Catalytic Reforming

- Heavy naphtha 140 to 150 °C and a final boiling point of about 190 to 205 °C.
- Operating temperatures of about 495 to 525 °C and from pressures of about 5 to 45 atm.
- Katalis Platinum/ Rhenium on silica/silica-alumina. Regenerasi setiap 6-24 bulan
- Reaksi Utama :
1. Dehydrigenation
2. Isomerasi
3. Hydrocracking
- Process Description :
 Semi regenerative catalytic reformer (3 fix bed reactor)
 Liquid dikompresi pada tekanan reaksi 5-45 atm ke dalam alira hidrogen
 Campuran dipanaskan pada HE hingga temperatur reaksi 495-520 C
 Reaktan yang telah diuapkan sebelum memasuki reaktor pertama melewati fix
bed dari katalis. Reaksi utamanya dehidrogenasi (endotermik) menghasilkan
penurunan temperatur yang tinggi. Maka sebelum memasuki reaktor kedua, perlu
dipanaskan kembali. Begitupun selanjutnya pada reaktor ketiga. Produk dari
reaktor ketiga sebagian didinginkan dengan mengalirkan melalui HE yang dilalui
umpan yang akan menuju reaktor pertama kemudian didinginkan dengan cooler
sebelum dialirkan menuju gas separator untuk memisahkan hidrogen dan fraksi
berat yang dihasilkan. Sebagian hidrogen direcycle
- PFD

References:
1. http://www.freepatentsonline.com/4456527.html

2. https://www.osha.gov/dts/osta/otm/otm_iv/otm_iv_2.html#3
Desulfurization
the feedstock is deaerated and mixed with hydrogen, preheated in a fired heater (600°- 800° F)
and then charged under pressure (up to 1,000 psi) through a fixed-bed catalytic reactor. In the
reactor, the sulfur and nitrogen compounds in the feedstock are converted into H2S and NH3. The
reaction products leave the reactor and after cooling to a low temperature enter a liquid/gas
separator. The hydrogen-rich gas from the high-pressure separation is recycled to combine with
the feedstock, and the low-pressure gas stream rich in H2S is sent to a gas treating unit where
H2S is removed.

The most economic catalysts for sulfur removal contain cobalt and molybdenum sulfides (CoMo) on
alumina supports. If, however, the removal of nitrogen is a significant consideration, catalysts
composed of nickel-cobalt-molybdenum or nickel-molybdenum (NiMo) compounds supported on
alumina are more efficient.
Hydrogen consumption is about 70 scf/bbl (12.5 Nm3 /m3 ) of feed per percentage sulfur about 320
scf/bbl (57 Nm3 /m3 ) oil feed per percentage nitrogen, and 180 scf/bbl (32 Nm3 /m3 ) per
percentage oxygen removed. Hydrogen consumption for olefin and aromatics reduction can be
estimated from the stoichiometric amounts required.

References :

http://www.worldscientificnews.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/WSN-3-2015-99-111.pdf