ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS – I

C.Ganesan, M.Sc., M.Phil.,

Assistant Professor of Mathematics

Dhanalakshmi College of Engineering

Mobile: 9841168917

Website: www.hariganesh.com
2. MA2111 MATHEMATICS – I 3 1 0 4

UNIT I MATRICES 12
Characteristic equation – Eigen values and eigen vectors of a real matrix –
Properties – Cayley-Hamilton theorem (excluding proof) – Orthogonal transformation
of a symmetric matrix to diagonal form – Quadratic form – Reduction of quadratic
form to canonical form by orthogonal transformation.

UNIT II THREE DIMENSIONAL ANALYTICAL GEOMETRY 12

Equation of a sphere – Plane section of a sphere – Tangent Plane – Equation of a
cone – Right circular cone – Equation of a cylinder – Right circular cylinder.

UNIT III DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS 12

Curvature in Cartesian co-ordinates – Centre and radius of curvature – Circle of
curvature – Evolutes – Envelopes – Evolute as envelope of normals.

UNIT IV FUNCTIONS OF SEVERAL VARIABLES 12

Partial derivatives – Euler’s theorem for homogenous functions – Total derivatives –
Differentiation of implicit functions – Jacobians – Taylor’s expansion – Maxima and
Minima – Method of Lagrangian multipliers.

UNIT V MULTIPLE INTEGRALS 12

Double integration – Cartesian and polar coordinates – Change of order of
integration – Change of variables between Cartesian and polar coordinates – Triple
integration in Cartesian co-ordinates – Area as double integral – Volume as triple
integral

TOTAL : 60 PERIODS

TEXT BOOK:

1. Bali N. P and Manish Goyal, “Text book of Engineering Mathematics”, Third

edition, Laxmi Publications(p) Ltd.,(2008).
th
2. Grewal. B.S, “Higher Engineering Mathematics”, 40 Edition, Khanna
Publications, Delhi, (2007).

REFERENCES:

1. Ramana B.V, “Higher Engineering Mathematics”, Tata McGraw Hill

Publishing Company, New Delhi, (2007).
th
2. Glyn James, “Advanced Engineering Mathematics”, 7 Edition, Pearson
Education, (2007).
3. Jain R.K and Iyengar S.R.K,” Advanced Engineering Mathematics”,
rd
3 Edition, Narosa Publishing House Pvt. Ltd., (2007).

6
Engineering Mathematics Material 2012

SUBJECT NAME : Engineering Mathematics - I

SUBJECT CODE : MA 2111
MATERIAL NAME : University Questions
MATERIAL CODE : JM08AM1004

Name of the Student: Branch:

Unit – I (Matrices)

• Cayley – Hamilton Theorem

 2 −1 1 
 
1. Find the characteristic equation of the matrix A given A =  −1 2 −1 . Hence find

 1 −1 2 
 
−1 4
A ande A . (Jan 2009)

 1 −1 1 
2.
 
Show that the matrix 0 1 0 satisfies the characteristics equation and hence find
 
 2 0 3 
its inverse. (Jan 2011)(AUT)

1 3 7
 
3. Using Cayley-Hamilton theorem, find the inverse of A =  4 2 3 . (N/D 2011)(AUT)

1 2 1
 

 −1 0 3 
4.

Using Cayley – Hamilton theorem, find the inverse of the matrix A = 8 1 7 .

 
 −3 0 8 
(N/D 2010)

 2 −1 2 
−1  
5. Using Cayley – Hamilton theorem, find A when A =  −1 2 −1  . (M/J 2010)
 1 −1 2 
 

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6. Use Cayley – Hamilton theorem to find the value of the matrix given by
 2 1 1
 
A8 − 5 A7 + 7 A6 − 3 A5 + A4 − 5 A3 + 8 A2 − 2 A + I , if the matrix A =  0 1 0  .
 1 1 2
 
(M/J 2009)

 2 −1 1 
−1  
7. Verify Cayley Hamilton Theorem and hence find A for A =  −1 2 −1  .
 1 −1 2 
 
(Jan 2010)

 1 −2 3 
 
8. Verify Cayley Hamilton Theorem for the matrix A =  2 4 −2  . (A/M 2011)
 −1 1 2 


 2 0 −1 
 
9. Verify Cayley Hamilton Theorem for the matrix  0 2 0  and hence find A−1 and
 −1 0 2 
 
4
A . (M/J 2012)

1 4
10. Find An using Cayley Hamilton theorem, taking A =  3
 . Hence find A .
 2 3 
(Jan 2012)

• Eigen Values and Eigen Vectors of a given matrix

 2 1 1
 
1. Find the eigen values and eigen vectors of A =  1 2 1  . (Jan 2009)
 0 0 1
 

 1 −1 4 
2.
 
Find all the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the matrix 3 2 −1 . (Jan 2011)(AUT)
 
 2 1 −1

 11 −4 −7 
 
3. Find the eigen values and eigen vectors of the matrix A =  7 −2 −5  .
 10 −4 −6 
 
(N/D 2011)(AUT)

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 2 2 1
 
4. Find the eigen values and eigen vectors of the matrix A =  1 3 1  .
 1 2 2
 
(M/J 2010),(N/D 2010),(Jan 2012)

 − 2 2 −3 
 
5. Find the eigen values and eigen vectors for the matrix A =  2 1 −6  .
 − 1 −2 0 
 
(M/J 2009),(Jan 1010)

• Diagonalisation of a Matrix
1. The eigen vectors of a 3X3 real symmetric matrix A corresponding to the eigen-values
2, 3, 6 are ( 1, 0, −1) , ( 1,1,1) and ( 1, 2, −1) respectively. Find the matrix A .
T T T

(A/M 2011)

• Quadratic form to Canonical form

1. Reduce the given quadratic form Q to its canonical form using orthogonal
transformation. Q = x 2 + 3 y 2 + 3 z 2 − 2 yz . (Jan 2009)

2. Reduce the quadratic form 2 x 2 + 5 y 2 + 3 z 2 + 4 xy to the Canonical form by orthogonal

reduction and state its nature. (M/J 2010),(Jan 2012)

3. Reduce the quadratic form 2 x1 x2 + 2 x1 x3 − 2 x2 x3 to a canonical form by an

orthogonal reduction. Also find its nature. (A/M 2011)

4. Reduce the quadratic form 2 x12 + x22 + x32 + 2 x1 x2 − 2 x1 x3 − 4 x2 x3 to canonical form

by an orthogonal transformation. Also find the rank, index, signature and nature of the
quadratic form. (N/D 2010)

5. Find a change of variables that reduces the quadratic form 3 x12 + 5 x22 + 3 x32 − 2 x1 x2
+2 x1 x3 − 2 x2 x3 to a sum of squares and express the quadratic form in terms of new
variables. (Jan 2011)(AUT)

6. Reduce the quadratic form 8 x12 + 7 x22 + 3 x32 − 12 x1 x2 − 8 x2 x3 + 4 x3 x1 into canonical

form by means of an orthogonal transformation. (N/D 2011)(AUT)

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7. Reduce the quadratic form x12 + 2 x22 + x32 − 2 x1 x2 + 2 x2 x3 to the Canonical form
through an orthogonal transformation and hence show that is positive semi definite.
Also given a non – zero set of values ( x1 , x2 , x3 ) which makes this quadratic form zero.
(M/J 2009)

8. Reduce the quadratic form 10 x12 + 2 x22 + 5 x32 + 6 x2 x3 − 10 x3 x1 − 4 x1 x2 to a

Canonical form through an orthogonal transformation and hence find rank, index,
signature, nature and also give n0n – zero set of values for x1 , x2 , x3 (if they exist), that
will make the quadratic form zero. (Jan 2010)

9. Reduce the quadratic form x 2 + y 2 + z 2 − 2 xy − 2 yz − 2 zx to canonical form through

an orthogonal transformation. Write down the transformation. (M/J 2012)

Unit – II (Three Dimensional Analytical Geometry)

• Sphere
1. Find the equation of the sphere passing through the points
( 0, 0, 0 ) , ( 0,1, −1) , ( −1, 2, 0 ) and ( 1, 2, 3 ) . (N/D 2011)(AUT)

2. Obtain the equation of the sphere having the circle x 2 + y 2 + z 2 = 9 , x + y + z = 3 as

a great circle. (Jan 2009)

