Book PDF

!#"%$&"%')(+*#"%*

,.-%/0 !1&23$(54768239#4:2<;=2 0 "%$>1 / 239?1
@<9!6BAC23$&DE6F1HG -%IJ, 239+1K$&"LNMNL - $K6POQ"
R $>L8"9#O -5S MUTWVYXZ \[
;=2:4]2 / ^27$<_ S \à` _
bdegc fih>h>jNkml3n]oqproEs.t>u]oquv

! "

#%$&# ')(*,+.-0/1324*.5&-%(6$7$8$9$8$7$:$7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$9$8$7$:$ ;
#%$=< >?+A@B(3CEDF@ *.5&-%(G@ (/IHJ2@BD&5K(LM$7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$9$8$7$:$ ;
#%$=N OP-%*A@ *.5&-%(Q$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$:$7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$9$8$7$:$ R
#%$TS UV+WCEXV 24*,5KYV7>?+A@ (C[Z-\+.] $7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$9$8$7$:$ ^
#%$=; _`@B]aV+A@cbd-0/VeDf$8$9$8$7$:$7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$9$8$7$:$ #%#
#%$=g _`@B]aV+A@h_`@ DK5Kij+A@B*,5K-\(k$7$:$7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$9$8$7$:$ #%#
#%$lR OPV 24- YV+.5&(Lh_`@ ]mV+W@cUn@B+W@B]mV*,V+ACo$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$9$8$7$:$ #N
#%$lR$&# _`@B]mV+W@cpf-02@B*,5K-\( $:$7$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$9$8$7$:$ #4S
#%$lR$=< _`@B]mV+W@hqr+.5KVe(*W@B*.5&-%( $7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$9$8$7$:$ #4S
#%$=s OP-0/+.5&L%1Vt=Cvu-\+.]M1DF@$7$:$7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$9$8$7$:$ #;
#%$=^ wr1@B*,V+.(j5K-%(3Cx$7$8$9$8$7$:$7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$9$8$7$:$ #s
#%$&#ykU-zCEVc{|C}*.5K]@B*.5&-%(~$9$8$7$:$7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$9$8$7$:$ #^
#%$&#%#{nVe+A245CEV C$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$:$7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$9$8$7$:$ <%N
J 0% "
<$&# ')(*,+.-0/1324*.5&-%(6$7$8$9$8$7$:$7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$9$8$7$:$ <%;
<$=< >0XV CP-BZV /L%VC $9$8$7$:$7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$9$8$7$:$ <%;
<$=N >+,VV8CE*A@ L%V CP5K(V /0L%V8/V*,V 24*.5&-%($:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$9$8$7$:$ <%g
<$TS u5&DK*.Ve+.5K(jLhH*W@BL%V $9$8$7$:$7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$9$8$7$:$ <JR
<$=; v5lfVe+.V(0*.5@B*.5&-%(GH*W@BL%V $:$7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$9$8$7$:$ <%s
<$=g vV*,V 24*,5K-%(GH*W@BL\V$9$8$7$:$7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$9$8$7$:$ <%^
<$=g$&# v-%+,]@BD&5KV /mr+A@\/5KV(0*rbG@BL\(5K*,1/Va$9$8$7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$9$8$7$:$ <%^
<$=g$=< v-%(]@ 5&]@:H1XX+,V C.C}5K-\(d$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$9$8$7$:$ N%y
<$lR _|DF@\C.C}V C- Z|V /L\V8/V*.V24*.5&-%(C,2Ve]mV C6$:$7$8$9$8$7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$9$8$7$:$ N#
<$=s r+A@\/5KV(0*qrXV+A@ *.-%+WC
$7$:$7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$9$8$7$:$ N#
<$=^ u@%24Ve*rbd-0/VDm$7$8$9$8$7$:$7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$9$8$7$:$ N%<
<$&#ykp?@BXjDF@%25F@B(-BZP@ 1C.C}5F@B(qrXVe+A@B*,-%+$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$9$8$7$:$ NJR
<$&#%#Un+.-\XVe+.*.5&V CP-BZ`@ 1C.C}5F@ ( $7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$9$8$7$:$ Sy
<$&#%#\$K#QH02@BD&5K(L$8$9$8$7$:$7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$9$8$7$:$ Sy
<$&#%#\$<HVX@ +A@Bij5KDK5&*}o$7$:$7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$9$8$7$:$ S<
<$&#%#\$NH]a]mV*.+, $8$7$:$7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$9$8$7$:$ S;
<$&#<¡_`@B(j(¢tCr{|/L%V8vV*,V 24*,-%+$7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$9$8$7$:$ S;
<$&#N¡H02@ DKVcHX@\24V $7$8$9$8$7$:$7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$9$8$7$:$ SR
<$&#4S£{nVe+A245CEV C$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$:$7$:$7$7$:$7$:# $7$8$9$8$7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$9$8$7$:$ S^
<
m0 0 "

N$&# ')(*,+.-0/1324*.5&-%(6$7$8$9$8$7$:$7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$9$8$7$:$ ;%N
N$=< vV3(5K*,5K-%(- ZPHVL\]mV(0*A@B*,5K-\( $7$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$9$8$7$:$ ;%N
N$=N H5&]mXDKV7HVL\]mV(0*A@ *.5K-\( $:$7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$9$8$7$:$ ;BS
N$=N$&# >+.V C}-%D/Cr@B(/ v5FC}*.-%L\+A@ ]C $7$8$9$8$7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$9$8$7$:$ ;BS
N$=N$=< UV @ 05K(jV C.CP>?V CE* $:$7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$9$8$7$:$ ;%g
N$TS _|-%(j(V 24*,V /I_|-\]mX-%(V(0* rDKL%-\+.5&*.]C $7$8$9$8$7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$9$8$7$:$ ;JR
N$TS$&# OV 21+AC}5KYV vD&L%-\+.5K*,] $7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$9$8$7$:$ ;%s
N$TS$=< HV 1V(0*.5F@ D vD&L%-\+.5K*,] $7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$9$8$7$:$ ;%^
N$=; HVV/ HzVL%]mVe(*W@B*.5&-%( $7$:$7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$9$8$7$:$ ;%^
N$=g OPVL%5&-%(r+,- P5&(L $9$8$7$:$7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$9$8$7$:$ g%y
N$=g$&# HXDK5&*r@B(/bdV+.L\V vD&L%-%+,5K*,]o$:$7$8$9$8$7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$9$8$7$:$ g%y
N$=g$=?V C}*$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$9$8$7$:$ g%N
N$lR OPVL%5&-%( / ,@%24Ve(24v+W@BX $:$7$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$9$8$7$:$ g%g
N$=s '}C.C}1V CP5K(OVeL%5K-\(Gv+,- P5K(L$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$9$8$7$:$ g%g
N$=^ rV-%]aV*.+,5F2@ DfUn+,-%XV+.*,5KV CP-BZ OPL%5K-\(C $:$7$8$9$8$7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$9$8$7$:$ g%s
N$&#yk{nVe+A245CEV C$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$:$7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$9$8$7$:$ R y
! # "A$ %' &| (
S$&# ')(*,+.-0/1324*.5&-%(6$7$8$9$8$7$:$7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$9$8$7$:$ R N
S$=< v-\1L% > +W@B(C)Z-%+.] $8$7$:$7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$9$8$7$:$ R N
S$=<$&# H*.+W@B5KL\*pf5K(jV $:$7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$9$8$7$:$ RS
S$=<$=< _|5K+A2DKV $8$9$8$7$:$7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$9$8$7$:$ R g
S$=N rV(V+W@BD&5KV )/ v-%1L\G>?+A@ (C[Z-\+.] $:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$9$8$7$:$ R%R
S$TS H@ XVcv1]MiV+ $9$8$7$:$7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$9$8$7$:$ R ^
S$=; Un+W@B]m5/C $:$7$8$9$8$7$:$7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$9$8$7$:$ s%y
S$=;$&# @ 1C.C}5F@ (U 0+A@ ]m5F/ $7$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$9$8$7$:$ s%y
S$=;$=< _|-%+.+,VDF@ *.5&-%( *CE5K(jLMU 0+A@ ]m5F/jC $7$8$9$8$7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$9$8$7$:$ s%;
S$=g wr1@%/> +,VV C $7$8$9$8$7$:$7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$9$8$7$:$ s%;
S$lR bdV /5@BD v05FC`> +W@B(C)Z-%+,] $7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$9$8$7$:$ sJR
S$=s bd-%+W@YV 2%tC`')(*,V+.V C}*vqrXV+A@ *.-\+$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$9$8$7$:$ s%^
S$=^ {nVe+A245CEV C$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$:$7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$9$8$7$:$ ^#
" +3 ,f"
;$&# ')(*,+.-0/1324*.5&-%(6$7$8$9$8$7$:$7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$9$8$7$:$ ^%;
;$=< qrX*.52@BDuDK- $8$9$8$7$:$7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$9$8$7$:$ ^%;
;$=<$&# v-%+,(G@B(3/IH02A1j(-2 MbdVe*.-0/k$:$7$8$9$8$7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$9$8$7$:$ ^%;
;$=<$=< H0201(.2 abdV*.-0/ $:$7$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$9$8$7$:$ ^JR
;$=N >?/- V( 0P@%C}V /IqrX*,5F2@ D?uD&- $7$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$9$8$7$:$#ey%y
;$=N$&# 0P@B+.(3@B+A/@B(/>-%]aXCE-\(dbdVe*.-0/$9$8$7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$9$8$7$:$#ey%<
;$TS bd-%*,5K-\(_|-%+,+.V C}X-%(/Ve(241V *CE5K(jLMbd1DK*,5KXD&Vu+A@ ]mV C $7$:$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$9$8$7$:$#ey%N
;$=; H*,+.124*,1+.V8u+.-\] bd-%*,5K-\(6$7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$9$8$7$:$#eyJR
;$=g {nVe+A245CEV C$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$:$7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$9$8$7$:$#\#y

N
gf$&# 0')(*,+.-0/ 1324 *.%5&-%' (6&|$7 $8?B$9$8 $7$:%$7$:$7 $7 $:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$9$8$7$:$#\#%#
g$=< H*,V+.V- $7$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$:$7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$9$8$7$:$#\#%#
g$=<$&# H*.V+,V-mrV-%]aV*.+, $:$7$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$9$8$7$:$#\#%#
g$=<$=< H*.VX3C5&(d>?/- Ve( 0P@\CEV /dH*,V+.Ve-¡$7$8$9$8$7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$9$8$7$:$#\#<
g$=<$=N bG@B+.+,)U-%L%L\5K- rDKL%-\+.5&*.] $:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$9$8$7$:$#\#N
g$=<$TS _|-%+.+,VDF@ *.5&-%( 0P@\CEV /dH*,V+.Ve-MbdV*.-0/jC$8$7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$9$8$7$:$#\#4S
g$=<$=; 0P@B+.(3@B+A/¢tCH*.V+,V- vD&L%-%+,5K*,] $7$8$9$8$7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$9$8$7$:$#\#BR
g$=N H@ XVcu+.-\]H@\/5K(L $:$7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$9$8$7$:$#\#BR
g$=N$&# H-%1+W24Vcu+,-%]H3@%/5&(Lk$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$9$8$7$:$#\#^
g$=N$=< v-%+,(G@B(3/d' V12A5¢bdV*.j-0/ $:$7$8$9$8$7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$9$8$7$:$#e<%y
g$=N$=N UV(0*.DF@ (/bdV*.j-0/$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$9$8$7$:$#e<#
g$=N$TS >PC.@B5@B(3/IH@ GbdV*,-0/Q$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$9$8$7$:$#e<%<
g$TS Un-%*,-%]mVe*.+.529H*,V+.V- $7$:$7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$9$8$7$:$#e<BS
g$=; {nVe+A245CEV C$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$:$7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$9$8$7$:$#e<%;
md
(
R$&# ')(*,+.-0/1324*.5&-%(6$7$8$9$8$7$:$7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$9$8$7$:$3#e <J(R
R$=< Or@B(L\Vc')]@BL\V7u-%+,]@B*,5K-%( $:$7$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$9$8$7$:$#e<JR
R$=N H1+}Z @%24Vc_|@ +A@\24*.V+,5FC}*.5F2eC¡$7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$9$8$7$:$#e<%s
R$TS {|/L%VC5&(dOr@B(jL%Vc')]@ L%V C$7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$:$7$7$:$7$:$7$:$7$8$9$8$7$9$8$7$:$#e<%^
S

|

"!"#$%&'

)' ( b *.jV 3+ACE*M2A@ X*.V+8-BZ7*,5FC7i--/ V P5KD&DD&V @B+,(@Bi-%1j*h5&]@BL\5K(LL%V-\]mV*.+,$"(V)P5KDKD /5FC,241C,C
Y\@B+,5K-%13C9*.+W@B(C)Z-%+,]@B*,5K-%(3C Pj5F2A P5&DKDniVM1CEV /5K(]@B(0X+.-\iDKV]Cv5K(_|-%]mXj1*.V+*)5CE5&-%(?$M>V C}V
*.+W@B(C)Z-%+,]@B*,5K-%(3C@ +.VP@ DFC}-1CEV/95K(M_|-%]mXj1*.V+nr+W@BX52C4$+(V P5KD&DDKV @ +.(c@ i-%1*`24--\+A/5&(@B*,VPCEjCE*,V]C
@B(3/I- *.-+.VD@B*,Vc-%(VM24--\+A/5&(@B*,VmC}C}*.V] P5K*,
@ (-%*,V+824--%+W/5K(3@B*.VaCEjCE*,V]G,$ (1V P5KD&D|/5FC,241C,C
*.+W@B(C}DF@ *.5K-\.( -+,-%*W@B*.5&-%.( -jC.2@ DK5&(/L -XV+AC}XV 24*.5&YVP*.+W@B(C)Z-%+.]@B*.5&-%.( -02@ ]mV+W@v]m-0/VD&5K(0L -@B(3/m2@B]aV+A@2e@BDK
5Kij+A@B*,5K-\(?$
>VCEV*.+W@B(C)Z-%+.]@B*.5&-%(1C P5KD&D|VDKX1C:*,- 0(- *.VmD&-02@B*,5K-\(k@B(3/ -\+.5&V(*W@B*,5K-%(- Z*,V
-%'i }V24*c@Z*.V+c5&*:5FC:*,+A@ (CED@B*.V/ i0~CE-%]aV@B]m-\1(0* -n+.-\*A@ *.V /@B+,-%1(3/ @dL%5&YV(@ 51C -`@B(/C.2e@BDKV/ i0
CE-\]mVvZ @\24*.-\+$ (V P5KD&D?/Ve+.5KYV@c]@B*,+.5KcZ-%+PV@%2A - Zn*,V C}V9*,+A@ (C[Z-\+.]@ *.5K-\(C4$
>V `-%+,DF/ V7DK5&YVv5&(d5C*.+,VV8/5K]mVe(CE5&-%(@ 2D -*.@ *v5CP@B(0mX-%5&(*r5K(CEX3@%24V82@ (diVcC}XV245 V/i0
*.j+.VVa24--%+W/5K(3@B*.V4C 36587:9;7=<,>A$G>jVm5K]@ L%VM5FC8@d
*.-G+,VX+,V CEV(0*c@dX-\5K(0*c5K(*.V5&]@BL\V$qr(V/5K]aV(CE5&-%(5FC:D&-CE*c5&(*.VmXj+./- }V 2*.5K-\(X+.-024VC.C4$qr(V
-BZ`*,Vc5K]mX-\+.*A@ (*rL%-z@BDC 5&(_|-\]mX1*,VF+ )5FCE5&-%(G5C*,- +,V 24- YV+P*,5FCvD&-C}*7/5K]aV(CE5&-%(?$>Vc]mV*,-0/C
Z-%+P+,V 24- YV+,5K(L8NB 5&(Z-%+,]@B*,5K-\(hZ+.-\]< )5K]@ L%V C`@B+.V82@ DKD&V H/ G:I0J1KMLON&PRQ?SUT VXW -#PV+.ZV Y\[ctj2@B(iV
CE*,V+.Ve/- -f]m-\*.5&-%.( -¢CE@\/5K(j/L -?*.V0*.1j+.?V -V*A2\,$ (V P5KDKD/5C.241C,Cv*.jV CEVc]mVe*.-0/CP5K(GL\+.V @ *7/V*W@B5&Dn5K(*.5C
i-/- ¢$ v- VeYV+ -f5&(
*.j5FC723@BX*,V+ V P5&DKDZ-02413C:-%(
*,Vm/0V+.5&Y%@ *.5&-%(
- Zr*.Va2@B]aV+A@h]@B*.+,5K @B(/
2@ ]mV+A@82@BD&5Ki+W@B*,5K-%( $
:] ^_à"b+c&`d%&' à" ef#gàch%h8i
|_ -%(3CE5F/0V+M@dX-%5K(0*:-\( @B(-%i'}V 2* P5K*, 24--%+W/5K(@ *.V C43j5
#k7:9m#l71< #m>A$ C,CE1]aVh*,@B*c*,Vm-%i'}V24*:5C
*.+W@B(C}DF@ *.V /cion?@.7:n?Cp-z@B(/n?q+.V C}XV24*.5&YVDK5&(c*.Vr587:9'-0@B(3/H< /5&+.V 2*.5K-\(C4$>Vr(V 24--\+A/5&(@B*,V C
-BZ *.V7X-%5&(*r@ +.V7L%5&YV(its
5G< uv5
x# wyn?@ 3.#\$K#h>
9:z< u{9M|# w_n?C 3.#\$<?>
<rz< u}<7$# w_n?q 3.#\$N?>
~t R=1hk:2:rl: ;
g

>V C}V9V J1@ *.5&-%(Cr2@B(iV P+,5K*,*.V(m5&(]@B*,+.5KcZ-%+,] @%CZ-%D&DK-rC1s
5G< # y y n?@ 5
#
9c< y # y n?C 9h#
u
< r< y y # n?q <7# 3.#\$ S>
# y y y # #
5G< 5
#
9c< 9h#
u 3.#\$;?>
<r<# <7##

# y y n?@
PV+,V u yy y# y# n?n?Cq 5C2@BD&DKV /d*,+A@ (CED@B*.5&-%(]@B*,+.5&f$7>Vc5&(YVe+ACEV8*.+W@B(C}DF@B*,5K-\(]@ *.+,5Km5C

y y y #
# y y "n?@
L%5&YV(di0 ! b u yy y# y# "",n?n?Cq $ #&% -%1 2@B(GYVe+.5 Za*.@ '* b u(! b }u*)M- PV+.V )m5C*,V
5F/0V(*,5K*}c]@ *.+.5&f$ y y y #
H5K]a5KDF@ +.D&
5 Z *.V-%'i }V 2*m5FCC.2e@BDKV/xi0 +@B7,++CM-r@B(*/ ++q+.V C}XV 24*.5&YVDK~5K(£*.V 5f7D94-@B(3/ <
/5&+.V 24*,5K-\(1C -0*.V7(V 24--\+A/5&(@B*,V C- Z|*.jV9X-\5K(0*r@B+.V8L%5&YV(mi0 s
5Ga
98z< u{9h0# -1+C 3.#\$ kR >
<o
>V C}V7V J13@B*.5&-%(Cr2@ ( iV P+.5&*.*,V(5K(]@B*,+.5& Z-\+.] @\C Z-\DKDK- r=C s
5 < +@ y y y 5~#
98< y +C y y 9h#
< < y y +q y <7# 7
u 3.#\$^?>
# y y y # #
5 < 5
#
98< 9h#
u 7 3.#\$K#ey >
<r# < <7##
+
3.#\$K#\m# >
+@ y y y
y +C y y
PV+,V.+ u 5CP2@BD&DKV /c*.V8C,2@BD&5K(Lc]@ *.+,5K¢$>jV95&(YVe+ACEVr-BZ C.2e@BDK5&(L:]@B*.+,5Kc5C
yy yy +qy y#
3# 24+@ y y y
L%5&YV(mi01 + b u yy 5# 2
+Cy #324+qy yy $

y y y #
4 R
z`d%&'
|_ -%(3CE5F/0V+`@ YV24*.-\+P-C}VvVe(/X-%5&(*n5C|@B*r365~#l7:9M#l71<7#h>:-j@%C|CE-P(M5K(Mu5&L%1+,V:#\$K#\$@$pfV* ¡/0V(-%*,V
*.jVcDKV(L\*.G- ZYV24*.-\+-?@ (/ I/V(-\*.Vc*.jVM@B(L\DKVc*.jVcYV 24*.-\+v]@V CP5K*,"5 "@ 5C4$ C.C}1]mV8*.@ *

*.jVhYV 2*.-%+75C +,-%*W@B*.V/Ii0G*.Va@B(jL%DKV @ +.-\1(/

*.V<'"@B05FC5K(*.Va24-\1(*,V+A2DK-02. P5CEVc/05K+.V24*.5&-%(?$

>V(jV £24--%+W/5K(3@B*.V,C 365G< 7:9c< 7=<r< >|- Z*.VX-\5K(0*P@Z*,V+P+.-\*A@ *.5K-\(2@ ( iV72-%]mX1j*.V /:Z+.-\] *,V-%D/

24--\+A/5&(@B*,V Cv@ (/ *,V8@B(L\DKV8-BZ+.-%*W@B*,5K-%( $_|-\(CE5/V+@ *,+.5F@ (L%D&V5K(u5&L%1+,VM#%$K#\$@1P-C}VcC}5F/V7]@V C

@B( @B(L\DKV P5K*,*.*V 5 "@B05FC$ *C}5K(Lc*,V8CE*W@B(/@ +A/*.+.5&L%-\(-%]mVe*.+.52v+.VeDF@B*,5K-\(C V82@ ( P+,5K*,?V s

5~,# u 2-C 3.#\$K#e< >

9h,# u CE5K( 3.#\$K#eN >

H5&]m5KD@B+.D&? -BZ-\+P*.V7*.+,5F@ (L%D&V5K(u5&L%1+,Vc#%$&#%$@ Pj-CEV CE5/# V7]@ V C|@ (d@ (L%D&V Fw P5&*.*.jdV 5 "@ 5C
V82@ ( P+.5K*,?V s

5 a+u 24-zC n24-C " C}5K( |CE5&( 3.#\$K#S >
98ou GC}5K( n24-zC Zw 24-C nC}5K( 3.#\$K#e; >

H1i3CE*.5&*.1*,5K(L 3+ACE*r* -cV 1@ *.5K-\(C5K(0*.-c*,V7DF@\CE*r* `-cV 1@B*,5K-%(31C -'V7L\V* s #

5G< uv5
# 24-C "y9h# CE5K( 3.#\$K#eg >
9:z< uv5~#?CE5&( Fw_9h#?24-zC 3.#\$K# lR >

#
>V CEV7V 1@ *.5K-\(Cr2@B(@BDCE-MiV P+,5K*,*.V(5K(]@ *.+,5KcZ-%+.] @%CZ-%DKD&- r1C s
5G< 24-zC "GCE5&( y y 5~#
9:< C}5K( 24-C y y 9h#

< r< y

u
y # y <7# 3.#\$K#es >
# y y y # #
5G< 5
#
9:< 9m#
u 3.#\$K#e^ >
<r<# < ##

24-zC "GC}5K( y y

u CE5K( y 24-C y y# yy 5FCm*.jV+,-%*A@ *.5&-%(6]@ *.+,5K¢$ (V P5KD&Dv13CEV@CE1jXVe+AC.2+.5KXj*

PV+,V

y y y #
*.-/0V(-%*,V*.V@ 5C9- Z+,-%*A@ *.5&-%.( -`@GCE1i3C.24+,5KX*c*,-/V(-\*.Vm*,V@B(L\DK?V -|@ (/ V P5KD&D@\C.C}1]mVm+,-%b *A@
*. 5&-%(
245&-z(
C *.jVCE245&( -%1j(*,yV+A24D&y -0-2 #P5FC}VM/5K+,V 24*,5K-%( $d>Va5K(0YV+AC}Vh+,-%*A@ *.5&-%(
]@ *.+,5KG5FC7L%5&YV(i0 3 > u

"GCE5&( 2-C y y

y y # y $>V5&(YV+WCEV+.-\*A@B*,5K-\(ci P5FCfV J15&Y\@BDKVe(*¢*.-r*.V`+.-%*W@B*,5K-%(8i$ " r@B+.-\1(/

y y y #
*.jVcC.@ ]mV8@B05FC$v>jV+.V4Z-\+.?V -O3 > b u $rbd-\+.V- YV&+ -*.V8+.-%*W@B*,5K-%(G]@B*.+,5KM5FCr@B(G-\+.*.j-%(-\+.]@ D
]@ *.+.5& -¢*.@ *:5F=C -$3 B> u 3 B> u )$a>V+.VZ-%+.V -*.jVh5&(YV+WCEVc- Z@ +.-\*A@ *.5K-\(
]@ *.+.5&d5C

}1C}*P5K*AC*,+A@ (CEX-C}V$
! " !
s

Y Y
(X2,Y2,Z2)
R
(X1,Y1,Z1)
V
R
θ
φ X U X
W
(b)
(a)
Z
Z
Y Y
U’
V
’ θ V
θ X X
W’ β
β
U’
W’
Z Z
u5&L%1+,V
#%$&#lsGOP-%*W@B*,5K-%( $ 3)@?>cOP -%*W@B*,5K-%(£@ +.-\1(/ < @ 5C4$3 it>c> `-
24--\+A/5&(@B*,VCEjCE*,V]C1-
(c) (d)
CE1jXVe+.X- C}V / -\z( 5 9a<7$ 3)2m> +.-\*A@ *.V /7i r@B+.-\1(/'< @B05FCf5K(8*.V 24-%1j(*,V+A24D&-02-#P5FC}V|/5&+.V 24*,5K-\(?$
3)M/ > +,-%*A@ *.V /i @ +.-%1j(/f9 @B05FC5&( *,V824DK-02.#P5FCEV /5K+,V 24*.5&-%(?$

4

^
v( @BD&*.V+,(@B*,V @
*.-/Ve+.5KYVa*.V+.-\*A@ *.5K-\( ]@ *.+,5KG5FC:*,-
2-%(C}5F/V+8* -~24--%+W/5K(@ *.VCEjCE*,V]C
36587:971<,> @B(/"3 7 7 >@%CPC}-P(m5K(u5KL%1j+.V8#%$K#\$ i?$ C.CE1j]mVP*.@ * 7 7 @B+,V*.V1(5K*|YV 2*.-%+WC4$
pfV*c1Cc+.-\*A@ *.V*.V*F)( 24--%+W/ 5K(@ *.V CEjCE*.Ve] @B+,-%1(/*.V"VM(V Q2--%+A/05K(@ *.V C *:t - ) t -?@ (/(t?2@ (

iVP+,5K*,*.V(G5&(*,V+.]Cr-BZ
*.jV9-\DF/24--%+W/5K(@ *.V CEjCE*.Ve]G$|>V YV 24*,-%+P@\Cv* -M24-\]mX-%(Ve(*WC1--%(jVc@BD&-%(L 5 "@B05F=C -f@ (/ -\(V
@BD&-%(L 99 @B05FC$mv-\*.VM*.@ *:5K*8/-VC (j-%*:3@YVa@f<Q2-%]mX-%(jV(*e$M>Vm(V YV 2*.-%+5FCL%5&YV(i0

3)2-C 7AC}5K( 7Ay >W$H5K]m5&DF@ +.DK -B*,V YV 24*.-\+5CL%5&YV(Mi3 "GCE5&( 7A24-C 7A?y >A$H5&(24Vr*.V YV 2*.-%+`/5/

(-\*:2A@ (L%V?-¢5K*r+.V]@ 5K(Cr @%C3 y 7Ay 7#m>W$:>Vc+,-%*W@B*.5&-%(]@B*,+.5&d2e@B(G(- iV Z-\+.]mV /mi0dX1j*.*.5&(Lm*,V

24--\+A/5&(@B*,V C- Z*.V 7 7@ (/ YV 24*.-\+ACn+.VCEXV 24*,5KYVD&95&(h*,V +AC}* -C}V 24-\(/m@B(3/h*.5&+A/M24-%D&1]m(=C -
@B(3/X3 y 7Ay7Ay 7e#m>|5K(a*.VvZ-\1+.*,24-%D&1]m(?$>V7+.VCE1D&*A@B(0*]@B*.+,5K85FCVe@\24*.D&c*.V7C,@B]mV @%C*.jV]@B*,+.5&

$
>5FC?*.V2(j5 1V|2@ (9iV @BXXD&5KV /*,-/Ve+.5KYV*.jV+.-\*A@ *.5K-\(:]@ *.+,5K@B+.-\1(/8@B(0:@ 5C4$u-%+5K(C}*A@ (24?V -

*.jVm+.-\*A@B*,5K-\( ]@B*.+,5K@ +.-%1j(/

*.V 9"@ 5C:5K(
*,V24D&-0-2 #P5FC}Vm/5&+.V 2*.5K-\(5C9L\5KYV(
i0 3)CEVeVmu5&L%1+,V
#%$&#%$=p/ >:s 24-zC y "GCE5&( y
u CE5&( y y# 24-C y yy

y y y ##
,$b d#$%
^yà"b ?
CE5K]aXDK5 V /d]m-0/VeDn-BZr5&]@BL\V Z-\+.]@ *.5K-\(5C:C}- P(

5K(u5KL%1j+.V#%$<0$@0$d')(
*,5FC7CE-2e@BDKD&V /GX5K(j-%DKV
2 @ ]mV+A@r]m-0/VDA-%*.VPD&V(Cn5FC|@\C.CE1j]mV /c*.-7iV@8CE5K(jL%DKVPX-\5K(0*$|>V -\+.DF/M24--\+A/5&(@B*,V CF3j5f7:971<,>- Z@
X-%5&(* @B+.V*.+A@ (C[Z-\+.]mV/h*.-8*.V5&]@BL\V2--%+A/05K(@ *.V Cr32@.7:C/>n1(/0V+XV+WCEXV 24*,5KYVPX+,-/}V 24*,5K-%( $ C.C}1]mV
*.3@B*r*.V8-%+.5&L%5&(d-BZ`*,V824--%+W/5K(@ *.VMC}C}*.V]5Cv@ **.jV9D&V(Cr24V(0*.V+*3 CE-P(Gi0dq5K( u5KL\1+.VM#\$<$=@ >D-
@B(3/ 5C*.jVZ-02@ D?DKV(jL%*.M-BZ*,V72@ ]mV+W@ -%*,V/05FCE*W@B(2VvZ+.-\] *,VvD&V(Cn*.-8*.V5K]@ L%VPXD@B(V$|>jV(
1C}5K(LM*.V7* -cV J15&Y\@BDKVe(*|*.+,5F@ (L%D&V C `V72@ ( P+.5&*.?V s

",C u
3.#\$<\y >
9 <#
H5&(24VP*.jVv5&]@BL\V5FC|@ D P@jCZ-%+.]aV /:1XC}5F/Vr/- P.( -05K*n5C|241CE*,-%]@ +.8*.-:13CEV@ (jVL@ *.5KYVrC}5KL\(h5&( Z+,-%(0*
-BZ*.j*V C 5&(*.V7@ i-BYV7V 1@ *.5K-\(?$|u+.-\] *,V7@Bi- YV7V 1@B*,5K-%( -*.j*V Ch5K]@BL%V24--\+A/5&(@B*,V CP@B+,V9L\5KYV(
i0 s
Cau*" < 9
3.#\$<0m# >
H5&]m5KD@B+.D&? -%*,ZV @ "24--%+W/5K(3@B*.VC-BZ|*,V75K]@ L%V7@ +.V7L%5&Y# V(mi0 s
@4u*" p< 5
3.#\$<\< >
>V @Bi- YV:V 1@B*,5K-\(C+,VX+,V CEV(0*P*.jV9XV+WCEXV 24*,5KYV7*.+W@B(C)Z-%+,] P5&*.*.V8-%+.5&L%5&(d@ **.jV9D&V(C$P' Zn*,V
#
-%+,5KL\5K(m5C]m- YV /:*.-c*,V5K]@BL%V -@\CPCE- P(5K(u5KL\1+.Vc#\$<0$ .i -*,VXV+AC}XV 24*.5&YVvXj+./- }V 2*.5K-\(m5FC`/V (jV /
i0m*.VZ-\DKDK- P5&(LcV 1@B*,5K-%(31C s
@4u M" 5 <
3.#\$<\N >
Cau " 9 <

