culture: Balancing Safety and Accountability.[103] Rescuers received Certificates of Honor.[104]

The crew received a standing ovation at the Super Bowl XLIII on February 1, 2009,[105] and Sullenberger threw out the first pitch at
the 2009 Major League Baseball season for the San Francisco Giants. His Giants' jersey was inscribed with the name "Sully" and the
number 155 – the count of people aboard the plane.[106]

On July 28, passengers Dave Sanderson and Barry Leonard organized a thank you luncheon for emergency responders from Hudson
County, New Jersey, on the shores of Palisades Medical Center in North Bergen, New Jersey, where 57 passengers had been brought
following their rescue. Present were members of the U.S. Coast Guard, North Hudson Regional Fire and Rescue, NY Waterway Ferries,
the American Red Cross, Weehawken Volunteer First Aid, the Weehawken Police Department, West New York E.M.S., North Bergen
E.M.S., the Hudson County Office of Emergency Management, the New Jersey E.M.S. Task Force, the Guttenberg Police Department,
McCabe Ambulance, the Harrison Police Department, and doctors and nurses who treated survivors.[107][108]

Sullenberger was named Grand Marshal for the 2010 Tournament of Roses Parade in Pasadena, California.

In August 2010, Jeppesen issued an approach plate titled "Hudson Miracle APCH," dedicated to the five crew of Flight 1549 and
annotated "Presented with Pride and Gratitude from your friends at Jeppesen."[109]

Sullenberger retired on March 3, 2010, after thirty years with US Airways and its predecessor, Pacific Southwest Airlines. At the end of
his final flight he was reunited with Skiles and a number of the passengers from Flight 1549.[110]

In 2013, the entire crew inducted into the International Air & Space Hall of Fame at the San Diego Air & Space Museum.[111]

Media and popular culture

The accident was recorded by several closed-circuit television cameras. Various television reports and documentaries produced soon
afterwards contained extensive video of the ditching and rescue, and recorded interviews with the aircrew, passengers, rescuers, and
other key participants. These included:

On February 8, 2009, the CBS program 60 Minutes broadcast three segments that included interviews with the aircrew as well as
their reunion with passengers. The program aired again on July 5, 2009.
 "Flight 1549: A Routine Takeoff Turns Ugly"[112]
"Flight 1549: Saving 155 Souls In Minutes"[113]
"Flight 1549: An Emotional Reunion"[114]
On February 19, 2009, Channel 4 in the United Kingdom aired a documentary titled The Miracle of the Hudson Plane Crash
included personal accounts from passengers, rescuers, and witnesses.[49]
On February 21, 2009, KGO-TV in San Francisco broadcast an interview in the "Face to Face" series. Dan Ashley talked to
Captain and Mrs. Sullenberger about their experiences during and since the accident.[115]
On March 4, 2009, the Discovery Channel broadcast a one-hour documentary titled Hudson Plane Crash – What Really
Happened, with computer-generated imagery (CGI) animations of the flight, and interviews with passengers, crew, witnesses,
rescuers, and aviation safety experts.[116]
On January 10, 2010, TLC aired a documentary titled Brace For Impact, aired again on April 14 in Australia as Brace For Impact:
Inside The Hudson Plane Crash.[117]
In March 2011, Ric Elias, a front-row passenger shared his experience during a TED conference.[118]
Beginning in June 2011, the University of North Carolina School of Filmmaking and Process Pictures, LLC worked with the
Carolinas Aviation Museum to produce a documentary, which also looked at the impact of the incident on society.[119][120]
The crash was featured in the Discovery Channel (Canada) / National Geographic TV series Mayday on the episode Hudson Splash
Down.[121] It was also recreated in a National Geographic Channel TV special titled "Miracle Landing on the Hudson,"[122] and in the
United Kingdom for a Channel 5 special in 2011.[123]

Garrison Keillor honored the entire flight crew by writing a song and performing it on his show, A Prairie Home Companion.[124]