3. Obtain the equation of the sphere having the circle x 2 + y 2 + z 2 + 10 y − 4 z − 8 = 0 ,

x + y + z = 3 as the greatest circle. (Jan 2012),(M/J 2012)

4. Find the equation to the sphere passing through the circle x 2 + y 2 + z 2 = 9,

x + y + z = 1 and cuts orthogonally the sphere
x 2 + y 2 + z 2 + 2 x − 4 y − 16 z + 17 = 0 . (M/J 2010)

5. Find the equation of the sphere passing through the circle

x 2 + y 2 + z 2 + x − 3 y + 2 z − 1 = 0, 2 x + 5 y − z + 7 = 0 and cuts orthogonally the
sphere x 2 + y 2 + z 2 − 3 x + 5 y − 7 z − 6 = 0 . (N/D 2010)

6. Find the equation of the sphere having its centre on the plane 4 x − 5 y − z = 3 and
passing through the circle x 2 + y 2 + z 2 − 2 x − 3 y + 4 z + 8 = 0 ; x − 2 y + z = 8 .
(N/D 2010)

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7. Find the equation of the sphere described on the line joining the points ( 2, −1, 4 ) and

( −2, 2, −2 ) as diameter. Find the area of the circle in which this sphere is cut by the
plane 2 x + y − z = 3 . (Jan 2009)

8. Find the equation of the sphere of radius 3 and whose centre lies on the
x −1 y −1 z
line = = at a distance 2 from ( 1,1, 0 ) . (A/M 2011)
1 2 2

9. Find the equations of the spheres which pass through the circle x 2 + y 2 + z 2 = 5 and
x + 2 y + 3 z = 3 and touch the plane 4 x + 3 y = 15 . (M/J 2009)

10. Find the equation of the sphere which passes through the circle
x 2 + y 2 + z 2 − 2 x − 4 y = 0 , x + 2 y + 3 z = 0 and touch the plane 4 x + 3 y = 25 .
(Jan 2011)(AUT)

11. Show that the plane 2 x − 2 y + z + 12 = 0 touches the sphere

x 2 + y 2 + z 2 − 2 x − 4 y + 2 z = 3 and find also the point of contact.
(M/J 2009), (N/D 2011)(AUT)

12. Find the two tangent planes to the sphere x 2 + y 2 + z 2 − 4 x + 2 y − 6 z + 5 = 0 , which

are parallel to the plane x + 4 y + 8 z = 0 . Find their point of contact.
(Jan 2010),(M/J 2012)

13. Obtain the equation of the tangent planes to the sphere

x 2 + y 2 + z 2 + 2 x − 4 y + 6 z − 7 = 0 , which intersect in the line
6 x − 3 y − 23 = 0 = 3 z + 2 . (Jan 2012)

14. Find the equation of the tangent lines to the circle

3 x 2 + 3 y 2 + 3 z 2 − 2 x − 3 y − 4 z − 22 = 0 , 3 x + 4 y + 5 z − 26 = 0 at the point
(1, 2, 3) . (Jan 2011)(AUT)

15. Find the centre, radius and area of the circle given by
x 2 + y 2 + z 2 + 2 x − 2 y − 4 z − 19 = 0 , x + 2 y + 2 z + 7 = 0 . (Jan 2010),(M/J 2010)

• Cone
1. Find the equation of the right circular cone whose vertex is at the origin and axis is the
x y z
line = = and which has semi vertical angle of 30°. (Jan 2009),(N/D 2010)
1 2 3

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2. Find the equation of the right circular cone generated by revolving the line
x = 0, y − z = 0 about the axis x = 0, z = 2 . (M/J 2009)

3. Find the equation of the right circular cone generated when the straight line which is
the intersection of the planes 2 y + 3 z = 6 and x = 0 revolves about the z − axis with
constant angle. (Jan 2011)(AUT),(M/J 2012)

4. Find the equation of the cone whose vertex is ( 1, 2, 3 ) and whose guiding curve is the

circle x 2 + y 2 + z 2 = 4, x + y + z = 1 . (M/J 2009), (N/D 2011)(AUT)

5. Find the equation of the cone with vertex at ( 1,1,1) and passing through curve of

intersection of x 2 + y 2 + z 2 = 1 and x + y + z = 1 . (A/M 2011)

6. Find the equation of the cone formed by rotating the line 2 x + 3 y = 5, z = 0 about the
y – axis. (Jan 2010)

7. Find the equation of the cone whose vertex is the point ( 1,1, 0 ) and whose base is the

curve y = 0, x 2 + z 2 = 4 . (M/J 2010)

8. Find the equation of the cone formed by rotating the line 2 x + 3 y = 6, z = 0 about the
y – axis. (Jan 2012)

• Cylinder
1. Find the equation of the right circular cylinder whose axis is the line x = 2 y = − z and
radius 4. (Jan 2009)

2. Find the equation of the right circular cylinder of radius 3 and axis
x −1 y − 3 z − 5
= = . (Jan 2010),(M/J 2010),(A/M 2011),(M/J 2012)
2 2 −1

x −1 y − 2 z − 3
3. Find the equation of the right circular cylinder whose axis is = = and
2 1 2
radius 2. (N/D 2010),(Jan 2012)

4. Find the equation of the right circular cylinder of radius 5 whose axis is the line
x −1 y − 2 z − 3
= = . (N/D 2011)(AUT)
2 1 2

5. Find the equation of the right circular cylinder which passes through the circle
x 2 + y 2 + z 2 = 9, x − y + z = 3 . (Jan 2011)(AUT)

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Unit – III (Differential Calculus)

• Radius of Curvature and Circle of curvature

a a
1. Find the radius of curvature of the curve x+ y = a at  ,  . (Jan 2009)
4 4

a a
2. Find the circle of curvature at  ,  on x + y = a .
4 4
(M/J 2010),(N/D 2010),(A/M 2011), (N/D 2011)(AUT),(Jan 2012),(M/J 2012)

3. Find the equation of circle of curvature of the parabola y 2 = 12 x at the point ( 3, 6 ) .

(Jan 2009)

4. Find the equation of circle of curvature of the rectangular hyperbola xy = 12 at the

point ( 3, 4 ) . (Jan 2010)

 x
5. Find the radius of curvature at the point ( 0, c ) on the curve y = c cosh  .
c
(M/J 2009)

 3a 3a 
6. Find the radius of curvature at the point  ,  on the curve x 3 + y 3 = 3axy .
 2 2 

(N/D 2011)(AUT)

7. ( )
Find the radius of curvature at the point a cos 3 θ , a sin 3 θ on the curve

x 2/ 3 + y 2/ 3 = a 2/ 3 . (M/J 2009)

a3 − x3
8. Find the radius of curvature at ( a , 0 ) on y 2 = . (Jan 2010)
x

3a
9. Prove that the radius of curvature of the curve xy 2 = a 3 − x 3 at the point (a , 0) is .
2
(N/D 2010)

10. Find the radius of curvature at any point of the cycloid x = a (θ + sin θ ) ,

y = a ( 1 − cos θ ) . (M/J 2010),(M/J 2012)

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11. Find the radius of curvature of the curve x = 3a cos θ − a cos 3θ ,

y = 3a sin θ − a sin 3θ . (A/M 2011)

2
 2ρ 
2/ 3 2
ax  x  y
12. If y = , prove that   =   +   , where ρ is the radius of
a+ x  a   y  x
curvature. (Jan 2012)

• Evolute
1. Show that the evolute of the parabola y 2 = 4ax is the curve 27ay 2 = 4( x − 2a )3 .
(Jan 2010),(M/J 2010)

2. Find the equation of the evolute of the parabola y 2 = 4ax .

(Jan 2011)(AUT),(Jan 2012),(M/J 2012)

x2 y2
3. Find the evolute of the hyperbola − =1. (N/D 2010),(N/D 2011)(AUT)
a 2 b2

4. Obtain the equation of the evolute of the curve x = a ( cos θ + θ sin θ ) ,

y = a ( sin θ − θ cos θ ) . (M/J 2009)

5. Show that the evolute of the cycloid x = a (θ − sin θ ) , y = a ( 1 − cos θ ) is another

cycloid. (A/M 2011)

