SMART BOOKLET

ON
“MATTER AROUND US”
(VI - Science)

Created & Designed by

SOMASUNDHARAM. D,
Coordinator, Samagra Shiksha,
Directorate of School Education, Puducherry.
1
 Topics Covered

Sl. No. Content

Basics of Matter – Physical Nature &

1
Characteristics of particles

2 Mass, Volume & Shape of States of Matter

3 Diffusion

4 Compresibility

2
Subject: Science Standard: VI

Matter Around Us
Basics to know about matter:
1. All around us.

Immediate: Air an example (breath and feel).

2. What is Matter? And is it made of?

 Matter is defined as anything that has mass and takes up space.
 All matter is made of something, even if it looks like nothing.

Atoms – Smallest particle of matter.

3. SEM – Scanning Electron Microscope.

4. TEM – Tunnelling Electronic Microscope. Electricity to map atoms.

Working of Scanning
Electron Microscope
URL:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=385n7o_dats

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States of Matter:-
1. Solids – Eg., ice, rice, pencil, bag, etc.,

2. Liquids – Eg., juice, water, rain, etc.,

3. Gases – Eg., Air inside the balloon, air, oxygen, etc.,

4. Plasma - Eg: Sun/ Stars are covered in plasma (Ionic states)

5. Bose – Einstein condensate. - Eg: Gas like matter that exists at

extremely cold temperature – Cryogenics.

Plasma State of Bose-Einstein

Matter Condensate (BEC)
State of Matter
URLs:

https://nroer.gov.in/55ab34ff81fccb4f1d806025/page/5a9e582f16b51cebb
41ccc7b

https://nroer.gov.in/55ab34ff81fccb4f1d806025/page/5a9e583216b51ceb
b41ccc92

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Activity 1:

a) Simple Experiment:
Items needed : Sugar crystals, Beaker, Water, Lens,
Paper cups – 5-10 Nos.
Procedure : Make a Sugar solution
Observation : Watch crystal - with eyes & also with lens, watch
solution & Taste.

Physical Nature of Matter:

1. Ancient Philosophers:
Kanada –India
Democrites – Greece Idea on nature of matter

600 BC

The Indian Sage, Kanad, who developed Atomic Theory 2,600 years ago

Source: https://www.ancient-origins.net/ancient-technology/indian-sage
who-developed-atomic-theory-2600-years-ago-001399

460 BC

Democritus' Idea of the Atom

Source: https://www.ck12.org/c/physical-science/democritus-idea-of-the-
atom/lesson/Democrituss-Idea-of-the-Atom-MS-PS/

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 b) Imaginary „thought Experiments‟:
Take a piece of thread.
Can we cut the rope into two without an end?
“No, we cannot go on endlessly. There will be a point at which we
will not be able to cut the thread further.”
(i.e., the point when we will reach molecules or atoms)

Conclusions:
 Matter is made up of very small particles.

Eg: Gold is made up of tiny cold particles.

Water is made up of very tiny water particles.

 Tiny particles – atoms or molecules. Extremely small, cannot see

with a powerful microscope.
 Group of particles – only we can see.

Matter is Made up
of Particles

URL:

https://nroer.gov.in/55ab34ff81fccb4f1d806025/page/58871214472d4a1fe
f810cf0

Eg: A drop of water – 1021 water particles.

One dot by pen – Two lakh molecules.

Characteristics of the particles of matter:

 A lot of space in between particles

 Different forms: different spacing

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C) Continuation of Activity 1:

i. Where has sugar gone?

ii. Will the glass of water be now sweet?

 Particles have space between them.

Reason: Sugar particles are now occupying the space available

in between water moecules.

Particles have space

between them
URL:

https://youtu.be/fUzKozeqDPo

 Particles of matter attract each other.

 Which keeps the particles together.

 This attractive force will be different for different forms.

Particles Attract Each

Other
URL:

https://nroer.gov.in/55ab34ff81fccb4f1d806025/page/58871d8b472d4a1fe
f8111b2

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Grouping of matter on the basis of Physical States:
Based on the above characteristics

Physical states of matter

 Solids
 Liquids
 Gases

3.1. Mass, shapes and Volume of Solid, Liquid & Gas:

Mass – Amount or quantity of matter.

Volume – Amount of space occupied.

Density = Mass/ Volume

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Activity 2:
Step 1: Three group formation

Step 2: Showing all familiar objects (Feather, apple, doll, plastic,

container, cow, spoon, book, comb, pencil, table, scrub
brush, broom, glass of water, spectacles, iron box, bird,
balloon, paper cup, stone, rubber band, gas cylinder, iron
rod, wood, oil cane.)

Step 3: Ask the following to group members for discussion and note it
down.

 Ask them all the same or different?

 Which you are those similar and group them?
 On what basis did you group them?
 Is there only one way of doing it or more ways?