3.#\$< S >

#
#y

y
(X,Y,Z)
y (X,Y,Z)
f
O f
O
Z
u 5&L%1+,Vc#%$=< sÙn5K(-\DKV82@ ]mV+A@7]m-0/VD $$3 @ >Pqr+.5&L%5K(@ *v*,V7DKV(C$$3i >vqr+,5KL%5&(@B*P*.jV95&]@BL\VXD@B(V$

(a) (b)
')*c5FCc(-\*mX-C.C}5KiD&Vd*,-
/Ve+.5KYV@XV+AC}XV24*.5&YVm]@B*,+.5&
C}5K]m5&DF@B+8*.-*.V*.+W@B(C}DF@B*,5K-\(.-rC.2@ DK5K(jL/-`@B(/
+.-\*A@ *.5K-\(]@B*.+,5F24VCv/1jVh*,- *,Vc(@ *.1+,Vh- ZPV 1@B*,5K-\(Cc#%$<\Nd@ (/ #\$< S$ (VM(VV/d*.-5K(0*.+,-0/124VM@ (
-%*,V+P*,+A@B(3C[Z-%+,]@B*,5K-\(2@BD&DKV 4/ I0Q?SQ L pL Q lG APRJ G N&Q?P=SJ Q $n>V7-\]m-%L\V(V-\1C*,+A@ (C[Z-\+.]@ *.5K-\(
24-\(YV+,*ACP*.V J?P LRG J +Q?P :QhQ?P 0J LRG36587:9;7=<,>P5K(0*.-M*.j4V I0Q?SQ L pL Q lG +Q?P :QhQ?P /J L G

3 5f7 9;7 0<x7 />W$7')(G*.5C*,+A@B(3C[Z-%+,]@B*,5K-\(GV @%2Af 587:971<24--%+W/5K(3@B*.VM5FCP]M1DK*,5KXD&5KVe/hi@24-\(CE*W@B(0*

M-@B(3/ 5FC7@BXjXVe(/V /@%C7*.V:Z-\1+.*,

24-\]mX-%(Ve(*- ZP*,VhYV24*.-\+$hH5&]m5KD@B+,DK? -*,Vc5K(0YV+AC}V:-\]m-%

L%Ve(V-%13C*.+W@B(C)Z-%+,] 24-%(0YV+,*AC*,V-\]m-%L\V(V-\1Cn5K]@ L%V24--%+W/5K(@ *.V rC 3 7 &7 h7 =>n5K(0*.-7*,V

_`@B+,*.V C}5F@ (d5K]@BL%V824--\+A/5&(@B*,V zC 3 7 7 >D-i0/5&Y5/5K(LcV@%2Ad-BZ *.V8*.+,VV824-%]mX-\(V(0*AC P5K*,

! " # $
! " #
*.jV Z-\1+.*,G24-\]mX-%(Ve(*e$
%& $ %& $ %& $
% & % & % &
>V7XV+AC}XV24*.5&YV]@B*,+.5&m2@ ((- 6iV:/0V (V /@\1C s
# y y y
'u yy y# y# yy
y y b # #
>VcXV+WCEXV 24*,5KYVc*.+W@B(C)Z-%+,"] - P52G+,VDF@ *.V CP*.VM-\]m-%L\V(V-\1C -\+.D/24--\+A/5&(@B*,V C P5K*,G*.Vc-\
(
]m-\L%V(Ve-%1C5&]@BL\V724--%+W/5K(3@B*.VC5CP/V (V/ @\1C s

?5 # y y y ?5
9 u y # y y 9

/ < y y # y /<

" w y y b #

*) +
(V:2e@B(V @%C}5KD&/V+,5KYVr*.Vc_`@B+,*.V C}5F@ (d5K]@BL%V 24--%+W/5K(@ *.V CZ+.-\]*.jV:@ i-BYV7V 1@ *.5K-\(G@\1C s
( (
@ u M" 5 < 7
3.#\$<\; >
Cau " 9 < 7

3.#\$<\g >
P52@ +.VMV@\24*.D&*.VaC.@ ]mVcV 1@B*,5K-%(3C9@\CV J13@B*.5&-%(Cc#\$<%N@B(/#%$=<BSj$h>jVh5&(YV+WCEV8XVe+ACEXV 2*.5KYV
# y y y
]@ *.+.5&h5CL%5&YV(mi0 s b u yy y# y# yy $
'
y y b #
(
4 #%#
` ,`
dc
> VMXV+AC}XV24*.5&YVc*.+A@ (C[Z-\+.] +.VD@B*,V C*.V-\+.DF/24--\+A/5&(@B*,V C P5&*.*.VM5K]@ L%VM24--\+A/5&(@B*,V C PjV(

*.jVM2@B]mVe+A@c5FCvD&-02@B*,V /G@B*7*.jVc-%+.5&L%5&(G-BZ`*.V1`-%+,DF/G24--\+A/5&(@B*,V C4$1r-`VYV+&-5K(G+.V@BDnD&5 ZV `V:(VeV /
*.-G*,+A@ (CED@B*.V@ (/ +,-%*A@ *.V*.jV2@B]aV+A@5K(
-\+A/V+c*,-Gi+.5&(LG*.jV -\i'}V 24*8-BZ5K(0*.V+,V CE*85K(
*,V VDF/-BZ
Y05KV 7$`>V+,V4Z-%+,?V -*,V824-%]aXDKV*,V72@ ]mV+A@:]a-0/VDf5&(Y-\DKYV C`CEVYVe+A@BD?-\*.Ve+v*,+A@B(3C[Z-%+,]@B*,5K-\(CiV C}5F/VC
*.jV9XV+WCEXV 24*,5KYV*,+A@ (C[Z-\+.]G$
')( -\(VCE5&]mXDKVM]m-0/Ve2D -n@\C.C}1]mV*.@ *c*.V2@ ]mV+W@ 5FC 3+ACE*M@ *c*.V-\+.5KL\5K(-BZ*.jV `-%+,DF/24--%+,
/5&(@B*,V 1C -n5C *,V(
*,+A@ (CED@B*.V/ i0y 365
h7D9 h7=< >o3 ]@ *.+,5K *>D-n*.V(~+.-%*W@B*,V /@B+.-\1(/
*.jV D-+,-%*W@B*.V/ @BLz@B5&(£@B+.-\1(/ *,fV 5)@ 5Chi
5K(*,V24-\1(*,V+A2DK-0.2 P5CEV/5&+.V 2*.5K-\.( 3 ]@B*.+,5K >:-`@B(/*. Ve(
*.+W@B(C}DF@B*,V / i0 3 b 717>3]@B*,+.5&

z>W$')(*.j5FCr2@%C}?V -*.V `-%+.D/ -\]m-%L\V(V-\1Cr24--%+W/5K(@ *.V *C 3 m> @B+,V:+.VeDF@B*,V /m*.-M*.V82@ ]mV+W@95K]@BL%V

24--\+A/5&(@B*,V dC 3 m> @%CZ-%D&DK- r1C s

*u
' 3.#\$<lR >
# y y y 2-C C}5K( y y
y # y y
u "GC}5K( y 24-C y y# yy -

PV+,V u y y # y -
'

y y b # y y y #
# y y y # y y "F5
# y y " b
(
y 2-C C}5K( y y # y "9 - }u y # y "

u y "GCE5&(
-
}
24-C y y y # "*< y y # " #
u
y
y5K(0YV+WCEV:y *,+A@ # (C[Z-\+.]CZ-%+7y *.y VM*.+Wy @B(C}DF@ *.#5K-\(@B(3/+.-\*A@By *,5K-\y (C:y @ +.Vm1C}# V /GV+.Vz$m>5C

v
%
- ,
* h
V ,
*
B
@ 8
* .
*
M
V
5F+.Cr-\*Ai@ V*.2V @B/ 1-|C}+AVh@ *.5&*vVe5C+:*.*.3VM@B(24-*.-\+AV/5&-\('i @B}V*,Vm24*C}$C}v*.V- ] *-n@ *.*.*A@\Vd2j_`V @ /I+.*,*,V -mCE5*.@Bj(VM5K2]@B]m@ L%VeV+A@c2-*.-%+A@ /0*95K(5Cv@ *.iV VCc5K(j2L @ (*,+Ai@ V(CE24D@B-%*.]mV/GXj1@B*.(V //
Z+.-\]V1@B*,5K-\(C1s
& c('*),+.- & )0243+ b f>v jGF &

"! $ %
#
& )92:3+)0243;<- ! & c('>),+?)0243@;
0/ 1 %
# / #65 & c('*)>;<- - E
#7"!8#%! & )0243C+ c('*),;K"/- =#%/ & c('*),+Cc('>),#A;LCB- D#DB & )92:37; 5 7
HI #7"!$#J ! & )0243+?)92:3N;<- 0/1#6 / & c('*),+?)0243; CBD#A B& c('*),;<- #6 5 - 7O f>v j>h &
#7"!M#%! "/1#J/ #DCBD#AB 5
(P ` ,`
`cm%Q"`d%&'

)' (*.V7X+,VY5&-%1CPC}V 24*,5K-%()V8/5FC,241C,CEV /m*.jV:2e@B]mV+W@9]m-0/0VD2- P52+.VeDF@B*,V C*,V-\+.DF/24--\+A/5&(@B*,V C

P5K*,G*.Vc5&]@BL\V824--%+W/5K(@ *.V C$:')* @%C@\C.C}1]mV /d*,@B**,VM2@ ]mV+A@9Z-02e@BD|DKV(jL%*. -+,-%*A@ *.5&-%(~@B(L\DKV C=-
@B(3/*,+A@ (CED@B*.5&-%(/5CEXD@%24V]aV(*WCn@B+,V 0(-P(?$ v(@ DK*.Ve+.(@ *.5KYVr]mV*,-0/:Z-%+r24-\]mX1*,5K(L7*.jV72@B]aV+A@
]m-0/VeD5C*,-c1CEV7*.jV72@B]aV+A@7@%CP@:]aV @%C}1+.5&(L8/VY05F24Vr*.-M/Ve*.V+,]m5K(VP*,V1( (- P(C5&(m*.jV72@B]aV+A@
]m-0/VeD)$>5CXj+.-024V C,Cm5FCm2@ DKD&V / 2@ ]mV+W@2@ DK5&i+A@ *.5K-\(?$'[(k*,5FCm]mVe*.-0/ -r@IZV X-\5K(0*ACm5K(£N )
P5K*, 0(- P(24--\+A/5&(@B*,V CP@B(3/h*.Ve5K+`24-%+,+.V C}X-%(/5&(L:5&]@BL\V2--%+A/05K(@ *.V C`@B+.V1CEV /c*.- 2@BD&5Ki+W@B*,Vv*,V
2@ ]mV+A@0$
>VdXj+./- }V 2*.5K-\(
-BZ9NB -\]m-%L\V(V-\1Ch2--%+A/05K(@ *.V Cc-%(0*.-*.V5&]@BL\VmXDF@ (V 3 Z+,-%] V 1@ *.5K-\(
#%$=<JkR >P2@ (iV CE1]a]@B+,5KV /c@\1C s
#

b8 bb
bC b b 5
9 7
!

3.#\$N0#m>

"
u
Vr@B5&] 5&(c*.Vr2@ ]mV+W@v2@ DK5&i+A@ *.5K-\(c5FC*,-7/V*,V+.

]m5&(V*.jV9]@B*.+,5K 1C}5K(LM*.jV 0(-P(GN ) X-\5K(0*ACr@B(/*.V5&+r24-%+,+.V C}X-%(/5&(Lm5&]@BL\V:2--%+A/05K(@ *.V C$

'
>V]@B*,+.5K 5C S -S0- P52@\C #egI1((-P(C$ v-VeYV+ - M5FC:(-\*h]aV @B(5&(LBZ1jD5K(*,V

5K]@BL%V 24--%+W/5K(3@B*.VC4$0V 2@ 1CEVc*,Vc5K]@ L%V85FC-%(D&d* -/5K]mVe(CE5&-%(@ 2D -*.Vc5&]@BL\VM24--%+W/5K(@ *.V C72@ (
#
iVm/0V*.V+,]m5K(jV /mi 1- - $c>Ve+.V4Z-\+.V?- `VM/-(-%*7(VeV /d*.-/V*,V+.]a5K(V7*.jVc*.5&+A/d+.- -BZ

*.jV]@B*,+.5& - P52M5FC1C}V / Z-\+ $|v- *- `V7@B+,V7-%(D&hD&V4Z * P5K*.#e<:1'( 0(- P(C5K(m*,V]@ *.+,5K $
! " $
(V P5KD&D (/d-\1*vD@B*,V+v5&(d*,5FCrCEV 2*.5K-\(d*,@B* V 2@B( @B+.ij5K*.+W@B+, -%(jV:-BZ`*,Vm#e<h1'( 0(- P(Cr@B(/
#
/V*,V+.]a5K(Vr*.V7+,V]@B5&(5K(jLh#\#91j'( (j- P(3C4$

C V0(-*-*.Vc_`@ +.*.VCE5F@ (d5&]@BL\V724--%+W/5K(3@B*.Vd C 3A@B7DCE> @B+.V7L\5KYV(i0
@4u 7 3.#\$N\< > !
$
Cu 3.#\$N\N > "
# $
u+.-\]*.V7V 1@ *.5K-\(C#%$=N#.#\$N%N V7L%V&* s
u b8b 5 w b 9 w b 1<yw b u :@ 3.#\$N S >
3.#\$N\; >
! $
u b 5 w 9 w 1<yw u :C

3.#\$N\g >
" $
u rb 5 w 9 w 1<yw

$
CE1jiCE*,5K*.1j*.5K(jL =- h-@B(3/ r5K(V 1@B*,5K-%(3C#%$N\<B,#%$=N%Nm@ (/ +,V @B+,+A@B(jL%5K(jL `V9L\V* s

! " $
b8b - bC / - b B - b rb ! # / # BD#

f>v &

b! # >f v GF &

- - - rb ! H # H =
/ # H B # H O

'[(*.V`@Bi- YV|V 1@B*,5K-%(3Cf*.V+,V|@B+,Vr#<1'( 0(- P(C 3 7 7 >:- @ (/ YV 0(- P(;C 3j5f7D9;71<g7:@.7:C/>A$
! / B #

b8b
rq (VX-%5K(0*c5K( N ) P5K*. 24--\+A/5&(@B*,V Cf3j5f7:971<,>D-@ (/ # # 2# -%# +.# +,# V CEX-\(/5K(jL5&]@BL\V24--%+W/5K(3@B*.VC 3A@B7DCE>
L%5&YV Cn* -cC}12AhV1@ *.5K-\(C P5&*.#<:1((-P(C$ dC}12aX-\5K(0*AC P5KDKDjL%5KYV< V1@B*,5K-%(3C1- Pj5F2Am2@ (

iV8CE-%D&YV /hZ-%+8#<c1('0(-P(C4$

b8b ! b -- b / b -- b B b -- b # b rb ! b # b / b # b

B b # b
f>v >h &

f>v &

b8b ! b / b B b
# rb ! #
/ #
B #
vv

bb! b- / C - - b B - - b
- rb
# / I# BI# f>v ]f &

# H b r!b f>v &j &

b b b
b ! - C / - B -
b

# H rb !
b # H b / b # H b B b # H b
f>v &
# H / # H B # H
vv

! / B
# !
b
!
- C
/
-
B
-
# H
rb ! # H

/# H

BI# H
f>v &
4
# N
@B'[i(~- Y*.V8V CEC}jVmCE*,VV] 1@B2*,@ 5K(-\(iC:V *.PV+.5K*,CE*.1Vi(aC,245K+.(5&X]*AC:@B*,-\+.({5& 36Z58-\+.7:] 9;7=@\<,C >8Z-\@BDK(DK-/vrC=3A@Bs 7DCE>/V(j-%*.V*,VmX-%5&(*c(01]MiVe+$>V

b8b

# b B b # b bb

! b / b B b ff
# b ! b # b / b

! vv / B
# ! # B # b
# /
vv
b
f # >! # >/ # B # C f>v &
! / B b / b B b ff # HH b ! b # HH b / b # HH b B b # HH b

E:

!

vv
! / B # ! # / # B #
rb

vv
f
H# >! # H >/ # H B # H
! / B

p

'
E f>v &

*.Pj-\V9]mVe1j-%+.('L\V V((jV--\5PCv1(3C@MC1C}-< @BC}(3*./-V] /0#<MVP*.]V+,5F]m@B2A*,M5K+.(j5Kt VP@%- *.C]MV7@M1+.VeDK5F*,]C5KX#@BD&< 5&VP(-C}5K-%(DK#9L71j*.Y15KV(-\2(*.(C4-%$`-&+ P->@B((CV/G$|+,V4pfycZV-%*5F+,CrV?-@BDCEV7-au2e@ @B#k(-#e< *.@ +.-Vei(m5&#7*.*.+AY@ V V8+.245&*.DK@ c-\i+-X$PY52->V7cjC}-\5FCP(C}*.V75FVCr]-B@ Z
'
2@ ( iV8+.V P+,5K*.*,V(@\1C s
b8b

! b / b B b
f # ! b b # b / b # b B b
b b
! vv / B
f

# ! # / # B
b
b

v
v
f / # B Cb f>v
! / B b / b B b ff # ! b HH b # HH b / b # HH b B b
# H b &

! # ! H

vv
! / B # ! # / # B vv
f rb

! / B # ! H # H * / # H B H
f>v *F &

'[(*,V@Bi- YVCEjCE*,V]"-n*.jVm]@B*,+.5& @ (/ YV24*.-\+ @ +.V 0(-P(?$(V2@B( /V*,V+.]a5K(Vc*,V#%#

1('0(-P(C75K(GYV 24*,-%+ Qi0G1CE5&(L*.VMXC}V1/-5K(0YV+AC}V?-5lZr@ *9D&V @%C}*8; # ;-%+7]m-\+.VMNB X-%5&(*WC7@B(/

*.jV5K+824-\+.+.VCEX-%(/05K(L5K]@ L%VM24--\+A/5&(@B*,V Cc@B+,V0(-P(?$bd1D&*.5KXjDK05K(Lm*,Va@Bi- YVhV1@ *.5K-\(

i0

-%(i-%*. CE5/V CP@B(3/ +.V@B+.+W@B(L\5K(LV7L\V*s

!
u 3.#\$ Sz^ > ! !

u 3 4> b 3.#\$;\y > ! !
qr(24V 5FCP/0V*.V+,]m5K(jV / -%*,V7]@B*,+.5K 5CP/V (V/ -'P5F2A24-\]mXD&V*.V C|*.V82@ ]mV+W@:2@ DK5Kij+A@B*,5K-\(?$

#
*#x ,$%m8i

` ,` `z` F gb

v(75K(0*.Ve+.V C}*.5K(jLP5K(0YV+AC}VnX+.-\iDKVe]/V @ DFC P5K*.8*.V|+,V 24- YV+.r-BZ 2@ ]mV+W@X@ +A@B]aV*.V+WCZ+.-\] *,V`2@B]aV+A@
]@ *.+.5&f$7u-\+Vj@B]mXD&V?-L%5KYVe(G@mX-\*.-%L\+A@ X
*A@V(Gi0G@B(1('0(-P(2@ ]mV+A@:Z+.-\] @B(1('0(-P(
4# S

DK-02e@B*.5&-%( Pj5F2A.-%@\CiVV(a24+.-\XXV /m@ (/ -\+PV(D@B+.L\V / --k2e@B( `V/Ve*.V+,]m5K(V|*,V2e@B]mV+W@t=CX-CE5&
*.5&-%(M@ (/:-%+,5KV(0*A@ *.5K-\(.-\@B(/c/Ve*.V+,]m5K(V*.V`V*,V(0**,- P5F2A7*.VPXj5F24*,1+.V P@\Cn24+,-%XXV /:-\+nV(D@B+.L\V /
vXXjDK5F2e@B*.5&-%(Cn- Zn*,5FC|-02241+`5K(C}VYV+A@ D¢@B+.V@%C4$ù-%+`5K(C}*A@B(324V?-5K(@ 1*.-\(-%]a-%1C(@Y05KLz@B*.5&-%(.-j@c24+.1j5FCEV
]m5C.CE5&DKV`24-\1DF/c-%i*W@B5&(h*,Vr2@B]aV+A@v*,+A@ (C[Z-\+.]@ *.5K-\(c]@B*,+.5& Z+,-%] @*.Ve+.+A@ 5K(c]m-0/0VDCE*,-%+,V / -\(i-z@B+W/
@B(3/ *.jV( 24-%]mXj1*.Vm*,V2@B]aV+A@X@B+W@B]mV*,V+AC7*.@ *M/V (jV *,VYV524DKVt=CDK-02@ *.5K-\( @B(/V @%/05K(Lj$
vDCE/- -@CE*W@B*,5K-%(3@B+.~2@ ]mV+A@MY5&V P5K(L@+,-%i-%* @B+,] -%+ C}X@%2Vm24-\1DF//V*,V+.]a5K(V7*.jVhX-C}5K*,5K-%(~-BZ
*.jVc@B+,]G$|>V8]@B+ 5&(LC- Z`CEVYVe+A@BD?X-\5K(0*ACP-%(dX3@B+.*r-BZ *.V8]@B(5&X1D@B*.-\+ -\1DF/@BD&DK- 6*,V5K+PV@%CE
V0*.+W@%24*,5K-%(MZ+.-%] @B(5K]@ L%V@B(/mX+,- Y5/VL%+,-%1(3/ *.+,1*.MZ-%+P*.jV:2e@B]mV+W@72@BD&5Ki+W@B*.5&-%(?$|>jV72@B]aV+A@
X@ +A@B]aV*.V+WC72@B(*.Ve(
iVm/Ve+.5KYV/ Z+.-%] *.jVm2@ ]mV+W@h*.+W@B(C)Z-%+.]@B*.5&-%(
]@B*.+,5Kt -?@B(3/*.VaDK-02@ *.5K-\(
@B(3/ -%+,5KV(0*A@ *.5&-%(-BZ*.V7]@ (5KXj1DF@ *.-%+r2e@B(iV:-%ij*A@B5&(V /m+.VeDF@B*,5KYVr*.-M*.V8C}*A@B*,5K-\(@B+,d2e@B]mV+W@$

|_ -%(3CE5F/0V+|@7NB xX-\5K(0* P5&*.M24--\+A/5&(@B*,V Cx365
#k7:9m#l7=<7#l7#h> 3)CEVeVru5KL\1+.V7#\$ S >W$n' Z 2@B]aV+A@P]@B*,+.5&
5FC (-P(V72@ (G/Ve*.V+,]m5K(VP*,V75K]@ L%V24--%+W/5K(3@B*.VC- Z`@:X-%5K(0*Pi0m1CE5&(LcV1b @B*,5K-\(#\$N\y -*.@ *
5FC"! u -#PV+.V#! u 3 7 &7 h7 =>A$|' Z`V]M1DK*,5KXD&$! P5K*. -'V CE-\1DF/mL%Ve*
*.jV:-%+,5KL\5K(@ D b i@%.2 f$pfV*1CCEV* du y -f*,V%( ! u3 =7 h7Ay 7 1>W$7v- *-i@\-2 0X+,/- }V 24*
! " # $
i ! u& $ (1V P5&DKDnL\V*8@m(V NB X-%5&('* -P5F2ACE-\1DF/GDK5&V:-\(

*.VMC,@B]mV
DK5&( Vc2-%((V24*.5&((L @B(/G *.jVM24V(0*.V+P- ZPX+,/- }V 24*,5K-%*( ) 3 CEVVMu5KL% 1j+.V#%$TS >W$ H5&]m5KD@B+,DK? -#Vc2e@B(*A@ V
# ! " $
!
@B(j-%*.jV+|NB X-%5&(+* u3j5G< 7:9c< 71<< 7h# >:-@ (/:L%V(jV+A@ *.V f -/Pj5F2A P5&DKDD&5KV|-%(c*,VD&5K(V|X@\C.CE5&(L
*.j+.-%1jL%, @ (/c*.Vr24Ve(*,V+- Z¢X+./- }V24*.5&-%(?$v- *-/V 2@B(cV @\CE5&DKc/0V*.V+,]m5K(j-V )Ii0:*,VP5K(0*.Ve+ACEV24*.5&-%(
-BZ *.V C}V* -MDK5&(V C4$
/.
1023-34
> V-\+.5&V(*W@B*,5K-%(a-BZ@c2@ ]mV+A@5C/V3(V /m@\C*.jV-%+,5KV(0*A@ *.5K-\(m-BZ*.jV5K]@ L%VPXD@B(Vz$|'[*`5FC`24DKV @ +nZ+.-%]
u5&L%1+,V:#\$;:*.3@B*P@\C*.Vr-%i'}V24*]m- YV C24DK-zCEV+|*.-8*.VDKV(C|5K*WC 5&]@BL\Vv]a-BYVC Z @B+,*.V+ @ P@:Z+.-\] *,V
5K]@BL%V 24V(0*.V+ @BDK-\(L*.V 9 "@B05FC$z(kV(*.Vc-\i'}V 24*75FC@B*7*.VMDKVe(C1-f*,VM5K]@ L%V P5&DKDiV Z-\+.]mV /
@B*85K( 3(5K*}$a>Vm-%(jDK P@G*.VM5K]@BL%VM-BZ@ (5&*.V -%+,DF/X-\5K(0*:2e@B(
iVhZ-\+.]mV /@B*85K( 3(5K*}d5C95lZ
*.jVZ-\1+.*,24-%]aX-\(V(0*n-BZ *.Vr-\]m-%L\V(V-\1Cn5K]@ L%Vr24--\+A/5&(@B*,V C5C eV+.-j$nu+.-\]QV J13@B*.5&-%(G#\$N\y `V
@YV
5
9 7
!
"
u
< 3.#\$;0#m>
y #
#
P52L%5&YV C*,VZ-%D&DK-P5K(LM2-%(C}*.+A@ 5K(0*P-%(*.V82@ ]mV+A@7-%+,5KV(0*A@ *.5K-\(.s
rb 5 w 9 w 1<yw u y
3.#\$;\< >
>5C95FC*,VhV J1@ *.5&-%(
- Zr@ XjDF@B(jVmX@%C,CE5&(Ld*,+.-\1L%DKVe('C )¡X@B+W@BD&DKVD|*.-*.VM5K]@BL%VcXjDF@B(jV$u+.-%]
*.j5FCPVJ13@B*.5&-%(5K*P5FCr24D&V @B+P*,@B*Z3 rb 7 17 1>`5FC*.jV:(-\+.]@ D?*.-M*.V85K]@ L%V7XDF@ (V?-@ (/dX@B+W@BD&DKVD?*,-
*.jV:2e@B]mV+W@$
>Vm-\+.5KVe(*W@B*.5&-%(5K(*.V+,]Cv- Z24DK-0.2 P5CEVc+,-%*A@ *.5&-%.( - -n@ +.-\1(/

*.V 5 "@B05F=C - Z-%D&DK- V/diG*,V
24D&-02-#P5FC}V+.-\*A@B*,5K-\.( - -@ +.-%1j(/ *,ZV 9 "@B05F=C 3)@\CPCE- P(d5&( L%1+,VM#%$?N >:-5FCL\5KYV(mi0t s

4
#;
Y
θ
X
φ
Z u5KL%1j+.Vc#\$N sP_`@B]aV+A@hqr+.5&V(0*A@B*,5K-\(?$
u @ +A24*W@B( "

7 3.#\$;\N >
u @ +A2C}5K( rb w " r b w 3.#\$; S >

#
')*5C|@BDFC}-:X-C,CE5&iDKVr*.- 24-%]mXj1*.V`*.VPZ-02@BD¢DKV(jL%*. - C,2@BD&5K(L8@ (/h-%*,V+`2@ ]mV+A@rX@B+W@B]mV*,V+AC?Z+.-%]

*.jVM2@B]mVe+A@:]@ *.+.5&f$ v-`VYV+-*,VM/V+,5KY\@B*,5K-\(C@B+,V:Z @B5&+.DK5&(Y-\DKYV / 0- *.Ve+.V4Z-\+.V `VM/-m(-\*724- YV+
.* jV] 5&(:*.j5FC5&(*,+.-0/12*.-%+,:i--/¢$`>VP5K(0*.V+,V CE*,V /9+,V @%/0V+|CEj-%1D/ D&--/c@ * <%N 5K(c*,Vij5KiD&5K-%L\+A@ X
Z-%+r*.jV:/0V*A@ 5KDFC$

8g%&i'!
b f !"c&`

C,CE1]mVc*,@B1 * `V @B(0*:*,-G+.-%*W@B*,VmYV 24*,-%+ @ +.-\1(/

YV 24*,-%+ i0@B(L\DKV 0$f(V2@B( /V 24-\]mX-CEV
YV 24*,-%+I5&(*,-G* `-GX@B+,*AC=--\(V24-%D&DK5K(jV @B+8*.- -`@B(3/ -\*.Ve+cXVe+.XV(/5241D@B+c*.- k@\C Z-\DKD&-rC=-x3)C}VV

u5&L%1+,Vh#\$?g >:s

u3 .> wv3 " 3 .> .> 3.#\$;\; >

# # #
>V 3+ACE*24-\]mX-%(V(0*P5FCP5K(0Y\@B+,5F@B(0*P1(/0V+v+,-%*W@B*.5&-%.( - PV+,V @%CP*.jVcCEV24-%(/24-%]aX-\(V(0* -1(3/V+.
L%-VCv@cXDF@ (@B+r+.-\*A@ *.5K-\(d*,+.-\1L% @B(L\DKV Pj5F2Am]@hiV P+.5&*.*,V.( s

24-C 3." 3 # B> B>twCE5&( 3 -3 "v3 # B> .>R> #

3.#\$;\g >

>5CL%5KYVC1s
ux24-C dw CE5&(
-,wv3,# "2-C ?>:3 .> O7
3.#\$;lR >

#
#g

X11 X1
y
U1
U2
X21
X2
u5&L%1+,Vd#\$ S/s7rV*.V+,]m5K(j5K(LM*.VMDK-02e@B*.5&-%(-BZ2@B]mVe+A@$8>VM5K]@ L%Vc- ZrNB QX-\5K(0*AC*5

#M@B(/5
#%#M5FC
x
Z-%+,]mV /m@ * #k-f@ (/ 5&]@BL\V-BZX-%5K(0*ACx5G<M@B(3/ 5G<0#:5FCZ-\+.]mV/m@B* <$`>V75K(0*.V+WCEV 24*,5K-\(m-BZ`@cDK5&(V

X@\C.CE5&(Lm*,+.-\1L%85
#c@ (/ 5~#%# P5&*.*.V7D&5K(V7X@\C.CE5&(LM*.+,-%1L\"5G<M@B(/5G<#85FC)x-'P5F2A5FCP*.V
DK-02e@B*.5&-%(-BZ`2@ ]mV+W@$
-%+
u d w CE5&( -,wv3,#"2-C ?> -"3 -/>:7 3.#\$;\s >
PV+,V -3 -/>;u
3 B> " $|v-*-Z+.-\]*.V8@ i- YV7V1@B*,5K-\(d*.jV9+,-%*W@B*.5&-%(]@B*,+.5K 2 @ (
iV P+.5K*,*.V(@\C1s

#
u)dw CE5&( 5 3 .>w 3.# "24-zC >A5 3 .> 7
3.#\$;\^ >
PV+,V*5 3 .>5C-\XV+A@ *.-%+ P5F2A5FC*.jV:YV 24*,-%+`X+.-0/1324*i0 -*,@B*r5FCP*.V8@ (*,5FCE0]m]mVe*.+.5&2P]@B*,+.5&
Z-%+,]mV / Z+,-%]*,V824-%]aX-\(V(0*AC- Z @%CZ-\DKDK-r=C s

y "
5 3 .>u y " # 3.#\$g\y >

y

"
>V+,V4Z-%+,V:*.-a+.VX+,V CEVe(*r*.V8+.-\*A@B*,5K-\.( -V:(jVV / YV24*.-\+ O-f@ (/I*,Vc@ (L%D&V r$ (VM2@ ( Z1+,*.Ve+
CE5&]mXD&5 Zc*.j5FC1-j@B(/+.VXj+.V C}V(*`*.V7+,-%*A@ *.5&-%(di0m-\(DK@cYV 24*,-%&+ - ?-CE12A*.@ * s

du

u 3.#\$g0m# >
#
>VP]@ L%(5&*.1/0V-BZ 5C*.jVr@B]m-\1(*-BZ¢+.-\*A@B*,5K-\.( -0@B(/c*.Vr/05K+.V24*.5&-%(:- Z¢-BZ P5FC*.Vr@ 5C-BZ +.-%*W@B*,5K-%( $
u5&(@BD&DK?-*.jV9+,-%*W@B*.5&-%(]@B*,+.5Ka2@ ( iV P+.5K*,*.V(@%1C s

ru
u )dwC}5K(

5 3
l
> 5 3
wv3,# "24-C > 7
9 >

3.#\$g\< >

PV+,* V 5 3l>`5FCL\5KYV(mi0t s
y "
5 39l>;u y "

3.#\$g\N >
" y#
4
#BR
OBJECT
OBJECT IMAGE LENS

IMAGE LENS
OBJECT
IMAGE LENS
u5&L%1+,V#%$; s7vV*,V+.]m5&(5K(jLc*.Vc-\+.5KVe(*W@B*.5&-%(-BZr2e@B]mV+W@$Cr*.Vc-\i'}V 24*r]m- YV Cv2DK-C}V+r*.-*.VcD&V(C

5K*WC5&]@BL\V7]m- YV CZ @B+.*,V+@ P@mZ+.-%] *,V75K]@ L%V824V(0*.V+ @BD&-%(Lm*,V9"@ 5C4$$(kVe(d*.jV9-\i'}V 24*r5FC
@B*r*.jV9D&V(=C -*.jV95&]@BL\V P5KD&DfiV9Z-\+.]mV/m@B*P5&( (5&*Ez$
#s

v’
(v.n)n
n
θ v
v-(v.n)n
u5&L%1+,VM#%$gs|O-\*A@ *.5K-$d- Z|YV 24*,-%+Nc@ +.-\1(/ YV24*.-\+ Gi@ (L%D&V $
!8`d ,$"%&'"b

J13@B*.Ve+.(5&-%(d5CP@ X3@B5K+ zu 3 ?7 ,>:-'PjV+.V 95Cv@MC.2e@BDF@ +r@B(/d5CP24-%]a]m-%(D&M2@BD&DKV /M+.V @ D?X@B+,*v- Z -

@B(3/ k5FC`@cNB 6YV 24*.-\+0- @B(3/h5FC`2@BD&DKV /c5K]@ L%5&(@B+,cX@B+,*P-BZ $|> `-11@B*,V+.(j5K-%(3CP2@B(miV7@\//V /mD&5V

@B(0mS$YV 24*.-\+AC$ v-VYV+&- ]h1D&*.5&XDK5&2@ *.5K-\(h- Zn* `-J1@ *.V+,(5K-\(CP5FCL%5&YV(mi0 s

3 ?7 ,> r3 7 >u}3 " 7 - w w ,>:7

3.#\$g S >
#
PV+,V - M@B(3/ # h/0V(-%*,V7*.V71C}1@BDYV 24*,-%+r@B(3/d/-\*vX+,-0/124*WC4$`>Vc2-%(/}1Lz@B*,Vc@B(3/ *.jV9(j-%+.]

