numizmatika

irakli faRava
ilias saxelmwifo universitetis
giorgi wereTlis aRmosavleTmcodneobis instituti

arabobis periodSi TbilisSi

moWrili oqros unikaluri moneta

cnobilia, rom Tbilisi saqarTveloSi arabebis Zalauflebis forpostic da cen-

tric sakmaod adre gaxda: 2014-2016 wlebSi vaCveneT, rom saqarTvelosa da TbilisSi
arabTa uSualo Zalaufleba ukve VIII saukunis dasawyisisTvis damyarda, rasac adastu-
rebs maT mier Tbilisisa da mimdebare regionis ukve am periodSi sakuTari administra-
ciisadmi daqvemdebareba (qalaqSi da mimdebare teritoriaze iseTi administraciuli
RonisZiebebis Catareba, rogoric iyo zarafxanis gaxsna da amuSaveba, gzebis moniSvna) 1.
TbilisSi pirveli arabuli samoneto emisia h. 85 wliT TariRdeba. mas Semdeg,
marTalia, sakmaod xangrZlivi wyvetilebiT, TbilisSi iWreboda standartuli tipis qu-
furi safase, jer omaiani (h. 85 da 86 ww.) 2, Semdeg ki ‘abasiani xalifebis saxeliT
(h. 210, 248, 249, 287, 294, 295, 297, 298?, 304?, 307, 311, 312, 314, 321, 323, 330, 331, 332-334?, 335
ww.) 3; vidre pirveli ja‘farianuli monetis gamoSvebamde (h. 342 / 953/4 w)4.
sayuradReboa, rom Tbilisis zarafxana ZiriTadad standartul qufur verclis
dirhems Wrida; yovel SemTxvevaSi, omaianuri da ‘abasianuri dirhemebi kargi vercxlis-
gan damzadebulis STabeWdilebas tovebs, iseve rogorc ja‘farianuli dirhemebi vidre
‘ali b. ja‘faris zeobamde (h. 386-418? / 996/7-1027/8), romlis drosac, Cans, moaxloebul
vercxlis krizisTan (da Tbilisis saamiros dakninebasTan?) 5 dakavSirebiT, daiwyo mone-
tis sinjis gauareseba da dirhemis gadaqceva uweso Wedvis bilonis, ESemdgomSi ki spi-
lenZis monetad 6.
arcTu didi xnis win aRmovaCineT da saTanado analizis SedegebTan erTad gamo-
vaqveyneT Tbilisis zarafxanis gamoSvebuli ukve spilenZis monetac. kerZod, murvan
yrus mier TbilisSi, h. 114-126/7 (732/3-744) wlebis SualedSi moWrili spilenZis felsic 7.
aseve gamovaqveyneT ‘abasiani mmarTvelis, iasid b. asidis h. 164 wliT (780/1) daTa-
riRebuli specifiuri tipis felsebi, romelzedac, marTalia, moWris adgili ar aris
miTiTebuli, magram TiTqmis yvela cnobili egzemplari mtkvris kalapotSia napovni,
Tbilisis teritoriaze; amrigad, arcTu mcire albaTobiT, am tipis felsebic Tbilisis
zarafxanis nawarms unda warmoadgendes8.

1 i. faRava, saqarTveloSi arabTa batonobis periodizacia (numizmatikuri monacemebis gaTvaliswinebiT),