• Envelope
1. Find the envelope of the family of straight lines x cos α + y sin α = c sin α cos α ,
α being the parameter. (A/M 2011)

x y
2. Find the envelope of the straight line + = 1 , where a and b are parameters that
a b
are connected by the relation a + b = c . (Jan 2009),(M/J 2009)

x y
3. Find the envelope of + = 1 , where a and b are connected by the relation
a b
a 2 + b 2 = c 2 , c being constant. (N/D 2010)

x y
4. Find the envelope of the straight line + = 1 where the parameters a and b are
a b
connected by the relation a n + b n = c n , c being a constant. (N/D 2011)(AUT)

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x y
5. Find the envelope of + = 1 , where the parameters l and m are connected by the
l m
l m
relation + = 1 ( a and b are constants). (Jan 2012)
a b

x y
6. Find the envelope of the straight line + = 1 , where a and b are connected by the
a b
relation ab = c 2 , c is a constant. (Jan 2010),(M/J 2010)

x2 y2
7. Find the envelope of the system of ellipses 2 + 2 = 1 , where a and b are connected
a b
by the relation ab = 4 . (M/J 2012)

• Evolute as the envelope of normals

x2 y2
1. Find the evolute of the hyperbola − = 1 considering it as the envelope of its
a 2 b2
normals. (Jan 2009)

Unit – IV (Functions of several variables)

• Euler’s Theorem
1. If u = x y , show that uxxy = uxyx . (Jan 2009)

2. ( )
If u = log x 2 + y 2 + tan −1 ( y / x ) prove that uxx + u yy = 0 .
(Jan 2009),(N/D 2010)

x+ y ∂u ∂u − 1
3. If u = cos −1 , prove that x +y = cot u . (N/D 2011)(AUT)
x+ y ∂x ∂y 2

x+ y ∂ 2u ∂ 2u 2 ∂ u
2
− sin u cos 2u
4. If u = sin −1 , prove that x 2 + 2 xy + y = .
x+ y ∂x 2
∂x ∂y ∂y 2
4cos 3 u
(A/M 2011)

 x2 + y2 
−1 ∂u ∂u
5. If u = sin   , prove that (1) x +y = tan u and (2)
 x+ y  ∂x ∂y
∂ 2u ∂ 2u 2 ∂ u
2
x2 + 2 xy + y = tan 2 u . (Jan 2011)(AUT)
∂x 2
∂x ∂y ∂y 2

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• Total derivatives
x y z ∂u ∂u ∂u
1. If u = f  , ,  , prove that x +y +z = 0. (M/J 2009)
 y z x ∂x ∂y ∂z

2. If z = f ( x , y ) , where x = u 2 − v 2 , y = 2uv , prove that

∂2z ∂2z 2  ∂ z ∂2z 
( )  ∂x 2 ∂y 2  .
2
+ = 4 u 2
+ v + (Jan 2010),(Jan 2012)
∂u 2 ∂v 2  

3. If x = u cos α − v sin α , y = u sin α + v cos α and V = f ( x , y ) , show that

∂ 2V ∂ 2V ∂ 2V ∂ 2V
+ = + . (Jan 2011)(AUT)
∂x 2 ∂y 2 ∂u 2 ∂v 2

4. If u = f ( x , y ) where x = r cos θ , y = r sin θ , prove that

2
 ∂u   ∂u   ∂u  1  ∂u 
2 2 2

 ∂x  +  y  =  r  + r 2  ∂θ  . (M/J 2010)
  ∂  ∂   

du
5. If u = x 2 + y 2 + z 2 and x = e 2 t , y = e 2 t cos 3t , z = e 2 t sin 3t , Find .
dt
(N/D 2011)(AUT)

• Taylor’s expansion
1. Find the Taylor series expansion of e x sin y at the point ( −1, π / 4 ) up to 3rd degree
terms. (Jan 2009),(M/J 2009)

 π
2. Find the Taylor’s series expansion of e x cos y in the neighborhood of the point  1, 
 4
upto third degree terms. (N/D 2010)

3. Expand e x log(1 + y ) in power of x and y upto terms of third degree using Taylor’s
theorem. (N/D 2011)(AUT)

4. Find the Taylor’s series expansion of x 2 y 2 + 2 x 2 y + 3 xy 2 in powers of ( x + 2) and

( y − 1) upto 3rd degree terms. (Jan 2010),(M/J 2010),(Jan 2012)

5. Use Taylor’s formula to expand the function defined by f ( x , y ) = x 3 + y 3 + xy 2 in

powers of ( x − 1) and ( y − 2) . (A/M 2011)

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6. Expand x 2 y + 3 y − 2 in powers of ( x − 1) and ( y + 2) upto 3rd degree terms.

(M/J 2012)

• Maxima and Minima

1. Find the extreme values of the function f ( x , y ) = x 3 + y 3 − 3 x − 12 y + 20 .
(Jan 2010),(A/M 2011),(Jan 2012)
2. Find the maximum and minimum values of x − xy + y − 2 x + y .
2 2
(M/J 2012)
3. Discuss the maxima and minima of the function f ( x , y ) = x + y − 2 x + 4 xy − 2 y 2 .
4 4 2

(N/D 2010)
4. Test for an extrema of the function f ( x , y ) = x + y − x − y − 1 .
4 4 2 2
(Jan 2011)(AUT)
5. Examine the function f ( x , y ) = x y 3 2
( 12 − x − y ) for extreme values. (M/J 2009)

6. Find the maximum value of x m y n z p subject to the condition x + y + z = a .

(Jan 2009)
7. A rectangular box open at the top, is to have a volume of 32 cc. Find the dimensions of
the box, that requires the least material for its construction.
(M/J 2010), (N/D 2011)(AUT),(M/J 2012)
8. Find the volume of the greatest rectangular parallelepiped inscribed in the ellipsoid
x2 y2 z2
whose equation is + + = 1. (M/J 2009)
a 2 b2 c 2

• Jacobians
∂( x, y, z )
1. Find the Jacobian of the transformation x = r sin θ cos φ , y = r sin θ sin φ
∂ ( r ,θ , φ )
and z = r cos θ . (Jan 2009),(A/M 2011)

∂( x, y, z )
2. If x + y + z = u, y + z = uv , z = uvw prove that = u2v .
∂ ( u, v , w )
(Jan 2010),(Jan 2012)

x2 x3 x x
3. Find the Jacobian of y1 , y2 , y3 with respect to x1 , x2 , x3 if y1 = , y2 = 3 1 ,
x1 x2
x1 x2
y3 = . (N/D 2010)
x3

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Unit – V (Multiple Integrals)

• Simple problems on double integral

No recent problem from this topic

• Change of order of integration

∞∞
e− y
1. Evaluate ∫0 ∫x y dxdy by changing the order of integration. (N/D 2010),(A/M 2011)

a a2 − y2

2. Change the order of integration in ∫ ∫

0 a− y
y dxdy and then evaluate it. (M/J 2009)

1 2− x
3. Change the order of integration ∫∫
0 x2
xy dxdy and hence evaluate.

(Jan 2010),(M/J 2012)

a 2a − x
4. Change the order of integration in the interval ∫ ∫ 2
0 x /a
xy dydx and hence evaluate it.

(M/J 2010)

1 2− y

5. Change the order of integration and hence find the value of ∫∫

0 y
xy dxdy .

(N/D 2011)(AUT)

3 6/ x

6. Change the order of integration and hence evaluate ∫∫

1 y=0
x 2 dydx . (Jan 2009)

a a+ a − y
2 2

7. Change the order of integration ∫ ∫

0 a − a2 − y2
xy dxdy and hence evaluate it.

(Jan 2011)(AUT)

b ( a2 − x2 )
a a
8. Change the order of integration in ∫ ∫
0 0
x 2 dydx and then evaluate it.

