FACILITIES ENGINEERING

1.1 INTRODUCTION

1.1.1 Overview on Facilities

8 wells consisting of 6 producers and 2 vertical injector were to be completed using _____.

The water alternating gas injection are not required at the early stages. The total estimated reserves

are 300MM stb of oil. With only producing 120 MM stb with natural drive and after 10 years of

producing, we will start implementing the secondary recovery to recover the other 180 MM stb of

oil.

1.1.2 Types of development platform options

The development platform stages need to take a few considerations that is the facilities

required at the surface also the environment factor of the field and platform for the safety of

workers and structure. There are 3 options that technically can be commercialize and viable;

that is fixed jacket platform and tied in host CPP, tension legged platform (TLP) and FSO and

satellite platforms with Floating, Production, Storage and Offloading (FPSO). With the

production span of C-11 Rx 2.80 is 20 years, to rent the FSPO is not really one of feasible and

economically options, besides C-11 Rx 2.80 field is only 80m depth and the weather is not too

brutal. Moreover, with the used of Satellite Platforms as one of the platform for the field, it

will increased the Capital Expenditure compare to when we used the Jacket Platform. On the

other hand, the second option is Tension Leg Platform (TLP) is suitable for oil and gas
 production from 2000 to 5000 ft water depths which is this is for deep water capabilities. Again,

it is not economically suitable for our 80 m which is only 262 ft. Both of the options are going

to affect the CAPEX and OPEX that later will also affect the revenue of this field development

project.

The last option that is jacket platform will offer a better stability and more economically

and feasible compare to FSPO and TLP. The jacket platform with 6 steel framed tubular

structured attached to the sea bed with piles. The jacket platform can be last up to 25 years ,

also it can support a large of deck loads, large number of wells and even it will gives only a

little effect from seafloor scour. With jacket platform, in term of economy aspect, this are by

far the most suitable platform for C-11 Rx 2.80 field. Pipeline is to be developed to transport

the produced crude oil at the Champion-7 as the Central Processing Platform.

1.2 DESIGN FEATURE & BASIS

1.2.1 Facilities Design Contact

1.2.2 Top Structure

1.3 OPERATION FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT

C-11 Rx 2.80 shows a high potential of producing large volume of hydrocarbon and

expected solids when water is produced. Thus, the selection of facilities, separation process and

the equipment, gas handling and other waste handling need to be put into consideration.

1.3.1 Production Flowlines , Flow control and Manifold

 The production manifolds allow the productions completion to flow wither to production

header, separation or processing headers. A multiphase flow meter (MPFM) will be used in order

to monitor the flow of hydrocarbon also for a well testing purpose.

1.3.2 Wellhead

Wellhead system controls the pressure and provide access to the main bore of casing or

tubing or annulus. This controlling pressure system enables the drilling and completion activities

to be conducted in safely manner with a minimal environmental risk. At C-11 Rx 2.80, a Conductor

Sharing Wellhead (CSW) technology will be used, and this technology was identified by Brunei

Shell Petroleum (BSP) as one of the key to reduce the cost of development offshore fields at

Brunei. CSW technology system enable to drill up to 3 dual completion wells from a single slot

and could reduce up to 20% of individual well cost as stated by Schlumberger in the article entitled

‘CSW Conductor-Sharing Wellhead System’. Also, this technology could reduce the platform size

which also could lead for more added savings in the development cost. This CSW system is a time

saver, by means a time saver is reducing the wellhead and blowout-preventer (BOP) installation

requirements. With a total of 8 wells, C-11 Rx 2.80 will construct 3 CSW. Fluid from individual

wells will flow through the Xmas tree, to the production manifolds and direct to the tie-host CPP,

Champion-7 to be further process.