akad. giorgi wereTlis dabadebidan 110-e wlisTavisadmi miZRvnili saerTaSoriso konferencia `axlo aR-
mosavleTi da kavkasia: istoria, kultura, politika~, programa da Tezisebi, Tbilisi, 19-20.12.2014 (Tbi-
lisi, 2014), gv. 42-43; i. faRava, saqarTveloSi arabTa batonobis periodizacia (numizmatikuri monacemebis
gaTvaliswinebiT), axlo aRmosavleTi da saqarTvelo, VIII (Tbilisi, 2014), gv. 251-254; Пагава И., Периодизация
арабского владычества в Грузии (с учетом новых данных), Нумизматические чтения Государственного исторического музея
2016 года. Москва, 22 и 23 ноября 2016 г. Материалы докладов и сообщений (Москва, 2016), с. 86-88.
2 i. faRava, Suasaukunovan saqarTveloSi numizmatikuri evoluciis analizi (VIII-XIII ss.). ilias saxelmwi-
fo universiteti, sadisertacio naSromi (2015), gv. 22-24.
3 Джалаганиа И., Иноземная монета в денежном обращении Грузии V-XIII вв. (Тбилиси, 1987), с. 59-62; Turkia S., Paghava I., The
Coinage of Ja‘far III B. ‘Alī, Emir of Tiflis, Journal of Oriental Numismatic Society, 197 (2008), p. 6.
4 Джалаганиа И., dasax. naSromi, gv. 63.
5 ar aris gamoricxuli, rom dakninebas samxedro-politikuri TvalsazrisiT sulac ar axlavda qalaq
Tbilisis gamoxatuli ekonomikuri daknineba.
6 g. jafariZe, Tbilisis amiras ‘ali ibn ja’faris monetebi, amierkavkasiis istoriis problemebi (Tbilisi,
1991), gv. 132-150; Paghava I., Turkia S., A New Early Coin Type of ‘Alī b. Ja’far, Emir of Tiflis, Citing the Caliph Al-Tā’ī‘ li-llāh,
Journal of Oriental Numismatic Society, 199 (2009), p. 7-9.
7 Paghava I., Turkia S., The Umayyad Fulus Minted in the Name of Marwan b. Muhammad (the Deaf) in Georgia and Elsewhere in South
Caucasus, Journal of Oriental Numismatic Society, 201 (2009), p. 16-18; i. faRava, Suasaukunovan saqarTveloSi numizma-
tikuri evoluciis analizi (VIII-XIII ss.)..., gv. 24-27.
8 Turkia S., Paghava I., The Prolongation of Yazīd b. Usayd’s Reign in the North-West of the Caliphate, Journal of Oriental Numismatic
Society, 198 (2009), p. 4-6; i. faRava, Suasaukunovan saqarTveloSi numizmatikuri evoluciis analizi (VIII-XIII
ss.)..., gv. 27-33.
368
 amrigad, dadginda, rom Tbilisis zarafxana uSvebda safases or wamyvan samoneto
liTonSi _ vercxlsa da spilenZSi. rac Seexeba mesame ZiriTad samoneto liTons, oq-
ros, romelic samoneto mimoqcevis sxva sferos emsaxureboda, aqamde TbilisSi moWri-
li oqros dinarebi ar Canda; erTaderT gamonaklisad SeiZleba CaiTvalos goCa jafa-
riZis mier mikvleuli cnoba, Semonaxuli erT-erTi Zvel, XX saukunis dasawyisis saauq-
ciono katalogSi, Tbilisuri oqros dinaris Sesaxeb, romelic `xalifa al-muTTaki
bil-lahs (940-944) ekuTvnis~ 1. magram am katalogsac, safiqrebelia, ilustracia ar ax-
lavda Tan. amrigad, am cnobis nivTieri dadastureba ar gagvaCnia.
sabednierod, axalma monacemebma daadastura, rom Tbilisis zarafxana oqros di-
narsac namdvilad uSvebda. Cveni naSromis mizani swored arabTa xelSi Cavardnil Tbi-
lisSi oqros monetis moWris sakiTxis ganxilvaa; kerZod, im, jerjerobiT mainc, unika-
luri oqros monetis pirveladi publikaciaa, romlis emisiac saxalifos administraci-
am swored TbilisSi ganaxorciela.