(Jan 2012)

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• Change into polar coordinates

a a
x 2 dxdy
1. Express ∫∫ in polar coordinates and then evaluate it. (M/J 2009)
( x2 + y2 )
3/ 2
0 y

∞∞
(
− x2 + y2 ) dxdy by converting to polar coordinates. Hence deduce the value
2. Evaluate ∫∫e
0 0
∞

∫e
− x2
of dx . (Jan 2010),(N/D 2010)
0

2 2 x − x2

∫ ∫ (x + y 2 ) dydx into polar coordinates and hence

2
3. Transform the integral
0 0

evaluate it. (A/M 2011)

 x2 y2 
4. By Transforming into polar coordinates, evaluate ∫ ∫  x 2 + y 2  dxdy over annular
region between the circles x 2 + y 2 = 16 and x 2 + y 2 = 4 . (M/J 2010)

a a2 − x2
dxdy
5. Transform the double integral ∫ ∫
0 a2 − x2 − y2
into polar co-ordinates and then
ax − x 2

evaluate it. (Jan 2012)

6. Transform the integral into polar coordinates and hence evaluate

a a2 − x2

∫ ∫
0 0
x 2 + y 2 dydx . (Jan 2012)

• Area as a double integral

1. Find the area bounded by the parabolas y 2 = 4 − x and y 2 = x by double integration.
(N/D 2010)

2. Find, by double integration, the area enclosed by the curves y 2 = 4ax and x 2 = 4ay .
(Jan 2010),(A/M 2011)

3. Find, by double integration, the area between the two parabolas 3 y 2 = 25 x and
5 x2 = 9 y . (M/J 2012)

4. Find the area common to y 2 = 4 x and x 2 = 4 y using double integration.

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(N/D 2011)(AUT)

5. Evaluate ∫ ∫ ( x − y ) dxdy over the region between the line y = x and the
parabola y = x 2 . (Jan 2011)(AUT)

6. Find the smaller of the areas bounded by the ellipse 4 x 2 + 9 y 2 = 36 and the straight line
2x + 3 y = 6 . (Jan 2012)

7. Find the area inside the circle r = a sin θ but lying outside the cardioids
r = a ( 1 − cos θ ) . (Jan 2009)

∫ ( 3 xy + y 3 ) dx + ( x 3 + 3 xy 2 ) dy  where C is the parabola y 2 = 4ax from

2
8. Evaluate
C

( 0, 0 ) to ( a , 2a ) . (M/J 2009)

• Triple integral
a b c
1. Evaluate
∫ ∫ ∫(x + y 2 + z 2 ) dxdydz . (Jan 2009)
2

0 0 0

log 2 x x + y

2. Evaluate ∫∫∫
0 0 0
e x + y + z dxdydz . (M/J 2009)

a a2 − x2 a2 − x2 − y2
1
3. Evaluate ∫ ∫
0 0
∫
0 a − x − y2 − z2
2 2
dzdydx . (N/D 2011)(AUT)

1 1− x 2 1− x 2 − y 2
dxdydz
4. Evaluate ∫ ∫
0 0
∫0 1 − x2 − y2 − z2
. (Jan 2012)

5. Using triple integration, find the volume of the sphere x 2 + y 2 + z 2 = a 2 .

(N/D 2010)

x2 y2 z2
6. Find the volume of the ellipsoid + + = 1. (Jan 2010),(A/M 2011)
a 2 b2 c 2

x y z
7. Find the volume of the tetrahedran bounded by the plane + + = 1 and the
a b c
coordinate plane x = 0, y = 0, z = 0 . (M/J 2010)

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∫∫∫ x
2
8. Evaluate yz dxdydz taken over the tetrahedron bounded by the planes
x y z
x = 0, y = 0, z = 0 and + + = 1. (Jan 2011)(AUT)
a b c

1
9. Change to spherical polar co – ordinates and hence evaluate ∫∫∫ x
V
2
+ y2 + z2
dxdydz ,

where V is the volume of the sphere x + y + z = a .

2 2 2 2
(Jan 2009)

10. Find the value of ∫ ∫ ∫ xyz dxdydz through the positive spherical octant for which
x2 + y2 + z2 ≤ a2 . (M/J 2010)

dzdydx
11. Evaluate ∫∫∫ ( x + y + z + 1) 3
where V is the region bounded by x = 0, y = 0,

z = 0, x + y + z = 1 . (N/D 2011)(AUT)

---- All the Best ----

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NAME OF THE SUBJECT : Engineering Mathematics – I

SUBJECT CODE : 181101/ MA 2111
NAME OF THE METERIAL : Formula Material
MATERIAL CODE : JM08AM1001

Unit – I (Matrices)
1. The Characteristic equation of matrix A is
a)  2  S1  S 2  0 if A is 2 X 2 matrix

Where S1  Sum of the main diagonal elements.

S2  A

b)  3  S1 2  S 2   S 3  0 if A is 3 X 3 matrix

Where S1  Sum of the main diagonal elements.

S2  Sum of the minors of the main diagonal elements.
S3  A

2. To find the eigen vectors solve  A   I  X  0 .

3. Property of eigen values:

Let A be any matrix then
a) Sum of the eigen values = Sum of the main diagonal.
b) Product of the eigen values = A

c) If the matrix A is triangular then diagonal elements are eigen values.

1
d) If  is an eigen value of a matrix A, the is the eigen value of A1 .

e) If 1 , 2 , ...n are the eigen values of a matrix A, then 1m , 2m ,...nm are

eigen values of Am .( m being a positive integer)

f) The eigen values of A & AT are same.
4. Cayley-Hamilton Theorem:
Every square matrix satisfies its own characteristic equation. (ie) A   I  0 .

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1 1
coeff ( x 12 ) coeff ( x1 x2 ) coeff ( x1 x3 )
2 2
1 1
5. Matrix of Q.F  coeff ( x2 x1 ) coeff ( x 22 ) coeff ( x2 x3 )
2 2
1 1
coeff ( x3 x1 ) coeff ( x3 x2 ) coeff ( x 32 )
2 2
6. Index = p = Number of positive eigen values
Rank = r = Number of non-zero rows
Signature = s = 2p-r
7. Diagonalisation of a matrix by orthogonal transformation (or) orthogonal
reduction:
Working Rules:
Let A be any square matrix of order n.

Step:1 Find the characteristic equation.

Step:2 Solve the characteristic equation.

Step:3 Find the eigen vectors.

Step:4 Form a normalized model matrix N, such that the eigen vectors are orthogonal.
Step:5 Find NT .
Step:6 Calculate D=N T AN .

Note:
We can apply orthogonal transformation for symmetric matrix only.
If any two eigen values are equal then we must use a, b, c method for third eigen vector.

Unit – II (Three Dimensional Analytical Geometry)

1. Equation of the sphere, general form x 2  y 2  z 2  2ux  2vy  2wz  d  0 ,
centre  u, v,  w  , radius r  u2  v 2  w2  d .
2. Equation of the sphere with centre  a, b, c  , radius r is
 x  a    y  b   z  c 
2 2 2
 r2 .
3. Equation of the sphere with centre origin and radius r is x 2  y 2  z 2  r 2 .
4. Equation of circle:

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The curve of intersection of a sphere by a plane is a circle. So, a circle can

be represented by two equations, one being the equation of a sphere and the
other that of a plane. Thus, the equation x 2  y 2  z 2  2ux  2vy  2wz  d  0,
x  my  nz  p taken together represent a circle.
5. Tangent plane:
Equation of tangent plane of sphere at the point  x1 , y1 , z1  is
xx1  yy1  zz1  u  x  x1   v  y  y1   w  z  z1   d  0 .
6. Condition for the plane x  my  nz  p to be a tangent plane to the
sphere  u  mv  nw  p  
2
 2
 m 2  n2  u2  v 2  w 2  d  .
7. Condition for the spheres to cut orthogonally 2u1u2  2v1v2  2w1 w2  d1  d 2 .
8. Equation of Right Circular Cone is
  x     m  y     n  z       2  m 2  n2   x      y      z     cos 2 
2 2 2 2

 

9. Equation of Right Circular Cylinder is

 n  y     m  z        z     n  x       m  x      y      r2   m 2  n2 
2 2 2 2

If radius is not given

 x     m  y     n  z    
2

r   x     y     z    
2 2 2 2
.
2
 m 2  n2

Unit – III (Differential Calculus)

1. Curvature of a circle = Reciprocal of it’s radius
3

2. Radius of curvature with Cartesian form  

 1  y12  2

y2

3. Radius of curvature if y1   ,  
 1  x12  2
, where x1 
dx
x2 dy

f 
3
2
 f 2 2
x y
4. Radius of curvature in implicit form  
f xx f  2 f xy f x f y  f yy f y2
2
y

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5. Radius of curvature with paramatic form  

 x 2  y 2  2

xy  xy

6. Centre of curvature is  x, y  .

7. Circle of curvature is  x  x    y  y    2 .
2 2

where x  x 

y1 1  y12 , y  y
1  y  2
1

y2 y2

8. Evolute: The locus of centre of curvature of the given curve is called evolute of

the curve. x  x

y1 1  y12 , y  y
1  y  2
1

y2 y2

9. Envelope: The envelope is a curve which meets each members of a family of

curve.
If the given equation can be rewrite as quadratic equation in parameter, (ie)
A 2  B  C  0 where A, B, C are functions of x and y then the envelope is