-BZ@1J1@ *.V+,(5K-\(@B+.V /V(jV /@%C1s

u 3 7 " ,>:7 3.#\$g\; >

3.#\$g\g >

u du w

u-%+c@ (~+.-%*W@B*,5K-%( - Z7@NB YV 24*.-\+ - -n*.jV+.VmVe5CE*7* -d# -\XX-C}5K*.V 1@B*,V+.(j5K-%(3C d@ (/ "
P52C,@B*,5FC[Z u '3 5FCP2-%(0YV+.*,V /h*.-M@ 1@B*,V+.(5&-%(i0@%C,CE1]m5&(LcV+,-:+,V @BD?X@ +.&* -@B(/
!
CE5&]m5KD@B+,DKc*.jV:+.V@BDX@B+,*-BZ|*,V:+,V CE1jDK*A@ (* 1@B*,V+.(5&-%(G-\(d*.jV:+.5&L%0*v5CvC}V*r*.-mVe+.-M*.-M]@B*W2 P5K*,

" # ! $
*.jVc+.-%*W@B*,V /dYV 24*,-%+r-%(G*.jVcDKV4Z*CE5/lV >A$7>jV J1@ *.V+,(5K-\( h5Cv2-%]mX1j*.V /mZ+.-%] *.V81(5&*7/5K+,V 24*,5K-%(
YV 24*,-%+ I- Zn*,V8@B05FC-BZ +.-%*W@B*,5K-%( @B(/5K*WCP@B(L\DKV :ia*.VZ-%+,]h1jDF@ s
%

du3 24-=C 3 < >D7ACE5&.( 3 < > B>

3.#\$glR >
#
H5&]m5KD@B+.D&? -4*,-vV@%2A:X@ 5K+-BZ¢1(5&* 1@B*,V+.(j5K-%(3;C 3 7 " >*.jV+.V|5FC@@\C.CE-025F@B*,V /:1(5 J1jV+.-\*A@ *.5K-\(c]@B*,+.5&
&
4

#^
z-

w " "yn < 3 " n > <3Dnw >
}u <3 ;w n > w yn < 3=n. " =>
" "
3.#\$g\s >
< 3 D'n " > < 3=nw => yw n " "

PV+,V du3 7 &7

h7:n >A$

'b b.;% `*;%&'

')(X-zCEVV CE*,5K]@ *.5&-%(.?- *.jVhX+,-%iD&V]o5FC7*.- /V*.Ve+.]m5&(V:*,Vh-\+.5&V(*W@B*,5K-%( @B(/X-zCE5K*,5K-\(

-BZ@ ( -\i'}V 24*
3)2e@B]mV+W@ > P52 `-%1D/ +.VCE1D&*h5&( *,VdXj+.-/}V 2*.5K-\( - Z8@IL\5KYV( C}V*h- Z8*.+,VV /5K]mVe(CE5&-%(@ DX-%5&(*WC
5K(0*.-M@cL%5&YV(CEV*r-BZ 5K]@ L%VX-%5&(*WC4$vqr(V7- Z|*.V75&]mX-%+.*W@B(0*r@BXXjDK5F2e@B*.5&-%(C- Z|X-C}VcV CE*,5K]@ *.5K-\(m5FC5&(
*.jVm]m-0/VDi@%C}V /
-%'i }V 24*7+,V 24-%L\(5K*,5K-\(?$d')(< )*,-GNB ]m-0/VDi@%C}V /
-%'i }V 24*7+,V 24-%L\(5K*,5K-\(@dN )
]m-0/VeD- Zn*,V-\'i }V 24* -j@B(/m5&*AC< )X+.- }V 24*.5&-%(hZ+,-%] @:X@B+,*.5241DF@ +Y\@B(0*A@ L%V7X-%5&(*P- Zn*,V72@ ]mV+A@5C
L%5&YV.( -f*,VM@B5&]5Cv*.-/0V*.V+,]m5K(jV9*,+.VeVc+.-%*W@B*,5K-%(3C9@ (/G*.+,VVc*.+W@B(C}DF@B*,5K-\(C+.VD@B*.5&YV:*,-CE-\]mVci@%C}V
24--\+A/5&(@B*,VcCEjCE*,V]G$
pfV4* 3j5 7D9 71< >iV*,VmN )]m-0/0VD`24--%+W/5K(@ *.V C:- Z@ X-%5&(&* -|@B(v/ 3A@ 7:C >iVm*.VaX+./- }V24*.V /
5K]@BL%VM2--%+A/05K(@ *.V C$ C,CE1]mV8*.@ *:*,Vh-\'i }V 24* 3 2@B]aV+A?@ >P5FCv+,-%*W@B*.V/ +AC}*7iy 3 7 7 >:-*.@ *

]@ X$C 365 7:9 71< >*.- 36587:971<,>A$|rV&* -%*.jVP-%'i }V 24*|5C*.+W@B(C}DF@B*,V /hi04 3 7 7 >:-0@B(3/ (3@BDKD&:*,V

5K]@BL%V75CvX+.-0/0124V /d1C}5K(LaXVe+ACEXV 2*.5KYV8*.+W@B(C)Z-%+.]@B*.5&-%(1CE5&(LmDKVe(Cv2V(*,V+.V/d24--\+A/5&(@B*,VMCEjCE*.Ve"] -

@B(3/*W@ 05K(L8X-CE5&*.5&YVvY\@BD&1Vr-BZ $|>V5&]@BL\Vr24--%+W/5K(3@B*.VCP@Z*.Ve+XV+AC}XV 24*.5&YVvXj+./- }V 2*.5K-\(m@ +.VL\5KYV(

i0 s

32@ 7DC >u3 O36<y5 w w > 7 3A<y9 w w > > 3.#\$g\^ >

#
')(
-%+W/V+7*.- CE5K]aXDK5lZ *,V C}VmV 1@B*,5K-%(31C -5&(CE*,V @%/-BZr1C}5K(L*.+A@ (CED@B*,5K-%( 3 7 >:-V P5KDKD|1C}V
3 7 >:-'P52@ +.V8*.V7X+,/- }V 24*,V /h5K]@BL%V /5FC}XDF@\24V]mV(0*|5K8( @d@ (f/ Ca/5K+,V 24*. 5&-%.( -j@B(/ 5FCPN )
*.+W@B(C}DF@ *.5K-\(d5&X( < /5&+.V 2*.5K-\(?$nr- *-*,V75K]@ L%V72--%+A/05K(@ *.V Cr@B+,V9L\5KYV(ait s

32@ 7:C >u3 < Mw 5 w 7 <ytw 9 w >+u3 p5gw 7 t9;w >D7

3.#\$ Ry >

PV+, V Fu b $

>VX-C}V:V C}*.5&]@B*,5K-%(M2e@B(iVvZ-%+,]h1D@B*,V /h@\CP@B(m-\X*.5&]m5K@B*.5&-%(MX+.-\iDKVe] P52M]m5&(5K]m5lVC *,V

V+,+.-%+ciV* `VV(
*,Vm]m-0/VeDP@B(3/ 5&]@BL\Vm2--%+A/05K(@ *.V C #e< )$~>VV+.+,-%+8iVe* `VV(
*,V24-%]aX-\(V(0*AC
-BZ]m-0/VeD@ (/ *,Vm5&]@BL\V2@B(iVmV0X+,V C.C}V /
5K(
*,V+.]C- Z7C}]@BD&D2A@ (L%V C:5&(*.VC}5K1'( 0(- P(C
3 7 7 7 7 7 >:-0@B(/c*.jV5K+/V+,5KY\@B*,5KYV C P5K*,h+,V CEXV 24**.-7*.VP5&]@BL\VP24--\+A/5&(@B*,V C4$Hz5K(24V
V+,+.-%+WC@ +.V (- P.( -\*.V`CE]@BDKD02A@ (L%V C?5K(8*.V|X@ +A@ ]mV*.Ve+AC?2@ (:5K*,V+A@ *.5&YVDKriVP24-\]mX1*,V /Z+.-\]*.V C}V

V 1@B*,5K-\(1C -`@B(/
*,Vm(V0*cV C}*.5K]@B*.Va2@ ( iVm-\i*A@ 5K(V/ i0@\//5K(jLG*.V2A@B(L\V C:*.-G*,VmX+,VY05K-%13C
V C}*.5K]@B*.Vz$m>VmV J1@ *.5&-%(Z-\+:V+,+.-%&+ - -5Ky( @ 5K]@ L%Va24--%+W/5K(@ *.V@\C:*.VaCE1j] - Zr*.VmXj+.-0/12*AC
-BZ5K*WCX@B+,*.5@BD?/0V+.5&Y%@ *.5&YV C*,5K]mV Cn*,VV+,+.-%+r2-%+.+,V 24*,5K-%(aY%@ DK1V,C 3 1C}5K(Lc*,V +AC}*P-%+A/0V+r>@0DK-\+rCEV+,5KV C

@BXjX+.- 05K]@ *.5K-\( >|2e@B(diV P+.5&*.*,V(@%1C s

pu @ w @ w @

w @ w @ w @
3.#\$ Rzm# >

<%y

> VMX@B+,*.5@BDP/0V+.5& Y% @ *.5&YV Cv5K(*.jVm @ i- YVmV J1@ *.b 5&-%(~2@B(
i VMV @%C}5KD&24-%]mXj1*.V / Z+,-%]oV1 @ *.5K-\(k#%$lR y0$
u-%+rVj@B]mXD&?V - u k# -f@ (/ u " $$ (V82@B( 24-%]aX1*.V @B(/
( "
Z+.-\]*.jV9+,-%*W@B*.5&-%(]@B*,+.5Kt - $ C `V (- £5 gZ 365 7:9 71< >|5FC+.-\*A@ *.V /@B+.-\1(/89:)@ 5Ci@ (L%D&V

-*,V7(V 24--%+W/5K(3@B*.VdC 3j5f7:971<,> @B+,V7L%5KYVe( i0t s

5 u 5 24-zC w <CE5&( 7 3.#\$ R< >

3.#\$ RN >

9 u 9 7



>V( -

#
5 u "r5 C}5K( w < CE5K( u <g7

3.#\$ R; >

9
u y 7 3.#\$ Rg >



#
(V2@ (24-\]mX1*,VP*.Vr-%*,V+X3@B+.*,5F@ Df/0V+.5&Y%@ *.5&YV CnCE5&]m5KD@B+,DK$ (V2@B(@ DFC}- P+.5&*.V@7CEV 24-\(/hV 1@ *.5K-\(

Z-%+ C 5&]@BL\V724--\+A/5&(@B*,V CCE5&]m5KD@B+|*.-MV 1@B*,5K-\(

#%$lRk# -f@ (/d24-\]mX1*,V7*.V7X@ +.*.5@BD/V+,5KY\@B*,5KYV C$|>V
X@ +.*.5@BD/0V+.5&Y%@ *.5&YV C - OZ @ @B(3'/ C P5K*,c+.V C}XV24*n*.-7V @\2M2e@B]mV+W@X3@B+A@ ]mV*,V+n@ +.VrL%5&YV(:5&(c*.Vru5&L%1+,V

#%$lR$

u-%
+ 5&]@BL\VX-%5&(*WC VP2e@B( P+.5K*,Vr< - V 1@ *.5K-\(C P5K*,MCE5K81'( 0(- P(C4$|>j5FCnDK5&(V @B+CEjCE*,V]C
-BZ V J13@B*.5&-%(CP2e@B(iV P+.5&*.*,V(@%CZ-%D&DK- r1C s
u 7 3.#\$ Rs >
PV+,V 5C*.VM/Ve+.5KY\@ *.5KYV8]@B*,+.5& - 5C *, VcYV 24*,-%+- ZrC}5KG1'( 0(- P(CX@ +A@B]aV*.V+W1C -+3 - -
- - - >:-BZ-\+/0V*.V+,]m5K(j5K(Lr-%+,5KV(0*A@ *.5K-\(M@B(/cDK-02e@B*.5&-%(M-BZ 2@B]mVe+A@ - 65FC*,VrYV 24*.-\+- Z?V+,+.-\+

*.Ve+.]C$nv- *-*.jV9Xj+.-%ijDKV]5C*,-M24-%]aX1*.V -'P522@ (iV /-%(jV:1C}5K(LM*.V7D&V @%C}*rC 1@B+,V C 3*r@%C

Z-%D&DK- r1C s
u 3 >b 3.#\$ R^ >
u5&L%1+,Vh#\$^cC}- rCv@M/V]m-\(CE*,+A@ *.5K-\( -BZ*.5C]mV*.j-0/aZ-\+PX-CEV8V CE*,5K]@ *.5&-%(?$
! !
#
(Va2@ (@BDCE-d13CEVMDK5K(jV C5K(C}*.V @\/I- ZrX-\5K(0*AC75K(*.VMX-CEVaV CE*,5K]@ *.5K-\(?$mqr(VmX-C,CE5KijDKVa@BXX+,-@\2
5FCr*.-m]mV@%CE1j+.V:Ve+.+.-\+AC@\C*.V8XVe+.XV(/5241D@B+7/5CE*W@B(24Vc- Z`V @%2AGV(/X-\5K(0*v- ZP*.jVc]m-0/VD?D&5K(V7Z+.-%]
*.jVc24-\+.+.VCEX-%(/05K(LmD&5K(V5K(d*,V:5&]@BL\?V -@ (/ *,V(*A@ V7*,Vc/Ve+.5KY\@ *.5KYVC5K(*.V+,]C- Z`*.5CP/5FC}*A@B(324V
+A@ *.Ve+P*.@ (d5K(*,V+.]C|-BZ @ @ (f/ C $|>V:V 1@ *.5K-\(-BZDK5K(jV72@B(iV P+,5K*,*.V(@%=C s

" @zw # Cau{n/7 3.#\$s\y >

wk# w #
PV+, V 5Cv*.jVMCEDK-\X?V -@B(/ nm5FCv*,VhXV+,XV(/5241DF@ +7/5CE*A@ (24Vc- Z*,VcDK5&(V9Z+,-%]o*,Vc-%+,5KL%5&(?$8>V
V 1@B*,5K-\( - Z`@cDK5K(jV*.+,-%1L\dX-%5&(Z * 32@ 7:C > 2@B(iV:-\i*A@ 5K(V/aZ+,-%] V 1@B*,5K-\(#\$s\y i0CE1jiCE*,5K*.1j*.5K(jL
32@ 7:C >5K(C}*.V @\/h-BgZ 32@.7:C/>@B(4/ n 5K(C}*.V @\/h-BZ n$|>V(m*,VXV+,XVe(/5F21DF@ +/05FCE*W@B(2V-BZX-%5K(0,* 3A@ 7:C >

Z+.-\] *.jV D&5K(Va5FCcCE5&]mXD& n " n $

')*c5FC:V @\CE
*,-
2e@BDF21DF@ *.Vm*,V/V+.5&Y\@B*.5&YV C-BZZ n Z-\+c1CEV5K(*,V

5K*,V+A@ *.5&YVrC.2AV]m?V - iV 2@ 1CEVr*.V /V+.5&Y\@B*.5&YV C?-BZ n @ +. V }1CE*`DK5K(jV @B+`24-\]hi5&(@B*,5K-\(c-BOZ @ @B(/ C - P52

V8@ DK+.V@%/ 0(- 7$

4

<#
@ C
# y

y #

" 5 " 9
" 5"9 h3 <y w 19 >

"
h3 < w:5 > 5"9

" = 9 : 5

u 5&L%1+,Vh#\$ R sP>V7X@B+,*.5@BD/V+.5&Y\@B*.5&YV C- Zn5&]@BL\V824--%+W/5K(@ *.V CP5K*,+.V C}XV24*v*,-cV @%2Ad- Zn*,Vc2e@B]mV+W@

X@ +A@B]aV*.V+WC4$
%# $H*W@B+,* P5K*,@B(~5K(5&*.5F@ D|V CE*,5K]@ *.Vc-BZC}5KGX@ +A@ ]mV*.Ve+AC1-3 7 7 7 7 >A$' Z -%1/0-

(-\* 0(-*-@%C,CE1]aV7@BD&D?X@B+W@B]mV*,V+AC|*.-MiV9eV+.-j$

<$ vXjXDK*.+W@B(C)Z-%+,]@B*,5K-%( *.-

*,Vd]a-0/VD2- @B(/ X+,-/}V 24*M*.jVd]m-0/VeDP-%(k*.jVd5K]@BL%VXDF@ (Vdi0
24-\]mX1*,5K(L 32@ 7:C >A$

N$_|-\]mX1*,V9*,V7V+.+,-%+WC -@B(3/ $|' Zn*,V7V+.+,-%+ACP@ +.V @%224VeX*A@ iDK?V -J1j5K*$

S$ru5&(/M2@ (L%VP5&(mC}5K8X@B+W@B]mV*,V+A=C - 3 7 7 7 7 7 >-BZ *.+A@ (C[Z-\+.]@ *.5&-%.( -
i0m1C}5K(LMDKV @\CE*rC J1@ +.V C 3*$Pv-\*.-aCE*,VX 3)< >W$

u5KL\1+.VM#\$s s|U-CEV8V CE*,5K]@ *.5&-%(@ DKL%-\+.5&*.]G$

<%<

3@ > 3i >
3)2m> 3)/p> 3 Vk>

u5&L%1+,Vm#%$=^ s,3 @ r> >jVcN'" ]m-0/VeD?-BZ`@m/0+.5KD&D)$,3i > >V:X+,-/}V 24*,5K-\( - Z`*.V8V /L%VC1- PV(d*,Vc/0+.5KD&D
5FC5&(1((-P(X-CEVz$f)3 2h>>jVhX-C}5K*,5K-%(~-BZr/0+.5KD&D|@Z*,V+7-%(VM5K*,V+A@ *.5&-%(?$3)/M>>jVhX-C}5K*,5K-%(-BZ/0+.5KD&D
@Z*,V+P* -85K*.Ve+A@B*,5K-\(C4$x3 Vl>>V7X-zCE5&*.5K-\(-BZ/+,5KDKD¢@Z*.V+P*,+.VVr5K*,V+A@ *.5&-%(C=- P52m5C*,V724-\+.+.V24*X-C}V
-BZ *.V8/+,5KDKD $
4 4

<%N
,$#r%mb db
#%$x(k@ *v 5C*,V:+,-%*W@B*.5&-%(G]@ *.+,5KcZ-%+@B(G-%i'}V24*P+.-\*A@B*,5K-\(G-BZ`N\y @ +.-% 1j(/d*.Vk@ 5C1-Z-%D&DK-V /

i0Gg\y @ +.-\1(/*,V @ 5C1- @B(3/ Z-\DKDK-`V /di @m+.-%*W@B*,5K-%(~-BZr^\y @B+.-\1(/*,V @B05FC4$ vDKD
+,-%*A@ *.5&-%(Cr@B+,V:2-%1(0*.V+r2DK-02. P5CEV$
<$xk( @ *5C *,Vr+.-%*W@B*,5K-%(a]@B*,+.5KZ-\+P@B(a-%i'}V 24*+.-%*W@B*,5K-%(a-BZ@ +.-\1(/m*.V @B05FC1-%Z-\DKDK-`V / i0
@B+,-%1(3/*,V @B05FC=- @B(3/ Z-%D&DK-V /ci0m@7+.-%*W@B*,5K-%(a-BZ
£@B+,-%1(/m*,V@ 5C4$ vD&D+.-\*A@ *.5K-\(C
@ +.V824-%1j(*,V+A24D&-02-#P5FC}V$
N$_|-\(CE5/V+P@:YV24*.-\+F}3 R?A7 NA7 < > Pj5F2Ah5C+.-\*A@ *.V /m@ +.-\1(/m*.V @B05FC|ia^%y - @ (/m*.V(a+.-%*W@B*,V /
@ +.-%1j(/ *,V @B05FCi8^%y @ (/ (@ DKDK8*.+W@B(C}DF@B*,V /:i0'3 S/7 "N 47 RkA> $|u5&(/:*.jV(V 24--\+A/5&(@B*,V C
- Zn*,V7YV 24*.-\+$ vD&Df+,-%*A@ *.5&-%(Cr@B+,V:2DK-02. P5CEV$
S$Hj- *.@ *Z-%DKD&-P5K(Lc5/V(0*.5K*,5KV C`@B+,V9*,+.1Vz$
u - b u b
b u
b - b u b $

;$rvVe+.5KYVV J13@B*.5&-%(C#\$<\sh@ (/#\$<%^0$

g$_|-\(CE5/V+|*.VZ-\DKD&- P5&(L82@B]aV+A@P]m-0/VD $ C.C}1]mV*,@B*+WCE*|*.jV2@ ]mV+W@L\5K]Mi@BDj24V(0*.V+5FC|@ *
*,Vv-\+.5&L%5K(M-BZ*,V -%+,DF/M24--%+W/5K(3@B*.VC4$|vV0* -*,V2e@B]mV+W@v5FCn*,+A@B(3CEDF@ *.V /ci0M@B]m-\1(*r3 y 7A<7A< >D-
@ (/d5K*r5FCP+.-\*A@B*,V /di0d@ (L%D&Vc^\y @B+,-%1(/ <@ 5dC -Z-%DKD&- V /mi0 +,-%*W@B*.5&-%(G- Z#eN%; @ +.-\1("/ 5
@ 5C4$ 0-%*,+.-%*W@B*,5K-%(3Ch@ +.V5K(*.jV24DK-0.2 #P5FCEV/5K+,V 24*.5&-%(C$ Z*,V+:*,@B*M*.jVd2e@B]mV+W"@ 3 5K]@BL%V
XD@B(kV >5FC7*.+W@B(C}DF@B*,V /i0
@ ]m-%1j(* 3 # y%< 7 # y0l# 7 # y%N >P5&*.
+,V CEXV 2*:*.-L%5&]hi@ D|24V(0*.Ve+$u5K(@ DKD&? -
5&]@BL\V5FCZ-%+,]mV /h1C}5K(LMXV+AC}XV 24*.5&YV*.+W@B(C)Z-%+,]G$ C.CE1j]mV7*.@ *Z-02@ D?DKV(jL%*.-BZ|*,V82@B]aV+A@
5C # y\N%y$|u5K(/:*,VP5K]@ L%V 24--%+W/5K(@ *.V Cn- Z?*.jVPX-\5K(0 * P5F2A:@\C -%+,DF/M24--%+W/5K(3@B*.V|C 3,l# 7k# 7Ay # < >W$
R$Hj- - @ (75&]@BL\VX-\5K(0$* 3A@ &7:C >¢5FC?]@ XXV /*.-*,V `-%+.D/:24--\+A/5&(@B*,V C?1CE5&(L*.jV5K(0YV+WCEV
XV+WCEXV 24*,5KYV]@ *.+,5Kt -JYVe+.5 Zc*,@B*r*.jV9V J1@ *.5&-%(C7#%$=<%;M@B(/G#%$=<%gM@B+,VcC.@ *.5C V /¢$
s$rvVe+.5KYVV J13@B*.5&-%(C#\$;\Nh@ (/#\$;BSj$
^x$ )|V+,5 ZMV J13@B*.5&-%(C#\$;\g -?#%$=g%yM@B(/#%$=g%<$
!#" N -%N $'&)(+*,( & ".- *(/$ 021 143 & - 56 ( 7" (98 ;: &2<=$ >=6!/?A@CB &2$ - 6#D *

#%#\F$ )|V+,5 ZMV J13@B*.5&-%(#%$=g%s0$

#<0$9r5KYVe(N -N +,-%*W@B*.5&-%(]@B*,+.5Kt - z-24-\]mX1*,V J13@B*.Ve+.(5&-%( 0$
%
EGFH655 & ?IGJGJ * " ((& -K7"#L-M NA (98 ?PO=6 *#$ < ?6- & B < ? (+* "!3/?RQ# ( J#" * ?P (& B5 & L" ( ? TSU* " <
(98 V $$'&#(+*( < ! $ ?9 & "? S u 2S WF 8& J (98!*,( -ML"#7-K N!L">X3 $ ( $ & "

"
uZY S S " TS 7

" 3.#\$s0#m>
3 * "Q#KJ $ (( #" * ?
}u[Y S S ]\ S u \ ^Y S \S S 7
3.#\$s\< >
J 8 $ S ? * S -cS - *(9$ 0 < #5)#" < L"> & " 2SU* " < S `_ 8 G? & DL6 ( & "a ?b>2 !)";Q9c (98 M6"# ( V >d#"
!A3 (&T$e* ?+? & 3V *( < J (98K(98 ?A- * D^Df/? ( V >)"M * DL6! & B (98 - *(9$ 0g u[h S \S S

<BS

#4Sj$ C,CE1]aV - c@ (/6:iV 1@B*,V+.(j5K-%(3C4$PH-6*.3@B*s

3 > u "Z3 D> 7 3.#\$s\N >

3.#\$s S >
$
3 ?> 3 > u 3 p> 3 D> 7
3.#\$s\; >
! $!
3 ?> # 3 @ >Uu 3 # p> # 3 # l>:7
! $!
PVe+.V # 5FC*,V8/-%*PX+,-0/124*e$ # # # #
#;0$ +.-\*A@ *.5K-\( ]@ *.+,5K Z-\+h+,-%*W@B*.5&-%( @B+.-\1(/ @B(k@ +.i5&*.+W@B+.~YV 24*.-\+ci CE-%]aV@B(L\DKV2@ ( iV
V0X+,V C.C}V /G@%C7*.VcX+,-0/124*8-BZ *.+,VVc+.-\*A@B*,5K-\(C'3 { 1jDKV+etC@ (L%D&V C >Ds+.-%*W@B*,5K-%( @B+.-\1(/5 @ 5C

i0
@ (L%D&V -Z-%D&DK- V /i*.Va+.-%*W@B*,5K-%( @ +.-%1j(/ 9 @B05FC:i0
@ (L%D&V ¡@ (/Z-%D&DK-V /Gi0*,V
+,-%*A@ *.5&-%(@ +.-%1j(/ < @B05FCni @B(L\DKV $ rDKD*,Vv+,-%*W@B*.5&-%(C`@B+,V24-\1(0*.V+|2DK-0.2 P5CEV$|H- *,@B*&s
24-zC 824-C 2-C cC}5K( :C}5K( "CE5K( c2-C 24-zC :CE5&( 724-zC wC}5K( cC}5K(
u CE5&( c24-C C}5K( cC}5K( :C}5K( w24-zC 824-C C}5K( cCE5&( 724-C "2-C cC}5K(
"GCE5&( 24-C :CE5&( 24-C 724-zC

#
#g0$u-%+ CE]@ DKD+.-\*A@ *.5K-\(C V72@ (@%C,CE1]aV7CE5&( ou -@ (/24-C zu #%$PH5K]mXjDK5 Z7*,V7@Bi- YV7]@B*,+.5&
@\C.CE1j]m5K(LMC}]@BD&D+.-%*W@B*,5K-%(3C4$P'}C*.jV9+,-%*W@B*.5&-%(]@B*,+.5Kc(j- DK5K(jV @B+`5K( ;7
@B(/