*
moneta iyideboda (statiis daweris momentisTvis, aprili 2017) britanul
auqcionze: Morton & Eden Ltd, Auction No. 85, 26 April 2017, Lot 40. 2
moviyvanT monetis aRwerilobas (centridanuli mimarTulebiT):
AV, wona 4.21 g.

Subli:
monetis centrSi islamis religiuri formulis sawyisi nawilia –
ËC çÆC Ë
äjbÜ ÓC
çÆ _énv Ë
ar aris RmerTi, garda
allahisa, erTisa
ar yavs mas moziare
irgvliv wriuli legenda, romelic moWris adgilsa (bi-Tiflis) da TariRs (h. 248
w.) iuwyeba:
ÛêQðÕ Ü Ûê²LmC Ü ØDÖT öÚr têÇ»QL nÚéjÆC Clå Kn¤ ÓC ×sL
saxeliTa RvTisaiTa moiWra ese dinari TbilisSi welsa oras ormocda rvasa
irgvliv, gareT, kidev erTi wriuli legenda, yurani 30:3-4: yuranis 30-e suris me-3
aia (TiTqmis mTlianad, dasawyisis garda) da me-4 aias dasawyisi:
ÓC n¡ÚL ØÝÚÕÝÖÆC an»élðÕÝP Ü j²L ÛÕÜ ÈM¾ ÛÕ nÕËC Ó
alahisaa brZaneba amaze uwin da amis Semdgomac da im dRes ixareben morwmuneni,
allahis SewevniT3.
zurgi: sityva allahs, romlis qvemoTac islamuri religiuri formulis meore
nawilia (muhammadis, rogorc mociqulis miTiTebiT), sam striqonad, romlis qvemoTac,
mexuTe striqonis saxiT, xalifas saxelia (al-musTa’in billahi).
Ó
jÖcÕ
ÅÝrm
ÓC
ÓDL Ûê²QsÖÆC
allahs
muhammadi
mociqulia

1 Collection White-King. Troisième partie. Monnaies des Khalifes Arabes, de Maroc et d’Egypte etc. Collection du Dr. White-King vente à
Amsterdam le 26 jin 1905, No 2139 (Amsterdam, 1905). g. jafariZe, dasax. naSromi, gv. 132, sqolio 2.
2 http://www.mortonandeden.com/ guliTad madlobas movaxsenebT baton sTiven lloÁds gamosaxulebebis
publikaciis nebarTvisTvis.
3 Targmani moyvanilia giorgi lobJaniZis mixedviT: yurani, arabulidan Targmna, Sesavali werili da
ganmartebebi daurTo giorgi lobJaniZem (Tbilisi, 2006), gv. 271. aqve moviyvanT XX saukunis dasawyisis
petre mirianaSvilis Targmansac (frangulidan): `uwin, rogorc Semdgom, saqme RmerTze hkidia. im dRes
morwmunebma gaixaron, RvTis SemweobiT miRebulis gamarjvebiTa~ kurani muhammadisa..., gv. 393.
369
 allahisa
al-musTa‘in billahi
irgvliv wriuli legendaa, yurani 9:33: yuranis me-9 suris 33-e aia –
ØÝÂnwÖÆC än ÝÆÜ çÇ ÛéjÆC ëDZ änæ®êÆ ÀcÆC ÛéiÜ ìjæÆDL çÇrnÆ ÓC ÅÝrm jÖcÕ
igia, vinc warmoagzavna Tavisi mociquli wrfeli gziTa da WeSmaritebis
sarwmunoebiT, raTa gaamarjvebinos mas yvela rwmenaze, Tundac es sZagdeT warmarTT 1.

am monetis saxiT Cvens winaSe nivTieri mtkicebaa, rom TbilisSi oqros moneta –
arabuli qufuri dinari, arabTa batonobis periodSic iWreboda. konkretulad es egzem-
plari moiWra xalifa al-musTa’in billahis (h. 248-251 / 862-866) xanmokle zeobaSi 2.