1.3.2 Gas Metering and Measurement

In order to get an accurate hydrocarbon measurement with minimal maintenance, space

and weight requirement, the phase of choosing the type of flow meter used at C-11 Rx 2.80 is one
of the crucial stage. The responsibility to reduce the CAPEX by installing a compact metering are

balanced by operational factors such as the reliability of the flow meter itself and OPEX. Thus, a

Multiphase Flow Meter (MPFM) is used for the well testing and for the purpose of measuring the

flow meter of hydrocarbon. A MPFM gives a lot more advantageous compare with the

conventional technologies such as the turbine meter or positive displacement meter. MPFM

provide a real time measurement also it visualize the flow regimes and behavior that would be

invisible to separator. In fact, it reduces cost in term of the operating and maintenance expenses.

1.3.3 3-Phase Separator

A 3-phase horizontal separator will be used at Champion-7 (CPP) where the hydrocarbon

will flow from the production platform via manifolds. The separator consists of vessel, oil-flow

measuring system with dual meters, a flow-measuring system for gas and valves to protect the

separator if there is any overpressure happen in the separator. With using 2x100, one separator will

be working and the other one is in standby mode. The separator will separate oil, gas and water.

The water will flow through the water treatment facilities that later will be explained in the ____

section. The water then will be used for water injection process. Effluent gas from the separator

some will be flare and used for power up the turbine (for electrical power usage). Due to low

production of gas, thus it is not feasible to process the gas into saleable products. After 10 years

of producing, some of the separated gas then will be used for injection purpose.

1.3.4 Water Alternating Gas Injection

 C-11 Rx 2.80 are exercised to produce 300 MM STB (initially oil in place) but with

expected recovery is only 120 MM STB produced naturally (due to differential pressure). The

remaining 180 MM STB need to be extracted by Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) method which is

the water alternating gas what going to be apply at C-11 Rx 2.80. The advantage of this EOR

method is the combination of water and gas injection alternating each other provides a better

displacement efficiency of gas flooding with macroscopic sweep efficiency due to water injection.

This also avoid the fingering effect to occur during EOR being carry in the process.

1.3.5 Electrical Power and Lighting

The electric power generation and distribution system will be provide electrical power for

the drilling operations and facilities on the platform with provision for future installed equipment.

2 x SGT 400 Gas Turbine Generators were installed with a twin shaft design that the generators

used less starting power requirements, excellent speed and turndown characteristics, also a good

part-load efficiency. Thus, 2 x 400 SGT GTGs are the suitable power generation for C-11 Rx 2.80

with a configuration 2 units, 1 unit on standby basis and the GTGs can power up to 14.5 MW

depends on the ambient temperature. Other than that, the rotors contained in heavy-duty casing in

horizontal and vertical split, where it support the maintenance to be carry on site. This gas turbines

equipped with Dry Low Emission (DLE) combustion system which achieves low Nox emissions.

1.3.6 Drain System

Drain system are important to allow equipment to be drained, opened, inspected and

repaired. For C-11 Rx 2.80, Open Hazardous area Drain system, OHD (where expected contents
are oil, some gas produced, and water) will be install. All enclosed modules will have a liquid seal

traps in drain headers to prevent the possible of vapor communication between areas through the

non-hazardous open drains system. OHD lines converge into headers then flow to Open Drain

Caisson. Water will be disposed into sea and oil will be skim and pump into Closed Drain Vessel.

A Level Transmitter will be installed at the Open Drain Caisson to ensure that the water level and

oil level is at sufficient value.

For Utility Services Drain System, C-11 Rx 2.80 will be install with Helideck Drains to

collect the rainwater in gullies and drained overboard. The Helideck Drain will be fitted with fire

traps so that any burning fuel cannot pass directly overboard.

1.3.7 Flaring System

Flaring system is needed at C-11 Rx 2.80 as initial stage production of hydrocarbon, the

gas produced will not be needed and it is not feasible to process the gas into saleable product.

Thus, flaring is the only alternative. After 10 years of producing the gas will be process to be used

for Water Alternating Gas Injection (WAG). Flaring system will burn all the unwanted and excess

gas during normal or as a safety devices if there is any unplanned over-pressuring operations at C-

11 Rx 2.80. Type of flare used are the Single Point Orifice Sonic flares where it will dispose of

high pressure waste gas streams with high smokeless capacities. It will be positioned vertically

and inclined on the end of flare boom in order to direct the flame away from the operating platform.