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Francesca Vidotto
UNIVERSITY OF THE BASQUE COUNTRY
DISCRETE
FUZZY
PROBABILISTIC
・
Loop Quantum Gravity Francesca Vidotto
LIMIT ⟶0
DISCRETE NO DISCRETENESS
FUZZY NO FUZZYNESS
・
Loop Quantum Gravity Francesca Vidotto
QUANTUM GRAVITY
STATES F 3 | , jl , vn i
(H, A, W)
~l
OBSERVABLES A 3 L
DYNAMICS W ! T ransition amplitudes
Loop Quantum Gravity Francesca Vidotto
LIMIT ⟶0
DISCRETE NO DISCRETENESS
FUZZY NO FUZZYNESS
⌅ l = {Li }, i = 1, 2, 3
L SU(2) generators
l
gravitational field operator (tetrad)
⌅ l = {Li }, i = 1, 2, 3
L SU(2) generators
l
gravitational field operator (tetrad)
⌅ l = {Li }, i = 1, 2, 3
L SU(2) generators
l
gravitational field operator (tetrad)
Gll
l l
X
Gauge invariant operator Gll = Ll · Ll with Gll0 = 0
l2n Al
Penrose’s spin-geometry theorem (1971), and Minkowski theorem (1897)
Loop Quantum Gravity Francesca Vidotto
QUANTUM GEOMETRY
⌅ l = {Li }, i = 1, 2, 3
L SU(2) generators
l
gravitational field operator (tetrad)
Gll
l l
X
Gauge invariant operator Gll = Ll · Ll with Gll0 = 0
l2n Al
Penrose’s spin-geometry theorem (1971), and Minkowski theorem (1897)
Loop Quantum Gravity Francesca Vidotto
REPRESENTING GEMETRIES
Composite operators:
⇥
Area: A = Lil Lil .
l
Volume:
2 i j
VR = Vn , 2
Vn = | ijk Ll Ll
k
Ll” |.
9
n R
Angle: i i
Ll Ll 0
vn
jl
vn
jl
vn
jl
vn
jl
Minimal volume
vn
jl
Minimal volume
vn
jl
Minimal volume
Z
⇤ 1
Action S[e, ] = B[e] ^ F [ ] where B = (e ^ e) + (e ^ e)
1
Boundary B oi
= K = i
eo ^ ei and
B ij = Li = eo ^ ei
gauge s.t. tetrads are diagonal
ni = (1, 0, 0, 0)
Simplicity constraint ~ = L
K ~
Z Z Z SL(2, C) ! SU (2)
Lorentzian area A= o
e ^e = i
K = i
L i
R R R
t
~ + L
K ~ =0
P0
Constantly accelerated observer: 8⇡G = 1
z Kz generators of boosts
E = aKz generator of proper time evolution
P
t
~ + L
K ~ =0
P0
Constantly accelerated observer: 8⇡G = 1
z Kz generators of boosts
E = aKz generator of proper time evolution
P
Frodden-Gosh-Perez ‘11: dE = a dA
black hole
t
~ + L
K ~ =0
P0
Constantly accelerated observer: 8⇡G = 1
z Kz generators of boosts
E = aKz generator of proper time evolution
P
Frodden-Gosh-Perez ‘11: dE = a dA = dS
T T black hole
t
~ + L
K ~ =0
P0
Constantly accelerated observer: 8⇡G = 1
z Kz generators of boosts
E = aKz generator of proper time evolution
P
Frodden-Gosh-Perez ‘11: dE = a dA = dS
T T black hole
3d boundary
Superposition principle W |⇥⇥ = W( )
boundary graph
Unitary irreducible representations
Simplicity constraint ~ = L
K ~
σ : spinfoam
Loop Quantum Gravity Francesca Vidotto
SPINFOAM AMPLITUDES
[Engle-Pereira-Livine-Rovelli, Freidel-Krasnov ’08]
3d boundary
Superposition principle W |⇥⇥ = W( )
σ : spinfoam
Loop Quantum Gravity Francesca Vidotto
SPINFOAM AMPLITUDES
[Engle-Pereira-Livine-Rovelli, Freidel-Krasnov ’08]
3d boundary
Superposition principle W |⇥⇥ = W( )
σ : spinfoam
Loop Quantum Gravity Francesca Vidotto
SPINFOAM AMPLITUDES
[Engle-Pereira-Livine-Rovelli, Freidel-Krasnov ’08]
Superposition principle
Lorentz covariance
Simplicity constraint
Classical limit: GR
www.cpt.univ-mrs.fr/~rovelli/IntroductionLQG.pdf
Loop Quantum Gravity Francesca Vidotto
SPINFOAM AMPLITUDES
[Engle-Pereira-Livine-Rovelli, Freidel-Krasnov ’08]
Superposition principle
Simplicity constraint
•
Classical limit: GR
www.cpt.univ-mrs.fr/~rovelli/IntroductionLQG.pdf
Loop Quantum Gravity Francesca Vidotto
GUIDING PRINCIPLES
DISCRETENESS
Planck constant = minimal amount of information
MQ: distinct observers may give different accounts of the same sequence of events
States: All quantum states are relative states [à la Everett]
States refer to systems in relation to other systems [à la Galilei]
quantum state = way of coding the result of past interactions
knowledge of past interactions predictions about outcome of future interactions
(H,A,W)
(H, A, W) DEFINE THE QUANTUM THEORY
Self adjoint operators on the Hilbert space have the role of describing facts.
We can compute the probability distribution of other facts happening.
BUT WEAKER!
1.Facts are sparse: the particle only exists in interactions, not in between.
2.A fact is not an absolute fact, but only a fact relative to a physical system.
SUBSTANTIVALISM
RELATIONALISM
Leucippus, Democritus, ... → Newton, ... Aristoteles, Platos, ... → Descarts, Leibniz, ...
Spacetime is the gravitational field, that exists even without the presences of bodies
Each field has quantum properties, and manifests itself trough relational events