*
TbilisSi arabebis mier oqros monetis gamoSvebis faqti Zvirfasi SenaZenia qarTu-
li numizmatikisTvis; saqme imaSia, rom qarTuli (qarTveli emitentisa Tu saqarTvelo-
Si moWrili) oqros monetebi, sazogadod, sakmao iSviaTobas warmoadgens. naratiuli
wyaroebis cnobebs Tu ar CavTvliT, Cvenamde moaRwia mxolod, erTis mxriv, elinizmis
periodis aleqsandre makedonelisa da lisimaqes tipis staterebis adgilobrivma, qar-
Tulma minabaZebma, e.w. akes staterTan erTad 3; meores mxriv ki _ 16-17-saukuniani pauzis
Semdeg, ukve XVIII saukuneSi TbilisSi gamoSvebulma oqros monetebma, rogorc ucxoe-
li dampyroblebis mier moWrilma (osmaluri da avSaruli oqros emisiebma) 4, aseve
qarTl-kaxeTis samefos mesveurTa, mefe irakli II-sa da giorgi XII-is oqros Saurma 5.
Cvens mier gamoqveynebuli moneta nawilobriv mainc avsebs am Sualeds.
sayuradReboa aRmoCenis zogad-istoriuli mniSvnelobac. TbilisSi oqros monetis
gamoSveba miuTiTebs qalaqis mniSvnelobaze saxalifos gamgeblobis sistemaSi, iribad,
magram mWevrmetyvelad axasiaTebs adgilobrivi ekonomikis ganviTarebulobas.
vecdebiT TbilisSi h. 248 (862/3) wels dinaris emisiis faqti zogad istoriul kon-
teqstSic movaTavsoT. cnobilia, rom arabeTis naxevarkunZulis farglebs gamcdari sa-
xalifos teritoriulma birTvma rogorc bizantiis imperiisagan warTmeuli provincie-
bi, aseve yofili sasanuri iranis samflobeloebi moicva. saxalifos fulad bazarzac
da samoneto saqmesac karga xania gayva Sesabamisi dualizmi: dasavleT (yofil bizanti-
ur) provinciebSi gabatonebuli mdgomareoba oqros safases (dinars) eWira (rogorc es
bizantiis imperias axasiaTebda), xolo aRmosavleT provinciebSi (samxreT kavkasiis
CaTvliT) ki ufro vercxlis dirhems (sasanianTa iranis vercxlis draqmis memkvidres).
oqrom gacilebiT meti mniSvneloba SeiZina aRmosavleT regionebSic IX saukunis bolo
meoTxedisTvis; amaze cxadad miuTiTebs is faqti, rom 870-ian wlebSi erayis Semosavle-
bi jer kidev vercxlSi aRiricxeboda, xolo X saukunis dasawyisSi erayis samxreTi
provinciebis gadasaxadebis Segroveba ijariT yovelwliur 2.5 milion dinarad gaica; h.
306 wlis (918/9) biujetSi ki Semosavali ukve dinarebSia gamosaxuli. safiqrebelia, rom
gadasvla oqroze, ufro swored, oqros dinarze, rogorc wamyvan saangariSo erTeul-
ze, sabolood swored am SualedSi moxda 6.

