Given the ordinates of a 4 hour UHG.

Derive the ordinates of a 12 hr UHG

by S curve method
Time in Ordinate S curve S curve ordinates S curve ordinate
Hr. of 4 hr. ordinate ordinates of S curve difference of 12 hr.
UHG in lagged by in cumec lagged by in cumec UHG in
cumec 4 hrs in 12 hrs. in cumec
cumec cumec

0 0 0 0 0 0 0
4 18 0 18 0 18 6
8 75 18 93 0 93 31
12 120 93 213 0 213 71
16 145 213 358 18 340 113.3
20 120 358 478 93 385 128.3
24 85 478 563 213 350 116.7
28 49 563 612 358 254 84.7
30 24 612 636 478 158 52.7
36 17 636 653 563 90 30.0
40 8 653 661 612 49 16.3
44 0 661 661 636 25 8.3
700

600

500

400

300 S curve hydrograph

12 hr. UHG
200

100

0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
Time in hr. (t)
 The ordinates of an 4 hr. UHG for a particular bain are given below.
Determine the ordintes of the S-curve hydrograph and thereafter the
ordinates of the 6 hr. UHG.
Time in Ordinate S curve S curve ordinates S curve ordinate
Hr. of 4 hr. ordinate ordinates of S curve difference of 6 hr.
UHG in lagged by in cumec lagged by in cumec UHG in
cumec 4 hrs in 6 hrs. in cumec
cumec cumec

0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 25 0 25 0 25 16.7
4 100 0 100 0 100 66.7
6 160 25 185 0 185 123.3 500
8 190 100 290 25 265 176.7
10 170 185 355 100 255 170.0 400
12 110 290 400 185 215 143.3

Discharge in cumec
14 70 355 425 290 135 90.0 300
16 30 400 430 355 75 50.0
18 20 425 445 400 45 30.0 200
20 6 430 436 425 11 7.3
22 1.5 445 446.5 430 16.5 11.0 100
24 0 436 436 445 -9 -6.0
0
0 5 10 1
-100
Time in h
 500

400
Discharge in cumec

300

200
S curve hydrograph
6 hr. UHG
100

0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
-100
Time in hr (t)
Determine the ordinates of a storm hydrograph resulting from 3 hour storm of rainfall of 2.0,
6.75 and 3.75 cm during subsquent 3 hours intervals. The ordinats of UH are as follows.
Assume initial loss of 5mm, infiltration index of 2.5 mm/hr. and base flow of 10 cumecs

Time in Ordinates Direct runoff ordinates from rainfall Base flow ordinates
hours of 3 hr excess during successive 3b hrs. in cumec of total
UH in Rainfall duration runoff i.e.
cumecs excess in flood
3 hr. hydrograph
duration for 0.75 for 6.0 for 3.0 Total of in cumec
in cm. cm cm cm Col. IV, V
& VI

I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX

3 0 0.75 0 0 0 0 10 10
6 110 6 82.5 0 0 82.5 10 92.5
9 365 3 273.75 660 0 933.75 10 943.75
5000
12 500 375 2190 330 2895 10 2905
4500
15 390 292.5 3000 1095 4387.5 10 4397.5
18 310 232.5 2340 1500 4072.5 10 4082.5 4000
21 250 187.5 1860 1170 3217.5 10 3227.5 3500

Discharge in cumec
24 235 176.25 1500 930 2606.25 10 2616.25 3000
27 175 131.25 1410 750 2291.25 10 2301.25 2500
30 130 97.5 1050 705 1852.5 10 1862.5 2000
33 95 71.25 780 525 1376.25 10 1386.25 1500
36 65 48.75 570 390 1008.75 10 1018.75 1000
39 40 30 390 285 705 10 715
500
42 22 16.5 240 195 451.5 10 461.5
0
45 10 7.5 132 120 259.5 10 269.5 0
48 0 0 60 66 126 10 136
51 0 0 0 30 30 10 40
54 0 0 0 0 0 10 10
 5000
4500
4000
3500
Discharge in cumec

3000
2500
3 hr. UHG
2000 Base flow = 10 cumec
1500 Totl flood hydrograph
1000
500
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time in hr
 The flow pattern observed at 2 hour intervals corresponding to a storm
over a area of 450 Km2 is as given below. Find the ordinates of 2 hour
UHG. Assume a constant base of 15 cumec.

Time in hr. ordinates of Base flow in ordinates of ordinates of 2 hr.

2 hr. storm cumec. direct runoff UHG in cumec.
hydrograph hydrograph in
in cumec. cumec.

I II III IV v
0 18 15 3 1.40
2 110 15 95 44.19
4 268 15 253 117.67
6 330 15 315 146.51
8 270 15 255 118.60 2 hr.
10 150 15 135 62.79
12 125 15 110 51.16 160.00
14 80 15 65 30.23 140.00
16 70 15 55 25.58 120.00

Discharge in cumec.
18 45 15 30 13.95 100.00
20 37 15 22 10.23 80.00
22 20 15 5 2.33 60.00
24 15 15 0 0.00 40.00
ΣO= 1343 20.00
0.00
(0.36 x ΣO x Δt)/Area of catchment 0 5 10 15
Depth of direct runoff in cm = (0.36 x 1343 x 2)/450 Time in hrs
2.15
 2 hr. UHG
160.00
140.00
120.00
100.00
80.00 2 hr. UHG
60.00
40.00
20.00
0.00
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Time in hrs.