Experimental Procedure

1. Prepare Standard Solution:

a) Weigh <=1.9605 g of KHP by differences using the analytical balance:

- (Use top-loading balance first to get an approximate amount, then use the analytical
balance)

Mass of Weigh Boat + KHP (record all d.p.) =

- Transfer KHP to beaker and then weigh the empty boat.

Mass of Empty Weigh Boat (record all d.p.) =

Mass of KHP Added (record all d.p.) =

Calculation for Concentration of KHP mz = 204.2215gmol −1

- Find moles of KHP:
mass
molesKHP =
mz

volume = 25.00cm 3
- Find concentration of KHP:
moles × 1000
concentrationKHP =
volume

b) Add 50 ml deionized water to the sample. Heat and stir until all the KHP dissolves.

c) Rinse 100 ml volumetric flask and funnel with deionized water to ensure they are clean.

d) Transfer solution into the 100 ml volumetric flask. Remember to rinse the beaker, stirring
rod and funnel with deionized water several times to ensure all washings are transferred.

e) Fill the volumetric flask with deionized water almost close to the 100 ml mark.

f ) Stopper the flask and invert it several times.

g) Read the meniscus again and use a dropper to add water until the bottom of the
meniscus lines up with the mark. Mix slightly again.

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2. Titration 1 - Determining Concentration of NaOH

a) Dilute NaOH if Necessary

If concentration of NaOH is 1.0M, then dilute the NaOH solution.

This is a ten-fold dilution. Measure out 25 ml of the NaOH solution using a volumetric
pipette and transfer it into a clean 250 ml volumetric flask.

Fill the flask with deionized water up to the mark and swirl the flask to mix.

Transfer the new, diluted solution into a beaker and then fill the burette with the solution.

b) Prepare the Buret

Rinse buret with deionized water.

Roll buret horizontally and drain.
Repeat this twice.

Rinse the buret with the NaOH.

Roll buret horizontally and drain.
Place funnel on buret and fill the buret with NaOH over the 0 mark.
Open the tap to ensure the buret tap is filled and that the meniscus is at a line.
Remove the funnel to ensure no additional drips occur.

c) Prepare 25 ml of the KHP Solution

Transfer some of the KHP into a 50 ml beaker.

Using a volumetric pipette, transfer 25.00 ml of KHP into an Erlenmeyer flask.

Add a dropper of phenolphthalein indicator to the flask.

d) Carry out the Titration

Expect to add about 18 ml in one go.

Trial Initial Buret Reading Final Buret Reading Volume of NaOH

1

Average Volume of
NaOH

Continue adding NaOH until the colour changes to the first palest pink that stands for
30-60 seconds.
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 Add a few drops of deionized water to the sides of the Erlenmeyer flask - If the endpoint
colour disappears, add one more drop to the flask and rinse with deionized water to reach
the endpoint.

Calculation for Concentration of NaOH

- Find moles of KHP that reacted: volume = 25.00cm 3

molesKHP = concentration × volume

- Moles of NaOH = Moles of KHP

molesNaOH =

- Find concentration of NaOH:

If NaOH was diluted:
1 moles × 1000
concentrationNaOH =
10 average volume

If NaOH was not diluted:

moles × 1000
concentrationNaOH =
average volume

3. Titration 2 - Determining Concentration of HCl

a) Dilute HCl if Necessary

If concentration of NaOH is 0.1M, then concentration of HCl is close to 1.0M. Therefore,

dilute the HCl solution.

This is a ten-fold dilution. Measure out 25 ml of the HCl solution using a volumetric pipette
and transfer it into a clean 250 ml volumetric flask.

Fill the flask with deionized water up to the mark and swirl the flask to mix.

Transfer the new, diluted solution into a beaker and then fill the pipet with the solution.
Transfer the diluted HCl solution to an Erlenmeyer flask.

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b) Prepare the Buret

Rinse buret with deionized water.

Roll buret horizontally and drain.
Repeat this twice.

Rinse the buret with the NaOH.

Roll buret horizontally and drain.
Place funnel on buret and fill the buret with NaOH over the 0 mark.
Open the tap to ensure the buret tap is filled and that the meniscus is at a line.
Remove the funnel to ensure no additional drips occur.

c) Prepare 25 ml of the HCl Solution

Transfer about 30 ml of HCl solution into a beaker.

Using a volumetric pipette, transfer 25.00 ml of HCl into an Erlenmeyer flask.

Add a dropper of phenolphthalein indicator to the flask.

d) Carry out the Titration

Expect to add about 15 ml in one go.

Trial Initial Buret Reading Final Buret Reading Volume of NaOH

1
2

Average Volume of
NaOH

Continue adding NaOH until the colour changes to the first palest pink that stands for
30-60 seconds.

Add a few drops of deionized water to the sides of the Erlenmeyer flask - If the endpoint
colour disappears, add one more drop to the flask and rinse with deionized water to reach
the endpoint.

Calculation for Concentration of HCl

If concentration of NaOH is 1.0M, NaOH was diluted:

Actual concentration of diluted NaOH = concentrationcalculated × 110

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- Find moles of NaOH that reacted:
molesNaOH = concentration × average volume

- Moles of NaOH = Moles of HCl

molesHCl =

- Find concentration of HCl: volume = 25.00cm 3

moles × 1000
concentrationHCl =
volume

If concentration of NaOH is 0.1M, HCl was diluted:

New concentration of HCl = 1

10 concentrationHCl

- Find moles of NaOH that reacted:

molesNaOH = concentration × average volume

- Moles of NaOH = Moles of HCl

molesHCl =

- Find concentration of HCl: volume = 25.00cm 3

1 moles × 1000
concentrationHCl =
10 volume

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