1 giorgi lobJaniZis mixedviT, yurani, arabulidan Targmna, Sesavali werili da ganmartebebi daurTo gi-
orgi lobJaniZem..., gv. 181. petre mirianaSvilis TargmanSi: `Tavisi mociquli moavlina warmarTebiTa da
WeSmaritebis sarwmunoebiTa, maTda dasayeneblad yovelis sxva sarwmunoebis umaRles, Tundac ro javri
mouvidesT kerpTayvanismcemlebsa~. kurani muhammadisa [Targmani petre mirianaSvilisa] (tfilisi, 1906), gv.
174.
2 misi zeoba e.w. samarris areulobas emTxveva, Tavad xalifa umeteswilad sxvadasxva samxedro dajgufe-
bis marioneti iyo.
3 Дундуа Г., Нумизматика античной Грузии (Тбилиси, 1987), с. 55-102.
4 i. faRava, osmaluri samyarosa da saqarTvelos urTierToba axali numizmatikuri monacemebis mixedviT,
konstantine faRava 90 (Tbilisi, 2012), gv. 133-136; Paghava I., Turkia S., Janjgava G., Some New Denomination Coins of
Nadir Shah Minted in Georgia, Journal of Oriental Numismatic Society, 202 (2010), p. 13-15; i. faRava, Tbilisuri monetebis
woniTi standarti, nominalTa sistema da moWris teqnika (avSarianTa dinastiis periodi), axali da uax-
lesi istoriis sakiTxebi, #1 (7) (Tbilisi, 2010), gv. 528-529.
5 Paghava I., The Minting of Gold Shauris in Eighteenth Century Georgia: Monetary Evidence, Journal of Oriental Numismatic Society,
204 (2010), p. 15-17; i. faRava, i. biWikaSvili, r. Cagunava, qarTl-kaxeTis samefos oqros safase (qarTuli oq-
ros Sauris istoria), saistorio krebuli, tomi 4 (Tbilisi, 2014), gv. 200-272.
6 Kremer A., Űber das Einnahmebudget des Abbasiden-Reiches vom Jahre 306 H. (918-919), Separatabdruck aus dem XXXVI Bande der
Denkschriften der Pholosophisch-historischen Classe der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften (Wien, 1887); Мец А.,
Мусульманский ренессанс, перевод с немецкого, предисловие, библиография и указатель Д. Е. Бертельса (Москва, 1973), с. 376-
370
 rogorc Cans, swored oqros safasis mzard mniSvnelobas, iseve rogorc masze
moTxovnilebis matebas unda davukavSiroT dinaris emisiis ganmaxorcielebeli zaraf-
xanebis ricxvis zrdac. Tu aqamde dinars mxolod eraysa da egvipteSi Wridnen, axla
ganxorcielda oqros safasis gamoSvebis decentralizacia; es ukanaskneli, arsebuli
monacemebiT, 830-40-ian wlebSi moxda; metwilad goCa jafariZis mier sistematizirebuli
informaciis mixedviT:
• mervSi dinaris emisia daiwyo h. 215 wels (830/1) (sur. 2); muhammadiჲaSi h. 234
wels (848/9), samarkandSi h. 248 wels (861/2), aS-SaSSi h. 250 wels (864/5), mogvianebiT –
sxva msxvil qalaqebSic 1;
• Tavad eraySi / savadSi _ surra man ra’aSi dinaris moWra daiwyo h. 226
wels (840/1), basraSi – h. 227 wels (841/2); vasitsa da qufaSi oqros monetis gamoSveba
_ ufro mogvianebiT, Sesabamisad h. 254 (868) da 266 (879/80) wels 2;
• sayuradReboa, rom amierkavkasiis urbanulma centrebma dinaris emisia da-
iwyes sakmaod adre, daaxloebiT imave periodSi: pirveli dabili iyo _ CvenTvis cno-
bilia moWris mxolod erTi weli – h. 241 (855/6), xalifa al-muTavaqqilisa da al-
mu’Tazz billahis, rogorc memkvidris, saxeliT3; Semdeg arminiჲa – h. 243 (857/8) da
246 (860/1) (sur. 3) wlebSi, aseve, xalifa al-muTavaqqilisa da al-mu’Tazz billahis,
rogorc memkvidris, saxeliT 4; Tbilisi – rogorc davinaxeT – h. 248 wels (862/3), al-
musTa’inis saxeliT (sur. 1); isev arminiჲa, h. 249 (863/4) 5 da 269 (882/3) (al-muvafakis,
xalifis Zmis saxeliT) 6 wlebis emisiebi.