The ditching is referenced in the song "A Real Hero" by College and Electric Youth, best known from the 2011 movie Drive. The lyrics
of the second verse describe the water landing and the survival of the passengers and crew, as well as alluding to the freezing river.[125]

Sullenberger's memoir, Highest Duty: My Search for What Really Matters was adapted into a feature film Sully: Miracle on the
Hudson, directed by Clint Eastwood,[126] with Tom Hanks as Sullenberger and Aaron Eckhart as co-pilot Jeff Skiles.[127] It was
released by Warner Bros. on September 9, 2016.[128]

See also
List of airline flights that required gliding
Garuda Indonesia Flight 421, emergency landing on Bengawan Solo river after a dual engine flameout in 2002
Pan Am Flight 6, successful no-lives-lost ditching of a Boeing 377 Stratocruiser in the Pacific Ocean, 1956
Caspian Airlines Flight 7908, brought down by mechanical failure caused by bird strikes, killing 168 people
Ryanair Flight 4102, which was brought down by bird strikes
Scandinavian Airlines Flight 751, emergency landing in woodland north of Stockholm after dual engine overheating & failure and
a brief low-altitude glide; no fatalities
TACA Flight 110, landed on to a levee east of New Orleans International Airport after dual engine flameout; no casualties
The 1963 Aeroflot Tupolev Tu-124 Neva river ditching, a planned landing in a river which resulted in no casualties

Notes
a. A serious injury is defined as any injury that (1) requires hospitalization for more than 48 hours, starting within seven days from
the date that the injury was received; (2) results in a fracture of any bone, except simple fractures of fingers, toes, or the nose; (3)
causes severe hemorrhages or nerve, muscle, or tendon damage; (4) involves any internal organ; or (5) involves second- or third-
degree burns or any burns affecting more than 5 percent of the body surface. A minor injury is defined as any injury that does not
qualify as a fatal or serious injury.[3]
b. AWE1549, also designated under a Star Alliance codeshare agreement as United Airlines Flight 1919 UA1919.
c. Delivered in 1999,[10] the plane, registered N106US, was one of 74 A320s then in service at US Airways. At the time of the
accident its airframe had logged 16,299 flights totaling 25,241 flight hours; and the engines 19,182 and 26,466 hours. The last "A
Check" (performed every 550 flight hours) was passed on December 6, 2008, and the last C Check (annual comprehensive
inspection) on April 19, 2008.[9][11]

d. The engines are the primary source of electrical and hydraulic power for the aircraft flight control systems,[27] but an auxiliary
power unit (APU) can provide backup electrical power, and a ram air turbine (RAT) can be deployed into the airstream to provide
backup hydraulic pressure and electrical power at certain speeds.[27] Both the APU and RAT were operating as the plane
descended onto the river.[27]
 e. The Airbus A320 has a control that closes valves and other openings in the fuselage, in order to slow flooding after a water
landing,[39] but the pilots did not activate it.[31] Sullenberger later said this would have made little difference since the water
impact tore substantial holes in the fuselage.[17]

