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UNIVERSITY SAN IGNACIO DE LOYOLA

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING

7 QC TOOLS
MEMBERS:
CAMPIAN BASILIO, MARCELA SORAIDA
CURI OCHOA, INES
HUAIRE VELIZ, CRHISTIAN LEANDRO
SANTAMARIA SOSA, YOSELIN LUCILA

COURSE: GESTIÓN DE CALIDAD


TEACHER: CEVALLOS AMPUERO, JUAN MANUEL

PERÚ-LIMA

2018-02
1. Flow Diagram:

2. Flow Diagram:

prepare darft agenda

select place

select time

select time

selec date

select participants

select topic

prepare meeting room

hold meeting

distribute draft for comments

review comments
3. Flow Diagram:

GET TO UNIVERSITY

wake up

take a shower

have a breakfast

change clothes

pack your pacback

leaving home

go to the university by bus

enter the university

go to class room

pay attention
4. Cause and effect Diagram:

- User attitude - Slobs


- User carelessness - Janitor attitude
Janitor service POOR QUALITY
AND
ITY
- Type of floor material - Lack of paper towels PRODUCTIVITY
- Paper dispensers - Unrealible pumbling
- Use of papers towels - Poor lighting
Too small

5. Constructing a Cause-Effect-Diagram

Use a cause-effect diagram to develop a list of potential causes for each of the
following:

a. Failure to earn a 20 on an examination.


b. You consistently arrive late for class or work

c. You consistently slice when hitting a golf ball with your driver

d. Your table lamp falls to light when turn the switch on


6. Pareto Diagram. An analyst measured the length of 30 peanuts for grading purposes. She
obtained the following measurements.

997 1002 998 1000 999


999 999 1000 1001 998
1003 1000 999 1000 1001
1000 1002 997 1002 997
1000 1001 1001 1003 998
1001 998 1000 999 1001

Solution:
measurements frequency Acumulated % Acumulated
1000 7 7 23.33%
1001 6 13 43.33%
999 5 18 60.00%
998 4 22 73.33%
997 3 25 83.33%
1002 3 28 93.33%
1003 2 30 100.00%
total 30

PARETO DIAGRAM
120%

100%
% Acumulated

80%

60%

40%

20%

0%
1000 1001 999 998 997 1002 1003
measurements
7. Pareto Diagram: The principal causes of accidents, their percentage of occurrence, and
the estimated resulting loss of production per annum in the UK is given in the table below:

Accident cause Percentage of all Estimated loss of


accidents production

Machinery 16 190
Transport 8 30
Falls from heights >6´ 16 100
Tripping 3 10
Striking against objects 9 7
Falling objects 7 20
Handling goods 27 310
Hand tools 7 65
Burns 5 15
Unspecified 2 3

Solution:
a) Pareto Diagram: Accident cause list is in order of decreasing the percentage of
all accidents
Cumulative
Percentage of
Accident cause Cumulative Relative
all accidents
Frecuency
Handling goods 27 27 27%
Machinery 16 43 43%
Falls from heights >6´ 16 59 59%
Striking against 9 68 68%
objects
Transport 8 76 76%
Falling objects 7 83 83%
Hand tools 7 90 90%
Burns 5 95 95%
Tripping 3 98 98%
Unspecified 2 100 100%
100
PARETO DIAGRAM
120%
CUMULATIVE RELATIVE FRECUENCY
100%

80%

60%

40%

20%

0%

ACCIDENT CAUSE

b) Pareto Diagram: Accident cause list is in order of decreasing the estimated loss
of production

Cumulative
Estimated loss
Accident cause Cumulative Relative
of production
Frecuency
Handling goods 310 310 41%
Machinery 190 500 67%
Falls from heights >6´ 100 600 80%
Hand tools 65 665 89%
Transport 30 695 93%
Falling objects 20 715 95%
Burns 15 730 97%
Tripping 10 740 99%
Striking against 7 747 100%
objects
Unspecified 3 750 100%
750
Pareto Diagram
Frecuency
120%
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%

Accident cause

c) Pareto Diagram: Accident cause list is in order of both decreasing the percentage
of all accidents (a) and estimated loss of production (b).
Percentage Estimated Cumulative
of all loss of
Accident cause (a)*(b) Cumulative Relative
accidents production
(a) (b) Frecuency
Handling goods 27 310 8370 8370 60%
Machinery 16 190 3040 11410 81%
Falls from heights >6´ 16 100 1600 13010 93%
Hand tools 7 65 455 13465 96%
Transport 8 30 240 13705 98%
Falling objects 7 20 140 13845 99%
Burns 5 15 75 13920 99%
Striking against 9 7 63 13983 100%
objects
Tripping 3 10 30 14013 100%
Unspecified 2 3 6 14019 100%
14019
Pareto Diagram
120%
100%
Frecuency 80%
60%
40%
20%
0%

Accident Cause

8. Pareto diagram: the manufacturer of domestic electrical appliances has been examining
causes of warranty claims. Ten have been identified and the annual cost of warranty work
resulting from these is as follows:

Cause Annual cost of warranty work ()

A 1090

B 2130

C 30690

D 620

E 5930

F 970

G 49980

H 1060

I 4980

J 3020
Carry out a Pareto analysis on the above data, and describe how the main causes could be
investigated.
Solution:

