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Name: _________________________________________________ Adm. No.

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FORM TWO AGRICULTURE -


TIME: 2 HOURS

Instructions
1) This paper consists of 28 Questions.
2) Answers all the questions in the spaces provided.
3) Candidates should check the question paper to ascertain that all the pages are printed as
indicated and that no questions are missing.

FORM 2 AGRICULTURE: 100 Marks


1. State two factors that determine the depth of planting a crop (2 Marks)
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2. State one reason for carrying out each of the following practices.
a) Levelling (1 Mark)
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b) Rolling (1 Mark)
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3. State four advantages of drip irrigation (2 Marks)


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4. Give three biotic factors which are beneficial to a farmer. (1 ½ Mark)
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5. a) What is rock weathering? (1 Mark)
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b) State three types of rock weathering. (1 ½ Marks)
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c) Give any four factors which influence the process of soil formation. (2 Marks)

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6. Name any two types of water pipes used on a farm. (1 Mark)


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7. State four body conformation features of an ideal beef cattle breed. (2 Marks)
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8. Give four reasons of carrying out land preparation before planting a crop. (2 Marks)
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9. Name any two types of organic manures. (2 Marks)
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10. a) Differentiate between a straight fertilizer and a compound fertilizer. (1 Mark)
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b) A piece of land requires 200kg of P2O5 per hectare. The available fertilizer is SSP which
contains 20% P2O5. Calculate the amount of SSP fertilizer a farmer requires for the piece
of land. Show your working. (3 Marks)

11. State four advantages of row planting. (2 Marks)


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12. Give two ways of carrying out hardening off of seedlings in a nursery bed. (2 Marks)
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13. State three reasons of carrying out staking in tomatoes. (3 Marks)
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14. Name two pests and two diseases which affect diseases.
i) Pests (1 Mark)
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ii) Diseases (1 Mark)
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15. State four factors that determine the amount of water consumed by an animal. (4 Marks)
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16. Give two physical differences between the Jersey and Friesian cattle breeds. (2 Marks)
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17. a) Define the term digestibility as used in livestock production. (1 Mark)


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b) State three factors that determine the digestibility of a feed. (3 Marks)
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c) Give two types of feed concentrates. (2 Marks)
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18. The diagram below shows the digestive system of a ruminant animal. Study it and answer the
questions that follow.

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a) Name the parts labeled; (2 Marks)
A ……………………………..
B ……………………………..
C ……………………………..
D ……………………………..

b) Give one function for each of the parts labeled B and C above. (2 Marks)
B - ……………………………………………………………………………………..
B - ……………………………………………………………………………………..

c) Outline five differences between ruminants and non-ruminants. (5 Marks)


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19. Define maintenance ration as used in livestock nutrition. (1 Mark)


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20. The diagrams below illustrate farm tools. Study them and answer the questions that follow.

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a) Identify the tools labeled E, F, G and H. (2 Marks)
E - …………………………………….. F - ……………………………………..

G - …………………………………….. H - ……………………………………..
b) Give one use for each of the tools above. (2 Marks)
E - ………………………………………………………………………………………
F - ………………………………………………………………………………………
G - ………………………………………………………………………………………
H- ………………………………………………………………………………………
c) State three maintenance practices of tool labeled G. (1 ½ Marks)
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21. a) Outline four effects of internal parasites in livestock production. (4 Marks)
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b) Name two vectors of livestock diseases. (1 Mark)
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c) State six general methods of disease control in livestock. (6 Marks)
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22. a) Give four reasons of keeping livestock healthy. (4 Marks)
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b) State any five predisposing factors of livestock diseases. (2 ½ Marks)


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23. a) Describe the lifecycle of two-host ticks. (3 Marks)


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b) Give methods that are used to control ticks in a farm. (5 Marks)


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24. a) State the meaning of the term scarcity as used in Agricultural Economics. (1 Mark)
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b) Give one use of keeping marketing records in a farm. (1 Mark)
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c) Name two types of inventories kept by a livestock farmer. (2 Marks)


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25. State five ways in which a farmer can improve soil structure in the farm. (5 Marks)
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26. State any four post-harvest practices carried out on a crop produce before storage. (2 Marks)
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27. State two advantages of vegetative propagation in orange production. (2 Marks)


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28. Name any two methods of pruning in coffee production. (2 Marks)