!#" N -%N $'&)(+*,( & ".- *(/$ 021 143 & - 56 (
6#D $ @ ? * ">TD /? 1 * " <

#s0$vVe+.5KYV8*.VMV0X+.VC.CE5&-%(CPZ-%+:*,VcX@ +.*.5@BD`/V+,5KY\@B*,5KYV CPL%5&YV(G5K(G*,Va>@ iDKVaCE- P(5K(u5&L%1+,V

#\$ R$
#^0$ 01C}5K(LV 1@B*,5K-\(#%$s\y24-%]mXj1*.V8*.VcXV+,XVe(/5F21DF@ +7/5FC}*A@ (24Vc-BZ @mX-%5&(* 3A@ 7:C >Z+,-%]@
D&5K(V$

k
]4 "!"#$%&'

|{ /L%V/V*.V24*.5&-%( P5F2AG@%Cc@ *.*,+A@%2*.V /G*.V@B*.*,V(0*.5K-\(- Zr]@B(0d+,V CEV@B+A2AV+WC b 5FC7-%(Va-BZP*,Vm]m-zCE*
5K]aX-\+.*W@B(0*m@ +.V @\C5&(kDK-Ve+mDKVYVeDr24-%]mXj1*.V+MY05FCE5&-%(?$ v-VeYV+-5&*mC}VV]Cc*.3@B**.VGXj+.-%ijDKV] -BZ
/V*,V 24*,5K(L7V /L\V C5&(h+,V @BD C.24Ve(V Cn5FC`CE*.5&DKD¢@B(a1(CE-\DKYV /cX+,-%iD&V] 5&(m@7L%V(jV+A@ D?CEVe(CEV$|{|/L\V7/V*,V 24*,5K-%(
5FCc5K]aX-\+.*W@B(0*hiV 2@ 1CEVG*,VGC}1224VC.Ch- Z:j5KL%jV+hD&VYVDPX+,-024V C,CE5K(jL
+.VD&5KV CcV @Y05KD&
-%(kL\--0/xV /0L%V C$
r+A@DKVYVD5K]@BL%VC24-%(0*A@ 5K(@ (
V(-\+.]m-\1C7@B]m-\1(0*9- Z/@B*W@ -]h12AG-BZ Pj5F2AG5FC95&+.+,VDKVY\@ (*&-fV$ Lj$ -
*.jVi@%.2 0L%+.-\1(/h- Z*.V C.24V(jV$H- @B*`*.V5&(5K*,5F@ DCE*W@BL%V -*.jVV4¢-%+,*5FC|]@%/0VP*.-:+,V /12VC}-%]mVr-BZ*,V
/@ *A@ n*,VM-%'i }V 24*WC7@B+.VaCEVeX@B+W@B*.V/IZ+.-\]o*.VMi@%.2 0L%+.-\1(/@B(/V(*,5K*,5KV CC}12A@%C9V/L%V C P5F2A@B+,V
X0C}5F2@ DKD&mC}5KL%(j5 ¢2@ (* @B+,V:5F/0V(*,5 V/f$
')(¡*,V
C}*.V+,V-*.V 2A(5 J1jV 1C -Z-%+5&(CE*W@B(24V -5K]@ L%V Cc*A@ V(xZ+,-%] * - /5l¢V+.V(0*mD&-02@B*,5K-%(3Cd@B+,V
1*,5KDK5&V /:*,-cL%V*`*.V/VX*,m5K(0Z-%+.]@B*.5&-%(?$ vDKD¢C}*.V+,V-:*,V 2j(5 1V Cn/0V @BD P5K*.a*.V W24-%+,+.V C}X-%(/Ve(24V -
PV+,Vm*.jVm*.- V(CvZ+.-\] *,Vm+.5&L%0*c@ (/DKVZ*:5K]@BL%VM@ +.Vm]@B*A2AV /G5K(-%+W/V+8*.-GL%Ve*:*.jV/5FC}X@B+,5K*}

-BZ`* -M5K]@BL%VC4$P>V8V /L\V:5K(0Z-%+.]@B*.5&-%(XDF@jCv@ (d5K]aX-\+.*W@B(0*v+,-%DKV85K(*.V CEVD&V 24*.5&-%(-BZ *./- Ve(C4$r')(

]m-\*.5K-\.( -*.VM/Ve*.V 24*,5K-\(G-BZP]a-BY05K(jLc-%'i }V 24*WCv5FC/-%(VMi0d5F/0V(*,5 Z05K(Lc*,Vc*.5&]mV:Y\@ +.05K(LmV/L%V C@B(/
24-\+.(V+WC4$>V@ XX+.-z@%2AV Cc*.-C}*.+.1324*.1+,VmZ+.-%] ]m-%*,5K-%( -n*.+,-%1L\ P52
*,V*.+,VV/5K]aV(CE5&-%(@ D
CE*,+.12*.1+,V9- Z|-%'i }V24*ACP5FCP24-\]mX1*,V / -j@BDFC}-h+,V 15K+,V:2-%+.+,V CEX-\(/V(2V9- Z|*.- V(C$vqr'i }V 24*+,V 24-\L%(5&*.5K-\(
]mV*,-0/C?i@%C}V /9-\(c-%(D&7*.V`* `-/05K]mV(3CE5K-\(@BDzCE@ XVP1CEVP*,VV /0L%V5&(Z-%+,]@B*,5K-\(?$?bd-C}*|@BD&L%-\+.5K*,]C
Z-%+r+.V24-%L\(5K5&(L:*,V7X@B+,*.5@BDKD&m-0224D&1/V /m-\'i }V 24*AC`@%C,CE1]mV7*,V7X+.V C}V(24V-BZ|L\--0/dV /L%VC4$
]4:] ^ db d8i db

H 5&(24Vm*,VL%+A@DKVeYVDnZ1(24*,5K-%( 2A@B(jL%V CcC}5KL%(j5 ¢2@ (*,DK@ *c*.VV /0L%V C:- Z7-%i'}V 2*AC1-|*.jV 5/V @ DV /L\V
2@ (iVM]m-0/VD&V / i0d*,VMCE*,VXIZ1j(24*.5&-%(?$ '[(G+,V @BD|5&]@BL\V C1--VYVe+-f*,VcL%+W@GD&VYVD@B*7*.jVcV /L%VC
-BZ @ (G-%i'}V 24*r/0-V C(-%*72A@ (L%V @Bi+,1X*.D&?-i1*5&(CE*,V @%/ -¢2A@B(L\V CvL\+A@%/01@BD&DK$r>V C}VcV /L\V Cv2e@B(GiV
]m-0/VeDKV /i*.Vc+W@B]mXdZ1(324*.5&-%(?$hHz-%]mV*,5K]mVeC* -C}*.VX3C9@ (/ -%+:+W@B]mX3C@BXXV @ +824DK-zCEVc*.-\L%V*,V
+
*.jV CEV8@B+,V:+,V CEXV 24*,5KYVD&M2@BD&DKV /aCEX5 V:@ (/ +,--BZ|V/L%V C$P>V7X-C,CE5KijDKV:*}0XV C-BZ|V/L%V Cr@B+,V8CE- P(d5&(
u5&L%1+,V:<0$K#\$
~t R=1 ,mk:2: k: <%;
<%g
(a) (b)
(c) (d)
u5KL\1+.V <$K#ks>|XV C- Z`{|/L%VC4$r3)@ >PHz*.VX.-.3i >Òr@B]mX.-t3)2m>PHzX5V?-0@ (/3 /p>POP--BZ,$

]4 ^8 b.`zi db %h d8i F *#$%&'

bd-C}*PV /L\V7/V*,V 24*.5&-%(aC.2AV]mVC2-%(C}5FCE*`-BZ*.+,VVCE*A@ L%V C=s L P *L=P:L J Q -j@B(/ L L Q $

')(h*,V D&*.V+,5K(L8CE*W@BL\V?- *.Vr5K]@ L%VP5C X3@%C.C}V /c*.+,-%1L\@ D&*.V+5K(M-%+A/0V+|*.-7+.V]a-BYV|*,Vv(j-%5FC}V$|v-\5FCEV

2@ (kiV/01VG*.-
*,Vd1j(/V C}5K+A@ iDKVGVfV24*ACc5K(0*.+,-0/124V / 5&( *,VC.@ ]mXDK5&(L/- J1@ (*,5K @ *.5&-%(.- ijDK1+,+.5K(jL
@B(3/¡/VZ-0241CE5&(L - Zc*,V2@B]aV+A@v- @ (/k5K+.+,VL%1jDF@B+,5K*,5KV Ch- Zc*,VCE1+}Z @%24V~CE*,+.12*.1+,VG-BZc*,V-%i'}V 24*WC4$
>Va/5 ¢V+,V(0*.5F@ *.5&-%(CE*W@BL\Vh5&L%D&5KL\*WCv*.VMDK-02e@B*.5&-%(C5&(*,Vc5K]@ L%V1PVe+.Vc5K(0*.Ve(CE5&*E2A@B(jL%V C7@B+,V
CE5&L%(5 ¢2@ (*e$¡u5K(@ DKDK - 5&( *.jV/V*.V24*.5&-%( CE*W@BL%V - *,-C}VGX-%5K(0*ACPV+.V*.V5K(0*.V(3CE5K*}~23@B(L\V Cm@B+,V
CE5&L%(5 ¢2@ (*r@ +.V7DK-02@ DK5&V /f$
')( *,VV @ +.D&5KV+ @BXX+,-@\2VC*,V DK*,V+.5&(LcC}*.VX P@\CPC 05KXXV /t- *.V7/05 ¢V+.Ve(*,5F@B*,5K-\(CE*,VX P@%CPXV+.
Z-%+,]mV /mi0d1C}5K(Lm*,V 3(5K*,V)/05 ¢V+.Ve(24V8@BXXj+.-@\2 - @ (/d*.jVc/V*,V 24*,5K-%(P@\C/-%(jVciDK-02e@B*.5&(Lm*,V
XV @jC5K(M*.jVL%+W@%/5&V(*`-BZ*,V5K(0*.Ve(CE5&*E7Z1(24*,5K-\(m1CE5&(Lc@:*,+.VCE-\DF/f$|')(M*.V C}V7@BXjX+.-z@%2AV C1- DK*,V+.
5K(jL P@\C (j-%*824+.13245F@ DnC}5K(24Vc-\(DK CE0(*,V*,5F295&]@BL\V Cr@B(/G*.Vc5&(/1C}*.+,5F@BDC.2V(V C P5&*.@24-\(*,+.-%D&DKV /
V(0Y5&+.-\(]mV(0* `V+.V 24-%(C}5F/Ve+.V /f$rp?@ *.V+&- H-%iVD5K(0*.+.-0/0124V /*.VM@YV+W@BL%5&(LaCE*.VeXGiVZ-%+.Vc*,Vc/05 ¢V+.
V(0*.5@B*.5&-%(C}*.VX $ H5K(2Vd@YV+W@BL\5K(LG5C:@5&(/
-BZ DK*,V+.5&(L/n- iV*,*.V+c+,V CE1D&*AC `V+.Vm-\i*A@ 5K(V/ i0*,V
H-\iVeD-\XV+A@ *.-%+e$mvVe*.V+,]m5K(@ *.5&-%(d- ZP*,Vh*,+.VCE-\DF//VXV(/C-\(*,Vm/0-%]@ 5K(G-BZ *.VM@ XXD&5F2@ *.5K-\(
B@ (3/hY\@B+.5&V C Z+,-%] 5K]@ L%VP*,-c5K]@ L%V$v1*,-%]@ *.52PCEVD&V 24*.5&-%(M-BZ*,+.V C}-%D/5K(jL:5FC`CE*,5KDKD3@:@B+W/hX+.-\iDKVe]G$
@B+W@BD&5F2. S ¢XV+EZ-\+.]C|*.V7/05 ¢V+.Ve(*,5F@B*,5K-\(CE*,VXmi0 +WCE* *,*.5&(Lc@:X5&V 24V P5CEV24-%(0*.5&(1j-%1CX-%D&
(-\]m5F@ Df*.-M*.jV9L\+A@mD&VYVD(V5&L%0i-\+.--0/G-BZ @cX5K0VD2-j@B(/*.Ve( 3(/5K(jLc*.V8X@B+,*.5F@ D/V+,5KY\@B*,5KYV C|-BZ
*.jVX-%DK0(-\]m5F@ D)$n')(m*,5FC`@BXXj+.-@\2 -*.V 3DK*.Ve+.5K(jLcCE*,VXm5C(-\*PVXjDK5F25K*-\i1**,V *,*.5&(LcV C.C}V(0*.5F@ DKD&
CE]a--%*.3C*,V:L\+A@DKVYVD¢5K]@ L%V8@B(3/ *.01CPXV+EZ-\+.]CP@ 3DK*.Ve+.5K(jLMCE*.VeX?$P')(*,15K*,5KYVD&?-*.V8V+.+,-%+r-BZ3*
24-\(*,+.-%DC*,V7/VL\+.VV-BZCE]a--%*.j5K(Lj$_`@B((0 ?N -j< 13CEV Cv@B13C.CE5@B(5K(a*.V 3DK*.Ve+.5K(jL:C}*A@ L%V8@B(/24-\]m
X1*,V C*.V 3+ACE*8/5&+.V 2*.5K-\(@BD/V+,5KY\@B*,5KYV @BDK-\(Ld*,VcL%+W@%/5&V(0*7/5K+,V 24*,5K-%(/01+.5&(L*.VM/5l¢V+.V(0*.5@B*,5K-%(

J< R
CE*W@BL\V$|')(c*.V /V*.V24*.5&-%(cC}*A@ L%V7_`@B((0?-0/V*,V 24*AC?XV @jC5&(c*.Vr/Ve+.5KY\@ *.5KYV|-\1*.X1j**,-DK-02e@B*.VP*,VPV /L\V
X-%5&(*WC4$MbG@B+,+:@ (/ v5&DF/+,V*. @BDCE-d13CEVm@B1C,CE5@B( @%C7@DK*,V+ l#N )$ >VGXV+EZ-\+.] /5l¢V+.V(0*.5@B*,5K-%(
CE*,VXGi0d*.jVMp?@BXD@%245@B(.-P52G5Cv*.VMC}1]- ZP*,VMCEV 2-%(/dX@ +.*,5F@BD /V+.5&Y\@B*.5&YV Cr@BDK-\(L*.V@ @B(/
C)@ 5C4$
]4 }%hc= ,$%h8i e4`zi

VX>D&5&V]mVcVD V]m$(0>-z*,CE3*75FXC C}5K05KP]mV@D6Xjc>`DK5FV*.CrVr+.D&V*.+AXV@ D+(@%5F/24CvV-\/d]*,iVc(-\]m5F*.C}VV@ Vc(5FC|]m@VD&Y*.@BVV(d+A+e@ $7- L%ZP'[V (/cL\+A*.-%@1jdVc*D&$|]aVpfYV VV@BDF* CP( d5K(/DK*,V@V(j+ C}-%-f]*.*,Vr@B*.D&VcD?jL%(Vv+WV5&@5K]L\d@BDKiL\VeV-\Y+.VPD-@B-05F*2A/V@%@B`2A+,VG-%1 X(3@B5F/I24(0*,**,1*,+.-VV
D&*.V+&- /V(-\*.V7*.jV DK*,V+.V/ 5&]@BL\V?-0@B(/24-\(CE5/V+r@cN-aN:(Ve5KL%0i-%+,--0/d@ +.-%1j(/d@:X5&VeD)$>V(

EH & # f E H # f & hf - # f E H & hf - # f E H - f & hf - E H # f & hf

- & h f - H - f & h f - - f H f & h f - - f H & h f - - f H - f & h f 3j v f &
EH
EH & # f E H # f & E # f E# f & - # fE E H # & # f E & - #E f E H - f & # f E E f &
f& E# f& - EH & E & - EH - f& Ef&

- EH
S b bE H # f & f E# f & f E H & f E & f E H f & f E f &
#f 3j v j &

- - - - -
- -
SY b Y b - E H - & E & 3j v &

EH &

3j v &

EH & EH & EH &O
vVe+.V /0V(-%*,V7*. V DK*,V+ -j@B(/ M/V(-\*.V C*,Vc2-%(0Y-%DK1j*.5K-\(-%XV+A@ *.5&-%(?$P>jV 3DK*.Ve+P5K(*.5Cv2e@%CEV75C

N -N-@B(/mV @\2X5&VeD5&(*.V 3DK*.Ve+P5FCC}V*P*.- b $|>V D&*.V+ m5CP24-%(0Y-%D&YV 1/ P5K*.*,V75K]@ L%V G@B(/
%
*.jVP+.V C}1DK*n5Cn@ D&*.V+,V /95&]@BL\V $|>Vr24-\(Y-\DK1*,5K-\(:-%XV+W@B*,5K-%(M5FCP5F/VD&71CEV /c5K(M_|-%]mXj1*.V+)5FC}5K-%(

@B(3/c'[]@BL%VÙn+.-02V C.C}5K(Lj$|>VP24-\(Y-\DK1*,5K-\(:-%XV+W@B*,5K-%(M2e@B(ciVPY5CE1@ DK5&V /7@%CX3@%C.C}5K(L @B+.-\1(/M@ D&*.V+

]@\C 3 ]@\C M> 5K(d*,V:5&]@BL\VZ+.-%] DKV4Z*r*.-a+.5KL\&* -*,-%XG*,-hi-%*,*.-\] @%CC}- P(G5K(Gu5KL%1j+.VM<$=<$>V
]@\C m5Cv24Ve(*,V+.V /@ *V @%2AX5K0VD?5&(d5K]@BL%V O-f@ (/d*.V CE1] - Z*,Vc2-%+.+,V CEX-\(/5K(jLmX5K0VD& i0X5&VD

X+,-0/124*r5FCP24-\]mX1*,V /f$

>V]mV@B( D&*.V+|XV+}Z-%+.]CV 1@BD¢@YV+W@BL%5&(L V@%2AhX5&VeDY\@ DK1V7@ +.-\1(/d@8CE]@ DKD(V5&L%0i-%+.j--0/

5FC|@\C.CE5&L%(V/V J1@ D V5&L%0*$ v(-\*.V+`1CEVZ1'D DK*,V+|5FC|2@BD&DKV /h@ 1C.C}5F@B( $')(m*,V9@ 1C.C}5F@B( D&*.V+|V @\2
X5&VD tC Ve5KL%0*5C5&(YV+WCEVD&:X+,-%X-%+,*.5&-%(@ D?*.-c*.jV7/5FC}*A@ (24VZ+.-\] *,V724V(0*.+W@BD¢X5K0VD)$>Vc@B13C.CE5@B(
5FCP/0V (V /@\1C s
t32@.7:C/>+u 7 3)<0$;?>
" "
! "
"

PV+,V 65C*,V~CE*A@ (/@ +A/6/VeY5@B*.5&-%(k- Z@ 1C.C}5F@ (.-7@B(/ 24-%(0*.+,-%DFCm*,VG]@%C kC}5KV$ >V]@\C

-BZ t3A@B7DCE> 2@B( iVGL%V(Ve+A@B*,V / Z-\+@L\5KYV( Y%@ DK1V-BZ ¡i0*A@05K(jL
Y\@B+.5&-%1CMY%@ DK1VCh-BZZ@.-r@B(3/vCp-
#"
@B(3/ C}1iC}*.5K*,1*.5&(LG5K(~*.V@ i-BYVmZ-\+.]M1DF@0$Gu-%+:Ve@ ]mXDKV - P5&*. @ u ":#k7+C u ":#l7@B(/ }uo#k-

$ %"
&"
Z3 "8l# 7 "8m# >u uy N%g?R -PC}5K]m5&DF@B+,DK Z3)y 7m# >uy g%y$£')*c5FCc2-%]m]m-\(
*.-~C.2e@BDKV*,V
! " ! )"
" ! " (
24-V 245&V(*WC:5K( *.V@ 1C.C}5F@ ( D&*.V# +c*,-

*.jVd(V @ +.V C}*h5&(*,VL%Ve+AC4$ # 0V 2e@B1C}V *,VG5K]@BL%VaL%+A@ DKVYVDC
' (

@B+,VG5K(0*.VL\V+A=C -P5K*M5FCmC}5K]mXD&V+c*.-~XVe+EZ-%+,] 5&(*,VL%V+M]M1DK*,5KXD&5F2@ *.5K-\(@%C24-\]mX@ +.V /*.-

+,V @BD(01]MiV+
+*
]M1DK*,5KXD&5F2@B*.5&-%(C$>Vv]@%C c- Z*.V7@B1C,CE5@B( DK*,V+nZ-%+ Xu < -0]h1jDK*.5&XDK5&V /iM<\;%; -@B(/h*,+.1(32@B*,V /

*.-a*.V8(V @B+,V CE*5K(0*.VL\V+P5FCrCE- P(G5&(Gu5&L%1+,Vc<$=N$7v-\*.V8*.@ **.5C5Cv@#N -#eN]@%C ¢$Pu-%+Y%@ DK1VC
,"
<%s
f h
f(x-1,y+1) f(x,y+1) f(x+1,y+1) 1/9 1/9 1/9
f(x-1,y) f(x,y) f(x+1,y) 1/9 1/9 1/9 h(x,y)

f(x-1,y-1) f(x,y-1) f(x+1,y-1) 1/9 1/9 1/9
u 5KL%1j+.V7<0$< sP_|-%(0Y-%D&1*.5&-%(-%XV+W@B*,5K-%( $
@.7:C g -*.VL Z32@.7:C/>5CnYV+. CE]@ DKD)$>Ve+.V4Z-\+.V?-%*,-C}VY\@BD&1V Cn@YVviVVe(h5&L%(-\+.V /f$ v-VYVe+-BZ-\+
*.jV5KL\V+`Y%@ DK1VC-BZ +-*,V]@\C MC}5KV3@%C*.-8iV9ij5KL%L\V+$Hz5K(24Vr*.jV @ 1C.C}5F@B(mZ1(324*.5&-%(miV 24-\]mV C
DKVC.CP*.@ (# - Z|5K*WCv]@ 5&]c1]QY\@BDK1jV:Z-%+ @B7DC N +-5K*r5FC@ XX+.-\X+.5@B*,Vc*.-M1CEVM@h]@%C CE5KeV:-BZ @ *
"
DKV@%CE*rg Hw #%$
"
"
]4 % , d;%&`d%&' e4+`Zi

>V8/V+,5KY\@B*,5KYV- Z|@M24-\(*,5K(01-%1CZ1j(24*.5&-%( G5FCP/V3(V /@%C=s

u n?n @ u DK5K] 3A@ >" 3A@ @ " @ >

3)<0$g?>
H5&(24Vd5&]@BL\V Cc@B+,V/5FC,24+.Ve*.?V -|*.VG]a5K(5&]c1]oY\@BDK1jVd-BZ @k2@B(ki# V#\$6v- *.V @Bi- YV Z-\+.]M1DF@
+.V/124V C*,/- s
u n?n @ u 32@ >" O32@ "kh# >

3)<0$ Rk>
#
>5C5FC|2@ DKD&V /c@:/5C.24+,V*.Vr@ XX+,-B05K]@B*.5&-%(c- Z@:/V+,5KY\@B*,5KYV$n_|-\(CE5/V+P@+,- kXj+.-3DKVPZ+.-%] @ (m5K]@BL%V
@%CrCEj- P(5K(u5&L%1+,V:<0$ Sj$@$|')*WCP/V+.5&Y\@B*.5&YVi0m1CE5&(Lc*.jV:@ i-BYVZ-\+.]M1DF@75FCL%5&YV(5K(u5&L%1+,V7<$TS$ i $

0 <%^
y y y y # < < < # y y y y
y y # N g ^ #%# ^ g N # y y
y # S #\# <%y N%y NBS N\y <\y #%# S # y
y N #%# <\g ;%y R N s%< RN ;\y <%g #%# N y
# g <%y ;\y ^%N #N%g #e;BS #eN%g ^\N ;%y <%y g #
< ^ N%y RN #N\g #^%s <\<%; #e^%s #N\g R N N%y ^ <
< #\# NBS s\< #; S <%<%; <\;%; <\<%; #; S s%< NBS #%# <
< ^ N%y RN #N\g #^%s <\<%; #e^%s #N\g R N N%y ^ <
# g <%y ;\y ^%N #N%g #e;BS #eN%g ^\N ;%y <%y g #
y N #%# <\g ;%y R N s%< RN ;\y <%g #%# N y
y # S #\# <%y N%y NBS N\y <\y #%# S # y
y y # N g ^ #%# ^ g N # y y
y y y y # < < < # y y y y
u5KL%1j+.V8<$=N s@B1C,CE5@B(G]@\C P5K*. fu£<0$ "
v-\*.Vc*.3@B*7*.VM/0V+.5&Y%@ *.5&YV:2e@B(iVM2-%]mX1j*.V /i @BXXD&5&(L@m]@\C *.- O-CE5K]a5KDF@ +P*.- D&*.V+,5K(L@ (

5K]@BL%Vz$')(M*.5C|2@%C}Vv*,VP]@%C cC}5K]mXD&824-%(C}5FC}*ACn-BZ* -7VD&V]mV(0*,C@\C|CE- P(m5&(mu5&L%1+,Vr<$TS$/¢$ 5C|@

CE*,VXV /L\V?-@ (/m5K*ACP/0V+.5&Y%@ *.5&YVvL\5KYV C`@:5KL\ Y\@ DK1V8@B*P*,VD&-02@B*,5K-%(-BZ @B(V /L\V$|>V+,V7@B+,V8CEVYV+W@BD

-%*,V+P]@\C jC P5F/VeDKM1CEV /hZ-\+24-\]mX1*,5K(L8*.V +WCE*/V+,5KY\@B*,5KYV@%CrCE- P(d5&(u5KL\1+.V8<$TS$TV %Z,$

')]@BL\V Cc@B+,VG* `-
/05K]mV(3CE5K-\(@BD $ L%+W@%/5&V(*MYV 24*,-%+M-BZ O32@.7:C/>:5C 3 7 >:- PVe+.V 5C *,V

/V+,5KY\@B*,5KYV85K(G*.j4V @/5K+,V 24*,5K-%( -?@B(/ 5C*.VM/Ve+.5KY\@ *.5KYV85K(*.V C/5K+,V 24*,5K-%( $c>VML%+A@\/5KVe(*3@%C

]@ L%(5&*.1/V -@B(//5K+,V 24*,5K-%( h@\Cv/V (V /miVDK- *s

u @ +A24*W@B( 7

3)<0$?s >
u w
3)<0$?^ >
#
>V8/5&+.V 24*,5K-\(@BD /V+.5&Y\@B*.5&YV5K(*,V8/5K+,V 24*.5&-%( :5Cv/0V (V t/ s
u @ Fw C CE5&(

#
>V+,V8@B+.V8C}VYV+A@ Df]@\C jCZ-%+r24-\]mX1*,5K(LcL\+A@\/5KV(0** 3 7 >:-CE-\]mV7@ +.V8CE- P(5K(u5KL\1+.V8<0$g$

]4(P F *#$%&' e4`zi

.
- 4 /
pfV* 32@.7:C/>$u 3A@.7:CE>tw 32@.7:C/>|iVM@cL%+W@%/5&V(0*v]@ L%(5&*.1/0Vc@B*rX5&VD3A@.7:CE>W$rvV(V 3A@B7DCE>
@%CP*.jV9(j-%+.]@BDK5&V /cL%+W@%/5&V(*P]@BL%(j5K*.13/V7C.2e@BDKV/iV* `VV(y:*.-#y\yh@\C Z-\DKDK-rC=s

32@.7:C/>+u @CS b 32@.b7:C/> 3 R7 /> - #y%y

3)0< $K#ey >

#

!
N%y
Z 3 M> # y #y # y #ey # y <\y %< y \< y %< y %< y
Zet 3p > y y y y y e# y y y y y
Z 3p
> y y y y y e# y .e# y y y y
,# # .# y # .# y y #

u5&L%1+,Vc<$TS/srv5lfVe+.(0*.5F@ *.5&-%(?,$ 3 @ > -%(V /5K]aV(CE5&-%(@ DfZ1(24*,5K-\( 3A@ >A$*3 i > vV+,5KY\@B*,5KYV 32@ >13CE5K(jL
*.jVc/5C.24+,V*.V8@BXjX+.- 05K]@ *.5K-\(?,$ 3 2m>vHzV 24-%(3/d/V+,5KY\@B*,5KYV 32@ >A$,3 /p>rvVe+.5KY\@ *.5KYV]@%C f$,3Vl> E3 Z=>r> `-

@%/j/5K*,5K-%(3@BD/V+.5&Y\@B*.5&YVv]@%C jC4$

>V(cV/L%V C2@B(ciVP/0V*.V 2*.V /7i8@BXjXDK05K(L @v*.+,V CEj-%DF0/

-\(c*.VP(-\+.]@ DK5&V /L%+W@%/5&V(*]@ L%(5&*.1/V
$
'3A@.7:CE>u
y# 5-%Z *,V3A+ @BP7D5CECEV >

3)<0$K#\#m>
PV+, V '32@.7:C/>n5CP@B( V L%V7]@ X?$
. /.
4

')(*,Va@Bi- YV V*, V 4*.5&-%(G]mVe*.- -`Vh-\(DKG1C}V *,VhL\+A@5KV(0*7]@BL\(5K*,1V V5G(-\*:1C}Vh*,V
L%+W@5&V(0*5K+,V 4*,5K-%( $>VGL%+W@5&V(* 5K+,V 4*.5&-%( 5FCM@BD @ChXV+,XV(5!41DF@ +m*.-*,VdV 0L%V?-@B( *,V
L%+W@ D&VYVD"C A@B(L\Vc*.V7]m-zCE*r5K(*.@ * 5&+.V *.5K-\(?$P' Z @#4V+,*A@B5&(X5K0VD)t=CL%+W@D&VYVDf5C(j-%*$A@B(jL%5K(jL
CE5&L%(5 %@ (*,DKm5&( *,&V 5K+, V 4*,5K-%(- Z|L%+W@ 5&V(*&-*.Ve( *,@B*rX5&VD?Xj+.-%i3@BiD& 5C(-%*@B(V L\V:X-%5&(*e$;(V
(V'V *,-mC}1XX+,V C.CP*.3@BZ* 3 (-\(d]@ 5&]@ >X-%5&(*e$|bG@B*.jV]@B*,5 @ DKD&c*.V7(-\( ]@B05K]@8CE1XXj+.V C,CE5K-\(d5C
V 3( V @%=C s
3A@.7:CE>-,/. 32@.7:C/> 32@027:C106>32 4

32@.7:C/>+u 32@.7:C/> 32@ 050A7:6C 0706> 3CBD5E>B >

* () ,/.
)+ 8 9:;<>=?,@A<
?;<F=G< 32@ 7DC > 2H4I 3A@ 7:C > 2H=G<J:G;<LK=M2,7<F4:ON2HK4,5:GP< @94RQ9:;S@ ,!< @T9 .< K<U2H: 3A@B7DCE>
,54:G;<&,5=G< V:,7949H.W:;<$K=M2,7<F4:2@@ ;9 ?4X,74ZY,7KP=G<&BD\[D\2D"]";,!@@ :G<F^X?,7_5_`@AP^^=G< @@:;a<b^9,74:M@
?;,!c;d2 =<R49:e^9:<F4:,!2H_$< K<f^9,54:g@VDihT9 ?:;<R494ajkN2 l,7N2R@ P^â=< @G@ < mK=g2,5<F4:eF2H4dQ<
.-
49=N2 _5,5n>< 2@94<L,54Z:G;<bâ=<Fo,59P@@ <'V:,794 %2H4Z:;a<b:;a=< @A;9_!ZF2H4ZQ<U2Hâ^_5,7< p:G9#^=9PV<2
Q<F::G<F=< K<UN2H^`Drqs:O,@T4<'V< @@G2H=GtZ:9eu6PI2H4:,5n><b:;a<JK=g2,5<F4:$,7=< V:G,594Z,54:92Jvl< Z4PNUQ<F=9H.
,7=< V:G,594@VDwP=,74K#:;a<b494jkN 2Hl,5N2L@AP^^=G< @@A,594Z:G;<bK=g2,5<F4:N2HK4,5:GP<&2H::;<r2H^â=9â=,2 :<
^,7l<F_!@F2 4J:G;<F4UQ<xV9N#Î2H=<'yDzqs4U94a<T^91@G@ ,7Q_5<$@Gc;a<FN#<{:;<K=M2,7<F4:",5=<'V:,794L,@{u1P2H4:,7nF< b,74:G9
7 7 7 7 7
<F,7K;:L,7=< V:G,594@LV94I@ ,@A:,74KZ9H.&8 |1[ g}8 FEF~[ g~EF[DY,5KP=<eBD[DQ@A;9 ?@:G;<eV9=G=< @A^94,74K
^,7l<F_!@:G9JQ<&V9N^2H=G< #P=G,54KU:;a<4a94jN2Hl,5N # # 2 # @AP^^=G< @@A,594Z@ :G<F^`D

~E
M(x’, y’)
M(x’’, y’’)
s C2h94jN2Hl,5N 2@AP^^=G< @@A,594`DQ,7K;:^9 @@A,5Q_7<K=g2,5<F4:,7=< V:G,594@VD

