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MODULE 1
Non‐Precision Approach:
Introduction
Contents
• Introduction
• Arrival Segment
• Initial Approach Segment
• Intermediate Segment
• Final Approach Segment
• Missed Approach Segment
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NPA Introduction
A non‐precision approach is divided into
Arrival, Initial, Intermediate, Final and Missed
Approach segments.
3 Non‐Precision Approach: Introduction
NPA Introduction
• A non‐precision instrument approach procedure is a series of predetermined
manoeuvres by reference to flight instruments and ground based navigation
aids (excludes Instrument Landing System).
• Begins from an Initial Approach Fix (IAF)
• Ends at the Missed Approach Fix (MAPt) from which a landing can be made
• Includes specified protection from obstacles, and, if a landing is not made,
direction to a position where holding or en‐route criteria apply.
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NPA Introduction
• The most commonly used ground based navigation aids for non‐precision
instrument approaches are:
– Very High Frequency Omni‐directional Range (VOR),
– Non Directional Beacons (NDB),
– Distance Measuring Equipment (DME),
– Tactical Air Navigation (TACAN),
– Terminal Approach Radar (TAR) or Search Radar Element (SRE).
5 Non‐Precision Approach: Introduction
Arrival Segment
• Links en‐route structure to the approach procedure.
VOR/DME 2
Arrival Segment
Radial and distance
provided by VOR/DME 2 Arrival Segment
DME Arc provided by DME 1
Approach Missed Approach
VOR/DME 1
Approach Procedure
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Initial Approach Segment
• First segment begins at an Initial Approach Fix (IAF).
• The initial approach segment can be a DME arc.
Initial Approach Fix (IAF)
Initial Segment
Approach Missed Approach
Intermediate Fix (IF)
7 Non‐Precision Approach: Introduction
Intermediate Segment
• Connects the Initial Approach with the Final Approach.
Initial Approach Fix (IAF)
Initial Segment
Intermediate
Segment
Missed Approach
Intermediate Fix (IF) Final Approach Fix (FAF)
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Final Approach Segment
• Final descent for landing from the Final Approach Fix (FAF).
Initial Approach Fix (IAF)
Initial Approach
Segment
Intermediate Approach Final Approach Segment
Segment (Straight in)
Missed Approach
Intermediate Fix (IF)
Final Approach Fix
(FAF)
9 Non‐Precision Approach: Introduction
Missed Approach Segment
• Enables the aircraft to return for another attempt at the approach or divert via
the en‐route structure.
Initial Approach Fix (IAF)
Initial Approach
Segment
Intermediate Fix (IF) Final Approach Fix (FAF)
Missed Approach Segment
10 Non‐Precision Approach: Introduction