amrigad, TbilisSi oqros monetis, dinaris gamoSveba sakmaod kanonzomier movle-

nad warmogvidgeba. es faqti saxalifos SemadgenlobaSi am qarTuli urbanuli centris
mniSvnelobaze miuTiTebs. sayuradReboa, rom amierkavkasiis sxva msxvil qalaqebSi am
wliT daTariRebuli oqros monetis emisiis faqtebi, jerjerobiT mainc, ar fiqsirdeba.
Tumca, bunebrivia, isic unda gvaxsovdes, rom zemoT gamoqveynebuli oqros monetac am
etapze mainc, unikaluria (es, iribad mainc, SeiZleba miuTiTebdes emisiis sporadu-
lobaze da nakleb masStabze, rac regionis sxva urbanuli centrebisTvisac SeiZleba
vivaraudoT).
vfiqrobT, h. 248 wlis Tbilisuri oqros dinari qarTuli (numizmatikuri) istori-
is ukiduresad RirsSesaniSnav pirvelwyarod da Zeglad unda CaiTvalos.

bibliografia

1. kurani muhammadisa [Targmani petre mirianaSvilisa] (tfilisi, 1906).

2. i. faRava, Tbilisuri monetebis woniTi standarti, nominalTa sistema da moWris
teqnika (avSarianTa dinastiis periodi), axali da uaxlesi istoriis sakiTxebi, #1
(7) (Tbilisi, 2010).
3. i. faRava, osmaluri samyarosa da saqarTvelos urTierToba axali numizmatikuri
monacemebis mixedviT, konstantine faRava 90 (Tbilisi, 2012).
4. i. faRava, saqarTveloSi arabTa batonobis periodizacia (numizmatikuri monacemebis
gaTvaliswinebiT), akad. giorgi wereTlis dabadebidan 110-e wlisTavisadmi miZRvnili