(a) (b)
Yz,5KPa=<&BD[
!" #$&%(')#$*,+(# , * #-.#/-10%32 ./ ,#$4 #$

]";<#<'K<<F:G< V:,794S@g;<FN#<'@F2H4SQ< V_2@@ ,/v< Z,54R:;=G<F<F2 :<FK9=G,5< @ D]";<Jv=M@ :L>2H:<>K9=Gt < 2H_!@
?,5:G; :;a<#< 2H=G_5tS~ 65 65 87 :9 ;7"< 7= >7
~e2H4[ S[pK=g2,5<F4:L9^<F=M2H:9=g@ ?;,!c;R,54IV_5P< @ =<>?,5: 9Q<F=: 19Q<F_
@? A7 B
2H4I `2 ^_2V,2 4f9^<>=g2H:G9=M@VDLqC4Z:;a<U@ < V94ZF2 :<FK9=t y:;<L9^<F=g2 :9=M@?;,!c; 2H=G<JQ2@ < X94 2 ,54
C DB 1E GFH7IC JE KFH7 LC MBIN E GF
9H. @AP= . 2V<v:G:,74K2H=G<L,54 _5P<'yD]";<L9^<>=g2H:G9=M@x9 . TP< 1<F_ /EF8 2H=G:_5t [ %2H4I 2H=M2H_5,! \@ |
7
. 2 <F:N#9<>_2H^^=G912c;U:9<'K<<>:< V:G,594bQ<F_594K:G9:G;,@zF2 :<FK9=t D{Y,542 _5_7t F:;<:G;,5=MLF2H:G<FK9=t&9H.
1O
< K<$<F:G< V:G,594@g;<FN< @V94@ ,!@ :g@"9 .z:;<O:< g;4,!u6P<'@W?;a,g;J<FN^_59 tb:G;<$<>=,5o2 :,5o1<'@W9 . O2HP@G@ ,2 4`D
< 7
< V<F4:_7t :G;<X9^<F=g2 :9=M@#,54:G;,@V_2@@L;2Fo1<XQ< V9N#<eu6P,7:<e^9^P_!2H=#Q< F2 P@ <Z:G;< @A<Z9^<F=g2 :9=g@
O B
^<F= .9=N =< 2@ 94I2HQ_7t ?"<F_7_ .9=#=< 2 _$@ <F4< @ D 2 P@@A,2 4 91<'@p2 ,549H.r?"<F,7K;:< 2'o1<>=g2HK,54KS9H.
B
:;a<LK=g2Fte_5<Fo1<F_`,7N2HK<b,74Z9=g<F=$:9#=G<FN#9 o1<$:;<L49,@A<1Db]";a< @ <L9^<>=g2H:G9=M@P@A<b. 2H,5=G_5te_2H=GK<F=ON2@ @
PC ;7 RQ
2H4I:;<F=G<V.9=G<R2H=G<RV9N#âP:g2 :,5942H_7_5t <>l^<F4@A,5o1<1D T9 ?3<Fo1<F= @ 9N<X< %9=G:g@J;I2'o1<eQ<F<F4 N2<X:G9
R7 TSU?V=
=<'PV<OV9N^P:g2 :,7942 _`V9N#^_5<>l,7: t$QtJPa:,5_7,5nF,74K$@A9N#<^=9^<F=:G,5< @"9 .z9^<F=g2 :9=g@ %2H4I qQ2@A<
JEXW YF
,5N^_5<FNU<F4:g2 :,/94U;2Fo1<&2H_@A9LQ<F<F4Xâ=9^9 @ < 8 D
[Z \^]1!*L0#$2_-a`cb #]1-.%(]

d 4PNUQ<>=9H.O~LR5 ~Z2H4S[eS5 [< K<9^<F=g2 :9=g@U2H=<fB49 ?4`D ]";<Jv=M@ :L9H.O@APg; 9^<F=M2H:9=g@L?2@
^=G9^91@A< Qtg< 9Q<>=:FD qC4 2,7:,794:G9 < 9Q<F=G:;N @b9^<F=g2 :9=;7h9=<F?,7:U2H4i=19Q<F_9^<F=M2H:9=g@J;I2'o1<
Q<F<F4 PI@ < <Fl:<F4I@ ,5o1<>_5t,54 :G;<#^2@ :>Df]";a< @ <9^<F=M2H:G9=g@b<'@@ <>4:G,2H_7_5tRV9N#^P:G<J:G;<#K=g2,5<F4:L2 :U2
^,7l<F_a_59F2 :,5942H_794K&:;<^=G,54V,7^_5< ,5=G< V:G,594I@VD]";a<TN#9 @ :3V9N#N#94r,5=G< V:G,594I@2 =<hj 2 43k17 QPa:
,!2HK942H_z2 42H4:,7jC,!2HK942 _z,5=G< V:,794@;2Fo1<$2 _@A9LQ<><F4#P@A< yD{]";<$ 9N#^Pa:g2H:G,594#9H.z:G;<K=M2,7<F4:
,@^<F= .9=N#<'pQt#:;<bvI4,5:G<L,ly Q <>=<F4 <N<F:;9#.9=O,m%Q <F=G<F4:,2 _@8y7 2@,@GVP@G@ < ,54X:G;<L@A< V:G,594Z94
,ly
Q <>=<F4:,!2H:,794`D
qC4dY,5KP=<nW Dpo ?"< @ ;9 ? :G;<n < 9Q<F=:79 =<>?,5:2 4q= 9Q<F_9^<>=g2H:G9=M@p,54 :G;<F,7=#N#91@A:#@A,5N#â_5<
.9=GNZD]";a<: < 9Q<F=G:2H4,9 =<F?,7:9^<F=g2 :9=g@2@@A,5K4X< u1P2H_%?"<F,7K;:g@":G9L:;<$^,7l<F_!@R17 QP:,74:;<(1= 9Q<>_
9^<F=M2H:G9=;7 :;a=<V.9=< 7 o2H=,79P@ @ ,5N^_5,/v< 2 ^^=9 l,5N2 :,794@y9 .y:G;<"K=g2,5<F4:zN2HK4,5:GP<{;2Fo1<{Q<><F4
YW
~ U

U ;

jE 8 E E E E
8 E E 8
j E 8 E 8 8 8
E 8 8 Gj E
j E 8 E j E j E Gj E

jGE 8 E E W E 8 jE 8
>W
j 8 W 8 8 8 j E | Gj E
jGE 8 E jGE jHW jE 8 jE 8

(W o O : h< 9Q<F=:\N @T9^<F=g2 :9=7.k QIh9 =<F?,7:;\N @"9^<F=g2 :9=71C K
Y,7KP=G< D
{_2@@A,F2 _ =g2,5<>4:^<F=M2H:9=g@ D C2
= HN ;7
?
19Q<>_ \@9^<F=M2H:G9= C `2H^ _!2V,!2H4X9^<F=g2 :9=>D
P@A< X@APc;e2@ 2 "!$# % & #%(')%*&,+-% D7Q% & #%/.0%*&,+1%(2]";<v=M@ :94<r2'o19,@":G;<L 9N#^Pa:g2H:G,5942H_
V9 @ :U9H.&:;< @u1P2H=G<Z2 4 @u1P2H=G<X=G919:9^<F=M2H:,794@ D qC4 2,7:,594 " 7 ,7:Jt,5<F_!@bo2H_7P< @L,54:G;<Z@G2HN#<
=g2 4K<r2@:;<$9=,5K,542 _`K=M2't @F2 _5<7 ?;,g;,@V94o1<F4a,5<F4:.9=O,@A^_2FtU^P=^9 @ < @ D43 ;,5_7<:;a<b@A< V94
2Hâ^=9 l,5N2 :,594Z;2@$2#_2 =K<F=$=g2H4aK<U9H.^9 @@ ,7Q_5<Uo2H_7P< @Rz
7 2 4 ,74:G=9PIV< @$2#Q,2@O.9=&2H4R2HK 2H,54I@ :
:;a<b,2HK942 _<'K< @ D
]";<(` ? 2 ^_2V,2 4X9^<>=g2H:G9=;I2@2 _@ 9UQ<F<F4eP@ < e2@2H4e< K<&9^<F=M2H:9=FD]";< `? 2H^_!2V,!2H4X,!@ K,5o1<F4
Qt5
& 687:9<; 6# 7 =
. ; 6+ 7 2
; 6 ; 6
]";,!@T,@2 4Z9=G,5<F4:g2 :,594Z,54<F^<F4<F4:O<F=,7o2H:,7o1<$9^<F=g2 :9=FDLqC:g@,!@V=G<F:<r2H^^=G9 l,7N2H:G,594e,@TK,5o1<F4
2@".9_7_59 ?@
& 6 7 >#1'?+9@(EA7VB#C.dE)'?+5.D7 >#,@ EE '?+1.D7 >#1'F+G. EG1.D7VB#1'+H@ KHFI.S|J7 >#1'?+?2

E
B ,W po
] ;<eV94o19_5P:G,594SN2@ X.9=L:;a,@b9^<F=M2H:G9=L,@L@A;9 ?4,54Y,7KP=G< D D\yDRqC42X49,@At ^, :P=G< :G;<
" 7
h?
49,@ <$?,7_5_yâ=9P <b;,7K;<F= `2 ^_2V,2 4Xo2H_7P< @":G;2H4e:;<$< K< @VD
]";<F=G<b,@49#<Fl^_5,!V,5:{v_5:G<F=,74K@ :g2 K<L,74X:;a< @ <L< 2 =_7,5<F=9^<>=g2H:G9=M@VD$]";<Fte^<F= .9=N-?"<F_7_`,54R@At4j
:;a<F:,!T@GV<F4< @{2 4J,54:;<=< 2 _%@V<F4a< @?;<>=<:;<,7_5_7PN#,54I2H:,794&,@{V94:=G9_7_5< yD ]";<=G< @ P_7:,74K$< K<'@
DBI7 7 fC
2H=G<J:G;, :G;<F=G<V.9=G< y<Fl:=M2 :G;,54a,54Ke2H_7K9=,5:G;N@;2Fo1<L:9eQ<#2 ^^_5,7< yD T9 ?"<Fo1<F= `@ ,74V<L:G;<FtR2H=G< 7
V9N#^P:M2H:,7942 _5_7tRc;<'2H^:;<>t 2 =<e@ :G,5_5_3^9^P_!2H=L,74 ,74P@A:=Gt1K D {9N#N#94_5tZPI@ < N2@ S@ ,5n>< @x.9= B
:;a< @ <#9^<F=g2 :9=M@J2 =<~ S~X2 4[ 65 65 B
[DZ]";<Q,7KK<>=bN2@ a@O.9=U@ 9N#<J9 .:G;<#9^<>=g2H:G9=M@LF2H4Q<
7 ;7 DB (C
V9N#^P:G< yQPa: `:;<U=<'@ P_7:,54aK#< K< @$2H=<Uo1<F=GtX:;a, yD O2H=g2 _5,! | =<>^9=:M@:;I2HM MBJE F : LgqC:$,@9Qo,59PI@
.=9N :G;<"<Fl^<F=,7N#<F4:g@y:G;2H:K919JK=M2,7<F4:9^<F=M2H:9=g@NUP@ :`;2Fo1<3_2H=GK<F= 4<F,5K;Q9=;919#@A,5nF<'@ :G;2H4
35 ~ e~O A7
D NT4.9=:GP42H:G<F_5t :;a<_!2H=GK<F=4<>,5K;Q9=G;919Z@ ,7nF< @2H_!@ 9Ut,7<F_U:;,! 1<F={< K< @ (D P MB
Q R,!/#-TS % *,#$
1B
]";<F=G<2 =<2T4PNUQ<>=`9H.%< K<<F:<'V:9=g@`:;2 :{2H=G<Q2@A< b94@ 9N#< ,74b9H.%,5N 2HK<3@AP= . 2V<N#9<F_7,54KaD
]";< @A<N#<F:;a9@bP@ PI2H_5_7t ,54o19_7o1<U2H4 ,54,7:,2 _"^2 =g2 N#<F:<>=,5n'2H:,794R9H.$:G;<,5N2 K<#,74 :<>=N@$9H.OQ2@A,@

O ~~
.P4 :,594@".9_5_79 ?"< Qt#:G;<b<'@ :,7N2H:G,594p9 .{:;a<L2HN^_5,7:P<&2 4X^91@ ,7:,794X9 .3:;<&Q<'@ :v::G,54K@A:<FÎ@
< K<p.=G9N :G;<XÎ2H=g2 N#<F:G<F=g@ D=4<e9H.&:;a<X< 2 =_5,7< @ :U<Fla2HN#â_5< @$9H.&:;,!@N<F:;9?2@J:;< =<F?,7: e9
hE KF>7
9
9^<F=M2H:G9= /EF} F?;,g;$P@ <'2u1P2=M2H:G,{@ <F:z9H.aQ2@ ,@y.P4 :,594@VD ]";< =<F?,7:`9^<F=g2 :9=,@`V9N#N#94_5t
B T5
49 ?4X2@ :G;<&~ e~b9^<F=g2 :9=O?;,g;#?2@T,@ P@@A< #,54:;<$^=G<Fo,59PI@@ < V:G,594`D
C DBnE F C
2H=M2H_7, | yv:g@2UQ,5j VPQ,!^9_5t49N,2H_`:G9J:G;<b4a<F,5K;Q9=G;919Z9H. 2â,5l<F_CD 4:M@x9 .$:;a<p^9_5t49N#,!2H_ Df]";a<X 91< ,5<F4:g@.9=2XK,5o1<>4 ^,5l<F_
_59>2H:,794 F2 4 Q<#.9Pa4 QtfPI@ ,54aKf:G;<#_5<'2@ :GjC@Gu6PI2H=<#v:L:G9f:G;<#K=g2Ft _5<>o1<F_{4<F,5K;Q9=;9199 .:G;<
d
^,7l<F_ D K,5o1<F4^,5l<F_,@<'V_2 =< #2@2H4e< K<O^9,54:, . k, :;a<b@A< V94<F=,7o2H:,7o1<T,!@< u1P2 _`:9LnF<F=G9 7
@
2H4I k,7, :;<$:;a,5=g<>=,5o2 :,5o1<O,@"4<FK 2H:G,5o1<1D
C DB 2H=M2H_7, ZV94@ ,!<F=g@$:;<L.9_7_59 ?,54aKp^9_5t49N#,!2H_{,54 # 2 4K +Z?;,g; 2 =<U:;<=9 ? 2 4V9_7PN#4
V919=g,742H:G< @VD
7 > #1'?+ 9
. 6 # . /+G. /#6 . ?# +. /+$6 . ?# . /# 6?+ . /# +
6 . /+ 2 HWD5E>~
]";<$K=M2,7<F4:2H4K_5<7 7?,5:;^91@A,5:G,5o1< +6j 2Hl,@2 :>#1'?+9 8
'g8",!@"K,5o1<>4#Qt
@ ,74C9
6 ' H
W D5E |
6 6 . /6
V91@G9
2 HW D5E>[
6 6 . 6
Y9=32K,7o1<F4U,5=G< V:G,594&o1< V:G9= @ ,54$'gV9 @` :;a< v=M@ :{2 4#@A< V94IJ,7=< :,5942H_a<F=G,5o2H:G,5o1< @z2H=G<TK,5o1<F4
Qt#:;<.9_5_59 ?,74KL< u1P2H:G,594I@VD
7 >#1'?+ 9 ; 7# @ ,74 . ; 7+ 91@!$' HWD5Eo

; 67 ; 67
7 " >#1'?+ 9 ; # @A,54 6# .=; + V91@86$ . W ; # 6 7 + V9 @%@A,54&
2 HWD5E'Y
; 6 ; 6 ; ;
N@A,54K#:G;<VPQ,!^9_7t49N#,2 _{2Hâ^=9 l,5N2 :,594X9 .F7 K,7o1<F4XQtX< u1P2 :,594 WD5E>~ :G;<L<Fl^=<'@@ ,794@T.9=
:g2 4 7@A,54 7a2H4V9 @ 72 :F# 9 8
'?+ 9 8 7?;<>=<($,@:G;<K=g2,5<F4:2 4K_7<7F2H4Q<&V9N#^P:G< yDzhT9 ?
2Hâ^_5t,54KL:G;<L@APQ@A:,5:GP:,7949H.Wo2 =,!2HQ_7< @ #"* 9 ){@ ,74 7 + *9 ){V91@L,54:9L< u1P2 :,594,WD5E>~ 7 V7 B#-' + 3F2 4
Q<&c;2 4K<'p,54:9,7 +) 2@@ ;9 ?4XQ<F_79 ?H
7 +) -
9 , . , )'
. , )G., 6 ) 6 HWD5E/.
?;<F=G<
, 9 '
, 9 6 @A,54. V9 @$'
, 6 9 @ ,54 6 . @ ,74 91@! . V91@ 6 $'
, 9 @ ,54 . @ ,74 6 { V9 @!. @ ,74V9 @ 6 . 0 V9 @ $2
wT,lQy<>=<F4:,!2H:,794#:G;< 7 +) {?,5:;=G< @ ^< V::G91L
) ?"<$K<F:
7 0) 9 ,2 . W3, 6 ) . ~4,5) 6 ' HWD5E>}
7 " 0) 9 W3, 6 .go4,5I) ' HW DpW 8
7 "" 0) 9 o3, 2 HW DpW EK
~H| U

U ;

"" + ) 7 fo4, 7 , 7
o3,5) 7
Y=9N :G;<Z@A< V94 V94I,5:G,594 7 8 ?"<eK<F: 8 "9= 8 T2 4 .=G9N :;<v=g@A:
V94,5:G,594 7 " +) PW4,
9 6 . 9 8 ?"<K<F: % % D )
C MBIN W
]";<#N2 ,54R@A:<F^@$,54 O2H=g2 _5,! \@T<'K<<F:G< V:9=&2H=<K,5o1<>4f,74f:G;<Y,7KP=G< D\}De]";<JvI=g@ :r@ :G<F^
(
,54o19_7o1< @T:G;<V9N#^P:M2H:,794 9 . ' 6 ' ' 2 2 2 ' 0
PI@ ,54aKZ:;<#_7< 2@A:L@Gu6P2 =< @vI:FD 4V<U:;a< @L2H=G=< @A:,54aKb:9U49:<$:;2 :T:G;<&V9N^P:g2 :,7949H. @P@ ,74KJ_7< 2@A:@u1P2H=G< @F2H4Q<$o,7<F?"< 2@
B
:;a<b2 ^^_7,F2 :,594X9 .{N2@ @":G9J:G;<$,5N2 K<1 D 3R<b?,7_5_ @ ;9 ? :;2 :TQtV94@ ,!<F=G,54KU2#@A,5N#â_5<OF2@A<b9H.2
C 7
v=M@ :9=g<F=^9_7t49N#,2 _CD 9H?3<Fo1<F= :;<&^=9V<'@@F2 4Z< 2@A,5_7t#Q<L<Fl:G<F4<' :G9VPQa,9=$2 4t;,7K;<>=
9=M<F=^9_7t4a9N#,!2H_@ D
{94@A,<>=2v=M@ :9=M<F=^9_7t49N#,2 >_
7VB#-' + 9*
. 6 #. + 2 HWDpW W
3R<X?2 4:U:9 V9N#âP:<
' 6 ' P@ ,74K _5<'2@ :@u1P2 =< @bv:FD 3f<e?,5_7_V94@A,<>=#2 ~ ~f?,749 ? L5
?
2H=G9P4I <'2g; ^,5l<F_{,54S:;<#,7N2HK<1D y<F:LP@$4PaNJQ<F=$^,7l<F_!@,54 :G;<J?,749 ? 2@L@ ;a9H?4,74 Y,7KP=G<
W '7
D `2 4Z2@G@ PN<:G;<L9=G,5K,54X:G9#Q<L2 ::;<rV<F4:<F=>D]";<F=< .9=< :G;<b_79F2H_ V919=M,54I2H:<'@T9H. >#1'?+ 39H. A7
:W '
< 2c;^,7l<F_ 2H=G<b@A;9 ?4Z,54eY,7KP=G< D D"qk.z?"<&@APQ@ :G,5:GP:<&:;< >#1'?+ { 919=g,542 :< @T9 .{2L^,7l<F_ 2H4,5:M@ _
7
V9==<'@ ^94,54KLK=g2FtJ_7<Fo1<F_,74#:;a<$2HQ9 o1<< u1P2H:G,594 ?3<K<F:394<O< u6PI2H:,794`D{Y9="4,74<@APg;#^,5l<F_!@W,74
2U@ N2 _5_4<F,7K;Q9=;919X?3<$?,5_5_%K<F:4,74<< u1P2H:G,594@T2@ .9_5_79H?/@
7E9
. 6 #. /+' HWDpW~
7W
9
. 6# 6 . /+ 6 ' HW Dp W |
D DD
7y} 9 . 6 #!. /+ 2 HWDpW[
HW DpW o
]";,!@@ ta@ :<>N 9H.{<'u6P2 :,794@F2 4XQ<$?=,7::<>4X2@
7E # +

7W

E
#6 +6

HWDpW3'Y

DD

9 E
DD

6 '

D
7}
y

E
D
# +

7 9 2 HWDpW.
7
hT9 ? o1< V:G9= #>2H4XQ<&V9N#^P:G< JP@A,54KU:;<$^@A<FP9L,74o1<>=g@ <ON#<F:;a9#2@".9_7_59 ?@
7 9 ' HWDpW}

7 9 ' HW D\~8

O ~[
f
-1,1 0,1 1,1
-1,0 0,0 1,0
-1,-1 0,-1 1,-1
f1 f2 f3 b 11 b 12 b 13
K1 f4 f5 f6 b 14 b 15 b 16
f7 f8 f9 b 17 b 18 b 19
LW ' N
Y,7KP=G< D JeY2V<F:V94o19_5P:G,594 D .9=#2Z^,7l<F_ 2H: ,!@LV9N^P:<' Qt2 ^^_5t,54aK 2ZN2@ B
T5

C<F:<F=GN#,54a< r.=G9N :G;<v=g@A:T=G9 ?m9 .{N2H:G=,7l {:92L~ e~b4<>,5K;Q9=G;919X9H.{,7N2HK<1D
?;<F=G< 9q 35
,!@2J~ e}LN2H:G=,7lyDz]";<r2HQ9 o1<b@At@A:<FN F2 4XQ<$?=,5:G:<F4e2@
7zE
7IW

7%~
$ 6 $0 $0 0 $ $0 $0

7|

E

W HWD\~EK

7%[
9 2
##6 %6 66 %6 %6 ##6 #6 %#6 %6 %6 7Io ~

'

7

7 .
7%}
h 9 ?
T 7 ' 6 'z2H4I U>2H4 Q<eV9N^P:<' .=G9N :;<2HQ9 o1<< u6PI2H:,794 QtZP@A,54KRV94o19_5P:G,594`DXY9=
!7 ,@"K,7o1<F4#Qt5
<Fla2HN#â_5<
9 . 6 7W . $0/7y~ . $0/7|. 87y[. 0?7o. 7 ' . $0?7 . . $0 7y}
' HWD\~ W
$ 87E
?;,!c;,@ 94o19_5Pa:,5941
9 7 '
?;<F=G<7 ,@":;a<xvI=g@ :=9 ?d9H.{N 2H:=G,5l D{]";,!@@ ;9 ?4e,54eY,5KP=< WD '1D

]";<V94o19_5P:G,594fN2@ Ba@T.9= 6 @b2H=G<#K,7o1<F4R,54SY,5KP=< WD .DX]";<N#9:G,5o2H:G,594RQ<F;,74 :G;<#P@A<

9H.2r. 2V<F:N#9<>_y?2@ :G9#2c;a,5<Fo1<O2H4 2H42 _5t:,>2H_`<Fl^=<'@@ ,794?;,!c;e< @GV=,7Q<:G;<$K=M2't_7<Fo1<F_.P4Vj

:,794R2 =9Pa4 2J^,7l<>_,74Z:;<UV94:G,54P9PI@9N 2H,54 Db]";<U<Vv4,7:,594@T9 ."Î2H=:G,2 _"<F=,7o2 :,7o1< @",54Z:G;<
V94:G,54P9P@39N 2H,54U>2H4#Q<$2 ^^_5,7< L,54U9=g<F=":G9L<F:G< V:3,!@V94:G,54P,5:G,5< @,74J:G;<K=g2FtU_5<Fo1<>_,5N2 K< @ D
Yo
~ U

U ;

jGEF~ W ' W jE>~ ~ E j[ jGE ' j[ ~ E
W' E' WYW E ' W
W W W4' WYW '
j||
8
>oYW j>o . j>oYW
j
8 8 8
j||
8
W E' WYW E ' W 6 || oYW o . oYW ||
jGEF~ W ' W jE>~ j ~E [ E ' [ j ~E
6
~E j|| 8 || j ~E W W W W W | W 8 >W
j jk|
' >j>oYo W.
jGE
j[ j 8
8
oYW
o. E
[
' 0 >j W j>W j>W j>W jHW 8 8E
jGE jGE jGE jGE jE W 8
8
jGE
8
HW
j
8
6 j>oYW j[ 8 oYW [ jGE jGE jGE jGE jE j>W jGE 8 E W
~E j|| 8 || j ~E W W W W W j| j>W 8 W |

W jE HW
j jGE W jGE jGE jGE>W jGE jE j| j 8 W |
0 WW j E
j E
jHW
jHW
Gj E
Gj E
W
W W8 W8 W8 W8 W8 |W WE 8
8
jGE jHW
j>W jk|
W j E jHW Gj E W j>W j>W j>W j>W jHW W E 8 jGE jHW
W j E jHW Gj E W E E E E E j| j>W 8 W |

j| W | W jk| jGE W 8 HW
j E
0 >8 W j
8
E W
8 8
E HW
j
8
Gj E
Gj E
W
W
8
8
jHW
jHW
E
E
W Gj E j>W j E W Gj E W 8 jHW E
| >W
j j| HW
j | Gj E W 8 jHW E

:W . 1C MBIN B
Y,7KP=G< D $ 2H=M2H_5,! \@{N2@ @.9=OV9N^P:,74K 6@VD
EDY,74 ' 6 ' ' 2 2 2 ' 0P@A,54KU_5< 2@ :@Gu6P2 =<v:79=N2@B@{K,5o1<>4p,74eY,5KP=<WD .D
WD{9N#^P:G< $ '@ ,74
'V9 @! D
~D{9N#^P:G< , 6 ', D
|Dqk.2, 8J2 4 % % ) :;<F4:G;2H:^9,54:,@2 4X< K<$^9,54:FD

W ,C
Y,7KP=G< D\}${]";<&@ :G<F^@,54 2H=M2H_7, @ {K<LwT<>:< V:G9=>D DBN

11 0O.$ O1 O 4'
~
2 kQ
W L
Y ,7KP=G< D7EF8
2 gD ]";<#Q9:G:_5<U,5N 2HK< D kQ MDZ]";<U< K<N2H^Z.=9N
C DB
:G;< 2 =g2H_7, X< K<<>:< V:G9=
) 7
?,5:G; 9d$8 2 | 2 4 F90@&EE2 1D , '
O
ED <F4<>=g2H:G<&2N2@ L.9= B ?VO ,W
.9=2LK,7o1<F4ZP@ ,74KJ<'u6P2 :,794 D~H|D
WD d B
â^_5t#N 2@ U:9U:;a<,7N2HK<1D
~DwT<>:< V:<>=9V=G91@@A,54K @VD
C26=F2 4e2H_594KU< 2g;=9 ?7=< 9=
2 4X< K<$^9,54:2H::;<$_79F2H:G,5949 .{nF<F=G9V=9 @@ ,74KD
kQI# =<>^<'2H:@ :G<F^nC 2 2 _594aKJ< 2c;eV9_5PN4`D
Y,7KP=G<W D7EEE1= :G<F^@,54 ?VO 9^<>=g2H:G9=>D
]";<$=< @AP_5:M@"9Q:M2H,74< .=G9N :G;,@"< K< :G< V:9=2H=G<L@ ;a9H?4e,54Yz,5KPa=< W D7EF8D
J b@;(/0(2 %(' \^ L..0!2 `cb #]1-.%(]

]";< ` ? 2H^_!2V,!2H4X9 .OO 2HP@G@ ,!2H4 H?VO" < K<&9^<F=g2 :9=;y7 ^=G9^91@A< XQtZ2H=G=2 4 6TC ,7_ =G<F:;J/E EF~ 7 .7È |FH7
;2@Q<F<F4R?, <>_5tZP@A< yD]";,!@x9^<F=g2 :9=L;I2@Q<F<>4fP@A< .9=,7N2HK<U@ <FKN#<F4:g2 :,594 2@?3<F_5_{2@x.9=
,5N 2HK<3N2H:c;a,54KT.9={^2@G@ ,5o1<@A:<F=G<F9D"=G,5<ItH7 :G;,@9^<>=g2H:G9=3;2@:;a< .9_5_59 ?,74K^=G9^<F=:G,5< @/qC:{P@ <'@
:;a<3O O 2HP@G@ ,!2H4Xv_7:<F=".9=T49,@A<b<F_7,5N#,742H:G,594 D d @A,5N#â_5< <F:<V:,794e@g;<FN#<O,@P@ < %D1= ,54V<$_59 F2 :,54aK
:;a<p<>l:G=<FN2#9 ..P4V:G,594@b?;,g; 2H=G<!2H:U,@b49:#2Z@A,5N#^_7<J:M2@B" 7 :G;<< K<p^9,54:g@U2H=<_79 F2H:G<
Qt" <F:<V:,74KnF<F=9 =91@G@ ,74K1@$,54 :G;<` ? 2 ^_2#V,2 49H.:;a<J,74:G<F4@ ,7:Atp.P4 :,594 7 =M2H:G;<F=$:;2 4_59 F2 :,54aK
<Fl:=G<FN2J,74f:G;<Jv=M@ :bÎ2H=:G,2 _$ <F=G,5o2H:G,5o1<1DYP=:G;<F=;z 7 :;,!@9^<F=g2 :9= 91<'@49:b=<'u6P,7=<2H4 <>l^_7,V,7:
:;a=< @A;9_% ,54K z7 2H4 Z:;<>=<L,@O2 ^9 @@ ,7Q,5_7,5:AtX9 .<Fl:=M2V:G,54K< K<'@ .=9N& ,m%Q <F=G<F4:x@ ^2 :,2 _.=<'u6P<>4Vt
=g2 4K<'@b9H.O:;<,5N 2HK< DZY,54I2H_5_7t 7 :G;<#=G< @ ^94I@ <X9 .:G;,@$9^<F=M2H:9=J=G< @ <>NJQ_7< @T:G;<=< @A^94@ <9 .:G;<
V<F4:<>=j @ P=G=9Pa4 V<F_5_!@W.9P4 p,74Q,59_59K,F2 _ò,!@ ,794@At@A:<FN@ D
~ . U

U ;

W ;W h O h I O
Y,7KP=G< D7E
C2 E jCw 2 P@@A,2 4 Iv _5:<>="?,5:G;:9 ED kQ EVj w O2HP@G@ ,2 4pv_7:<F=3?,5:G; 9 D E jCw PW K
OO2HP@G@ ,!2H4Xv_7:<F=3?,5:; 9 | D =
O
< V94 pw<F=,7o2 :,7o1<9H. O2HP@G@ ,2 4 ?,5:; 9 ED 7 7
]";<2 42H_7t:G,F2 _<>l^=G< @@A,594@9H.:;a<J9^<>=g2H:G9=L,74f94<2H4 f:A?"9 ,5N#<F4I@ ,594@2 =<UK,5o1<>4f,74f:G;<
.9_7_59 ?,54aKD
># 9 GE @ # 6 6

' HWD\~~
&,6 B #-' + 9 . ; 6+ 9
>W@ # 6 . + 6
; #6 = ' HW D\~ |
; 6 ; 6 6

?;<F=G< f,!@L2 NUP_7:,5â_5, F2H:G,5o< V94@A:g2 4:U?;,g; 91<'@49: <F^<F4 94 > #1'?+gD
3R<@A;9 ? :;<RE jCw
hO DW W W Y7
^=G9Hv_7<b9H. O2HPI@@ ,!2H4Z.9= 9 EE' $'g~#,54 Y,5KP=< D5E D2Hj `2H4 X:;<r@ <V94 <F=G,5o2H:G,5o1<$9H. O2HPI@@ ,!2H4 hO
W ;W W
,54 Y,5KP=< D7E D yD3R<$@ ;9 ? :G;< Hj w ^=9 v_5<O9H. O2HP@G@ ,!2H4e2H4 1O ?VO
.9= 9 E)' =G< @ ^< :,5o1<>_5tb,74J,74 DW
W 7 6W W
Y,7KP=G< @ D7EF~D2 Q y2 4 D5E yD
qC4#:;,!@"< K< <F:G< V:,794@ c;a<FN#<:;a<,7N2HK<T,!@ V94o19_5o1< L?,5:G; ,?VO
9^<F=M2H:G9=v=g@A:FD{]";<F4nF<>=9j
V=G91@@A,54K @ ,74#:;a< 94o19_5o1< ,7N2HK< ?;%, c! 7
; V9=G=< @A^94 p:G9L:;<$< K< @",74p:G;<,7N2HK< 2 =< <F:G<V:< yD 7

