Why we must learn about DISASTER??? DISASTER • Indonesia is one of the vulnerable group Many islands Tectonic slices Active volcanoes Complexity and diversity in culture, tradition, ideology, ethnicity, religion, politics, and economy • Frequently happen • Disaster preparedness is yet optimized HOW CAN DISASTER HAPPEN?? HAZARDS & VULNERABILITY • Hazards are the potential threats that may occur during a given time period in a given place. Hazard is define as potential threats to involve human life, natures, and properties caused by natural and/or man made behavior. • Vulnerabilities are identified points of weakness that an organization may have for a spesific hazard. Hazard: • Climatological hazards, eg: floods, abration • Geological hazards, eg: volcanoes, earth quake, landslides • Industrial & technological hazards • Man Made, eg: conflicts, war Vulnerability: • Physical vulnerability, eg: infrastructure, public facilities • Social vulnerability, eg: sex, religion, culture, poverty • Economic vulnerability, eg: low level income • Environmental vulnerabilty, eg: water, air, land • Institutional vulnerabilty, eg: policy, disaster management system WHO, 2002 How can this happen??
Hazard
Vulnerability Disaster
A disaster occurs when hazards and vulnerability meet
DISASTER • A disaster is an occurrence disrupting the normal conditions of existence and causing a level of suffering that exceeds the capacity of adjustment of the affected community (WHO/ EHA 2002) • Disaster are events that inflict significant damage to life or property and that substantially overwhelm the local community’s resources (Powers, 2010) Type of Disaster Natural Men Made • Tsunami • Social Conflicts • Earth Quake • Terorism • Volcanoes • Mass Transportation • Flood Accidents • Landslides • Industrial accidents • CBNRE (Chemical, biological, Nuclear, Radiological, and Explosion) Impact • Physical & psychological impact • Environmental damage • Damage to infrastructure • Disruption of public services • Loss properties • Social economic impact Does disaster need nursing/nurse?? DISASTER NURSING • The adaptation of professional nursing knowledge, skills and attitude in recognizing and meeting the nursing, health and emotional needs of disaster victims • Disaster nursing provides care, advocacy, and promotion of health within the context of a disaster The Goal of Disaster Nursing Ensuring the Highest achievable level of care is delivered through identifying, advocating, and caring for all impacted populations throughout all phase of disaster event, including active participation in all levels of disaster planning and preparedness Characteristics of Disaster Nursing • Caring for the community during disaster - must be aware of the potential hindrances - modification necessary to provide care - coordinating care with otherr agencies & disciplines - overseeing the transfer of patients t hospital - assigning supplemetal heathcare workers • Personal impact - lack of communication - increased physical demand - working long shifts - should develop coping strategies and support network • Adverse conditions - structural damage - must be aware of potential hazard • Lack of recognition - nurses often is not understood by others member • Critical thinking • Adaptibility • Leadership - coordinate and organize efforts during all stages of disaster Nursing in the Phase of Disaster Preparedness • Mitigation initiatives • Hazard-vulnerabiliy assessment • Identified risks • Training and practice Nursing in the Phase of Disaster Relief Response • Recognize the impact on health care • Coordination • Involve in assesing community needs • Providing care Nursing in the Phase of Disaster Recovery • Rebuilding the healthcare system • Public health surveillance • Establishing temporary clinics • Guiding immunization programs • Ensuring that the ongoing health and survival needs of the community are met • Providing psychological care LEGAL ASPECT • Undang Undang Dasar 1945 • Undang-Undang Nomor 24 Tahun 2007 tentang Penanggulangan Bencana • Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 21 Tahun 2008 tentang Penyelenggaraan Penanggulangan Bencana • Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 22 Tahun 2008 tentang Pendanaa dan Pengelolaan Bantuan Bencana • Peraturan Presiden Nomor 8 Tahun 2008 tentang Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana • Peraturan Menteri dalam Negeri Nomor 46 Tahun 2008 Tentang Pedoman Organisasi dan Tata Kerja BPBD Disaster Ethics • Nurses need to understand their professional codes of ethics, not only in their countries, but also in the countries in which they may work • Nurses need to be aware of the cross-cultural issues related to religion, gender, and particular cultural practice that either can diminish or enhance their contribution to the individuals and communities in need during and after disasters The ethics of clinical dilemmas should be analyzed in relation to four topics: 1. Medical indication 2. Patient preferences 3. Quality of life 4. Social, economic, legal, and administrative contextual features Principles • Respect of autonomy respecting in adult individual right • Beneficience doing good • Non-maleficence not causing harm, reduce the risk of harm • Justice equitable distribution of goods and services The Challenge to Ethical Practice during Disaster • Prioritizing the allocation of resources • Duty to care • Alteration in practice standards Ethical Decision-Making Values: Need regular drills 1. Reasonable and exercise 2. Open and transparent Ethics must 3. Inclusive become an 4. Responsive essential 5. Accountable component of training in all phases THANK YOU