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Figure 8.2: The linear chain with nearest-neighbour hopping v, and a second-
neighbour hopping t for one of the sublattices. The other sublattice has the site
energy 6 .
For t > 0, the lower band is the dispersionless B-(Ic) = -24 which
is separated by a gap from the upper band E+(lc) = 2t cos Ic X2t. It +
can be proven that for U > 0, for N = L electrons, the ground state is
indeed a fully polarized ferromagnetg with S = N / 2 .
Looking at Fig. 8.2 we might become worried because the previous
finding seems to contradict a celebrated theorem by Lieb and Mattis
’In fact, it is an insulating ferromagnet: there is a gap even at U = 0 and it is
likely to increase when U is switched on. However, even though the exact proof does
not cover the case N < L, a large-U argument does (3231, and there seems to be no
doubt that metallic ferromagnetism will be found for a range of fillings.