11 0O.$ O1 O ~}

(W W jCw OO2HPI@@ ,!2H4Xv_7:<F=?,7:;

Y ,7KP=G< D7EF~$ C2 9 $
WHj w OO2HP@G@ ,!2H4Xv_7:<F=?,7:;
ED Q 9 WD K?VO

?VO?,5:G; 9PWD
?,5:G; :9 ED
|18 U

U ;

2 kQ
W C2gD{]";<Q9::G_5<,5N2 K<1D1QgD ]";<T< K<N2H^b.=G9N :G;<?`2 ^_2#V,2 4#9H."OO2HP@G@ ,2 4< K<
Y,7KP=G< D5EV|
<F:G< V:G9=FD
7 7
] ;<F=G<$2H=G< .9P=^91@G@ ,5Qa_5< F2@ < @{9H.znF<>=9=V=9 @@A,54K @ . ' @ . 'g8$' @ @'/. 2 4 @'g8$'.1DqC4
" 7
KB A7
9= <F=:G9e2'o19, X?3< 2 enF<F=9 =91@G@ ,74K1@ P<L:G9#49,@ < 2U:;=G< @ ;9_ Z,@2 ^^_7,5< :9:;<U@A_59^<L9 .nF<>=9j
V=G91@@A,54K @VD3]";<$@A_59^<$9H. nF<F=G9 V=9 @@A,54K ! ' @ T,!@%*! . )%\D{]";a<b2 _5K9=,7:;N .9=:G;< ?VO
9^<F=g2 :9=T,!@
W
@ PaN#N2H=G,5nF< b,54Y,7KP=G< D7EED"]";<O=< @AP_5:M@9Qa:g2H,74< #QtJ:G;,@"9^<>=g2H:G9=O2H=G<$@ ;9 ?4,54eY,7KP=G< D7EV|aD W
]1%(b # ] -10#$ %(' \ L..0!2

]";<_ O 2 P@@A,2 4Z;2@4, <â=9^<F=G:,7< @@ Pg;Z2@T@ F2H_7,54K 7@ <FÎ2H=g2 Q,5_7,5:At7a2H4 Z@AtN#N<F:=Gtb?;,%c; F2 4XQ<
<Fl^_59,5:G< ,74L9=
<F=:9$9Q:g2 ,542H4L<!V,5<>4:z,5N#â_5<FNU<F41:g2 :,794`D`qC4L:G;,@@A<V:G,594r7 ?"<?,7_5_ ,@ VP@@z:;< @A<
^=G9^<F=:G,5< @ D

O .7 7 O
]";< O2HPI@@ ,!2H4U9H.%@A:g2 4 2H= <Fo,!2H:G,594 ?;<F4 94o19_5o1< T?,5:G;L,5:g@A<F_ . t,5<F_% @`2T_2 =K<F= O2HP@G@ ,!2H4U9H.
W R7 3O
@ :M2H4 a2H=
<Fo,2 :,594 D]";2 :T,!@ ,/. 2H4,5N 2HK<;2@"Q<><F4#v_5:G<F=< L?,5:G;e2 2 P@@A,2 4Z2H:2 <F=:M2H,54
!O
@ â=< #2 2H4 ,/.":G;<U@2 N#<L,5N 2HK<&NJPI@ :Q<Lv_7:<F=G< p?,7:;S2J_2 =K<>= O2 P@@A,2H4S?,5:;R@A^=<'2 W .7
7 O 7
:;a<F4 ,74@ :G< 2 #9 .`v_5:G<F=,74Kb:G;<,5N 2HK<O?,5:;:;<_!2H=GK<F= O2HPI@@ ,!2H4 :G;<^=G<Fo,59PI@"=< @AP_5: F2H4API@ :Q<
v_7:<F=G< X?,5:G;f:G;<U@2 N#<bv_5:G<F=9 .@ â=< #2 :99Q:M2H,74f:G;<J,7N2HK<v_7:<F=G< X?,5:G; DL]";P@ `:G;< W R7
,O W
:9:g2 _4PNUQ<>="9H.W9^<F=g2 :,794@ .9= vI_5:<>=,54aKJ:G;<$,5N2 K<$Qt 2 P@@A,2 4Z9H. 2 4 f?,5_7_`Q<&< u1P2H_
fW 1C ;7 7
:9 D T9 ?"<Fo1<>= 1?,5:G;9P:O@ >2H_5,74K :;<&4PaNJQ<F={9H.W9^<F=g2 :,794@?,5_7_`2Hâ^=9 l,5N2 :<F_7tLQ<&< u1P2H_`:G9
W
2 B
| D#]";,!@^=G9 P V< @&2X@A,5K4a, v F2 4:$=G2H_5<>jC@A^2 V<U?;<F=G<
9^<F=M2H:G9=g@9H. NJP_7:,7^_5<@A,5nF< @2 =<&2Hâ^_5,7< #:9U:;<&@2 N#<,7N2HK<1D
]";<e@ F2 _5,74KX^=G9^<F=G: tS2H_!@ 9Z;9_ @b,74 :A?"" ,C ;7
9 ,7N#<F4@A,594@VD T9 ?"<Fo1<>= `:;< @ < V94 <F=G,5o2H:G,5o1<U9H.
O ? O
O2HP@G@ ,!2H4X,74#94a< ,5N#<F4I@ ,594#2 4 #:;< `2 ^_#2 V,2 4p9 . O2 P@@A,2H4e,54#:A?39 ,5N#<>4@ ,794 @ 9L49:T^9 @@ <'@@

:41n 0
O.$ |E
8Q
:;a,@@ F2H_7,54K#â=9^<F=G:At1D$qC:,@T^9 @@ ,7Q_5<L:G9#9Qa:g2H,74f:G;<b< y<V:9H. 2 ^^_5t,54aK#Q,5KK<F=O9^<F=g2 :9=g@Qt=<Fj
^< 2H:G< _7tX2 ^^_7t,74K#:;a<U@ N2 _5_5<>=9^<F=g2 :9=g@:9#:G;<L,5N 2HK< DY,7=g@ :O2Hâ^_5te:;<r@ <V94 " <F=,7o2H:,7o1<$9H.
O
:;a< 2 P@@A,2 4f9^<>=g2H:G9=$9H. @A,5nF < :9#:G;<b,7N2HK<L2 4 X:;<>4R2H^^_7t:;< O2HPI@@ ,!2H4R9H. @ ,7nF<R:9#:G;< O
9Pa:^P:>D"]";a<=< @AP_5:3?,5_7_Q<<'u6P,7o2H_5<>4:{:9L:G;<9P:^Pa:9Q:M2H,54a< JQt#2 ^^_5t,54aKb:;a<b@A< V94 <F=G,5o2Hj
O
:,7o1<L9H.:G;< O2 P@@A,2H49^<>=g2H:G9=L9 .@ ,7nF< , W
D 3f<@A:g2 :<2H4 ^=G9Ho1<L:G;<L.9_5_79 ?,54Ke^=9^9 @ ,7:,594@

O
=<>_2H:G< #:9L:G;<&@ F2 _5,54aKL^=9^<>=:At9H. 2 P@@A,2 4`D

"! #$% '& B# )(*+,-./0 1+, 32/465 87%-019:#+, ;)( + 5 <
! #$% >=?@+ 5 @+ %9 (BACD%9:EB-1+ 5 F! #1% G 'H 6 & GI=?@+ 5 +,-J"0 1+, W2
KMLON
& > # & > # 9 PRQ HWD\~[

S S TU
Q
HW D\~ o

9 P"Q

S S TU
Q
9 P"Q W
V
V
X

TU HW D\~3'Y
Q
HW D\~.
9 Y
X
H 6 & B# 9 Z Y HW D\~}

\[] *^J7%-_à 01+, 0E )(b! #$% dc ># )(I+e-J0 1+, ! -
f! #$% dg B# )(+,-."`0 1+e C2"465 /7%-019h#+, i)(/+ 5 ./+e=?j(#'-7a+, k`J#9l+ B
mJ7%-n 01+, 0E/)(k! #$% & 6 H c po g B# )(^+,-J"0 1+, ! 6 . 6 2

KMLON
"t <VvI4,5:G,594?"<$;2Fo1<J
& 6 c ># g >#9)GE @ #! 6 c ># g >#?2 HWD | 8

6

]z2KB,54KU:;<&Y9Pa=,5<>=":=M2H4@C.9=GN 9 .{:;a<=G,5K;:;2 4 @ ,% <$?"<$K<F:
GE @ #! 66 c ># g >#rqFs W Y etvu 6 <Fl^ w yx .|z { 2 W Y <>l^6w Kx J~} { '
HWD |aEK
qFs W Y W Y et u 6 <Fl^w x H z } { ?2 HWD |AW

hT9 ?7:g2GB,74KL:;a<,74o1<>=g@ <xYI9P=,7<F=":G=g2 4@s.9=N-9H.{:G;<$=,7K;:";2 4 X@A, <$?"<$K<F:
GE @ #! 66 c ># g ># 9 W Y E @ ! 6 # . 6 6 6 H c o g >#?'

HWD | ~
c >
# g ># 9 W Y H c o g ># 2@Z
HWD ||
3 ;<F4 ! 9 9 .7:;<$=G< @ P_7:?,5_7_`Q<$:G;<L@A<V94 <F=,7o2 :,7o1<9H.OO2 P@@A,2H4Z9^<F=g2 :9=O9H.3@A^=< 2#
W#D

W
| U

U ;

qC:G<F=g2 :,594@ ! 9 Y7
E 9 E ! 9 Y7 9 WE ! 9 Y7 49
E ~ ! 9PW7 49d~
W pW po

E ED | D ~ D5E ~ D
W ED ' ~D\8 |D\~ |aD '
~ W
D\8 po
~D [D\~ [D po
| W pW
D |aD5E o
D\8 o D\~
[ W
D | po
|aD o.
D ' D\8
o D W po [D\8 '
1D | ' po
D
' W.
D [D | .
D\8 . pW
D
. ~D\8 [D ' .
D\[ .' D
} ~D5E o D\8 }D\8 }D pW
E>8 ~D\~ o D | }D\[ }D '
E E ~D\[ o' D E>8D8 EF8D pW
W =
Y,7KP=G< D5E>[
1P < @@A,5o1<^<F=g2 :9= 1,7nF< @ D $=
qC:<F=M2H:G,594I@ ! 9 Y7 9
W 2 W
E ! 9 E 7 O9d~
2[
W

E [
W ~ o
~ | '
| .
[ }
o >E 8
Y,7KP=G< D5E W o
=1P < @@A,5o1<^<F=g2 :9=$=1,7nF< @ D
7
Cq 4#2$^2H=G:, P_2 =,7N#^_7<FNJ<>4:M2H:,794 Fo2 _5P< @{9H.-!L2H4 F2 4JQ< g;91@A<F4@ 9L2@:G9L@ Pa,5:{:;<=<'u6P,7=<
=g2 4K<U9H. o2H_5Pa< @9H.3:;<U9^<F=M2H:G9=FDU]";<Uo2H_7P<L9H. ,@,7N#^9=:M2H4: `@A,54 <b:;a<#@APV< @G@ ,7o1<b9^<F=M2H:G9= ;7
@ ,7nF< @ <F^<F4 X94R,5:>DLqC4Z9= <F=$:9#K,5o1<L:G;<L=< #2 <F=$2 4f,% < 2#2 Q9P:&;9 ? :;a<U@ ,5n><L9H.:G;<L9^<F=M2H:G9=
7
,54 V=< 2@ < @ <F^<F4 ,54K&94:;<O,54,7:,2 _o2H_7P< @"9H. !U2H4 1?"<;I2'o1<:g2 QP_!2H:< p2.<F? F2@ < @",74#Y,7KP=G<
WD7EF[D
_W ;o7
qC4RY,5KP=< D5E ?3<U@ ;9 ? 94<U9H.3:;<U^91@G@ ,5Qa_5<U@ g;<FN< @ .9=&2 g;,5<Fo,54aKJ:G;<L9^<F=M2H:9=L@A,5nF< @9H.
W 7
:;a<b=g2 4K<
'g$~ 'I| 'M
[ ' 2 2 2 '>EF8DqC4X:G;,@@ c;a<FN#< ?"<$;2Fo1<$P@ < :A?"9@ <F:M@ 9 .",74,5:G,2 _yo2H_7P< @9H. !#2H4 FD
]";<TvI=g@ :.9P=@A,5nF< @9 .z:;<9^<F=M2H:9=2H=G<$2 g;,5<>o1< bQtLPI@ ,54aKb:;a<To2H_7P< @.=9N :G;<O@ < V94 V9_5PN4 7
?;,7_5<:G;<$=<FN2 ,54,74KL@A,5nF<'@2H=<$9Q:g2 ,54< J.=G9N-:;<$:G;,5= 9_5PaN#4`D

d O
A: ?39j ,5N#<>4@ ,7942 _ O2HP@G@ ,!2H4 v_5:G<F= F2H4 Q< @ <F^2 =g2 :< ,74:G9f:A?"9R94a<Fj ,5N#<F4I@ ,5942H_ O2 P@@A,2H4I@ O R7
94a<R2H_594K :G;< # ,5=G<V:G,594 2 4 :G;<X9:;<>=2H_794K :G;< + ,5=G<V:G,594 Dm]";a<F=<V.9=< 3:;< O2HPI@@ ,!2H4 7 O
v_7:<F= F2H4Q<L2 ^^_5,7< J:G9U2H4X,7N2HK<TQtJv=M@ : V94o19_5o,54K&?,5:G;X2b94<Fj ,5N<F4@ ,7942 _ O2HPI@@ ,!2H4 2H_594K VO
< #2 c;=9 ? 2 4 X:;a<F4 V94o19_7o,74KL:;<&=< @AP_5:2 K12 ,54Z?,5:G;e294<Fj ,5N#<>4@ ,7942 _ 2 P@@A,2 4R2H_594K#< 2#c; .O

V9_5PN#4 C2@J@A;9 ?4,54 Y,5KP=< D5E DQ gD { TW /.
2 g;94<>j ,7N#<F4@A,5942H_ V94o19_7P:,794 ?,7:;2 49^<F=M2H:G9=
9H. â,5l<F_@=< u1P,7=< F C 7
@ NUP_5:G,5^_7, >2H:,794@"^<F=O^,5l<F_CD T<F4 V< : ?39#94a<Fj ,5N#<F4I@ ,5942H_ V94o19_7P:,794@
W R7
=<'u6P,7=< E NJP_7:,7^_5, F2 :,594@ ?;a, g;X,@O2#@ ,7K4,/v F2H4:,7N#^=9 o1<FNU<F4:"9 o1<F=:;, < 6 NUP_7:,5â_5, 2H:G,594@

:41n 0
O.$ |1~
4<F< < J.9=O2:A?39j ,5N#<>4@ ,7942 _ V94o19_5P:G,594 D4NT4.9=:GP42 :<F_7t :;< 7 ?VO
9^<F=M2H:9=,@49:@A<F^2H=M2HQ_7<
,54:9U:A?"9@ ,74K_7 87 (?
< ,7N#<F4@A,594I2H_`9^<F=M2H:G9=g@ `Q<F2HP@A<b:G;< `2 ^_2#V,2 4Z,@T49:@A<F^2 =g2HQa_5< y<>o1<F4:;9PK; 7
O
:;a< 2 P@@A,2 4 ,@ D 3R<LK,7o1<U2H4S2H_7K9=G,5:G;N :9 < 9N#^91@A<L:;<L:A?39j ,5N#<>4@ ,7942 _ V94o19_5P:G,594 .?VO
,54:9Z.9Pa=#94<>j ,7N#<F4@A,5942H_ V94o19_7P:,794@ Dm]";a,@#@ c;<>N#<#=<'u6P,7=< @b| NJPa_5:,7^_5%, V2 :,794@ DY9= 2
7
_2 =K< 3J| NJP_7:,7^_5, F2 :,594@b2 =<Z_7< @@L:;2 0 4 6 NUP_7:,5â_5, F2H:G,594@VD ]";a<F=<V.9=< 3:;<Z4PNUQ<>=L9H. 7
NUP_5:G,5^_7, 2H:,794@",!@@ ,7K4,/v F2 4:G_5tX=G+ B#r . >+ ;# >#?2 HWD | [
; 6 ; 6

K-L%N
]";<&2HQ9 o1<F2 4Q<&@A;9 ?4X< 2@ ,5_7t#Qt#P@ ,74KUY9P=G,5<F=]`=g2 4@s.9=N-:;a<F9=Gt1D y<F: 1?
># qFs
vu?'
:=
<F4a9:<U2YI9P=,7<F=O] =M2H4@C.9=N Î2H,5=>D 1,54V<b:G;<b:A?"9:<F=GN@",54Z< u1P2 :,594 D |1[2 =<U@ tN#N#<>:=, T,74 # LW
7
2H4 + _5<F:P@ 9N#^Pa:<$:;<bvI=g@ :O:<F=GN 94_7t1D$]";<r@ <V94 X:<>=N F2H4ZQ<$.9P4 X.=9N-:;<bv=M@ :Qt
=<>^_2#V ,54K,#?,5:G; +#2 4 +J?,7:; # D @G@ PN#<O:;2 : vu d
R

2H4 vu 6 32H=G<b:;a<bY9P=,7<F=:=M2H4@C.9=N @
O
9H. O2HP@G@ ,2 4@ B# 2 4 >+ T=G< @ ^< :,5o1<>_5t1D " teP@ ,74K:;< V 94o19_5P:G,594Z^=9^<>=:AtZ9H. :;<Y9P=G,5<F=
:=M2H4@C.9=GN ?3< F 2H4?=,7:<J
># ;+ B+ qRs
vu RF2 8@^tvu 6 6
vu 6 ?' HWD |Ao
; 6

q s
R
vu 'pu 6 F2 @^t u 6 6 ' HW D | 'Y
q s
R 8@^tvu 6 6 2 :
u ')u 6 ?' HW D | .
?;<F=G< 7

vu ')u 6 ,!@T:;a<UYI9P=,7<F=$]`=g2 4@s.9=N 9H. O2HP@G@ ,2 4 O B#1'?+ MDbh9H?7%Qte:g2KB,54aKp:G;<L,54o1<F=M@ <
Y9P=G,5<F=]`=g2 4@s.9=N-9H. :;a<=G,5K;:;2 4 X@A, <$?3<K<F:
>#1'?+ qFs @8tvu 6 6 2

u ')u 6 2
;+
; 6
"tV9N#^2 =,54aKb^2 ,5=g@WD | .J2 4 6WD5EEDpL W ?"<$;2Fo1<7
> # ; + B + 9 ; + >#1'?+?2
; 6 ; 6

=1,7N#,5_!2H=_7t7Qt#=<>^_2#V,54KC#pQtM+ 7 2H4 +JQtM#p,74:;<&2HQ9 o1<$< u1P2H:G,594?3<;I2'o1<

> + ; # > # 9 ; # B #-' + 2
6 6

; ;
Y,742H_7_5t@ PN#N,54K$:;a<b2 Q9Ho1<$:A?"9L<'u6P2 :,794?"<$K<>:
># >+5. B+ ; # 6 >#9 ; + 6 >#1'?+1. ; # 6 >#1'?+9 & 6 B#-' + 2
;+
; 6

; ; ;
3 ;,%c;#,!@"<Fla2V:G_5tU< u6PI2H:,794eWD | [D Z
3f< >2H4S@ PN#N 2H=,7nF<:G;<U2H_7K9=G,5:G;N .9=:G;< < 9N#^91@A,5:G,594e9H. :;<L9^<>=g2H:G9=$,54RYz,5KPa=<_WD7E ' D
<<V.<F=":G9#Yz,5KPa=< W D7E .D2r.9=2Qa_59 DB ,2 K=M2HNZD
|| U

U ;

(O
ED{94o19_5o1<:;<,7N2HK<p?,7:; 2R@ <V94 <F=,7o2 :,7o1<#9H. O2 P@@A,2H4 N 2@ B B+ &2H_594K < 2#c;

V9_5PN4`D
WD{94o19_5o1<:;a<T=G< @ P_7:g2 4:{,5N 2H K<".=G9Ni@A:<F^,EGQtU2 OO2 P@@A,2H4N2@ Bf > # 2 _594Kb< 2#c;U=9 ?$D
32 _5_`:;a<=G< @ Pa_5:g2 4:,7N2HK< D

~D{94o19_5o1<:G;<$9=,7K,742H_`,7N2HK<?,5:G;X2OO2HP@G@ ,!2H4ZN2@ B, >+[3 2 _594KJ<'2g; 9_5PaN#4`D

|D{94o19_5o1<b:G;<L=<'@ P_7:g2H4:,7N2HK<.=9N @ :G<F^ C~TQte2@ <V94 " <F=,7o2H:,7o1<$9H.O O 2 P@@A,2H4RN2@ B
> #[3 2 _594aKJ< 2#c;=G9H?$D 32H_7_`:;<$=G< @ P_7:g2 4:3,5N2 K< D

[D d 2H4
D
Yz,5KPa=< W D7E 'J3wT< 9N#^91@A,5:G,5949H.

?VO 9^<>=g2H:G9=,54:9b.9P=T94< ,5N<F4@ ,7942 _ V94o19_5P:G,594@VD
gyy(y) g(x) 2
g(x,y) * I(x,y)
I(x,y)
+
Image
g(y) gxx(x)
(a)
I(x,y) * g(x,y)
I(x,y)
g(x) g(y)
Image
W . = UW ?VO
(b)
Y,7KP=G< D5E $ 1<F^2 =g2HQa,5_5,7:At1D C2 Hj w V94o19_5P:G,594R?,5:G; F2H4RQ< < 9N#^91@A< Z,54:9#.9P=UE jCw
IW O
V94o19_5P:G,594I@VD kQ jCw V94o19_7P:,794?,5:G; O2 P@@A,2H4">2H4Q< < 9N#^91@A< J,74:G9L: ?39XE jCw V94o19_7Pj
:,794@ D

$ _
O |1[

O "!$# #$% & !
'%(# *)(* 7 ,+ + 7 ># 9 @#.- %(# /M#0+
1 #% 1 "#!
"23 !$%4#$ !$
/ 53 6#7% -5 8 ! 91&896 ! % (7- % 8*8 %2: d $ !$
!;!
<% 1 "# !%(#
% -=9> '? !$% 3 21 1 8* !$%5!$
& * 1 ! 2@ j ' j 6 ' j 'j )'j ' j 'A+*+9+9+ 7 j<B<* %C# 6#
!$% ) "!D!$
% ! 1& ! 2@ k ' k ' k '0+*+9+*+.E %(# * ! 7 !$
&;F@ ! % G- %(#D!$
% G1& ! ! % % -
kH
k9 I Dj D. I j 6 . I 6 j . I Dj . I j 2
J D!$%!$
/G 6!$# A 72I 9KI GI 9KI 2+
% /L % 8* ! % 2@ M ! % "53 *G1 8*ON (/
k9 I G j . j R1.PI 8 j 6 . j ;1.PI 6 j 2
N ! *89*>"9 )Q/G "!# 7 :R# ;!
/ 53 "#% -S&8 ! *1 89% T ! % .- #$% ? !%4U !$% % 1 !$
8*8 !
k V 8 ! 8 7 :
"# W !$
!$%(! 8X 53 "#'% - 8 ! Y+4Z,[) "# 2H8 7 :
& P* ) !

1 #% 1 "#$! % -\/G "!# 7 :% 8*
"L !% 1 "# - %C# c ]_^ 7I t àb(c W . Kd e5 8 ! 91&89 Y ! %
:
%
<9)C ON 6 !#$ ! % G- #$% a ]_^ 7fI t `/ab g+

h (2L2Gi[j[lk*,+(# m #-"#$/

-.%(]
X&JE U 7WYF
(71 #% 1 % f ) R% 1 6# !%(#:

!$
& & % -S- % # % 1 8 "n "n 1 % ! 28
"2o3 1 1 #$%2n *4 ! p3/ !$
& N # ! "# *L( ! *L e% -q O2$20+C C$ !
!4 )
"! ! % 41 6# - %(# G3/ % /L % 8*L* ) !
% G9r) : !$
Q-s& ! % 7utB#wv2 x3/G4 # B/9 )
) !;!
r n 94R* !$
<% ! 1 !% - !$
% /L % 8* ! % 0+X2 /1 YON !$
#" 1 "# - %(# r
# !$6# % !$
'% ! 1 !D% - !$
% 1 "# !%(# +
d(+O %y% "!$ ! % 0+

&"#$
% &8 3 ;8 %: 1 #$% 3M3 *89 ! % -0-z2989* ) !% 4 # B /) 1 % * ! R7&
8 %: 1 #$% 33 *89 ! % -.-z28 8944 # B* )< % { ) 1 % 9 ! Y$+ =y* 3 %(!$
!
1 #% 323 98* ! #
-s ! % % - !
'% ! 1 ! *)(28 !% % R# ! % 7 !$
$ # !$"# % %C#$# 1 % !$% 4 n *G|>"9 )
9)(M8 !$% % '# ! % +
W+ O %y% 8 % "2899>F ! % 0+
1 % 9 ! D4 # B 4( /) 3 !
R% 1 6# !%(#
% &8 e3 ( Y8 % (
1 % *3 8 '!$%5!$
& !"#% - !$
&;!# ) +
U + D 8* % #$ 1 % <!$% 5* )(8 R ) 4+ 3
!:% # 3/ % 1 "# !$%C# #$ 1 % !%!

/) 7 % '% - !
_ ! 3 % M "#$ 4R-z8 ' ) +
E %(#G!
8 % "289*>2 ! % # !$"# K X /WM !
9/L "# 4% - !$
& ! 3 "!:" !$
}!$#
) 2 !$
) 4 # B G3/ !$
% 1 "# !$%C# +'E %(#D!$
& ! 2 ( #$'
!$
! #
L/ ! % 59 !$
& 1 % ! % % - !
4 n 95 % - !$
&7% 1 6# !%(#% ! 1 ! 1 + C - % % !S!$
! t$d2v~
Ht Wyv~ #$ % % ! * )'2 !
!S!
"#$ . !$# { % Q %C# & "#! * ! '1 # 9 T*1 8 3 "!:6 !$
+ #$% #
% 1 "# !%(#
FL R) %y% 49)(M89{ !$% { % '# ! % 3 ! 1 %y%C# 8 % "8*9>2 ! % G2 L/ {L "# $/+ X&5
!$
& 1 #$% / !% - !:% # !"# !$% % 53 9 !
*4; * )-s 8 : "y1+ C D!$
N O 7uBt #v 7 :
%
4 n *G9> !
1 #% ! +
X / #$# 9L !R!
% 8* ! % - %(# 7u>t #wv 7 :

!
m Q "# { % -s{s3 %2n % 1 6# !%(#<:
%
: CH1 #$% 1 % 43f < % /- 8 4

# !$% E W;d F,+~ "n/!
!$
&;!
# # !$"# % !$%< 8*9G* !
!$
& 5 8 ! 91 8 # 1 % M Y1+ C # !
7#2@ # !u!
!X!$
-s ! % 7 : 98*8 %(!
FL D!$%y% 4/
#$ 1 % !% }9&)(8 ! 1 ) 9 !$
& L/ T* ! % - !
!$ 10+ C 89*G ! !
53 "#% -D1 K B&
9 !
R# 1 % M %!
!D!$
&"#$: 98983 <8 %2: 1 #$% 3M3 *89 ! % - Y8 # 9 )< %(#$!$
2 % ' ) + C
o

d(+ % G1 !x!
) # !5% - 942) 7gt>#1'?+ v'3 % /L % 89L/9&) !<: !
W!
N # ! 6 # 9LC ! 9L % -
OM$* #} + / #$ ! % Y+
7 t>#1'?+ v9 7gt>#1'?+ v t @ # v
' tHW+ yv
6

7 t>#1'?+ v9 7gt>#1'?+ v t + v 2

@ tHW+ ? v
6

W+h9 6# - %(# % {r n 94'&1 1 #$ $ % % !

) # ! r)(& ! +
U + d 1&1 89
!$"# !$
#
% 8 * ) !%[!$
% &{4 n *4&1 1 #$ $ W4)C ! +)= "2 !$

*4) - #$% 8 - ! { # 9)
! 7 !% 1 {s3 %(!!$% +Z- !$
& ) # # ! 42)( ! !!$
& 1 n/ 83 % L '!$

*)
f!$
#
&% 8 I7 T8 #R!$
! (2 ) 1 % * ! +
& #$ Y # 9L 8*G8 %y% B ! ! 7 9)
3 %(#
t % !$ I7 %C# . % ! v +'Zz- !$
) # / ! 42)( ! D3 % L <!$
8 %2: !
#$
% 8 7
T8 #$'!$
! (D ) 1 % * ! +
Eu9)C #$ W +*d
$ = ! 1*:X2 /N ) " ! !$%C# +
!$# !$% 4GB 7!
! 2 3 "!:6 G1 KB&9 !
% # 1 % M 21 1 #%n 9r !$D!$%<!
': !
4% -
!$
&;# 1 % <% - !$
'% 1 6# !%(#!% 5* )(8 !$ 10+
: !
3 % !!$
$2 ( !$
&R% 1 "# !%(#
: !$
+
% !$
"# *L( ! % % -H L
Y8 % e- %(# PQ- %C# 2 % 1 ! 9428 ) 6!$ !%(# 7 X /
('8 %
!$
& = !$%
C ! %"D1 ! *G9>F ! % 6!$
% !$% "# *L !
G% 1 ! *48 ) G% 1 "# !$%(# +
G% 1 ! 9{
G*>2 ! % }289) %C# !$
! 8*894
*8989{ T8*9<3 * )< #
% L "#D!$
1 <% -X1 % $93 8 N8 !"# Y+'Z !
1 #% " 3/ % ! 9/ % M89 !$6# ! 9 ) !$
#% )
!$
- % 898 %2: * )5 ! 1
d(+ # ! % ) 3 /9 6 ) O2$ # 2 % / 3 "# !%G!$
& $2G1 8 xLC8* % -
! $ 1 ) +
W+ % L % 89L !
N8 !"#: !$
e!
) 7& LC8* !;!
'#$ 1 % +
U h+ 9 6#$! # 3 !$
N8 !$"# %y !T ! =3/448*8 % ! +
+ % L % 89L !
6: N8 !$"#: !$
4!$
&; ) 72 LC8* !;!
": # 1 % +
? +
2 ) !$
N8 !$"# 3M( % !
' Q ! % - !$
& 1 "#! # 3 ! % x*ft U v +

*G1 8 ! ! % % - X2 / N % 1 "# !$%C# *L % 89L !$
- % 898 %2: * )4 ! 1Y+ d - !"#D!$
*4) ;
(
3 " % L % 89L : !$
/G "!# .O 7 !$
X ) / #$ ! % R ! *4 ! 7- #$% !$
& ) # !
% - !$
%y%(!$
& G942) * ! ! G # -z# +
) # # ! 4)C ! !$
e % {r n 94'&1 {
1 # $ e9 !
! #$ ! % 0+
8*) %C# !
"! !$
#
% 8 3C % 8 % "8 ! 94 !$ % -X9r)
% +SZ ! rK B S '% - !:%5!$
#
&% 8 & !$% 8 : !$
4!$
& 1 #$% 3&8 % -X !$# K B/9 )&+

9 1 8 ! ! % % F- X / N % 1 "# !%(# D
%2: f9 Eu9)C #$ W+9d +
R# &8 ! % 3 ! 9
: !
4!$
% 1 "# !$%C# #
%2: e*eEg9)( #$ W+ W +

$ '
zt v t3wv
Eu9)C $# W+ W 7tz v +
& 3 C% !$! 8 * 4) + ts3wv +
' /) 41G- #% !
X / ) " !$ !$%C# +
6/!# Lb !/#

= % -z #D:'

"L C$& !$
LC8* R% -9 !
OM$}3( /) "!$ !$%(# B/ %2: 0+

9 1 %C#$! ! 1 #$% 3 8
%2: !% "!"# 9 '!$
& 21 1 #$% 1 # ! LC89 % - p*[G)C9L *4) +

M :6#7!%!
@ ! % 4 %(! !# *)
/! - %C#$: # w+

C73 " }5 ! 9L #$ % - # #
7&
!$
& 1 #$% 3&8 4 #$ r9 !$% 3 M % 8*L * !
) "# 28g +
3
## nC7*8 #"!$
N # ! 1 #$% 1 % !
?VO % 1 "# !$%C# 7 !$
)C) !$ e- % # /mQ "#$ !
LC8* % $- .7 :

#$ 9_)d 'DW
' '$.+
#D ) "! !$%C#: C7 %C! 9LC !$ 43 !$
#$% 1
&{
% 8 % )( 680N * )y23 % !'!$
&R
4}L % 0+DZ !
C73 " # 1 %(#!$ !
! *
42eL/ % 7 - % #
*> % - 898g*G98 #0!% ?VO % 1 "# !$%C#"n ! +
# *> "2<3 21 1 #$%2n 94 !$ '3 !$
23 % L - % #
ALC8* Y + S
?VO % 1 "# !$%(# "23 % 6#$ }3 e1(NM8 !$6#7! !$% % - #$2@ Yy+

R !% - % # N8 !"# !% % L "#!
':
% 8 1 !# % -.- #$F@ T T+
d %y% PC !
5 8 ! 91 8 LC289 % - P #$ * ) "!$ ! % 7 !
9 1 %C#$! !@ ! %
#
%2: % % % 53 9 - % #< ) r1 ## C7*8 #"!$
1 ! - %C#$: # !$
d1+, 19
7% -7 `-7afE%#
+, 7 :

! !$ :
L
> "#$% #$% * )y !$
! % 9 T % L 6# L "# 28 68
# 1
"28989 9)(&ON "2 ! (+ P C %:X L "# 7 !$
# !$6# % 7 :

: CG L "# ! ON 7 # G* !%
1 #% 3 8 L "# C*89y+
Z,[
d . U 7-3 ! B/9g
EXW ? F :#%(! L "# 9 ! 28u121 "# 7w* :
%
}
* !#$% e "8 1 +
=y* '!$
70 68 1 <
(73 "
%C!!$% 1 '9e8 %2:"# 8 L 8 % G1 !"# L % 0+ 3 ! B*} # )C
!$
! * D!$
6#$ = %<# ! % 28 !% 8 ! /<N ! / 53 "#S% - % 1 "# !$%C# 9> R 7 !$
& 1 1 #$% 1 # !$
: " !% G1 8 % ' :
% 8 1 !# % - % 1 "# !$%C# 9> Y1+ 3
<> "#% #$% $9 ) \* !$
dY{ J -s ! %
"! ! !!$
% ! 9/ % - "8 ' #$ 1 8 %C!$!$ *K # @ W1M 7 !$
e- %(# & % !$% # T+

# @G1 : ( !"# ; "8 1# +
9 !$"# ! 9 ) !$
9 )'23 % ! "28 1M !$
! 9 !$ # % -
!$# ! 9 )5R> "#$% #% 9&)G !% 68 C9 )C8 1 % * ! 7 %2:o:X " !$# !
G ) 1 % 9 ! (D
% !% # 9 !
68 1# +
% !% # 9 !$
"8 1M
FL % % 1 #$% 1 6#$! T+SE %C#
9M ! 2 7 !$
% !% # # 8 : " % 1 !!
3 %(!$!% ts8 %2: uDv 7 "T8 % } !'!$
&R!$% 1Wt
9)
3.

uDv 7y8* B #
Y+
6#$ - %C#$ 7/95) % * )R- #$% !
8 %: "8 t uv !%<!$

9)
"28 7 $!
> "#% $# % $* )
4" 1 1 # 7 3 !D!$
& 4 # L "# #$ !$ +

k ,#]/h0K #$

d(+ % % "#!

