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REVISION EXERCISES-3

1. What should be the surface condition of the test part before the application of
penetrant?

2. What is the adverse reaction of residues from cleaning processes on the penetrant?

3. Which type of contaminant greatly reduce the sensitivity of the fluorescent penetrant?

4. Which type of materials can not be inspected with liquid penetrant method?

5. What is maximum recommended temperature of the test part for carrying out liquid
penetrant inspection (in °C and °F)?

6. What is minimum recommended temperature of the test part for carrying out liquid
penetrant inspection (in °C and °F)?

7. What has to be done when it is not practical to comply with the temperature limitation
while carrying out liquid penetrant testing?

8. How equivalency of a test procedure with a standard test procedure is determined?

9. Which type of cleaner is recommended for the removal of grease?

10. What are detergent cleaners?

11. What does a detergent cleaner contains for wetting, penetrating, emulsifying and
sponifying various types of soils?

12. Describe the nature of detergent cleaner?

13. Enlist three properties of detergent cleaner?

14. What should be cleaning time and temperature range for detergent solutions?

15. What is the recommended concentration of detergent cleaner?

16. Hot alkaline solutions are used for the removal of which type of contaminants?
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17. Which type of solutions are routinely used for the removal of smeared metal that peens
over surface discontinuities?

18. Enlist the cleaning processes after the application of which the surface of the part to be
inspected must be rinsed completely free of cleaner and thoroughly dried by heat prior
to the penetrant application.

19. Are all the cleaning solvents flammable and toxic?

20. Which type of cleaning chemicals are used with ultrasonic agitation to improve
cleaning efficiency and decrease the cleaning time?

21. Which type of contaminations are removed when inorganic cleaners are used with
ultrasonic agitation?

22. Which type of contaminations are removed when organic cleaners are used with
ultrasonic agitation?

23. After ultrasonic cleaning, why the part should be heated and cooled to at least 125ºF
before the application of penetrant?

24. List three uses of metal loose scale removing process.

25. Enlist different metal loose scale removing processes?

26. What is main disadvantage of metal loose scale removing processes?

27. Why metal loose scale removing processes are not recommended for soft metals?

28. List at least four conditions for the choice of a suitable cleaning method for a particular
job.

29. How the final pre-cleaning of the titanium parts is carried out?

30. Steel wire brush is not recommended for cleaning the surface on what type of metals?

31. List two reasons for drying the parts after any pre-cleaning process.

32. Which is the best method for drying parts after a pre-cleaning process?
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33. What is temperature range in the dryer for drying pre-cleaned parts (in °C and °F)?

34. Name the factors that will cause the variation in the drying time of a product.

35. List various methods of penetrant application.

36. Write three factors which affect penetration (or dwell) time of a penetrant.

37. What is the recommended temperature range of the test specimen during penetrant
inspection?

38. What should be the maximum water pressure during water washing of a part to remove
excess penetrant? (in Psi and kPa)

39. What is temperature range (in °C and °F) of water for effective cleaning of excess
penetrant?

40. In which penetrant method rinsing or washing should be monitored under black light?

41. Write down the factors on which emulsification time of the emulsifier depends.

42. Why is dipping or flooding of parts with non-aqueous developers prohibited?

43. Why dry powder developer is applied in an enclosed chamber?

44. How excessive powder developer is removed from a part?

45. Which type of light is used for viewing indications in colour contrast penetrant
inspection method?

46. What should be the intensity of white light at the inspection sight in colour contrast
method?

47. Why the operator should be in the darkened area for at least five minutes before
viewing the part for fluorescent penetrant indications?

48. What is the unit of light intensity, write down its abbreviation?
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49. Define the following:

i) Linear indication

ii) Rounded indication

iii) Relevant indication

iv) False or irrelevant indication

50. When a defect is called longitudinal defect?

51. The dimension ‘W’ required for the location of defect in a weld is usually measured
from which reference point?

52. Can the depth of the defect be reported in a weld when using liquid penetrant method?

53. List various sources of contamination that will produce false or irrelevant indications.

54. Name various methods with which the final cleaning of a part could be done after
liquid penetrant inspection.

55. Name different methods for the presentation of defect in a report when the defect is
detected by liquid penetrant method.
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MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (CH-3)

1. Which of the following contaminants reduce the sensitivity of fluorescent penetrants?

a. Acids
b. Chromates
c. Both (a) & (b)
d. None of the above

2. Which of the following materials can not be inspected by penetrant testing?

a. Plastic
b. Ceramics
c. Glass
d. Concrete
e. Both (b) & (d)

3. Which of the following statement is true?

a. The viscosity of the most liquids increases at high temperature
b. At high temperature, the volatile components of the penetrant may evaporate
c. The viscosity of the most liquids decreases at low temperature
d. Both (b) & (c)

4. Solvent cleaners are recommended for the removal of:

a. Rust and scale
b. Welding flux
c. Inorganic soils
d. None of the above

5. Detergent cleaners are:

a. Flammable
b. Not water-soluble
c. Non corrosive to the item being inspected
d. All of the above
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6. One foot-candle is nearly equal to:

a. 20 lux
b. 32.5 lux
c. 10 lux
d. None of the above

7. Which of the following cleaning processes is not mechanical in nature?

a. Filing
b. Brushing
c. Grinding
d. Etching

8. The typical minimum penetration time to detect welding cracks in steel is:
a. 20 min
b. 30 min
c. 10 min
d. 5 min

9. Which of the following method is used to preserve the penetrant indications?

a. Diagrams
b. Sketches
c. Photography
d. All of the above

10. Which of the following is not a typical source of contamination causing false
indications?
a. Penetrant on hands of operator.
b. Contamination of wet or dry developer
c. Penetrant spots on table
d. None of the above