B 2  4 AC  0 .
10. Evolute as the envelope of normals.
Equations Normal equations
y 2  4ax y  xt  at 3  2at

x 2  4ay x  yt  at 3  2at

x2 y2 ax by
 1   a 2  b2
a 2 b2 cos  sin 

x2 y2 ax by
 1   a 2  b2
a 2 b2 sec tan 
2 2 2 x cos   y sin   a cos 2
x3  y3  a3

xy  c 2 c
y  xt 2   ct 3
t

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Unit – IV (Functions of several variables)

1. Euler’s Theorem:
If f is a homogeneous function of x and y in degree n , then

f f
(i) x y  nf (first order)
x y

2 f 2 f 2  f
2
(ii) x 2   2 xy  y  n  n  1 f (second order)
x 2 x y y 2

du u dx u dy u dz
2. If u  f ( x, y, z ) , x  g1 ( t ), y  g2 ( t ), z  g3 (t ) then   
dt x dt y dt z dt

3. If u  f ( x , y ), x  g1 ( r , ), y  g2 ( r , ) then

u u x u y u u x u y
(i)   (ii)  
r x r y r  x  y  

4. Maxima and Minima :

Working Rules:
Step:1 Find f x and f y . Put f x  0 and f y  0 . Find the value of x and y.

Step:2 Calculate r  f xx , s  f xy , t  f yy . Now   rt  s 2

Step:3 i. If   0 , then the function have either maximum or minimum.

1. If r  0  Maximum
2. If r  0  Minimum
ii. If   0, then the function is neither Maximum nor Minimum, it is
called Saddle Point.
iii. If   0, then the test is inconclusive.
5. Maxima and Minima of a function using Lagrange’s Multipliers:
Let f ( x , y , z ) be given function and g( x, y, z ) be the subject to the condition.

Form F ( x, y, z )  f ( x, y, z )   g( x, y, z ) , Putting Fx  Fy  Fz  F  0 and

then find the value of x,y,z. Next we can discuss about the Max. and Min.

6. Jacobian:

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u u
 u, v   ( u, v ) x y
Jacobian of two dimensions: J   
 x , y   ( x , y ) v v
x y

 ( u, v )
7. The functions u and v are called functionally dependent if  0.
( x, y)

 ( u, v )  ( x , y )
8.  1
 ( x , y )  ( u, v )
9. Taylor’s Expansion:

f ( x , y )  f (a , b) 
1
1!
 
hf x (a , b)  kf y (a , b) 
1 2
2!
 
h f xx (a , b)  2hkf xy (a , b)  k 2 f yy (a , b )


1 3
3!
 
h f xxx (a , b)  3h2 kf xxy (a , b)  3hk 2 f xyy (a , b)  k 3 f yyy (a , b)  ...

where h  x  a and k  y  b

Unit – V (Multiple Integrals)

 
b x
1. f ( x , y )dxdy x : a to b and y : o to x (Here the first integral is w.r.t. y)
a 0

 
b y
2. f ( x , y )dxdy x : 0 to y and y : a to b (Here the first integral is w.r.t. x)
a 0

3. Area   dxdy (or)  dydx

R R

x  r cos 
To change the polar coordinate y  r sin 
dxdy  rdrd
4. Volume   dxdydz (or)  dzdydx
V V

GENERAL:

dx  x dx
1.   sin1   (or)   sin 1  x 
a x2
a
2
1 x 2

2.  a x
dx
2 2 
 log x  a 2  x 2  (or) 
dx
1 x 2 
 log x  1  x 2 
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dx 1  x dx
3. a  tan 1   (or)  1 x  tan 1  x 
2
x 2
a a
2

x 2 a2  x
4.  a 2  x 2 dx 
2
a  x 2  sin 1  
2 a
 /2  /2
n1 n 3 2
5. 
0
sinn x dx   cos n x dx 
0
.
n n2 3
... .1 if n is odd and n  3

 /2  /2
n1 n 3 1 
 sin x dx   cosn x dx 
n
6. . ... . if n is even
0 0
n n2 2 2

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SUBJECT NAME : Engineering Mathematics – I

SUBJECT CODE : 181101/MA 2111
MATERIAL NAME : Part – A questions
MATERIAL CODE : JM08AM1013

Name of the Student: Branch:

Unit – I (Matrices)

 1 0 0 
 
1. Given : A   2 3 0  . Find the eigen values of A2 .
 1 4 2
 

 1 1 3
 
2. If 3 and 6 are two eigen values of A   1 5 1  , write down all the eigen values
 3 1 1
 
of A1 .

 0 5  1

3. Write down the quadratic form corresponding to the matrix A  5 1 6 .

 
 1 6 2 

 6 2 2 
 
4. The product of two eigenvalues of the matrix A   2 3 1  is 16. Find the third
 2 1 3 
 
eigenvalue of A .

5. For a given matrix A of order 3, A  32 and two of its eigen values are 8 and 2.

 cos  sin  0
 
6. Check whether the matrix B is orthogonal? Justify. B    sin  cos  0.
 0 1 
 0

 1 0
7. Can A    be diagonalized? Why?
 0 1

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8. If the sum of two eigen values and trace of a 3 X 3 matrix A are equal, Find the value
of A .

9. Use Cayley – Hamilton theorem to find

 1 2
A 4
 4 A3  5 A2  A  2 I  when A   .
 4 3

10. If 1 and 2 are the eienvalues of a 2 X 2 matrix A, what are the eigenvalues of A2 and A-1?

11. State Cayley – Hamilton theorem.

12. Find the nature of the Quadratic Form x12  2 x22  x32  2 x1 x2  2 x2 x3 .

Unit – II (Three Dimensional Analytical Geometry)

1. Write the equation of the tangent plane at 1,5,7  to the sphere

 x  2   y  3   z  4
2 2 2
 14 .

2. Find the equation of the tangent plane at  1,4, 2 on the sphere x 2  y 2  z 2

2 x  4 y  2 z  3  0 .

3. Find the equation of the tangent plane to the sphere x 2  y 2  z 2 2 x  4 y

6z  6  0 at 1, 2, 3 .

4. Find the equation of the sphere concentric with x 2  y 2  z 2  4 x  6 y  8 z  4  0

and passing through the point 1, 2, 3 .

5. Find the equation of the sphere having the points  2, 3,4 and  1,5,7  as the ends
of a diameter.

6. Check whether the two spheres x 2  y 2  z 2  6 y  2 z  8  0 and

x 2  y 2  z 2  6 x  8 y  4 z  20  0 are orthogonal.

 
7. Find the centre and radius of the sphere 2 x 2  y 2  z 2  6 x  6 y  8z  9  0 .

8. Find the equation of the right circular cone whose vertex is at the origin and axis is the
x y z
line   having semi vertical angel of 45°.
1 2 3

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9. Find the equation of the cone whose vertex is the origin and guiding curve is
x2 y2 z2
   1, x  y  z  1 .
4 9 1

10. Find the equation of the right circular cone whose vertex is the origin, axis is the y –
axis, and semi – vertical angle is 30⁰.

11. Write down the equation of the right circular cone whose vertex is at the origin, semi
vertical angel is  and axis is along z-axis.

Unit – III (Differential Calculus)

x
1. For the catenary y  c cosh , find the curvature.
c

2. Find the radius of curvature for y  e x at the point where it cuts the y – axis.

3. Define the circle of curvature at a point p  x1 , y1  on the curve y  f ( x ) .

4. Find the curvature of the curve 2 x 2  2 y 2  5 x  2 y  1  0 .

5. Write down the formula for Radius of curvature in terms of Parametric Coordinates
System.

6. Find the envelope of the lines y  mx  a 2 m 2  b2 where m is the parameter.

a
7. Find the envelope of family of straight lines y  mx  , m being the parameter.
m

1
8. Find the envelope of the family of straight lines y  mx  , where m is a parameter.
m

9. Write the properties of Evolutes.

10. Find the envelope of the family of straight lines x cos   y sin    where  is the
parameter.

11. Find the envelope of the family of circles  x     y 2  r 2 ,  being the parameter.
2

Unit – IV (Functions of several variables)

1. Using Euler’s theorem, given u( x , y ) is a homogeneous function of degree n , prove

that x 2uxx  2 xyuxy  y 2uyy  n(n  1)u .