942) 7 )C9L }9 !
- % 8*8 %2: 9 )&+ d $ !$
! ! !$% 3 % L % 89L : !
!
4( B L7 !$
&;# &8 ! !$% 3 1& ! * !% 942) +
-d >- W - U - - ? ->o - '

-+. - -d -dCd -d;W -d U -d
- d ? - d;o -d' -d/. -d
->W ->Wd d TW U
->W W >- W U ->W ->W ? ->WYo ->W3' ->W . ? o
->W - U - U d - U W - U(U - U - U(? ' .
- U o - U ' - U . - U - -&d -W
- U - - ? -Ao - ' - . -
)&d )W ) U ) ) ? )Ao ) '
) . ) ) d ) d(d )&d;W )&d U ) d
)&d ? ) do ) d' ) d . )&d
)AW )W/d
A) WYW ) W U )W )W ? )AWYo )AW4' )W.
A) W ) U ) U d ) U W ) U(U ) U ) UC?
) U o ) U ' ) U . ) U ) ) d )AW
) U ) ) ? )o ) ' ) 3. )
% G1 !!$
- % 898 %2: * )I
7 d 7 U W7w2 AW+
W+ 3 # !$ % - %C# % L % 89L/9 )C7 : !
+1C7* ! % " % ! 3/<- % # 8 %y% 1Y+
U + J76# 9L "n 1 #$ % G- %(#D!$
?021 8#T2 % -
O & 6 )C9L G* 2@ M ! % ,W+ U &+
+O 6# !!$
4C B;- %C# W ?(? 5 & 6 7 :
& :9 dC+ 0# " ! 28984(B'L(289 !%'!$
#$ !
* ! ) "# T+
? + O 6# !4!$
r( Bf- %(# W ?C? 5 & 6 7 :
09 Ed 2 ? + 0# " ! 28984C BfLC89 !$%!

#$ ! 9 !$ ) "# T+
o+ =
&%:_!$
! ?01&8 Y & 6 79 7 .D7 R28 % )(9L [3 & 6 79 7 " . 7 B " 7 :
"#$ 7 "
N 4(D % "# 9LC ! 9L % - 79 !$
& #$ ! % 72 7 B " !
% "# *LC ! *L *
!
# ! % G1 "# 1 % T 8 #!$% +
'y+ % % "# <3 9{ T 3 % 71 % 8* % G28 N G9 2@ ! % , W+9d U +
t,yv JD"# *L 2@ ! % M W+9d G2 6W/+9d ? +
t3v d 1 1 89 !$
& 3M ! ! ! % % -DLC # 3 8 # 9 )S* 7+ 9 ) % x9 2@ M ! % W/+9d U !%

2 ) 7uBt #1'?+MvS* !% 7 +t )Dv 7
x
%2: !$
! 7 +t )v)(*L G3/ 2@ ! % , W/+9d ./+
.+ % % "# 5 % %C# 6# 1 % 89/ % B8
7g>t #1'?+ v 9
. 6 # . /+. /# 6 . ?+ 6 . # + 2
?

% G1 ! r( B& - %C# '5 ' ' ' ' 59 )f8 C ! @ # ;N ! + % " U 5 U
: * %2: #$% #
1& n/ 68w* !
942) +
+=
&%: !
! ) # # ! 4)C ! #%(! ! % *LC # 2 ! +? "!D!$
! ) # ! ! 1 % 9 ! Bt #-' +Mv
)(9L x3/tB7 '?7 v + d $ !
!D!$
&R% 3 ! #%(! !$ } #% n R7 !$
& 1 % 9 ! Bt #-' +Mv
% L !% 1 % * ! tB# '?+ v +
76 . 7 6 9 7 6 .D7 6
d + 3
! !
% G1& ! ! % 8 % G1&8 "n ! % - X&IN ) "! !%(# 2 )?01&8Y % -
OM$ ) "! !%(# +~Eu # ! ! O-s4*G !$ 1S9
/) 6!$ !%(# 7 !
% 1 !$
!
% G1&8 "n ! ;- %C#
9 /9L/ 280 !$ 10+

?d
d(dC+G % G1 8 6!$D!$
- % 8*8 %2: 9&) ! 3&8 '#$ 8 ! !$%5!$
#" ) " !$ !$%C# :'
"L / Y$ w+
I
-L

R '

R
Eu*8 !"# * )
J lQ "#$ ! ! %
J76!$ ! %
% G1 8 6n !
% G !
?W

V2_-"] * L /-10 32
Z, $!

21 !$6#<:4: 98*88 # 3 % !!
)( ! ! % % -*4) R9 !$%# )( % +
R5
% G1 8 ! # 1 1 #$% #
!%G!$
&< ) "! ! % } "!$
&% :X 8 # x9 !$
8C !
1 !$"# +Z,
) "!$ ! % : )( ! 2R*4) 3'% ! O-s/9&) !
3 % # % - % 3 ! T+
3 % & #
#e!
8 % " ! % :
"#$4!
9 !$ ! f
)C9 )&+WZ, !$
&e#$ )( % P3( W21 1 #$%
7 :Xx: *898
! O-s # )( % % T 1& A3/ !
4% 3 ! T+JC "#$ 7 :G: *898) #$% 1W1 n 8 :

# 9G*8 # *
% R# )( % 1 #% 1 "#! +
N # ! 1 #$!% - !

21 !$6# 28 : !$
" )( ! ! % 0+Z, 6
)( ! ! % 5 # )C ! ! % % -g9r) % 3 ! 29 53( % !
) # "58 L 8 !$# 93 ! %
% ! *L ! % -1 n 8T+ C %2: L "# 7 " )( ! ! % PG*)
/!<#$ 8 ! * !%y% r/W48*8
#$ )( % 5!$% % %C!$
6# -z# !$%C# Y+GZ, !
% 1 #!R% - !$

21 !$6# 7 :5: 98*8 T
% "!
% R- %(#G# )( % W) #$%2: 9&) +
& "!$
&% : *8983 !% "# ) 48*8D # !
#$ )( % 9 !$% 8 # ) "#D% !$
!7# 1 #$ !!
'% 3 ! %(# T8 % 89y+
"!
m$#&% 2L08- 0 32 (' #+34 #$2_-*)- 0 32
d )( ! ! % % -D2A*4) 7utB#1'?+MvX'1M #$! ! % % - 7gt>#1'?+ v't,C;
%2: A*fEu9)C #$5U +9dGv* !%
&3e9r) ,+ '"+ 6 ' 2 2 2 '"+7BQ
e!
!!
- % 898 %2: 9 ) % !# 29 ! D #$ ! N 5
d(+.- BV0/ + V 9 7ut>#1'?+ v?2
W+.+7V213+54 79 6r7 t&9:8 9+
U + S
3&942) $ ! ,N <1 #$ " !$%C# "!% -~1 # 6 !$ T+= % "n G1&8 S #
{ d 898w1& n/ 8S9}/4&3 942) + V 5 !X
"L !$
& ) #$ G8 L 8z+
{ d 898w1& n/ 8S9}/4&3 942) + V 5 ! %(! lQ 6# 35 %(#!$
&(j ) # 48 L 8T+
{ d 898g1 n/ 8*2 3 *4) + V ! %(! mQ "# 3/4 %(#'!$
2 &!j - #% !$

) #$ 8 L 8 % - !$
'# )( % 0+
{
& ! & # L/ ! % % -~) # "48 L 8.9}24 3 *4) + V ! 3 42898z+
;=>< ?A@B@DCFEHGJILK"MNK"OQPSRLK"R ?(U
? O

R1
R0
R2
R3
Eu*)( #RU +9d)SZr) )C ! ! % 0+

60G4 b # # +34 #$2_-*)- 0 32

,Z !$
& *G1 8 6( :
"#$ 7utB#1'?+Mv % ! 29 % % 3 ! 7 !
) # G8 L 8 *4) "2G3 % L "#!$
9 !$% %C#$# 1 % 9 )<3&9 # 5942) t>#1'?+ v +~Z, !
S3 9 # 5942) !
% 3 ! 1 n/ 8 : *8983 dYN
!$
3MDB) #$% & A1 n 8 : 98*8.3 N Y+ 0% "!"# 9 x3&9 # 9r) : " !$% %
!$
&#$
% 8% 7(=- % 898 %: /
tB#1'?+Mv9 d |C% -1!$7g

"t>#1#: '?+ v t U +9d2v
= % LC # ! % % - !$
3 % L "C 9 T89 ;!
M R% - !:X%!
#$
% 8 87 2 6 C% # L
# &) '% - !
#$
% 8 87 9 ' 6 ' 2 2 2 '
y+
t>#1'?+ v 9 d |%C- !$
6 #$: 7u Bt #1'?+Mv 6 t U +pWyv
>t #1'?+ v 9 d |%C- !$7u
6>t #1#$: '?+ v t U +U v
,

!# 93& ! % % -) # F<8 L 8 "53 !$% 6 !$"# G
9 S!
!$
#
&% 8 < R9<3 * # <942) Y+
d
!$% ) # ) # 1
!
/ 3 "#5% -1 n 8<9 9 r) }: !
A1 #! %T 8 # ) # " 8 L 8DC4

?(?
30
W ?C? W ?C? W ?(? W ?(? W ?(? W ?C? 25
W ?C? W ?C? W ?(? W ?(? W ?(? W ?C?

W ?C? W ?C? d d d W ?C?
20
W ?C? W ?C? d d d W ?C?

15
W ?C? W ?C? d d d W ?C? 10
W ?C? W ?C? W ?(? W ?(? W ?(? W ?C? 5
0 50 100 150 200 250

Eu*)( #5U +pW$tz v=y*G1 8 !$
6! '942) : !$
f% <% 3 ! +Gt3vCD !% ) # % - 942)
%2: [9
t,yv +
-s ! % % - !$
942) S% -M) # "'8 L 8Y+0E %(# / !
"! .942) .!

!$% ) # : *898 % ! * ! * !
1& B Y+.Z,}Eu9)C #$'U +pW/+ 5<9 1 8 o!5,oR*4) : !
G% '% 3 !
%2: 0+
1 n 8) # F 8 L 8
%C#$#$ 1 % /9 ) !$%'!
% 3 ! #$ d 7& !$
1& n/ 8 %(##$ 1 % * ) !$%!
3#MB/) #% 5 # W ?C? +

!% ) # % - !$
u*4) ~
%2: 595Eu*)( #U + W+ 30+ "2 X!$

!$% ) # 2
( !:% 1 B R7
! 6898 G3 9 % 8z+
'
!% ) # % -X #$ 280942) 4"5 %(! % ! 29 T8 # 1 B R7 * ! G !
4" % !'% -D1 K B&R ALC898 &;CR
%2: [9Eu9)C #$ U + U + < 8S*4) # #$ 8*" % ! 29 ! 1
) T+
& ) # "G8 L 8S !!$
' )
2 ) ) # M898*- #$% 3MDB) #$% & !% - %(#$ ) #$% w+

#$ 8 ! 941 G B D GLC8*8 &9 !
'
!$% ) # 2+
D3 ! : !$
21 1 #%n 9r !$ 89 !
$2 R# ) % -) # "8 L 8=- %C# T8(T+
<
!$% ) # 2
% -;W*4) G: 98*8
"L 1 G B - %C#<
Y8( % - % 3 ! 2 % 8 # ) 1 K B %(##$ 1 % * )
!$%4!
3 DB/) #$% w+ 0% / ! 9 )C
3 "!:" / ! 9 ! T8( % - % 3 ! 8 7 : M !
%y%
!$
&#$
% %8 R 7 #
89/9 )G3 "!:X" !:X% 1 K B&T+Eu9)C #$5U + &+ G
%2: ;2A*4) % ! 9 ) % - !
#$"
(a) (b)
Eu*)( #RU + U t, vz{$ts3wv n 1 8 % -~3 9 % 8

!% ) # 4Y+
?o O

W ?C? W ?(? W ?(? W ?(? W ?C? W ?C? W ?(? W 40
W ?C? W ?(? W ?(? d d W ?C? W W 35
W ?C? W ?(? W ?(? d d W ?C? W W 30
W ?C? W ?(? W ?(? d d W ?C? W W 25
W ?C? W ?(? W ?(? W ?(? W ?C? W ?C? W W 20
W ?C? W ?(? W ?(? W ?(? W ?C? W ?C? W ?(? W ?(? 15
d ? d ? W ?(? W ?(? W ?C? W ?C? W ?(? W ?(? 10
d ? d ? W ?(? W ?(? W ?C? W ?C? W ?(? W ?(? 5
0 20 50 100 150 200 250
T1 T2 T3

Eg9)( #$U +IDt, vXZ,42) % ! 9 ) % - !$

&#$"'% 3 ! Y+t3wv
C7 !% ) # % -S9r)
%2: e*ft, v +
% 3 ! 87u2 !$
%(##$ 1 % * )
!% ) #
%2: [*[Eu*)( #5U + + 3+
&"#$ # - % # 1 B R7
!$
&#$" %C#$#$ 1 % /9 ) !%A% 3 ! R7X % %(##$ 1 % * ) !$%f!$
& M3 DB) #$% & w+
#" 3 9M #
9r) "2e3 ) 6# ! G* ) !$
#
% 8 C - % 898 %: /
"tB#-' +Mv9
d O- 7utB#-' +Mv
%(!$
&"#$:
t>#1'?+ v9
d |- 7uBt #1'?+Mv 6
6 %C!$
6#$:
2t>#1'?+ v9 d |C% -!$

66 #$: u7 tB#1'?+Mv
D 9 1 %C#$! !.!$
* ) !% %C!$ 23 % !!
7
!% ) # _ !$
! ! 6 % 89 ! 9 )C
3 "!:"
T8($ % - % 3 ! Y+RZ ! %y %(! % ! *f/1M ! 8.*- %(# 4 ! % 0+
&"#$ - %C#$
8O-X3 8DB}
28O- :
!$ *4) 7
$S3 % # G942) D: !$
8 !"# M !$ 3 8DB5 :
!$ 3 8 % MB& % - 2@ 8/ 3 "# 7
x9r) % - # % 3 8DBG2 :
!$ %C! % - 2@ 28 !$# 93 ! %
"L ;!
$2
!$% ) # +
,
C7 !$% ) # 4 % - #$ 8*4) rF" % ! *Pr898S1 GB G!$% % +
"# - %(# 7. %C! 8*8 !

1 K B& "f3 *f )C ! ! % 0+ - %C#$<
!% ) # 1 KB& "f3 9 )C ! ! % 7
: " !$% "!$6# G* ) &9 1 KB& :
%
%C#$#$ 1 % !%e!$
&G% 3 !;# )( % Y+"3 5: 9898S
!$
& 1 K B/9 $ ! ! - %(#D!$
! 1& # 1 % + d 1 KB4) %y% 1 KB4O-~ ! 7
# 12 " 1+ d 1 KB4

# 1}O- !
#$ q "# ! 48*8,+ 3 : *898wM '!$
'# ! %<% -X #$ % -X #$ ! 2 )(8 ; T8 % * ) !

2 K 4 OF & ? '
W
N
Vb
Va
Eu*)( #5U + ? :9 KB/9 $ ! ! + 7 #$5!$

<
& 9)
! % - L(2898 87 : !
A% -X1 KBI7_ !$

*)
/!% -S1 GB7 !$
/ 53 c 6#% g -~1 n 8=3 "!:6 c g +
1 KB !%!
53 "#% -S1 n 8 6# <1 KB}( !$
&
# 1 % -\1 KBft,C7
%2: e9}Eu*)( #
U + ? v +
1 !
4% -S1 GBx !$
'# 8 ! 9L
9)
!% -.1 GBw+XZ, !
! !:X;: *8980 '!$
- % 8*8 %2: 9&)
9/- %(# r ! % 423 % ! R1 GB5
d(+ 3 9 : !
4% - !$
1 KB4*x) #$ 8 L 8 # ) - #$% LC8*8 !$% LC898 y+
Wh+ 9 9
9)
!X% - !
1 KB+
U + c ' g 9 !
'!:X% LC898 51 % 9 ! !$%< #
'% -~1 KB+
+D 9 !
&3 "#S% -\1 n/ 8S9 !$
& *4) % L "# 3/ !
1 KB+

# 1 % -HG1 K Be N ( !$
<# ! % w
+<Z- !$
# ! % RdY7 !$
& :X<
"L R!

:%C# ! 1 % $93 8 "C # ! 2 )(8 +
r898 "#!
# ! { % 7 !

# 1 6#!$
1 KB+
# ! % % -
!$
&R
*)
/!% - !
LC2898 !%G!$

*)
/!% - !
1 G Bx w z 6 o } { +
! 8g1 KB/9 $ !$ !7: *898
3 '!$
1 #% !D% - !
;# ! % /
! 't b2b 9 d @
t c . g v 5 d @
2
W t 5Rv
Z- !
1 K B/9 ) #$ !$"#D!$
2} % ;!
#$
% 8 7 !$
!
! 1 K B : 98*8w3 r- %(# )( {
! ! % 0+

h32L23# # h b3#! " (]#$&%' (
= % -z #R:
"L G% 8*AM !
) # "[8 L 8.9/- %(# r ! % - %(# )( ! ! % 0+M3 G
"L %(!
/ 1 ! 8D9- %C# 4 ! % % - #$ )C % T+ d q %(!$ # 89 "#*)S
!$% ) # 4 % %C! )(*L /W1 ! 28
9/- %(# r ! % 0+PZ, %(# "#<!% N W" % !$ ) #$% 1 % -'1 n/ 8;9 2W9r) : " !% 21 1 89
?. O

. . . o o
. . o o
. . . o o
8

Eu9)C #$U +po
19. n 8 % & ! T+tz v({ % !$ w+t3wv2.2{ % !$ +t v
o2{ % !$ w+
(d += 6 !
3 9M # 942) 8 - !!%# 9)
/!*)/!$% 1 !$% 3 %(!!$% +
W+DZ- !$
"# } 83 8 1 n/ 8 : !$
<LC89 ;% - d N C$*)( q 6: 83 8 !$% ! +
U h+ < T # *L 89
DB !$
& *)
3 %C# % - !$
& 1 n 8 9 ! 1 WR2 GC$*)( !$
& 823 8|- !

#$ & 823 8 : !$
RL(289 '% - d N9+
+= !% 1 :
}8*8 !$
1 n 8 % -SLC89 dYN
"L 3 " x83 8 w+
Eu*)( #'U + 'J
< T # 9L % !$ : % 1 % ! d *8 ) %C# !
+
% ! % 1 % ! 289) %C# !$
+
6#$ #x!
#$6 1 % $93 8 ) #" % - % !$ $ ) (

&%: }9}Eu*)( #RU +po/+Z,G- % # % ! $ ) q1& n/ 8w$ % 6#$ !$% 3 % !$ !% - % #D% -
! w9G !$ 9)
3 %(# =ts8 - !)"# 9)
!) &1 ) 2 %: v ) 3 "2 X!$
1 n/ 8w # ! ! 2 S% +
Z, .2{ % !$ $ !$
2) % 8 8 ! #$ 8 % % % "#$ w+
"#$ - %(#$ ) 71& n/ 8y % M "#$
!$% 3 % & ! !% 2898 ! 9)
/! *)
3 %C# C
&%: 94Eu*)( #U +po/+ 30+~Z !$
#$6!$ % 429< !
. %C! 1 1 #% 1 # !$!% M D!$
.T89% 2 ! +
& .T8* ! 3 "!:" !$
& !$"#
1 n 8X2 ) % 81& n/ 8S W +}Z942) )u% &899 !$ ) "# 1 n 8' #$ L(289% w+
"# - %(# )u%C!$
6#
) 8* B D!$

$3 % # ! 2 ) #$ w+

& $3 % # ! 2 $ N 4C
! 2
t$t>#/'?+ Tv t># 6 '?+ 6 vv 9 "!$#0t% #@D# 6 %(')%*+ @K+ 6 % v 2 t U + /v
d %(# /9 ) !$%'!$
! 8*8 *)
/! *)
3 %(# % - !$
!# 281 n 8/ #$ ! ! 2 dC+
"# - %(#
!$
& f # % % "# % !$ + 3 "P28 % o2{ % !$ f(
%2: [*[Eu*)( #GU +po/+ (+5Z,
o{ % ! 4/ !:% 2) % 8 8 ! . #$ % M "#$ % !$ w+
3 D: 98*8 # 93 * !
"n/!.!:% 3M ! % !:X% 289) %C# !$
4/ #$ T # *L 2@ ! 8- %C#
N /9 ) % & ! % G1 % ! *}4942) +

S#$ T # 9L 289) %(# !$
)(9L 9Eu*)( #SU + ' :X%(# B& : 898y2 ; ( !$% *G1 8 ! +
1 #% 3 8
!$
! ! # T # 9L +
8*) %C# !
) :
# & % 42898 % G1 !"#: !
<899 !$ G ! DB )
4" (98* # &<9 !$% ! DB % L "# %: )C:

R:X% 8%
"L !% 3 7! KB " #$% -03/ !$
& 1 #$% ) # 2G "# +
E %(# ? ;d W ? d WR942) : !$
@ #!$"# 9898* % ;1& n/ 8 )(!$
# T # *L 289) %(# !$
rF
"L L "# 8
!$
&% # T # 9L "2898Y+

?
(d += 6 !
3 9M # 942) 8 - !!%# 9)
/!*)/!$% 1 !$% 3 %(!!$% +
W+DZ-M< 83 8 1 n/ 8
(.LC89 =% - N9d N ) (9)C< ": 83 8 !% ! %C# * ) !$%D!$
- % 898 %2: 9 )
# 8 /
s s
d ? ? d ? ?
? ? ? ? t = "! 9 v +
d s ? d s ?
U + J76!$"# G9 D2@ 9LC28 T8C$ % -~823 8T+
+DZ, !$
% x1C$ ) C$9)( !
$ 2 8 23 8 !$% 2898 8 ! u*} F@ *LC8 T 8(T+
Eg9)( #$U + .
= 2@ ! 8 % !$ % G1 % ! d *8 ) %(# !
+
(d + % G1 !;!
'
!$% ) # 2 % -\q)C9L G*4) +
W+=y %y%(!$
}!$
'
!% ) # 3/4"L "# )(* ) !$%5#$ % L 48*81 GB Y+
U +DZ ! |-s6 % ! 1 KB&72 xLC8*8 &=* !$
'
!$% ) # +
+ J76!$ ! ) %y% e1 K B&H3/421 1 89/9&)<1 KB/9 !$ ! +
? + = )( !!
942) M9&) !$
#
% 8 D !!
LC898 &T+
o+ d 1&1 89 % !$ % G1 % ! 89) %(# !$
+
Eu9)C #$U +
= !$ 19} )( ! ! % G9 )
!% ) # +

2@ ! 8'289) %(# !$
G !:X% 1(e289) %C# !$
:
%
823 8 !
f#$ )C % Mx# %C# * ) !%
1 YON 1M !$!"# MGt, 6 Eg9)( #$4U + . v +
N # ! 1C$5"2 !$
& 3&9 # f942) 2 P($9)C2
83 8 o1 n 8P ": 823 8,+ Z, !
C$*)( !4% - !$
823 8 !$
83 8 % -5 9)
3 %(# {
9&) 1 n/ 8} # % M "#$ + J # 9 ) !
% 1C$ !$
83 8 % - 1 n/ 8} #
2 ) !%
!$
& 823 8 % - !
#<2@ &9LC8 Y8(T+ d $& G!$
! !!
4 % - !$
& N # ! 1( :4
1 : !
83 8 N !$
&#$% &)
H8 N ) !
- % 8*8 %2: 9 )83 8 :"# "!"# 9 PC !% 3 F@ 28>
>t ! ' Y?v '<t >' &?v '<
t '?70?v '5>t ! ' ?v '5t ' 2v?'<t 9J'v '<t ` '?70v?'g tet' &v?2
:5: 98*8
"L <!$
- % 8*8 %2: 9&)
2@ 9LC28 T8($ 5>t ! ' ' )' ?v '6
t '?75' ` ?v '6et t' 9 v + J # * ) !$
% 1C$ !$
823 8 ' )'w2

: 98*803
) !% !+ =y9 98 # 8* !$
83 8 7f ` : 989803
2 ) !$% ) 4823 8 9 : *89803

) !$% t$+

#Q# #
" #*) &#
2% :W:X 64 G4 # 9> LC # % M ! 1S9 $!
" )( ! ! % 5289) %C# !$
(X
%2: G*GEu*)( #
U + +5Z, !$
N # ! !$ 1 !$
<
!% ) # % - 2[ 942) % G1 ! w+
5
!$% ) # 2 4" % ! *
o O

% 48*8(1 KB& X!$% % 2 ;& L *898* G9M ! % 0+ J # 9 ) !$
& % ' !$ 1 !
S
!$% ) # 2
%y%C!$
!$%}#$ % L <!
42898.1 GB Y+AZ,[1 # 9T91 8 ) 2 % - !$
N8 !"# T f9 !

8C !
1 !"# " 3
&"#$ +_Z, % ! 6( ) *G1 8 "L "# 2)(* ) % L 6#4U[ 8 ! % - !

!$% ) # :%(# B #$ C % 3 8* :X 898z+= % 6! 9 ) %C#$ %
!% ) # 4 "2[3 %y%(!
A3/
%y%(!$
9 ) L "# 28 ! * T+gZ, !$
D!$
# 5 ! 1 ) " !$ 1 KB&2 LC8*8 &. # % ! |N <*G1 8*
3/ 6!$ ! 9 )8 % "2804 n 9r GG* 9r79 !
'
!$% ) # 2+. "n!X!$
) %y% e1 KB& # "!$ !$
3/9 ) !
1 G B* $ !$ ! +SZ, !
N - !
!$ 1 !$
*4) )C !$ RM9&) !$
#
% 8 !!

LC8*8 &=3 "!:6 G1 K B&T+
8C ! !$ 14M !$% "!"# 9 < "!% - % !$ % G1 % ! =*
!$
& *4) +
&;# &8 ! =- %C#7# )( % } )( ! ! % 4 #$
%2: }9}Eu9)C #$U +9d +

# " # \ ] # "
= )C ! ! % M9&)R) # "8 L 8 !# 93& ! % 42 % ! 9L/ ! % -.1& n/ 8 643 % M "#$ 5 6
)( ! ! % 0+
)( ! ! % " !$% 3 e# N [9 )f9/- %(# r ! % 3 % !G!$
&
1
% - !$
<# )( % '2 !$
& 42 ! " % - #$ )C % T+
; )( ! ! % }G9)
! 8 % / 8% !$%y% 4/
r898 #$ )C % M )u:

6 !% 3 "# ) : !
9)
3 %(# 9 ) #$ )C % T+ 3 : *898 T' L "# 8
8*) %C# !
4.- %(#D#$ )C % 4) #$%2: 9 )&+

q !
% ! *G1 8 89) %(# !$
- %C#G#$ )( % W) #$%2: 9 )&+ Z, !
58*) %C# !
!$
}#$ )C % G #
F@ ! 8*8951 89 ! x "# ) <9 ) % 1 # 6 !$ ! 98 %C!$
* )643 "# ) %(# 1 89 ! tz(

&%: 9PEg9)( #$}U +*d(dv +
289) %C# !$
% ! 89* A*WEg9)( #$4U +9d U +
<289) %(# !$
"P3
% !$# !$ 43}5*G1 8 *4)
%2: 9 Eu9)C #$QU +9dW+Z !$
"n G1&8 )/:R: *8980 L 6#
*G1 8 1 #$ / " !$ + 5
.A_9@`0E%9 B)( O9 B ;k` n` + 5 j
F + 0% ! #!: !$
)!$
&:
% 8
9r) % % "#$ AC % G# )( % 0 + =y* 8*8 !$
1 n 87* !
*4) % %(!'
"L <!

) # "8 L 8 )(!$
& 942) X1 8* ! * !% @ # # 2 ! ) C
%2: 49 Eu9)C #$ U +9dW+ +X "n/!*) 4 !$! G1 !
S4 !$% "# ) / !:% # !X#$ )C % MT+ ! % % - !
'@ # ! X$ ! ,-s !
1 #$ /" !$ )
!$
&"#$ - %C#$5!$
6#$ % "# ) +5 "n/*! ) 8*8 !
#$6G@ # ! "n 1 !!
1&1 6# 8 - !@ M # ! #
1&89 !!$ <9 !$% - % # 48*8 "#.# )( %
t, 6 Eu*)( #U +9d W+ 3v + d !=!
S ! ) '!$
#" 3 { @ M # !
"2p3 "# ) 9 !$%% 8 # ) 4#$ )C % 0+ :% 3&{ @ # ! 5 !5!$
& 8 %2:6# 1 #!<% - !
9r)
# -s #!$
"# 1 89 ! (<
&%: P*PEu9)C #$rU +9d W+ (+fEu92898* ) # 9&) !$
& "n/! 6# ) 5% 1 "# ! % !