Measurements Frecuncy Acumulated % Acumulated

G 49980 49980 49.75%


C 30690 80670 80.29%
E 5930 86600 86.19%
I 4980 91580 91.15%
J 3020 94600 94.16%
B 2130 96730 96.28%
A 1090 97820 97.36%
H 1060 98880 98.42%
F 970 99850 99.38%
D 620 100470 100.00%

Total 100470

Pareto Diagram
120%

100%
% Acumulated

80%

60%

40%

20%

0%
G C E I J B A H F D
Measurements

Pareto analysis shows us that the warranty claims that generate the greatest cost are the G and
C causes
9. SCATTER DIAGRAM: Use the following data to construct a scatter diagram. Does there
appear to be a relationship between hours of overtime and number of rejects? Discuss

Hours of overtime Number of rejects


127 33
90 25
95 23
160 40
10 9
80 19
27 14
103 28
48 19
65 31

SCATTER DIAGRAM
45
40 R² = 0.8174
35
NUMBER OF REJECTS

30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
HOURS OF OVERTIME

Does there appear to be a relationship between hours of overtime and number rejects?

r= √0.8174
r= 0.904126
 The value obtained is very close to 1, which confirms that the correlation is strongly
positive
 The relationship between overtime and the number of rejections is a strong positive
correlation (with a positive ascending direction), since the more overtime there are,
the number of rejections also increases. In addition, most points on the graph are
very close to the trend line.
10. Scatter Diagram: A fraternity collected information about study habits and grades of
members of their fraternity enrolled in the same course. Construct a scatter diagram with
study time as the x-variable and grade as the y-variable. Does there appear to be a
relationship between time spent studying and grade received on the mid-term examination?
Discuss.

X: Study Time (hours) Y: Grade


1 62
8 94
3 75
2 65
2 77
4 80
7 98
1 55
3 77
5 86

120 Grade
100

80 y = 5.2786x + 57.897
R² = 0.8707
60
Grade
40 Lineal (Grade)

20

0
0 2 4 6 8 10
11. RUN CHART: Your boss has asked you to evaluate the reject percentage for the past year
on one of the production lines. Use the following data to be a pattern in the change in the
reject rate over the year?

MONTH REJECT (%) MEAN UCL LCL


January 3.7 2.74166667 3.43246111 2.05087222
February 3.3 2.74166667 3.43246111 2.05087222
March 3.1 2.74166667 3.43246111 2.05087222
April 3.5 2.74166667 3.43246111 2.05087222
May 3.3 2.74166667 3.43246111 2.05087222
June 2.7 2.74166667 3.43246111 2.05087222
July 3 2.74166667 3.43246111 2.05087222
August 2.3 2.74166667 3.43246111 2.05087222
September 2.5 2.74166667 3.43246111 2.05087222
October 2.2 2.74166667 3.43246111 2.05087222
November 1.6 2.74166667 3.43246111 2.05087222
December 1.7 2.74166667 3.43246111 2.05087222

REJECT (%)
4
3.7
3.5 3.5
3.3 3.3
3 3.1 3
2.7
2.5 2.5
2.3 2.2
2

1.6 1.7
1.5

0.5

0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

REJECT (%) MEAN UCL LCL

Which the rejection rate has decreased throughout the year and will probably continue
during the following year.
12. Run Chart: The number of defects found in 25 samples of 100 Gamma Candy Company
lemon drops taken on a daily basis from a production line over a five week period is given
Here (by rows). Plot these data on a run chart, computing the average value (center line),
but ignoring the control limits. Do you suspect that any special causes are present? Why?

0 5 4 4 3 1 0 0 3 6
14 12 1 7 6 6 5 7 6 3
3 2 2 4 6

RUN CHART
16 14
14
12
10
y = 0.276x
8
6
4
2
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30

The highest peak is at point 14 where the largest number of defective defects was found

13. Histogram: Suposse that a local company unit collected the following data about the time
it takes to do an activity during a one week period.

328 292 399 310 87 360


320 608 302 325 391 368
462 512 227 127 407 43
247 338 560 362 487 309
882 335 843 348 335 512
228 960 308 569 359 590
69 577 422 632 362 302
365 502 559 423 403 618
720 387 301 701 512 374
308 344 340 399 312 342

N° DATOS FRECUENCIA
43-157 4
158-272 3
273-387 27
388-502 10
503-617 9
618-732 4
733-847 1
848-962 2
HISTOGRAM
30

25

20
FRECUENCIA

15

10

0
DATOS

43-157 158-272 273-387 388-502 503-617 618-732 733-847 848-962

14. Histogram: Make a histogram for the following concentration of sugar data. Use
one unit as the cell width. What peculiarity of the data is discovered?

DATE AVERAGE
5/04/2015 27.80
5/05/2015 33.20
5/06/2015 25.20
5/07/2015 23.54
5/08/2015 25.53
5/11/2015 26.17
5/12/2015 25.87

HISTOGRAM
35.00
30.00
25.00
AVERAGE

20.00
15.00
10.00
5.00
0.00

4/5/2015 5/5/2015 6/5/2015 7/5/2015 8/5/2015 11/5/2015 12/5/2015


Y 27.80 33.20 25.20 23.54 25.53 26.17 25.87

It is discovered that for May 5, where there was a higher concentration of sugar, and
that on July 5, a lower concentration of sugar was obtained.

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