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/2009/02/08/60minutes/main4783586.shtml). 60 Minutes. CBS News.
 /2009/02/08/60minutes/main4783586.shtml). 60 Minutes. CBS News.
114. Simon, Tanya; Beecher, Lori; Metz, Andrew (February 8, 2009). "Flight 1549: An Emotional Reunion" (http://www.cbsnews.com/st
ories/2009/02/08/60minutes/main4783594.shtml). 60 Minutes. CBS News.
115. "Face to Face: Dan Ashley and the Sullenbergers" (https://web.archive.org/web/20110629021234/http://abclocal.go.com/kgo/vide
o?id=6671039). ABC News. Archived from the original (http://abclocal.go.com/kgo/video?id=6671039) on June 29, 2011.
116. "Hudson Plane Crash – What Really Happened" (http://dsc.discovery.com/tv-schedules/special.html?paid=1.14594.26019.0.0).
Discovery Channel. Retrieved March 5, 2009.
117. Knox, David (April 7, 2010). "Returning: The Force, Lewis. Airdate: Miracle at the Zoo, Hudson Plane Crash" (http://www.tvtonight.
com.au/2010/04/returning-the-force-lewis-airdate-miracle-at-the-zoo-hudson-plane-crash.html). TV Tonight.
118. Elias, Ric (March 2011). "Ric Elias: Three things I learned while my plane crashed" (http://www.ted.com/talks/ric_elias.html). TED.
119. Carpenter, Marla (June 8, 2011). "UNCSA film students are documenting move of 'Miracle on the Hudson' plane to Charlotte
museum" (http://www.uncsa.edu/pressreleases/Releases2011/Jun11/Miracle.htm). University of North Carolina School of the Arts.
120. "Process Pictures involved with documentary chronicling the impact of Flight 1549 on America" (https://web.archive.org/web/2012
0425231929/http://www.processpictures.com/2011/08/miracle-on-the-hudson/). Process Pictures. Archived from the original (http:/
/www.processpictures.com/2011/08/miracle-on-the-hudson/) on April 25, 2012.
121. "Hudson River Runway". Mayday. Season 11. 2010. Discovery Channel Canada/National Geographic Channel.
122. Miracle Landing on the Hudson. 2014. National Geographic Channel.
123. "Hudson River Landing" (http://www.channel5.com/shows/air-crash-hudson-river-landing/episodes/air-crash-hudson-river-
landing). Air Crash. 2011. Channel 5 (UK).
124. Keillor, Garrison (January 18, 2009). "Post to the Host: US Airways Flight 1549" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140531105050/htt
p://www.publicradio.org/columns/prairiehome/posthost/2009/01/18/us_airways_flight_1549.php). A Prairie Home Companion.
Archived from the original (http://www.publicradio.org/columns/prairiehome/posthost/2009/01/18/us_airways_flight_1549.php) on
May 31, 2014.
125. O'Connell, Michael (October 27, 2011). " 'Drive' Song Inspired by Captain Sully Sullenberger and 'Mad Max' (Video)" (http://www.h
ollywoodreporter.com/news/drive-soundtrack-captain-sully-254349). The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved November 25, 2012.
126. McClintock, Pamela (June 2, 2015). "Clint Eastwood's Next Movie Revealed: Capt. "Sully" Sullenberger Tale" (http://www.hollywo
odreporter.com/news/clint-eastwoods-next-movie-revealed-799151). The Hollywood Reporter.
127. Ford, Rebecca (August 11, 2015). "Aaron Eckhart Joins Tom Hanks in Sully Sullenberger Movie" (http://www.hollywoodreporter.co
m/news/aaron-eckhart-joins-tom-hanks-814613). The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved August 11, 2015.
128. Stone, Natalie (December 18, 2015). "Clint Eastwood's 'Sully' Gets Early Fall Release Date" (http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/n
ews/clint-eastwoods-sully-gets-early-850327). The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved December 25, 2015.