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du
2. Using the definition of total derivative, find the value of given u  y 2  4ax ;
dt
x  at 2 , y  2at .

du
3. If u  x 3 y 2  x 2 y 3 where x  at 2 and y  2at then find ?
dt

du
4. Find if u  sin( x / y ) , where x  e t , y  t 2 .
dt

y2 x2  y2  ( u, v )
5. If u  ,v  , find .
2x 2x ( x, y)

6. If x  u2  v 2 and y  2uv , find the Jacobian of x and y with respect to u and v .

 ( u, v )
7. If u  2 xy , v  x 2  y 2 , x  r cos  , y  r sin  then compute ?
 ( r , )

8. Write the sufficient condition for f ( x , y ) to have a maximum value at (a,b).

( x, y)
9. If x  r cos  , y  r sin  find .
 ( r , )

 2u  2u
10. If u  x y , show that  .
x y yx

1  y
11. Given u( x , y )  x tan  , find the value of x2uxx  2 xyuxy  y2uyy .
2

 x

x y z u u u
12. If u    , find x y z .
y z x x y z

Unit – V (Multiple Integral)

1. Write down the double integral, to find the area between the circles r  2sin and
r  4sin
 sin
2. Evaluate 
0 0
r drd .

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1 x
3. Evaluate   xy  x  y  dxdy .
0 x

1 x2

 x  y 2  dydx .
2
4. Evaluate
0 0

a b
5. Evaluate   ( x  y) dxdy .
0 0

6. Evaluate   x dy  y dx  where C is the path

2 2
y  x from  0,0  to  1,1 .
C

7. * Evaluate  dxdy , where R is the shaded region in the figure.

R

1 2 x

8. Change the order of integration in I  

0 x2
f ( x , y ) dxdy .

1 x
9. Change the order of integration for the double integral   f ( x, y ) dxdy .
0 0

a a
10. Change the order of integration in   f ( x, y) dydx .
0 x

1 1

11. Change the order of integration   dxdy .

0 y


12. Express   f ( x, y ) dxdy in polar co-ordinates.
0 0

1 y x y
13. Evaluate  
0 0 0
dxdydz .

---- All the Best ----

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SUBJECT NAME : Engineering Mathematics – I

SUBJECT CODE : 181101/ MA 2111
MATERIAL NAME : Problem Material
MATERIAL CODE : JM08AM1002

Name of the Student: Branch:

Unit – I (Matrices)
• Cayley – Hamilton Theorem
 2 −1 2 
 
1) Verify that the matrix A =  −1 2 −1  satisfies its characteristic equation and
 1 −1 2 
 
4
hence find A .
2) Verify Cayley – Hamilton theorem and find the inverse of the matrix
 1 −1 1 

A =  0 1 0  .
 2 0 3
 
 2 −1 1 
4  
3) Using Cayley – Hamilton theorem, find A of the matrix  0 1 2  .
 1 0 1
 
 1 2 −1
4) If A =  3
 find A and A using Cayley – Hamilton theorem.
 3 4
 1 4
5) Find An using Cayley Hamilton theorem, taking A =  3
 . Hence find A .
 2 3
6) Use Cayley – Hamilton theorem to find the value of A8 − 5 A7 + 7 A6 − 3 A5
 2 1 1  8 5 5
   
+ A − 5 A + 8 A − 2 A + I where A =  0 1 0  .
4 3 2
Ans.:  0 3 0 
 1 1 2  5 5 8
   
• Eigen Values and Eigen Vectors of a given matrix
 2 2 1
 
1) Find the Eigen values and Eigen vectors of the matrix  1 3 1  .
 1 2 2
 

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 2 1 1
 
2) Find the eigen values and eigen vectors of A =  1 2 1  .
 0 0 1
 
 − 2 2 −3 
 
3) Find the eigen values and eigen vectors of A =  2 1 −6  .
 − 1 −2 0 
 
 1 −1 4

4) Find all the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the matrix 3 2 −1 .

 2 1 −1
 11 − 4 −7 
 
5) Find the eigen values and eigen vectors of the matrix A =  7 − 2 −5  .
 10 −4 −6 

• Diagonalisation of a Matrix
 2 −1 1 
 
1) Diagonalise the matrix  −1 2 −1  by orthogonal transformation.
 1 −1 2 
 
 4 0 0
 
Ans.:  0 1 0 
 0 0 1
 
 8 −6 2 
 
2) Diagonalise the matrix A =  −6 7 −4  by orthogonal transformation.
 2 −4 3 
 
0 0 0 
 
Ans.:  0 3 0 
 0 0 15 
 
• Quadratic form to Canonical form
1) Reduce the quadratic form 6 x 2 + 3 y 2 + 3 z 2 − 4 xy − 2 yz + 4 xz to canonical form
by orthogonal reduction.
2) Reduce the quadratic form x12 + 2 x22 + x32 − 2 x1 x2 + 2 x2 x3 to the canonical form
through an orthogonal transformation. Also find the rank, index, signature and
nature of the quadratic form.
3) Reduce the quadratic form 2 xy + 2 yz + 2 zx into canonical form by means of
orthogonal transformation. Find its nature.

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4) Reduce the quadratic form 2 x 2 + 5 y 2 + 3 z 2 + 4 xy to canonical form by orthogonal

reduction and state its nature.
5) The eigen vectors of a 3 X 3 real symmetric matrix A corresponding to the eigen
values 2, 3, 6 are [1, 0, − 1] , [1, 1, 1] , [ −1, 2, − 1] respectively, find the
T T T

 3 −1 1 
 
matrix A . Ans.:  −1 5 −1

 1 −1 3 
 

Unit – II (Three Dimensional Analytical Geometry)

• Sphere
1) Find the equation of the sphere which passes through the points ( 0, 0, 0 ) ,
( 0,1, −1) , ( −1, 2, 0 ) and ( 1, 2, 3 ) .
2) Find the equation of the sphere passing through the points ( 1,1, −1) , ( −5, 4, 2 ) ,
( 0, 2, 3 ) and having its centre on the plane 3 x + 4 y + 2 z = 6 .
3) Find the centre and radius of the circle given by
x 2 + y 2 + z 2 + 2 x − 2 y − 4 z − 19 = 0 and x + 2 y + 2 z + 7 = 0 .
4) Find the equation of the sphere through the circle
x 2 + y 2 + z 2 + 2 x + 3 y + 6 = 0, x − 2 y + 4 z − 9 = 0 and the centre of the sphere
x 2 + y2 + z 2 − 2 x + 4 y − 6z + 5 = 0 .
5) Find the equations of the spheres which passes through the circle x 2 + y 2 + z 2 = 5
and x + 2 y + 3 z = 3 and touch the plane 4 x + 3 y = 15 .
6) Find the equation of the sphere having the circle x 2 + y 2 + z 2 + 10 y − 4 z − 8 = 0,
x + y + z = 3 as a great circle.
7) Find the equation of the sphere that passes through the circle
x 2 + y 2 + z 2 + x − 3 y + 2 z − 1 = 0, 2x + 5 y − z + 7 = 0 and cuts orthogonally the
sphere x 2 + y 2 + z 2 − 3 x + 5 y − 7 z − 6 = 0 .

Equation of tangent plane to a sphere:

8) Show that the plane 2 x − 2 y + z + 12 = 0 touches the sphere x 2 + y 2 + z 2
−2 x − 4 y + 2 z = 3 also find the point of contact.
x−6 y−7 z−3
9) Show that the line = = touches the sphere
3 4 5
x 2 + y 2 + z 2 − 2 x − 4 y − 4 = 0 and find the coordinates of the point of contact.
10) Find the equations of the tangent planes to the sphere
x 2 + y 2 + z 2 − 4 x − 2 y − 6 z + 5 = 0 which are parallel to the plane
x + 4 y + 8 z = 0 . Find also their points of contact.