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AGRICULTURE FORM TWO –

MARKING SCHEME

SECTION A
1. Determinants of depth of crop planting
- Type of soil
- Type of germination
- Soil moisture content
- Size of seed (2 x 1 = 2 Marks)

2. i) Levelling
- Facilitates uniform seed germination (1 Mark)
ii) Rolling
- Practice of compacting the soil which is fine or loose to prevent loss of seeds and soil.
(1 Mark)
3. Advantages of drip irrigation
- Can be practiced in both flat and hilly land
- Applies chemicals with water
- Allows fertigation
- Restricts weed growth
- Less water is used (4 x ½ = 2 Marks)

4. Beneficial biotic factors


- Decomposers
- Nitrogen fixing bacteria
- Predators (1 ½ Marks)

5. a) Rock weathering - Process of breakdown of parent rock to small fragments. (1 Mark)


b) – Physical weathering
- Chemical weathering

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- Biological weathering (3 x ½ = 1 ½ Marks)

c) - Climate / temperature / wind / rainfall


- Nature of parent rock
- Time
- Topography
- Living things / Biotic factor (4 x ½ = 2 Marks)

6. – Plastic pipes / PVC


- Metal pipes / alluminium / galvanized iron pipes
- Rubber pipes (2 x ½ = 1 Mark)

7. – Body is blocky / Rectangular in shape


- Cows have small udder
- Lowest / Short legs
- Fleshy bodies
- Short thick necks (4 x ½ = 2 Marks)

8. – Kill pests
- Kill weeds
- Improve aeration, water infiltration
- Break soil clods
- Allow root development
- To make subsequent operations possible e.g. planting, rolling, leveling, fertilizer
application, ridging. (4 x ½ = 2 Marks)

9. – Compost manure
- Farmyard manure
- Green manure (2 x 1 = 2 Marks)

10. a) Straight fertilizer – Has only one major nutrient while compound fertilizer has two or

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more major nutrients. (1 Mark)

b) Nutrient required = 200Kg/ha P2O5


Land area = 1 hectare
Available fertilizer = SSP – Nutrient content
= 20% P2O5
Nutrient Content = Amount of Nutrient Required
Amount of Fertilizer

20% P2O5 = 200Kg P2O5


Amount of SSP

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Amount of SSP = 200Kg P2O5 x 100 = 1000Kg
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1 Mark – Formulae and correct figures


1 Mark – correct calculation
1 Mark – Correct answer (Total 3 Marks)

11. – Farmer can use machinery to carry out field operations


- Less seeds are required for planting
- Easy to carry out field practices e.g. spraying
- Easy to estimate plant population
- Even germination of seeds due to even cover (4 x ½ = 2 Marks)

12. - Reduce watering


- Remove shade
- Remove mulch (2 x 1 = 2 Marks)

13. – Produces clean fruits


- Reduces attack by soil borne pests and diseases
- Encourages even ripening of fruits
- Easy to carry out cultural practices e.g. spraying (3 x 1 = 3 Marks)

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14. i) Cabbage pests – Cabbage, saw fly, aphids, diamond back moth, nematodes, cut worms.
(2 x ½ = 1Mark)
ii) Cabbage diseases – Black rot, Damping off seedlings (2 x ½ = 1 Mark)

15. – Body size / Weight


- Type of feed eaten
- Ambient temperature
- Level of production / Amount of work done
- Physiological status of the body
- Animal species / Kind of animal (4 x 1 = 4 Marks)

16. Jersey – Small in size


- Grey hair coat
- Big protruding eyes

Friesian – Black and white colour


- Large body (2 x 1 = 2 Marks)

17. a) Digestibility – Amount of feed retained in animal’s body after taking care of losses
through dung, urine. (1 x 1 = 1 Mark)

b) - Feed chemical composition


- Ratio of proteins to carbohydrates
- Animal species
- Form in which feed is given
- Quantity of feed already in the animals digestive system (3 x1 = 3 Marks)

c) - Protein concentrates
- Carbohydrates concentrates (2 x 1 = 2 Marks)

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18. a) A – Rumen / Paunch
B – Reticulum / Honey Comb
C – Omasum / Many Plies / Book
D – Abomasum (4 x ½ = 2 Marks)

b) Functions of B
- Proteins breakdown into A.A, NH3, peptides
- Synthesis of A.A. from NH3.
- Absorption of A.A. and NH3.
- Chunning and mixing of food with water.
- Breakdown of cellulose by micro organisms / bacteria into volatile F.A. and CO2.
- Synthesis of vitamins B complex, D, K. (1 Mark)