377; Джапаридзе Г., Золотая монета в денежном обращении Закавказья в X в., maxlobeli aRmosavleTis istoriis
sakiTxebi, II (Tbilisi, 1972), с. 29; Джапаридзе Г., Золотые монеты в Ираке в VIII-XI вв., Восточное историческое
источниковедение и специальные исторические дисциплины, Выпуск 2 (Москва, 1994), с. 211.
1 Джапаридзе Г., Золотая монета в денежном обращении Закавказья в X в…, с. 27.
2 Джапаридзе Г., Золотые монеты в Ираке в VIII-XI вв…, с. 202-203.
3 Vardanyan A., Islamic Coins Struck in Historic Armenia. I. Armīniya, Arrān (Madīnat Arrān), Bardaʿa, Dabīl, Hārūnābād / al-Hārūniya
and Maʿdan Bājunays, Early ʿAbbāsid Period (142-277 AH / 759-891 AD) (Yerevan, 2011), p. 19, #1.
4 iqve, p. 19-20, #2-3.
5 Джапаридзе Г., Золотая монета в денежном обращении Закавказья в X в.., с. 30.
6 Vardanyan A., dasax. naSromi, gv. 20, #4.
371
 saerTaSoriso konferencia `axlo aRmosavleTi da kavkasia: istoria, kultura,
politika~, programa da Tezisebi, Tbilisi, 19-20.12.2014 (Tbilisi, 2014).
5. i. faRava, saqarTveloSi arabTa batonobis periodizacia (numizmatikuri monacemebis
gaTvaliswinebiT), axlo aRmosavleTi da saqarTvelo, VIII (Tbilisi, 2014).
6. i. faRava, Suasaukunovan saqarTveloSi numizmatikuri evoluciis analizi (VIII-XIII
ss.). ilias saxelmwifo universiteti, sadisertacio naSromi (2015).
7. i. faRava, i. biWikaSvili, r. Cagunava, qarTl-kaxeTis samefos oqros safase (qarTuli
oqros Sauris istoria), saistorio krebuli, tomi 4 (Tbilisi, 2014).
8. yurani, arabulidan Targmna, Sesavali werili da ganmartebebi daurTo giorgi
lobJaniZem (Tbilisi, 2006).
9. g. jafariZe, Tbilisis amiras ‘ali ibn ja’faris monetebi, amierkavkasiis istoriis
problemebi (Tbilisi, 1991).
10. Collection White-King. Troisième partie. Monnaies des Khalifes Arabes, de Maroc et d’Egypte etc. Collection
du Dr. White-King vente à Amsterdam le 26 jin 1905, No 2139 (Amsterdam, 1905).
11. Kremer A., Űber das Einnahmebudget des Abbasiden-Reiches vom Jahre 306 H. (918-919), Separatabdruck
aus dem XXXVI Bande der Denkschriften der Pholosophisch-historischen Classe der Kaiserlichen Akademie
der Wissenschaften (Wien, 1887).
12. Morton & Eden Ltd, Auction No. 85, 26 April 2017, Lot 40 http://www.mortonandeden.com/
13. Paghava I., The Minting of Gold Shauris in Eighteenth Century Georgia: Monetary Evidence, Journal of
Oriental Numismatic Society, 204 (2010).
14. Paghava I., Turkia S., A New Early Coin Type of ‘Alī b. Ja’far, Emir of Tiflis, Citing the Caliph Al-Tā’ī‘ li-
llāh, Journal of Oriental Numismatic Society, 199 (2009).
15. Paghava I., Turkia S., The Umayyad Fulus Minted in the Name of Marwan b. Muhammad (the Deaf) in
Georgia and Elsewhere in South Caucasus, Journal of Oriental Numismatic Society, 201 (2009).
16. Paghava I., Turkia S., Janjgava G., Some New Denomination Coins of Nadir Shah Minted in Georgia, Journal
of Oriental Numismatic Society, 202 (2010).
17. Turkia S., Paghava I., The Coinage of Ja‘far III B. ‘Alī, Emir of Tiflis, Journal of Oriental Numismatic Society,
197 (2008).
18. Turkia S., Paghava I., The Prolongation of Yazīd b. Usayd’s Reign in the North-West of the Caliphate, Journal
of Oriental Numismatic Society, 198 (2009).
19. Vardanyan A., Islamic Coins Struck in Historic Armenia. I. Armīniya, Arrān (Madīnat Arrān), Bardaʿa, Dabīl,
Hārūnābād / al-Hārūniya and Maʿdan Bājunays, Early ʿAbbāsid Period (142-277 AH / 759-891 AD)
(Yerevan, 2011).
20. Джалаганиа И., Иноземная монета в денежном обращении Грузии V-XIII вв. (Тбилиси, 1987).
21. Джапаридзе Г., Золотая монета в денежном обращении Закавказья в X в., maxlobeli aRmo-
savleTis istoriis sakiTxebi, II (Tbilisi, 1972).
22. Джапаридзе Г., Золотые монеты в Ираке в VIII-XI вв., Восточное историческое источниковедение и
специальные исторические дисциплины, Выпуск 2 (Москва, 1994).
23. Дундуа Г., Нумизматика античной Грузии (Тбилиси, 1987).
24. Мец А., Мусульманский ренессанс, перевод с немецкого, предисловие, библиография и указатель Д. Е.
Бертельса (Москва, 1973).
25. Пагава И., Периодизация арабского владычества в Грузии (с учетом новых данных), Нумизматические
чтения Государственного исторического музея 2016 года. Москва, 22 и 23 ноября 2016 г. Материалы
докладов и сообщений (Москва, 2016).