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11) Find the equations of the two tangent planes to the sphere
x 2 + y 2 + z 2 − 4 x + 2 y − 6 z − 11 = 0 which are parallel to the coordinate plane
x = 0.
• Cone
1) Find the equation of the cone whose vertex is ( 3,1, 2 ) and base curve
2 x 2 + 3 y 2 = 1, z = 1 .
2) Find the equation of the cone with vertex at ( 1, 2, 3 ) and the guiding curve is the
circle x 2 + y 2 + z 2 = 4, x + y + z = 1 .
3) Find the equation of the right circular cone whose vertex is the origin, whose axis is
x y z
the line = = and which has semi vertical angle of 30°.
1 2 3
4) Find the equation of the right circular cone whose vertex is ( 3, 2,1) , semi – vertical
x − 3 y − 2 z −1
angle 30° and the axis the line = = .
4 1 3
Ans.: 7 x 2 + 37 y 2 + 21z 2 − 16 xy − 12 yz − 48 zx + 38 x − 88 y + 126 z − 32 = 0
5) Find the semi vertical angle and the equation of the right circular cone having its
vertex at the origin and passing through the circle y 2 + z 2 = 25, x = 4 .
Ans.: 25 x 2 − 16 y 2 − 16 z 2 = 0
6) Find the equation of the right circular cone generated by the straight lines drawn
from the origin to cut the circle through the three points ( 1, 2, 2 ) , ( 2,1, −2 ) and
( 2, −2,1) . Ans.: 8 x 2 − 4 y 2 − 4 z 2 + 5 xy + yz + 5 zx = 0

• Cylinder
1) Find the equation of the right circular cylinder of radius 2 and having as axis of the
x −1 y − 2 z − 3
line = = .
2 1 2
Ans.: 5 x 2 + 8 y 2 + 5 z 2 − 4 xy − 4 yz − 8 zx + 22 x − 16 y − 14 z − 10 = 0
x − 2 y −1 z −0
2) Find the equation of the right circular cylinder whose axis is = =
2 1 3
and which passes through the point ( 0, 0, 3 ) .
Ans.: 10 x 2 + 13 y 2 + 5 z 2 − 4 xy − 6 yz − 12 zx − 36 x − 18 y + 30 z − 135 = 0
3) Find the right circular cylinder which has the circle
x 2 + y 2 + z 2 − 2 x − 4 y − 4 z − 1 = 0 , 2 x − y − 2 z + 13 = 0 as the guiding curve.
Ans.: 5 x 2 + 8 y 2 + 5 z 2 + 4 xy − 4 yz + 8 zx − 34 x − 28 y − 20 z + 56 = 0

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Unit – III (Differential Calculus)

• Radius of Curvature and Circle of curvature

1) Find the circle of the curvature of the curve x+ y = a at ( a / 4, a / 4 ) .

2) Find the radius of curvature at the point ( 3a / 2,3a / 2 ) on the curve

x 3 + y 3 = 3axy .

a3 − x3
3) Find the radius of curvature of the curve y =
2
at ( a ,0) .
x
4) Find the radius of curvature at the origin for the curve x3 + y3 + 2x2 − 4 y + 3x = 0 .

ax
5) For the curve y = if ρ is the radius of curvature any point ( x , y ) , show
a+ x
2
 2ρ 
2/ 3 2
 y  x
that   =  + 
 a   x  y

6) Show that the radius of curvature at the point ( a cos

3
θ , a sin 3 θ ) on the curve
x 2/3 + y 2/3 = a 2/3 is 3a sinθ cosθ .
7) Prove that the radius of curvature at any point of the cycloid x = a (θ + sinθ ) ,

y = a (1 − cosθ ) is 4a cos
θ.
2
8) Find the radius of curvature of the curve x = a(cos t + t sin t ) ,

x = a(sin t − t cos t ) at any point t.

9) Find the circle of curvature at (3,4) on xy = 12 .
10) Fin the equation of circle of curvature at (3,6) on y 2 = 12x .
11) Find the equation of the circle of curvature at (c, c ) on xy = c 2 .
12) Find the radius of curvature and centre of curvature at any point ( x, y) on the

curve y = c logsec x .
c

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13) Find the radius of curvature of the curve y = c cosh x at the point (0, c ) .
c

• Evolute
1) Find the equation of evolute of the parabola y 2 = 4ax .

2) Find the equation of evolute of the parabola x 2 = 4ay .

x2 y2
3) Find the equation of the evolute of the ellipse + = 1.
a 2 b2
x2 y2
4) Find the equation of the evolute of the hyperbola 2 − 2 = 1 .
a b
5) Show that the evolute of the cycloid x = a(θ − sinθ ) , y = a(1 − cosθ ) is
another cycloid.
6) Find the evolute of the curve x 2/ 3 + y 2/ 3 = a 2/ 3 .

7) Find the evolute of the rectangular hyperbola xy = c 2 .

 t
8) Show that the evolute of the tractrix x = a  cos t + log tan  , y = a sin t is
 2

x
the catenary y = a cosh .
a

• Envelope

1) Find the envelope of the family lines y = mx + a 2 m 2 + b 2 , where m is the

parameter.
ax by
2) Find the envelope of the family of straight lines − = a 2 − b 2 , θ being
cos θ sin θ
the parameter.
x cos α y sin α
3) Find the envelope of + = 1 , where α is the parameter.
a b
x y
4) Find the envelope of the family of straight lines + = 1 , where the
a b
parameters a and b are related by the equation a + b = c , c being a constant.

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x y
5) Find the envelope of the family of straight lines + = 1 , where the
a b
parameters a and b are related by the equation a + b = c , c being a
2 2 2

constant.
x y
6) Find the envelope of the family of straight lines + = 1 , where the
a b
parameters a and b are related by the equation a + b = c , c being a
n n n

constant.
x y
7) Find the envelope of the family of straight lines + = 1 , where ab = c 2 ,
a b
a , b are parameters.
x2 y2
8) Find the envelope of 2 + 2 = 1 , where a + b = c , a and b are the
a b
parameters and c is a constant.

x2 y2
9) Find the envelope of 2 + 2 = 1 , where a + b = c , a and b are the
2 2 2

a b
parameters and c is a constant.

x2 y2
10) Find the envelope of 2 + 2 = 1 , where a + b = c , a and b are the
n n n

a b
parameters and c is a constant.

x2 y2
11) Find the envelope of 2 + 2 = 1 , where ab = c , a and b are the parameters
2

a b
and c is a constant.

• Evolute as the envelope of normals

1) Find the evolute of the parabola y 2 = 4ax , treating it as the envelope of

normals.
2
2) Find the evolute of the parabola x = 4ay , treating it as the envelope of

normals.

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x2 y2
3) Find the evolute of the ellipse + = 1 as envelope of it’s normals.
a 2 b2
x2 y2
4) Find the evolute of the hyperbola − = 1 as envelope of it’s normals.
a 2 b2
5) Find the evolute of the curve xy = c as envelope of normals.
2

Unit – IV (Functions of several variables)

• Euler’s Theorem
1) If u is a homogeneous function of degree n in x and y . Show that
∂ 2u ∂ 2u 2 ∂ u
2
x2 + 2 xy + y = n ( n − 1) u .
∂x 2 ∂x ∂y ∂y 2
 x+ y  ∂u ∂u 1
2) If u = cos −1  +y + cot u = 0 .
 x + y 
, Prove that x
  ∂x ∂y 2
 x2 + y2 
3) If u = sin −1   , prove that
 x+ y 

∂u ∂u
(1) x +y = tan u and
∂x ∂y
∂ 2u ∂ 2u 2 ∂ u
2
(2) x 2 + 2 xy + y = tan 2 u
∂x 2 ∂x ∂y ∂y 2
 x+ y 
4) If u = sin −1 
 x + y 
, Prove that
 
∂ 2u ∂ 2u 2 ∂ u
2
− sin u cos 2u
x2 + 2 xy + y = .
∂x 2
∂x ∂y ∂y 2
4cos 3 u
• Total derivatives
( )
1) If u = log x 2 + y 2 + tan −1 ( y / x ) prove that uxx + u yy = 0 .
2) If z = f ( x , y ) where x = r cos θ , y = r sin θ , Show
2
 ∂z   ∂z   ∂z  1  ∂z 
2 2 2

that   +  =  + 2   .
 ∂x   ∂y   ∂r  r  ∂θ 
3) u is a function of x and y , x = r cos θ , y = r sin θ Show that
∂ 2 u ∂ 2 u ∂ 2 u 1 ∂u 1 ∂ 2 u
+ = + + .
∂x 2 ∂ y 2 ∂r 2 r ∂r r 2 ∂θ 2