Functions of C
- Absorption of water
- Breaks coarse food particles into fine particles (1 Mark)

c) - Ruminants are polygastric / has four stomach chambers, non-ruminants have one
stomach chamber / monogastric
- Ruminants chew cud, non-ruminants don’t chew cud.
- Ruminants lack salivary amylase, non-ruminants have salivary amylase / ptylin
- Ruminants have micro-organisms in the rumen, non-ruminants have no micro-
organisms.
- Ruminants have alkaline saliva, non-ruminants have neutral saliva.
- Ruminants breakdown cellulose, non-ruminants don’t breakdown cellulose
- Ruminants regurgitate food, non-ruminants don’t regurgitate food.
(5 x 1 = 5 Marks)

19. Maintenance ration is the daily feed allowance per animal in correct amount and proportion
meant to maintain the animals life without increasing or decreasing in weight. (1 Mark)

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20. a) E – Straight slot screw driver ( ½ )
F – Halter ( ½ )
G – Watering can ( ½ )
H – Pruning shears ( ½ )

b) E – Driving in and out screws


F – Restraining animals during carrying out of operations
G – Applying water to crops
H – Trimming hedges (4 x ½ = 2 Marks)

c) Maintenance of G
- Clean after use
- Proper storage
- Repair broken parts e.g. handle, rose
- Unblock the rose when blocked (3 x ½ = 1 ½ Marks

21. a) - Eat food intended for animals


- Transmit diseases
- Block internal digestive system
- Cause irritation
- Damage internal organs and tissues
- Lower quantity of production
- Lower quality of production (4 x 1 = 4 Marks)

b) Vectors – Tsetseflies
- Ticks (2 x ½ = 1 Mark)

c) - Quarantine / Isolation of sick animals


- Vaccination
- Proper feeding / Balanced rations
- Farm hygiene / Proper disposal of carcass

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- Proper housing
- Slaughtering / Killing
- Control vectors
- Treat sick animals
- Deworming / Drenching
- Use of prophylactic drugs
- Foot trimming (6 Marks)

22. a) - Mature early / grow fast


- Have high quality products
- Have high quantity of products
- Don’t transmit diseases to other animals and human beings
- Low cost of production / economical to keep (4 x 1 = 4 Marks)

b) - Environment
- Age
- Animal species
- Body conformation
- Animal breed
- Overcrowding
- Sex
- Change of weather
- Body conditions e.g. fatigue, pregnancy, etc
- Animal movement
- Animal breed (5 x ½ = 2 ½ Marks)

23. a) – Eggs hatch on the ground


- Larvae cling onto the host
- Larvae feed on host and become engorged
- Larvae moults into nymph
- Nymph feeds on blood and becomes engorged

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- Nymph moults into adult
- Adult feeds on host
- Adults mate on the host and females drop to the ground to lay eggs
(6 x ½ = 3 Marks)

b) - Rotational razing
- Fencing of pastureland
- Ploughing of pasture field
- Liming of pasture field
- Pye-greasing spraying with acaricides / dipping in acaricide solutions
- Hand picking / deticking
- Self licking
- Burning of pasture fields (5 x 1 = 5 Marks)

24. a) Scarcity – Limitation of production resources. (1 Mark)


b) - Used to calculate profits and losses
- Used in planning and budgeting. (1 Mark)

c) – Consumable goods inventory


- Permanent goods inventory (2 x 1 = 2 Marks)

25. - Addition of organic matter / Organic manure / Organic farming


- Crop rotation
- Cultivation of soil at right soil moisture content
- Addition of agric lime
- Agroforestry (5 x 1 = 5 Marks)

26. - Post harvest practices


- Processing
- Drying

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- Dusting / Seed dressing
- Packaging
- Sorting and grading
- Threshing / Shelling
- Cleaning (4 x ½ = 2 Marks)

27. – Early maturity of fruits


- Reduces disease and pest attack / Uses resistant rootstocks
- Helps to repair damaged fruit trees
- Helps to produce high quality fruits / Seedless fruits
- Uses rootstocks that are adapted to a wide range of soil conditions (2 x 1 = 2 Marks)

28. – Single stem pruning


- Multiple stem pruning (2 x 1 = 2 Marks)

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