External links

US Airways press releases

"US Airways Flight 1549 Initial Report" (https://web.archive.org/web/20130303134401/http://phx.corporate-ir.net/phoenix.zhtml?c=
196799&p=irol-newsArticle_print&ID=1245239&highlight=). phx.corporate-ir.net. Tempe, Arizona. January 15, 2009
"Press Release: "Press Release: US Airways Flight 1549 Update #2" (http://phx.corporate-ir.net/phoenix.zhtml?c=196799&p=irol-
newsArticle&ID=1245262). phx.corporate-ir.net. Tempe, Arizona. January 15, 2009
"Press Release: US Airways Flight 1549 Update #3" (https://archive.is/20130221111756/http://phx.corporate-ir.net/phoenix.zhtml?
c=196799&p=irol-newsArticle&ID=1245277&highlight=). phx.corporate-ir.net. Tempe, Arizona. January 15, 2009
"US Airways Flight 1549 Update #7" (https://archive.is/20120713093334/http://phx.corporate-ir.net/phoenix.zhtml?c=196799&p=ir
ol-newsArticle_Print&ID=1245610&highlight=). phx.corporate-ir.net. Tempe, Arizona. January 16, 2009
"US Airways Flight 1549 Update #8" (https://archive.is/20130221163912/http://phx.corporate-ir.net/phoenix.zhtml?c=196799&p=ir
ol-newsArticle_Print&ID=1245694&highlight=). phx.corporate-ir.net. Tempe, Arizona. January 16, 2009
"US Airways Update Regarding Crew of Flight 1549" (https://archive.is/20130221142019/http://phx.corporate-ir.net/phoenix.zhtml
?c=196799&p=irol-newsArticle_Print&ID=1246019&highlight=). phx.corporate-ir.net. Tempe, Arizona. January 16, 2009
Parker, Doug (January 15, 2009). "US Airways CEO Doug Parker makes statement regarding flight 1549" (http://www2.usairways.
com/en-US/information/1549/home4.html). US Airways. Tempe, Arizona. January 16, 2009
"US Airways CEO Doug Parker Invited to Speak at Honor Ceremony Regarding Flight 1549" (https://archive.is/20130222010549/
http://phx.corporate-ir.net/phoenix.zhtml?c=196799&p=irol-newsArticle_Print&ID=1245533&highlight=). phx.corporate-ir.net.
Tempe, Arizona. January 16, 2009
"US Airways update regarding crew of flight 1549" (http://www2.usairways.com/en-US/information/1549/home.html). Tempe
Arizona, January 19, 2009.

Other links
 "Information on the accident that occurred in New York on January 15, 2009" (https://web.archive.org/web/20110721061913/http://
www.bea.aero/en/enquetes/newyork/info16january2009.php). Bureau d'Enquêtes et d'Analyses pour la Sécurité de l'Aviation
Civile. January 16, 2009. Archived from the original (http://www.bea.aero/en/enquetes/newyork/info16january2009.php) on July
21, 2011.
Krūms, Jānis (January 15, 2009). "There's a plane in the Hudson. I'm on the ferry going to pick up the people. Crazy" (http://twitpi
c.com/135xa). TwitPic.
"US Airways 1549 (AWE1549), January 15, 2009" (http://www.faa.gov/data_research/accident_incident/1549/). Federal Aviation
Administration. March 2, 2009.
exosphere3d (November 12, 2009). "Flight 1549 Alternate Audio, Multi-Perspective Composite Animation" (https://www.youtube.c
om/watch?v=gjXCulRjPas). YouTube.
"Cactus Flight 1549 Accident Reconstruction (US Airways Animation)" (http://www.exosphere3d.com/pubwww/pages/project_gall
ery/cactus_1549_hudson_river.html). Exosphere3D.
"Analysis of Training for Emergency Water Landings Questions Assumptions, Inconsistencies" (http://www.flightsafety.org/ccs/ccs
_nov_dec98.pdf) (PDF). Cabin Crew Safety. The Flight Safety Foundation. 33 (6). November–December 1998. Retrieved
February 10, 2009.
"Stress, Behavior, Training and Safety (in Emergency Evacuation)" (http://www.flightsafety.org/ccs/ccs_may-jun90.pdf) (PDF).
Cabin Crew Safety. The Flight Safety Foundation. 25 (3). May–June 1990. Retrieved February 10, 2009.
Corrigan, Douglas (April 2011). "The Demise of the Airline Pilot" (http://www.culturewars.com/2011/Pilots.htm). Culture Wars.
Process Pictures, LLC (2012). " 'The Miracle on the Hudson' Teaser" (http://vimeo.com/24963231). Vimeo.
"Hudson Miracle Approach Chart" (http://www.jeppesen.com/images/misc/hudson-miracle-approach-chart.jpg). Jeppesen.
"Photos of the Airbus" (http://www.airliners.net/search/photo.search?regsearch=N106US&distinct_entry=true). Airliners.net.
Gould, Joe (January 17, 2009). "Stayed high & dry on my trip to N.C." (http://www.nydailynews.com/news/joe-gould-stayed-high-d
ry-trip-n-article-1.422050) Daily News. New York.

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