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∂u ∂u ∂u
4) If u = f ( x − y , y − z , z − x ) , Show that + + = 0.
∂x ∂y ∂z
 y− x z− x ∂u ∂u 2 ∂u
5) If u =  ,  , Show that x 2 + y2 +z =0.
 xy xz  ∂x ∂y ∂z
6) If z be a function of u & v and u & v are other two variables x & y , such that
∂2z ∂2z 2  ∂ z ∂2z 
( )
2
u =
x + my , v =
y − mx . Show that + =
2
+ m  2 + 2 
.
∂x 2 ∂y 2  ∂u ∂v 
7) Given that the transformations u = e x cos y , v = e x sin y and that φ is the
function of u and v and also of x and y , Prove that
∂ 2φ ∂ 2φ 2  ∂ φ ∂ 2φ 
( )  ∂u 2 ∂v 2  .
2
+ = u 2
+ v +
∂x 2 ∂y 2  
8) If z = f ( x , y ) , where x = u 2 − v 2 and y = 2uv . Prove that
∂2z ∂2z 2  ∂ z ∂2z 
( )  ∂x 2 ∂y 2  .
2
+ = 4 u 2
+ v +
∂u 2 ∂v 2  
• Taylor’s expansion
1) Expand by Taylor’s series the function f ( x , y ) = x 2 y 2 + 2 x 2 y + 3 xy 2 in powers
of ( x + 2 ) and ( y − 1 ) upto the third powers.

 π
2) Expand e x cos y about  0,  upto the third term using Taylor’s series.
 2
3) Obtain terms upto the third degree in the Taylor series expansion of
 π
e x sin y around the point  1,  .
 2
 π
4) Find the Taylor series expansion of e x sin y at the point  −1, rd
 upto 3 degree
 4
terms.
5) Expand e x log ( 1 + y ) in powers of x and y upto the terms of third degree.

6) Expand f ( x , y ) = e xy in Taylor series in power of x − 1 and y − 1 upto second

dagree.
π
7) Expand the function sin xy in powers of x − 1 and y − upto second degree
2
terms.

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• Maxima and Minima

1) Find the extreme values of the function f ( x , y ) = x 3 + y 3 − 3 x − 12 y + 20 .
2) Examine the function f ( x , y ) = x 3 y 2 ( 12 − x − y ) for extreme values.

3) Find the maxima and minima of x 4 + y 4 − 2 x 2 + 4 xy − 2 y 2 .

4) Discuss the maxima and minima of the function x 3 + y 3 − 3axy .
5) In a plane triangle ABC , find the maximum value of cos A cos B cos C .
Problems of Lagrangian Multipliers:
6) A rectangular box open at the top, is to have a volume of 32 cc. Find the dimension
of the box, that requires the least material for its construction.
7) Find the dimension of the rectangular box without top of maximum capacity with
surface area 432 square meter.
8) Find the Maximum value of the largest rectangular parallelepiped that can be
x2 y2 z2
inscribed in an ellipsoid 2 + 2 + 2 = 1 .
a b c
9) The temperature u( x , y , z ) at any point in space is u = 400 xyz 2 . Find the highest
temperature on surface of the sphere x 2 + y 2 + z 2 = 1 .
10) Find the maximum and minimum values of x 2 + y 2 + z 2 subject to the condition
x + y + z = 3a .
11) Find the maximum value of x m y n z p , when x + y + z = a .
12) Find the shortest and the longest distance from the point ( 1, 2, −1 ) to the sphere

x 2 + y 2 + z 2 = 24 , using Lagrange’s method of constrained maxima and minima.

• Jacobians
∂ ( u, v )
1) If u = 2 xy , v = x 2 − y 2 while x = r cos θ , y = r sin θ . Prove that = −4r 3 .
∂ ( r ,θ )
∂( x, y, z )
2) If x + y + z = u, y + z = uv , z = uvw prove that = u2v .
∂ ( u, v , w )
∂( x, y, z )
3) Find the Jacobian of the transformation x = r sin θ cos φ ,
∂ ( r ,θ , φ )
y = r sin θ sin φ , z = r cos θ .
x2 x3
4) Find the Jacobian of y1 , y2 , y3 with respect to x1 , x2 , x3 if y1 = ,
x1
x3 x1 xx
y2 = , y3 = 1 2 .
x2 x3

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Unit – V (Multiple Integrals)

• Simple problems on double integral
a2 − x2
πa
a
1
1) Evaluate ∫ ∫
0 0 a2 − x2 − y2
dydx Ans.:
2
1+ x 2
π
( )
1
1
2) Evaluate ∫ ∫
0 0
1 + x2 + y2
dydx Ans.:
4
log 1 + 2

• Change of order of integration

π
a a
x
1) Change the order of integration of ∫∫ x0 y
2
+ y2
dxdy and evaluate it. Ans.:
4
a

a a+ a − y
2 2

2 4
2) Change the order of integration in ∫ ∫
0 a − a2 − y2
xy dxdy and evaluate it. Ans.:
3
a

∞ y − y2
1
3) Change the order of integration in ∫ ∫ ye
0 0
x
dxdy and evaluate it. Ans.:
2
a a2 − y2
a3
4) Change the order of integration in ∫ ∫
0 a− y
y dxdy and evaluate it. Ans.:
6
4 a 2 ax
64 4
5) By change of order of integration evaluate ∫ ∫ xy dydx . Ans.:
3
a
0 x2
4a

Note: Do the same problem by putting a = 1 .

a 2a − x
3 4
6) Change the order of integration and evaluate ∫ ∫ xy dxdy . Ans.:
8
a
0 x2
a

Note: Do the same problem by putting a = 1 .

1 2− y
1
7) Change the order of integration and evaluate ∫∫
0 y
xy dxdy . Ans.:
3
2− x 2
2− 2
1
x
8) Evaluate by changing the order of integration ∫ ∫ 0 x x +y
2 2
dydx . Ans.:
2

• Change into polar coordinates

2 x − x2
π
2
xdxdy
1) By changing into polar coordinates, evaluate ∫ ∫
0 0
x2 + y2
. Ans.:
2

Prepared by C.Ganesan, M.Sc., M.Phil., (Ph:9841168917) Page 11

Engineering Mathematics Material 2012

a a
x2
2) Evaluate by changing to polar coordinates ∫∫
0 y x2 + y2
dxdy .

Ans.:
a3
3
log ( 2 +1 )
a a
x2 a
3) Evaluate by changing to polar coordinates ∫∫ dxdy . Ans.:
(x + y2 )
3/ 2
0 y
2 2
2 a 2 ax − x 2
3π a 4
∫ ∫ (x + y 2 ) dydx . Ans.:
2
4) By changing into polar coordinates, evaluate
0 0
4
∞∞
(
− x2 + y2 ) dxdy . Hence prove that
5) By changing into polar coordinates, evaluate ∫∫e 0 0
∞
π π
∫e
−t2
dt = . Ans.:
0
2 4

• Area as a double integral

1) Using double integration find the area enclosed by the curves y = 2 x 2 and
2
y2 = 4 x . Ans.:
3
1
2) Using double integral, find the area bounded by y = x and y = x 2 . Ans.:
6
3) Find the smaller of the areas bounded by y = 2 − x and x + y = 4 . Ans.: π − 2
2 2

∫∫ ( x + y 2 ) dxdy where R is the region enclosed by x = 0, y = 0 and

2
4) Evaluate
R

1
x + y = 1. Ans.:
6
5) Evaluate ∫∫ xy dxdy where R is the domain bounded by X – axis, ordinate x = 2a
R

a4
and the curve x 2 = 4ay . Ans.:
3
6) Evaluate ∫∫ xy( x + y ) dxdy over the area between
R
y = x 2 and y = x .

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Engineering Mathematics Material 2012

• Triple integral
1 1− x 2 1− x 2 − y 2
dxdydz
1) Evaluate ∫ ∫
0 0
∫
0 1 − x2 − y2 − z2
.

x2 y2 z2
2) Find the volume of the portion of the ellipsoid + + = 1 which lies in the
a 2 b2 c 2
first octant using triple integral.
3) Find the volume of the sphere x 2 + y 2 + z 2 = a 2 using triple integrals.
x y z
4) Find the volume of the tetrahedron bounded by the plane + + = 1 and the
a b c
coordinate planes.
log 2 x x + y

5) Evaluate ∫∫∫0 0 0
e x + y + z dxdydz .

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Prepared by C.Ganesan, M.Sc., M.Phil., (Ph:9841168917) Page 13