372
 IRAKLI PAGHAVA
Ilia State University,
Giorgi Tsereteli Institute for Oriental Studies

THE UNIQUE GOLD COIN MINTED IN TIFLĪS IN

THE PERIOD OF ARAB DOMINANCE

Tiflīs (modern Tbilisi) became the administrative and military center of Arab dominions in Georgia already
by the early 8th century. Understandably, the Arab mint was operating there (actually, inter alia its very existence
proves the direct incorporation of east-Georgian provinces into the Caliphate). The latter produced silver coinage,
as well as (rarely), copper coins. However, no Kufic gold coins of Tiflīs have been published before, save for the
indication (without illustration?) for the gold dinar minted in Tiflīs in the name of the Caliph al-Muttaqi (940-944)
mentioned in the early 20th century catalogue (cf. Collection White-King. Troisième partie. Monnaies des Khalifes
Arabes, de Maroc et d’Egypte etc. Collection du Dr. White-King vente à Amsterdam le 26 jin 1905, Amsterdam,
1905, No 2139.).
Fortunately, we have discovered yet another Tiflīs dinar, and now there can be no doubts that the Tiflīs
mint controlled by the Arabs was normally striking coins in all three major coin metals. Our short article is devoted
to publishing and reviewing the so far unique Tiflīs dinar of AH 248.
The coin was auctioned in April 2017 by Morton & Eden Ltd (Auction No. 85, 26 April 2017, Lot 40) and
constituted a dinar minted at Tiflīs in AH 248 (862/3) in the name of the Caliph al-Musta‘in billah (AH 248-251 /
862-866): AV, weight 4.21 g.
Obverse center: çÆ _énv Ë / äjbÜ ÓC / ËC çÆC Ë
Obverse margin 1: ÛêQðÕ Ü Ûê²LmC Ü ØDÖT öÚr têÇ»QL nÚéjÆC Clå Kn¤ ÓC ×sL
Obverse margin 2: Quran XXX:3-4: ÓC n¡ÚL ØÝÚÕÝÖÆC an»élðÕÝP Ü j²L ÛÕÜ ÈM¾ ÛÕ nÕËC Ó
Reverse center: ÓDL Ûê²QsÖÆC / ÓC / Åýrm / jÖcÕ / Ó
Reverse margin: Quran IX:33: ØÝÂnwÖÆC än ÝÆÜ çÇ ÛéjÆC ëDZ änæ®êÆ ÀcÆC ÛéiÜ ìjæÆDL çÇrnÆ ÓC Åýrm jÖcÕ
We reproduced the image published initially within the auction catalogue with kind permission of Mr.
Stephen Lloyd.
Taking into account the rarity of Georgian (i.e. minted by Georgian authorities, or foreign overlords but in
Georgia / Georgian Kingdom) gold coinage, this coin should be considered a significant typological addition to
Georgian numismatic history.
Moreover, minting or gold coinage testifies eloquently to the prosperity that Tiflīs enjoyed in the period of
the Arab dominance, as well as to Tiflīs’ significance within the economic framework of the Caliphate.
Initiation of minting gold coinage in Tiflīs fits well into the general trend of eastern provinces of the
Caliphate switching from silver dirhams to gold dinars as principal unit of account, and, possibly, also predominant
currency. The transfer from silver to gold dates back to the 870s-900s (judging by the tax registers). This process
was accompanied by the proliferation of gold-issuing mints: Initially the gold was minted only in Iraq and Egypt,
but later on the minting of gold becaml decentralized, already in the 830s-840s and henceforward.
Hopefully, the discovery of the Tiflīs dinar of AH 248 (862/3) in the name of the Caliph al-Musta‘in billah
(AH 248-251 / 862-866) would provide its mite into further clarification in the history of Georgia in the period of
the Arab dominance.

373
sur. 1. Tbilisi, h. 248 w. Morton & Eden Ltd, Auction No. 85, 26 April 2017, Lot 40

sur. 2. mervi, h. 215 w. Morton & Eden Ltd, Auction No. 85, 26 April 2017, Lot 33

sur. 3. arminiჲa, h. 246 w. Morton & Eden Ltd, Auction No. 85, 26 April 2017, Lot 39

374