Professional Documents
Culture Documents
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
7 QC TOOLS
MEMBERS:
CAMPIAN BASILIO, MARCELA SORAIDA
CURI OCHOA, INES
HUAIRE VELIZ, CRHISTIAN LEANDRO
SANTAMARIA SOSA, YOSELIN LUCILA
PERÚ-LIMA
2018-02
1. Flow Diagram:
2. Flow Diagram:
select place
select time
select time
selec date
select participants
select topic
hold meeting
review comments
3. Flow Diagram:
GET TO UNIVERSITY
wake up
take a shower
have a breakfast
change clothes
leaving home
go to class room
pay attention
4. Cause and effect Diagram:
5. Constructing a Cause-Effect-Diagram
Use a cause-effect diagram to develop a list of potential causes for each of the
following:
c. You consistently slice when hitting a golf ball with your driver
Solution:
measurements frequency Acumulated % Acumulated
1000 7 7 23.33%
1001 6 13 43.33%
999 5 18 60.00%
998 4 22 73.33%
997 3 25 83.33%
1002 3 28 93.33%
1003 2 30 100.00%
total 30
PARETO DIAGRAM
120%
100%
% Acumulated
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
1000 1001 999 998 997 1002 1003
measurements
7. Pareto Diagram: The principal causes of accidents, their percentage of occurrence, and
the estimated resulting loss of production per annum in the UK is given in the table below:
Machinery 16 190
Transport 8 30
Falls from heights >6´ 16 100
Tripping 3 10
Striking against objects 9 7
Falling objects 7 20
Handling goods 27 310
Hand tools 7 65
Burns 5 15
Unspecified 2 3
Solution:
a) Pareto Diagram: Accident cause list is in order of decreasing the percentage of
all accidents
Cumulative
Percentage of
Accident cause Cumulative Relative
all accidents
Frecuency
Handling goods 27 27 27%
Machinery 16 43 43%
Falls from heights >6´ 16 59 59%
Striking against 9 68 68%
objects
Transport 8 76 76%
Falling objects 7 83 83%
Hand tools 7 90 90%
Burns 5 95 95%
Tripping 3 98 98%
Unspecified 2 100 100%
100
PARETO DIAGRAM
120%
CUMULATIVE RELATIVE FRECUENCY
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
ACCIDENT CAUSE
b) Pareto Diagram: Accident cause list is in order of decreasing the estimated loss
of production
Cumulative
Estimated loss
Accident cause Cumulative Relative
of production
Frecuency
Handling goods 310 310 41%
Machinery 190 500 67%
Falls from heights >6´ 100 600 80%
Hand tools 65 665 89%
Transport 30 695 93%
Falling objects 20 715 95%
Burns 15 730 97%
Tripping 10 740 99%
Striking against 7 747 100%
objects
Unspecified 3 750 100%
750
Pareto Diagram
Frecuency
120%
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
Accident cause
c) Pareto Diagram: Accident cause list is in order of both decreasing the percentage
of all accidents (a) and estimated loss of production (b).
Percentage Estimated Cumulative
of all loss of
Accident cause (a)*(b) Cumulative Relative
accidents production
(a) (b) Frecuency
Handling goods 27 310 8370 8370 60%
Machinery 16 190 3040 11410 81%
Falls from heights >6´ 16 100 1600 13010 93%
Hand tools 7 65 455 13465 96%
Transport 8 30 240 13705 98%
Falling objects 7 20 140 13845 99%
Burns 5 15 75 13920 99%
Striking against 9 7 63 13983 100%
objects
Tripping 3 10 30 14013 100%
Unspecified 2 3 6 14019 100%
14019
Pareto Diagram
120%
100%
Frecuency 80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
Accident Cause
8. Pareto diagram: the manufacturer of domestic electrical appliances has been examining
causes of warranty claims. Ten have been identified and the annual cost of warranty work
resulting from these is as follows:
A 1090
B 2130
C 30690
D 620
E 5930
F 970
G 49980
H 1060
I 4980
J 3020
Carry out a Pareto analysis on the above data, and describe how the main causes could be
investigated.
Solution:
Total 100470
Pareto Diagram
120%
100%
% Acumulated
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
G C E I J B A H F D
Measurements
Pareto analysis shows us that the warranty claims that generate the greatest cost are the G and
C causes
9. SCATTER DIAGRAM: Use the following data to construct a scatter diagram. Does there
appear to be a relationship between hours of overtime and number of rejects? Discuss
SCATTER DIAGRAM
45
40 R² = 0.8174
35
NUMBER OF REJECTS
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
HOURS OF OVERTIME
Does there appear to be a relationship between hours of overtime and number rejects?
r= √0.8174
r= 0.904126
The value obtained is very close to 1, which confirms that the correlation is strongly
positive
The relationship between overtime and the number of rejections is a strong positive
correlation (with a positive ascending direction), since the more overtime there are,
the number of rejections also increases. In addition, most points on the graph are
very close to the trend line.
10. Scatter Diagram: A fraternity collected information about study habits and grades of
members of their fraternity enrolled in the same course. Construct a scatter diagram with
study time as the x-variable and grade as the y-variable. Does there appear to be a
relationship between time spent studying and grade received on the mid-term examination?
Discuss.
120 Grade
100
80 y = 5.2786x + 57.897
R² = 0.8707
60
Grade
40 Lineal (Grade)
20
0
0 2 4 6 8 10
11. RUN CHART: Your boss has asked you to evaluate the reject percentage for the past year
on one of the production lines. Use the following data to be a pattern in the change in the
reject rate over the year?
REJECT (%)
4
3.7
3.5 3.5
3.3 3.3
3 3.1 3
2.7
2.5 2.5
2.3 2.2
2
1.6 1.7
1.5
0.5
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Which the rejection rate has decreased throughout the year and will probably continue
during the following year.
12. Run Chart: The number of defects found in 25 samples of 100 Gamma Candy Company
lemon drops taken on a daily basis from a production line over a five week period is given
Here (by rows). Plot these data on a run chart, computing the average value (center line),
but ignoring the control limits. Do you suspect that any special causes are present? Why?
0 5 4 4 3 1 0 0 3 6
14 12 1 7 6 6 5 7 6 3
3 2 2 4 6
RUN CHART
16 14
14
12
10
y = 0.276x
8
6
4
2
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
The highest peak is at point 14 where the largest number of defective defects was found
13. Histogram: Suposse that a local company unit collected the following data about the time
it takes to do an activity during a one week period.
N° DATOS FRECUENCIA
43-157 4
158-272 3
273-387 27
388-502 10
503-617 9
618-732 4
733-847 1
848-962 2
HISTOGRAM
30
25
20
FRECUENCIA
15
10
0
DATOS
14. Histogram: Make a histogram for the following concentration of sugar data. Use
one unit as the cell width. What peculiarity of the data is discovered?
DATE AVERAGE
5/04/2015 27.80
5/05/2015 33.20
5/06/2015 25.20
5/07/2015 23.54
5/08/2015 25.53
5/11/2015 26.17
5/12/2015 25.87
HISTOGRAM
35.00
30.00
25.00
AVERAGE
20.00
15.00
10.00
5.00
0.00
It is discovered that for May 5, where there was a higher concentration of sugar, and
that on July 5, a lower concentration of sugar was obtained.