Steps 4: Grouping the objects according to the following. (Based on

similarities & Differences)

 Uses – Pencil, books. (for studying)

 Made up of
 Plastic (Bucket, Comb)
 Wood (Table)
 Living and non-living. (Cow, bird, others).
 Rough and soft ( Scrub, brush, broom, toy bear)
 Transparent or not (Light passing through glass of water, spectacles)
(Apple, iron box)
 Liquid, gas and solid (water, balloon, iron rod)
 Things that float & things that sink. ( Feather, paper cup, apple,
stone)
 Stretching and rigid (Rubber bank, comb)

Activity 3:
Step 1: All the children into 2 groups.
Step 2: Table (Chalk piece, wind, steam, water, rain, lemon stone,
balloon, lemon juice, air, smoke, river, brick, table and door)
Step 3: Show the table prepared by Malar to ask the following:
Step 4: Done by the children based on some properties like hardness,
thinks that flow, very light and flow more freely etc.
Step 5: Showing the slides of particles in Solids, Liquids & Gases and
ask them to list.

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Activity 4:
Step 1: Lift an uninflected cycle tube/ balloon.

Step 2: Inflate it and lift it again.

Questions:

 Is there a change in the weight?

 Can we see that air has mass?

Findings: We can say that air is also matter though we cannot see.

Activity 5:
100 ml Juice sachets – 2 nos., Glasses – 2 Nos. with difference size. (Also

take 100ml container having different shapes)

Observations:

 Does its shape also change?

 Does its volume change when it is poured into a big glass or a

small one?

 How will you find out whether the volume has changed or not?

(The amount of juice is the same in both glasses).

Findings: Volume of the given liquid remains the same.

Conclusion:

Liquid

 Needs a container

Shapes changes - Takes the shape of a container (because the

particles slide past one another and keep moving).

 Volume remains the same (Whether it is kept in larger/smaller

container)

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3.2 Diffusion:
I. Did the book move?
II.
 Did the ink particles move and spread itself in water?
 How long did it take for complete mixing?

Diffusion in Liquid
URL:

https://youtu.be/S_Y__0q0SOU

III.

 Did you get the smell of the Incense stick from where you are
standing?
 How fast did you get the smell?
 How did the smell reach you?
 Movement of particles is rest ricked in solids and they do not
diffuse like liquids and gases. In fluids the particles are under
motion. Eg: Cycle tube, air-pump, weighing machine.

(Diffusion- Tamil)
URL:

https://diksha.gov.in/play/content/do_31251339798385459224134

Conclusion: The particles of gases and liquids can move and that away
gases more easily.

Definition: “Diffusion is the tendency of particles to spread out in order to

occupy the available space.”

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Liquefaction of gases:
 Conversion of gaseous state to liquid state
 Condition: i) When pressure of a gas increased - Molecules come
closer together & ii) temperature is reduced – removes enough energy

Movement of
Particles - Live
URL:

https://nroer.gov.in/55ab34ff81fccb4f1d806025/page/5b20c32a16b51c01f
3e568c5

3.3 Compressible as compared to Liquid & Solid:

Experiment:

Conclusion:

Gases are highly compressible as compared to liquids and solids.

Compressibility
of Solids, Liquids
& Gases
URL:

https://youtu.be/WrM5SQrRTMM

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To sum up....

Sl.
Property Solid Liquid Gas
No.
No
(Assumes
1 Definite Shape Yes shape of the No
container/
vessel)
No.
(Fill the
2 Definite Volume Yes Yes
container
completely)
Less than
solids but
3 Density High Low
much higher
than gas
Flow more
Hard, dense & Flow, dense freely, not
4 Nature of particles
rigid & not rigid dense & not
rigid
Arranged in
Particles Arranged far
5 Closely packed random or
arrangement apart
irregular way
Space between the
6 Little Greater Greatest
particles
Less
attraction
Attraction between
7 Very strong than solids Least
particles
but more
than gases
Continuous
Movement of
8 Cannot move Move freely & random
particles
motion
No or less Can diffuse
Little
9 Diffusion space for easily/
movement
spreading quickly
More
affected.
10 Effect on gravity Affected Gravity affect Not affected
around the
liquid
Hardly
compressible Highly
11 Compressibility Incompressible
to a small compressible
extent

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Further references:-

Sl.
Content/ Topic QR Code URL
No.

https://nroer.gov.in/55ab34ff81fccb4f
Concept Map on 1d806025/page/5886fb66472d4a1fef8
1 Matter 101d9

https://nroer.gov.in/55ab34ff81fccb4f
Five States of
1d806025/page/58e49a80472d4a0ac7
2 Matter – Detailed
8df588
version

Differences https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A
3 between Solids, sx1D31gRxA
Liquids & gases

Similarities
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0
4 between Solids,
MuIi2CaPSQ
Liquids & gases

Movement of https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7
5
Particles 4i1d4wFxEU&feature=youtu.be

Diffusion and
6 https://youtu.be/Peg1yaB2bsk
Temperature

Compressibility of https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1
7
Matter 3V6vknxOrk

http://www.sciencekids.co.nz/gamesa
ctivities/gases.html
8
Fun games on
States of Matter
https://www.ecosystemforkids.com/ga
mes/2nd-grade/state-of-
9 matter/activity.html

Thanks to:-

https://www.qr-code-generator.com/

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