#$ 4* 9 )5 3 { @ M # ! #$ "# ) : !$
}!$
8 # ) #$ )C % 0+ d !!
D ! ) 2898 #$ )C % 7 ! -s
!$
& 1 #$ % " ! 2 x % -s #$!
"# "# )(* ) %C# 1 89 !$! * )<$ % +

G8*) %(# !
58 % "2898 p3 % # W 8 ! * ) +
& !$%#$ % L ts 8 ! v !
e:X KB
3 % # R3 "!:6 !:X% # !#$ )C % )g
"# )C9 ) !$
G!:X%x# )( % Y+
& 1
2) % T !$

# ! % \u - %C#.!$
3 % & # <3 "!:X" !
!:X%7# )( % Y+SZ !$
u289) %(# !$
)!
# DB )
3 "!:" !:X%'#$ )C % M(S
%2: G9 Eu9)C #$U +*d ? + ' # w+
D ) " (9893 7# 1 #$ !$
9 ) !
1 "# ) # tHt W . d2v tHW . dv$v (
%2: e*4Eu9)C #$U +9d ? + 30+
& !$# ) !
4% - !
)
3 "!:" e1 % * ! 9 # )( % + ' e1 % 9 ! 9 #$ )C % + 6 7)(*L e3/ !$
23 % 89 ! mQ "#
% -\) # "G8 L 8
t ' v 9 %*7gt>#'?+Tv@D7utB# '?+ v %
6 6
O O od
tz v t3wv t 2v
t v t v t-Tv
ts)v t
v tsv
Eu*)( #4U +*d _C7 !% ) # %y%(!
9&)e1 #% $RM9&)e1 KB/9 $ !$
#
% 8 9 +9d ) "L *> 9 ? +
t,yv # *)(9M8g942) +'t3vhC7 !$% ) # 2 - %(# *4) *Pt,yv ) 1 KB&C9 U ) 1 GB F- !$6# 1 KB/9 $ ! !
9 d .+5t 2vC7 !% ) # F- !$6#% %y%(!
9&) ) 1 GB G9 ? ) 1 KB&F- !"# 1 KB/9 $ ! ! 9 'y+<t v
C7 !$% ) # "- !$"#!:% %y%C!$
* )y ) 1 KB& 9 W/d ) 1 KB&F- !"# 1 KB/9 $ !$ ! 9 'y+t v1CD !% ) #
F- !"#!
#$6 %y%C!$
* )y ) 1 GB 9 d(d ) 1 KB&"- !$"# 1 KB/9 ! ! 9 +t-Yv )( % =- #% _1 }d
t +9+ v +7ts)v )( % - #$% 1 ,Wxt +9+9dCd;oyv +t
v )( % - #$% 1 U td(do+9+ W U v +tv )C % M
- #$% 1 }tHW U +*p+ W ?(? v +
oYW O

R1 R2
P(R) = false
R
R4
R3
(a)
R1 R2 P(R1 U R2) = true
Eu*)( #<U +*d(d) 1 8* ! 2 e "# ) +'t,yvZ-<t +;v 9=75! b ) # )( % + D1&89 ! 9 !$% - % # 3 #$ )C % M
(b)
+ '"+ 6 '"+ ) 2 +2+t3wv Z- qt + 3+ 6 v9 a )/!:%<#$ )( % ) + D + 6 ) $# "# ) +
(a) (b)
(c)
(d)
Eg9)( #$U +*d
J7 % !$# ! % % -\1 8* ! 2 x 6# ) 8*) %C# !
+
O O oU
(d + &1 89 !# )( % 3+ * !% - % # # !D#$ )( % t @ # # 2 ! vXO- T t
/! a CtN+'v9 57 ! b C+
+ " # ) / !:% # !# )( % .+ D 3+ 6 O- T t
/! a CtN+& 3+ 6 v9 a C+
U + !% 1 :
4 % -s #$!
"# "# )(* )<2 e1 89 !$! * )5 # 1 % $93 8 +
Eu*)( #U +9d U 1 8* ! 2 6# ) d *8 ) %C# !
+
d(+ " # ) '!:%<# )( % O-
t % # v d

;t ut ' 6 v 6 6
:
6#$ D !$
& 1 "# 9 6!$"#S% - #$ )( % 3
+ ) 6 !
1 "# * "!$6#=% - $# () % 3+ 6 +
+ "# ) '#$ )( % O-
t % & # v
%C! 280 53 "#% -.1 % 9 ! % !
3 %(# "# d
Eu*)( #U +9d I
) % T ! d *8 ) %C# !
+

' ) $ Y8 # : GO- !
t ' vS3 8 %2: % !$
#
&% 8 +
t ' v9 d |%C- !$
"t # : ' v

': / $ % - !$
&;:
&% 8 3 % & # e !$
& % - :X / % -S289803 % & # 41 % 9 ! Y+
t ^ T ! + v 9 t ' v

8*) %(# !
% ! 89* 9 Eu9)C #$U +*d &+ :%P
# ! 6x #$
6#$ = J CJ%
5 7A+) +
<:X /
& # ! D !# *)
/! - %C#$: # w+Z- !
R# ! %G% - : x3 % # 1 % * !
!$%!
4!$%C! 8/ 53 "#'% -3 % # P1 % * ! R3 6!:X" P2 !:X% # !R# )( % <3 % L %
!$
&#$
% %8 )y!$
!:%'#$ )( % #$ "# ) w+ %2:X L "*# )C!$

& # ! !$ & !%R% L "# "# ) # )( % Y+

"# - %(# )(:X " R71
) % Y !7
# ! % )":
%
<! 09 !$% % !.!$
&
1 7% - !$
X#$ 8 ! !
#$ )( % 0+
'# 8 ! =- %C#7# )( % } )C ! ! % 4 #
%2: e*}Eu9)C #$U +*;d o/+
,
Z, !$
"!$
&% :X ) # "x8 L 8 !$# 93 ! % % - #$ )C % M !% T O- !$
r
% 8 43 6# ) w+

"!$
&% r1 #$% 33&989 ! 7*xM ! #$ +3 % % "#!:%<
/1 %C!$
D 6 +

"# #$!:%<#$ )( % T+
6
"# % R#$ )( % 0+
3 : 98*8g($ !$
! 9 #
}#$ )C % )!
) # "e8 L 8 / !# *3 ! % "}3 21 1 #%n 9r !$ r3/
!$# 93 ! % 0+
! ) O-gR1& n/ 8 8 !$ 5 !# % )y!$
& 1 #$% 33&989 ! !
! !
(
) # "G8 L 8 j )C9L 43/
o O

A . . B
+ + + +
R2 + + + + +
R1
+ + + +
+ + + + +
+ + + +
+ + + + +
8 +
+ + +
Eu*)( #5U +9d ? )( % f "# )(9&)9 )

) % Y ! 8*) %(# !
+<t,yv :%G# )( % + ' + 6 +5t3v
1 "# ) # t$t . d2v ft .Kdvv +
zt v t 3wv t 2v
Eu9)C #$U +*d;o$7tz v +
3 %(!! 8 *4) +ts3wv + 6 )( ! ! % +t 2v + d - !"## )( % 4 "# )(9&) +
O O o?
R1 R2
m2
m1
_ _
X1 X2
σ1 σ2
Eu*)( #RU +9d'J )C % x "# )C9 )* ) 89

%y% # ! % 289) %(# !$
+
<t>#wv9
d

'
Y
:
"##4 !
) # "48 L 8 !$
& ! 2 # L/ ! % 0+
d $ 4!$
!G# )( % + % ! *, 1 n/ 8 ) # #$# 1 ! 9L 89 !$

p ! 2 # L/ ! % % - #$ )C % + (<
%2: p*[Eg9)( #$4U +9d ' + d 8 % ( !$
!R!$
& ) # F
8 L 8D # 9 1 !% - #
%C!$
6# +
!
1 #$% 33&989 ! % - # )( % :+
"L* )G) # "8 L 8
>t #/'?# 6 ' 2 2 2/'?# vS)(*L G3/5
t dY

<t># ' # 6 ' 2 2 2/'?# v 9

v

2 t U +? v
9 9 8 # 8* ) :X 6 % G1 !<!$

1 #% 323 98* ! 7- %(##$ )C % :+ 6 ) # )( % + 9 + + 6 (
- % 8*8 %2:

qtB# o '?# o 6 ' 2 2 2 '?# o v 9 t

d v

t U +poyv
Y 6
o
<t>#'?# 6 ' 2 2 2' #' 2 2 2 '?# o '?# o 6 ' 2 2 2 '?# o v 9 t
d
t U + 'Cv
! v

Y
oYo O

%2: ) !$
& 1 #$% 3M3 *89 ! .- %(# 7 2 6 # )(9L eC
<t Tv 9
<t># ?' # 6 ' 2 2 2 ' # v <tB# o ' # o 6 ' 2 2 2 '?# o v9 t
d v ft d v t U + . v
Y
Y 6

<t 6 v 9 <t># '?# 6 ' 2 2 2 ' #' 2 2 2/'?# o '?# o 6 ' 2 2 2' # o v9 t
d v o t U + v
Y !

8*
%y% # ! %
9 < t Tv 9 t Yv o
< t 6 v t v t 6 v

'#$ )C % 7 #$ "# ) 5O- '+
#

# " # ) 5#' i \^] ) b %

)( % P# T) # 1
Gt d v # L "# } -s 8$ ! !$# ! # 7- %(#<# )( % f
"# )C9 )}289) % {
# !$
rT+Z, !
) # 1
) # )( % D #<#$ 1 #$ ! 4(7 % 2 # !#$ )( % D #$ % !$
3/fP # 3 "!:6 !
% Y+ % 6# e9G1&8 *4) % ! 9 ) % -NL # )( % 5dE' $' U ' I'
? (R
%2: [9Eu*)( #GU +9d ./+ /+
1& n/ 8 %(#$# 1 % 9&) !$% # )( % #$ %(!$ A3} !
#$ )( % 4 53 "# Y+ d $ D!$
! % 1 # %" ! !% "# ) 7# )( % Y+Eu # !*) #$ )( % 5
U #$ "# ) w+
*4) <: !
1 ! #$ )C % ;R
&%: 9PEu*)( #GU +9d/.+ 3+ "n/!'#$ )C % U
D "# ) : !
#$ )C % 4C;
%2: 9fEu*)( #5U +*d .+ (+'Eu*8*89 )#$ )C % rH "# ) : !$
#$ )( %
d(+ Z !$
;1 #% $ ).!$
#$ )C % 83 8R #$
&) A5 8 ! 91&8 R! 9 T+4E %(# 9 ! G
83 8 % -
1 n 8=3 8 % )C9 ) !%<#$ )C % <\N # !
) !$%5UR!
!$% ) rN2898* !% d(+SZ, !$
"n G1&8
!$
& 9r) L "# 442898 ) #
4#$ )( % % ! % -=- 6: 1 n 8T+ !) ! %C! % G % !%

"L 5!$
% $2 % -D1& n/ 89 #
f#$ )C % 0+4Z, !$
"( )u!

)C9 ) % -D83 8 #2@ & #$ %(#$
% L "#$
& w+
&"#$ - %C#$ ) * ! % -
)C9 ) #$ )C % x83 8 % - #
1 n 8 # 9 ) !$
& "# )C9 ) ) :X
: 98*8g1 1&89 !$
6# ) '% 1 6# ! % % f d +
d $ %(##$ 1 % * ) !$% Eu9)C #$U +*d ./+ { #

&%: 595Eg9)( #$DU +*d ./+ {
+ 3
#$ )( % 'u 6# ) : !
!
#$ )( % U )y!$
% '9 !
d
# % L ) !$
# "D #$ # ! !%<#$ !!$
& ": *4) (
%2: e*eEg9)( #$U +*d .+ -+SZ !
8 %G#$ %(# !$
!!
1 n 8u83 8 U } #$<2@ 9LC28 ! +
6# ) '% 1 6# ! % 7- %(#!

9r)
%2: 9}Eu9)C #$QU +*d .+ G #
%2: e9 U +*d .+
: !
e!$
&;F@ *LC8 ! 83 8D !$
9& ! 8
9r)
%2: [*fEu9)C #$5U +9/d .+ "2A3 !% ) "!!
NM8S )( ! x*4) 9G*8 #D!$%4%

&%: }9}Eu*)( #RU +9/d .+ +

( ( 3#( # # " # \^] # "
d(+
&3 "#% - !$
#
&% 8 &q p* !
289) %C# !$
+ % 89) %(# !$
4R }% %C#!:X%
!
#$
% 8% ) 3& !%(!
"# L "# 8 !
#$
% 8 Y+
+
5%(# "#'% - "# )(9&) L 6# 49G1 %C#$! 2 ! +
N28 )( ! ! % : 98*8 1
"L/98*
% !$
&;%C# 6# 9 :

G# )( % D # "# ) w+
U + 6 e )( ! ! % 48 % 9 1 %C#$! ! +DZ- !$
)( ! ! % !% ! #$!: !$
# ( % 23 8 )
!
#$ )C % ) #$%2: 9 ) : *898/9G1 #% L ! -s #!$
"# 3* ) !$
&
1 5 r ! .*- %(# 4 ! %
0 O O o4'
2 2 2 2 4 2 2 2 2 3
1 1 2 2 4 1 1 2 2 3 3 -> 2
4 -> 3
1 1 2 4 4 1 1 2 3 3
2 2 2 4 3 2 2 2 3 3
5 5 5 4 3 5 5 5 3 3
(a) (b)
2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1
2 -> 1
1 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1
5 5 5 2 2 5 5 5 1 1
(c)
(d)
1 2 1 2
4 -> 3 3 -> 2
3 4 3
5 5
(f)
(e)
1 2 1
2 -> 1
5 5
Eg9)( #$U +*d .
)( % } # YG) # 1
't d v +
(g)
(h)
o. O

% - $# )( % T+ %2:X L "#*) O- !
* ! 28. )( ! ! % 7L "# }1 %y%(#*)g!$
5#$ )( % A) #$%2: 9&) : *898
%C! *G1 #% L ! +
d :XR
"L $2 )w ) 6!$ ! % e2 #$ )C % )C ! ! % #$ % G1 8 ! # 1 #% Y+
Z,G1 # 9 T*1 8 )(: 6 "!"# G* #$ )( % \- #% !
/) % - !$
% 3 !) 2 ) =- #$% # )( % Y+
%2: L "*# )y!$
&"#$ # L "# 8 "# S3 "!:" !
'!:%<! /1 % -\ )C ! ! % 0+
d(+ )( % P )( ! ! % #$ 8 ! ;* Y8 % A3 % & # ).:
98 !
3 % & # % 3 ! 29 3/
/) "! ! % 4 #$ %(! $ # 989 T8 % w+
+ ) "! ! % % ! 8*8 % "8z + )( % } )C ! ! % G %C#$ )C8 % 38z+
U + )( % f )( ! ! % " "23 *G1 #$% L G3/e9 ) 8 ! *{,1 !$# 809r) Rt + ) + % 8 %(# 9 {
2) v )
%2: L "#X!$
6#$ %(! 5
# LC ! 2) 949 )55 8 ! 9{z1 !# 8*4) 9 )
6!$ ! % 0+
+
1 % ! % % - <3 % & # Pt ) vX8 % "289*> x* /) "!$ ! % ) 3 ! %C! $$ # *89
* # )( % } )( ! ! % 0+
Q
\ #H # . ]# ) ](b#] # # ( ( '
" # '(
D <!
)C !$ 49 !$%5#$ )C % )0: 6" "!"# 9 '!$
& ) "% "!$# "2801 #$% 1 "#$! <% -
#$ )( % :

"2[3 A9 !$
5% 3 !;# % )( ! % 0+}Z !$
R ! % )u:5: 98*8 # 93 - ":
9 1 %C#$! ! 1 #$% 1 6#$! T+D3 e: 98*8C$& 4!$
!!
e# )( % P #$ 1 #$ ! A3/P 3 9M #
9r) ) tB#1'?+Mv +
" N d #$ %(# 9> <% - !$
<# )( % 7 !$%C! 8~ 53 "#D% -X1 n/ 8 % Y 1 e3 !$
#$ )C % +RZ !
)C9L G3/
B
09 Bt #-' +Mv t U +9d v
/ /
! %
# N'1 #$
! !
!$ # %8 % <".! 89% % !$-X
& !"#.% - 4 # 3 # !# # 5
21 #$ )( % ) 2 < ! " 3
#$ )C % 0+4 !$#$% ) t #1 ' + vX)C9L G3/
9
#"

/ B / # tB#-' +Mv ' t U +9dCdv

/ B / + >t #1'?+ v

+ 9
2 t U +9d v
1N
N # ! % !)
) ) !$
& % R % ! ) 6 ) 6) #$#$ 1 ! 9L 8*
)C9L 4C
9 B # Bt #1'?+Mv t U +9d U v
/ /
9 B + Bt #1'?+Mv t U +9d v
/ /
2 4 2DO o
B
6 9 # 6 >t #1'?+ v t U +9d ? v
/ /
B
6 9 + 6 >t #1'?+ v t U +9do v
/ /

'N
1 6# 9 "!$"#0% -g #$ )( % S % -0 ! .3 (% # "# 1 n/ 8T+ d 1 n/ 8 :

<
(S ! 8 ( !

% 1 n/ 8w*4 ! 9)
3 %(#
%y% x- #$% !$
3# / ) #% G$"8*8 4R3 %(# "# 1 n/ 8,+
I ' % G1# ! $ ) , ) $ N 4(- % 8*8 %2:
,09 Y 6 ' t U +9d'(v
:
6#$ P !$
# % - #$ )C % ) W !
1 "# 9 "!"#w% - !$
&#$ )( % 0+
& % ! % G1M !
# )( % 4XT # T8 )C: !$
% G1# ! $ F@ 28 !% d<t
#$ % -SY # Y8 D% - # /95+ Y + 6
2 !
1 6# 9 "!$"# Y +;v +
% G1# ! $ % -S5 @ #$
21 +

N
%C# ! ! % ) )w% -D #$ )( % ""f3 % 1 !$ x3/ "!"# 9 * ) !$
n % -
R
% e % !% -* "#! 4t, " Eu*)( #5U +9d v +<Z ! "2A3 6!$"# G9 r3/4G9&9G|>"* ) !

- % 898 %2: * ) "n 1 #$ % 1
9 P\P >t #D9& @D+ % . )v 6 >t #1'?+ v T # T + t U +9/d . v
Z ! " 2x3
%2: [tz " /n "# T v !
! G* 9 >T* )3 % L ;6n 1 # $ % # &8 ! * !%
9 9

' t U +9d v
6 . Bt !@ F v 6
% 9 !H@ ' t U + v

6 K
. t>!H@ F v 6
:
6#$ )
! 9 P\P # 6 >t #1'?+ v T # T + ' t U + /dv
9 P\P # + >t #1'?+ v T # T + ' t U + v
9 P\P +3 6 t>#1'? + v T #! T +4 ' t U + U v
# 9 #,@ # ) + 9 +G@ + +SE (% #!$
& / #$"! % r9 ) ! ' ) '
#$ )C9L 4C - % 898 %: /
! 9 # 6 tB#1'?+Mv @ # 6 ' t U + v
9 #+
t>#1'?+ v1@ # +I ' t U + ? v
9 + 6 tB#-' M+ v @ + 6 2 t U + o v
' O

(X,Y)
r
(Xo, Yo)
s
θ
ρ
θ
Eu*)( #RU +9d
J7"!$6# G* 9 ) %C# ! ! % % -\ # 3 !# # #$ )( % 0+

k 3#] # ( #(

d(+D ! 899 !$

#-+, 19 289) %C# !$
9 ) 5 + 7%-J7a+pJ.% +
+ J7 L 289) %C# !$
- %(# "!$"# G9&9 ) 2@ 9LC28 T8( Y+
U + J76# 9L 2@ M ! % / U + ? )U + o ) 2 U + 'y+
+ J76!$"# G9 '!
% G1 ! ! % 8 % G1 8 "n ! % -H 2@ ! 8~ #$ T # *L % !$ % G{
1 % ! 8*) %C# !
4Y+
? +
&%: !$
!!$
'2@ ! % % -X<899
%2: }9}Eu9)C #$ U +9d q)(*L 43
#D9 @D+ % . ) 9 2 t U + 3'(v
S"# O-s !$
!!$
& Y8 % ! 1 % 9 !% !
899 7!%<!$
'%(# 9)C94X ! t @&)S9&
'/. ) % ! v ) !

1 # 2 "!$# F@ ! % G- %(# <1 % 9 ! >t #! '?+Tv % !$
& 8*9 )(*L G3/5

#! 9 @ )S* . b %
' t U + . v
+ 9.&) % . b *
' t U + v
:
6#$ b (D
%2: e*}Eu9)C #$U +*
d /+
o+
! ) ) 3 "!:X" 4<1 % 9 ! >t #1'?+ vS2 !
89* )(*L G3/
6 9 >t # @D#!Yv 6 . >t + @D+ Tv 6 2 t U +U v
&3 ! ! !$ #!2 M+ - #$% 2@ M ! % U + .5 U + <9 !
3 % L ;F@ ! % ) 2 "# {
! !7!
# 8 ! 2 !X2@ M ! % : !$
5#$ 1 !!% b ) 2 4 "!X!$
D2@ ! % !$% > 6#$% +
%2: !$
!
%2: b )C9L G3/
b 9 # % . +*
2 t U + U dv
'yd
'y+ &3 ! ! !$U + U d'9 2@ ! % M U + .2 U + ) 4
&%: !$
!
6 9 tB#79 @D+ % ! . )v 6 2
.+
&%: !$
! "# ! ! 9 ) 2@ ! % U +9d . : !$
<#$ 1 !.!% );2 2@ M ! * ) !$
# &8 !.!% > "#%
# 8 ! /
Rt #7 9@ + % . )v9 ' t U +U v

:
6#$ t #1 ' + vS !$
!$# % ) # +
+FN9 ),# 9 #,@ # ) + 9 +G@ + )
&%: !$
! 9 2@ ! % U +*d .R %2: )(9L G3
9 !9 6G@ * % . % 86
'
t U + UCU v
:
6#$ ! ) ) #$ C N G* 2@ ! % U + d U + U + d x
%2: !$
! "228 % 3

:# !$! C

9 d Bt !G. "v @ d Bt !G@ "v % H@ d 9
2
t U + U v
d + "# ! ! * ) F@ ! % U + U : !$
G# 1 !=!% R 2 2@ M ! * ) !
# 8 !S!$% > "#% )
&%:
!
!
! 2 9 !@ '
t U + CU ? v

) L "# |-s 2@ M ! % U +*d
5 U + +
' O

' #
,Z !

21 !$6#;:X<: 98*8 T; L "# 8 !
@ - %(#'#$ 1 #$ ! 9&) !$

1 G% - 3 % & #
# )( % 9r< )C !$ <942) +
& '#$ 1 #$ ! ! % #$'!$
23 !# ! % % - )
#$ )( % 9}53 % 8*- %(# ):
%
4: 98*803 M -s 80* % 3 !#$ % )C ! % + "#$ ) :': 98*8w429 8*
3 8*9 ) : !
) #% 1 * ) % 1 "# ! % Y+E %(# 9 ! 2 )/!$
) #$% 1 9&) % - /) 1 % * ! 9 !$% !$# *)
/!
89* ) T # T8 )2 898*91 )(6! (+gE %(#S#$ 1 #$ ! 9&) #$ )C % :: 98*8T !$
28 n !# 2- %C# )
1/ # G ) @ !#$" T+.E %C#=# 1 # ! * )3 % & # :D: 98*8 T !
% )
G!# 2- %C# )
) "# 289*> % )
P!$# 2- %C# )
9 % ) P
1 53 "# + %y% W
1 4#$ 1 #$ ! ! %

&% 8 x3 % G1M ! ) % G1 8 6!$ ) &53 9)C % M ) e ! 3 8 +
"!
" % ) '( '

% )
R!# M- %(# "3 !%7# 1 # ! 1 8 T # L )" + ) + ) 8*9 ) T # T8 ) R1 # 23 % 8C )
NM G3r289 ! 68 "n 1 #$ $ % Y+
"# #$ % ! % 3 "!:X" !
% )
4!# M- %(#
!$
& 8 ( ! @ M #$ N ! +Z, !$
& 8 ( ! @ M #$ H 6!$
% ) % L "# { % !# 29 ! & ! % - 2@ ! % MH
!$% % G1 !7!
% 8* ! % 0+
&"#$ - %C#$ )/!$
/ 53 6#=% - F@ ! % = %C#$!
!$
& / 53 "#
% -X %2: Y+RZ, !
% &)
f!$# 2- %C# ) f "# { % M !$# * ! !$ 7 !$% % 1 !$'!

% 89 ! % 0+
"# - %(# )w!
&3 "#% - 2@ ! % 7D8 !$
2 !
/ 3 "#D% -X %2: Y+
"#
# 5 8 ! 91 8 % 89 ! % q* !
6( +oZ,P-z !) 9 4/ "C ) * % )
!# 2- %C# 9&)(8
% !# * ! M !$% % G1& !$ 898S1 % *3 8 % 89 ! % MT+
!R: "
% M !$# * ! L %(!$ H- %(#
6!7% -S1 % $93 8 % 89 ! % T+
% 89 ! % :

e
( !$
4 %(# ! % -SL %C!$ D 8 ! w+
"#$
!$
# G1 % $93 *89 ! ) 9 :
%
4!
53 "#% - % !# * ! H 2@ 8 !%!
53 "#% -S / %2: Y+

= "!
% < 6898 !$
t D % G1 8*9 ) % M vS "!$
% +
r9
! 1* #$'!$
- % 898 %2: * ) !
d(+ D % G8*G 8 !!$
& 9 *< / 53 6#% - % !# * ! !%< ! 94 !$!
% 89 ! % +
+DEu* !
R6#$#$%C# 3 "!:X" !$
! 94 !$ % 8* ! % f2 8*"8 ! 1 % 9 ! Y+Z- !$
"#$#%(# 8
!
!$
'!$% 8 "# )!
@ & *! )/ 8 ) %5!$% t$d2v +
;=>< ?A@B@DCFEHGJILK"MNK"OQPSRLK"R #U
#

4 5
3
5 c
y 2
4
3 1
2
x m
Eu*)( # +*d !Eg !$! 9 )<8*9 9 ) $!

% )
!# M- %(# +tz v % * ! H*41 +;ts3wv 9 9
(a) (b)
1# %C#$# 1 % 9 ) !$% 1 % 9 ! 9G1# +

89* =* !"# ! ! <9&)(8 1 % * ! +
!#"$&% '$)(+*
,-/.0#12243 .51768-/9:3;9<17=>=@?A243B.50#3 6C?!DC0.5E)FG-A2HI6CEJK.56'LA..0#3;3NMO?AFP.51>6C-/6PH:FQ2&.5ERFP17D80S.=>17-#3T.6.0#3
3 D83TUV6817- .R2XWY0#3T3PM?AFP.51768-Z6GH:F;=>17-#31[2DC1>\3]-Z^S_ !
àZ;b Pc dfe W7gPh
9<0#3]E3 FG- FPE53:.50#3:24=>6CUA3<FP- 'A 17- .53iE 3]U!.V6PHA.50!3j=>17-#3kWlY0!3<FGÂ6P\33PM?AFG.176C- FG-BÂ3E53i9<E517..53]-
FC2 !
<`md5n h obAp
Y0#1[2q12q.0#3'3PM?AFG.1768-6GHFr=717-!3;17- s 24UtF 3 )u9<17.50v2&=768UV3 n FP- 17- .53]E 3]U#. W;Y0!3]E53wHI68E53 )xF
UA6C1>-S. dy@cR h:17-.0#3 Qz 24UtF 3'1[2qJZFGU!UV3 .56FQ2&.5E)FG17D80S.T=>17-#3B17-.50!3 qz 24UAF 3 d 2&3]3'{l1>DC?#E3
e W>gGh)W 252&?#JQ3<.50tFG.9:3q0tFN\3n243i\3]ERFP=#3 D83qUA6C1>-S.)2 dy c) h ) dA|]cRC| h ) d#}PcRP} h ) pip]p ) d#~ cRP~ h17- /
24UtF 3r.569<0#1 093r9<FP-S.T.56QLA.BFZ=717-!3W'F 0UA6817- .1>-.0#3 d@cR h24UAF 3rJZFGUA2.6/FZ=71>-#3'17-.0#3
24UtF 3WY0!3P243T=71>-#3P217- .53]E)243 .:FP.F'2&17-#D8=73TUA6C17- .<17-.50#3 24UtF 3WY0tFG.UV6817- . d] P cj h1[2
.50!33P24.17JZFP.53 24=>6CUA3BFG- 1>-S.3]E 3iU#.6GHF;=717-!317- B 24UAF 3WY0#3BFG=>DC68E517.0#JHI6CELA..517-!Dr24.5E)FG1>DC0 .
=71>-#3P2.56r.50#3T3 D83TUV6817- .R2<?A241>-#D'.50!3 6C?#D80/.5E)FG-A2HI6CEJ1[2DC1>\3]-Q17-{l1>DC?#E3 e W W
Y0#3;UtFGERFPJQ3].3]E51>PFG.176C-Z6PH:F=71>-#3TDC1>\3]-Z17-/3NMO?AFP.51>6C- e W7g;0tFC2q68-#3;U#E6C^#=>3]JW<Y0!3;=71>-#3TUAFGE)FG=>=73]=
.56 A FPS1[20AFC2Q1>-SLA-#1>.53v24=>6CUA3 )q9<0#1 0 FG-a-#6C.ZÂ3E53]U!E53P2&3]-S.3 ^ _ F 6CJU#?#.53iE]W -#68.50#3iE
UAFPERFGJ3].53]E17PFP.51>6C-Q6PHF'=71>-#3T240!6G9<-17-{l1>DC?#E3 e W;1[2<FC2HI6C=7=>6P92 !
à 62! b 2&17-n c dfe W h
9<0#3]E3QZ12T.50#3FG-#D8=73QÂ3].&9:3]3]- t FG 12BFG- F/=717-!3 ) E)FN9<-UV3iE5UA3]- 1 ?#=[FGEHIE6CJ.0#3Q6CE17D817-.6
.50!3=71>-#3Â3]17-!D 3].3 .3 W,-Z.50!12 FC243 )#'FG- 0tFN\3LA-#17.3\8FG=>?#3P2wW -#6C.0#3]E<F \8FG- .RFPDC3;6PH?t2417-!D
.50!12UtFGERFPJQ3].3]E51>PFG.176C-1[2.0AFG. FP-Â3 6CJU#?#.53 HIE6CJ.50#3QD8ERF 173]- .BFG-#D8=73 ?#E51>-#D/.0#3Q3 D83
3].3 .176C-xWY0#3]E3wHI6CE3 )S1>-A24.3PF 6GH=766CU!17-#Dr.50#E6C?#D80FG=7=uUA6252&17^#=>3T\CFP=7?#3N2j6GH ) 93 FG- ?A24.<?t243.0#3
HIE6CJK.0#3'DCE)F 1>3]- .FP-#DC=>3W;Y0!12q9FN_ ) 68JQU#?#.)FG.176C-tFG= 6CJQU!=73] 17.&_r12qE3 ? 3 WY0#3rFP=7D86CE51>.50#J
HI6CE<LA..517-!D'=717-!3?A241>-#Dr.50#3TUA6C=[FGE<HI6CE5J6GHF2&.5ERFP17D80S.<=>17-#3T12D817\3]-17-{l17D8?#E53 e W e W
S q
: #
gCW
?AFP-S.17]3T.50!3UtFGERFPJQ3].3]E<2&UAF 3 ~ c]p]p]p]pip]pwc c) ~ c]p]pip]p]p]pXcR W
W{#6CE3PF 0Q3 DC3BUV6817- . d@cR h 6
HI68E dy à ~ cR c) bsb h 6
q`md h ob )
PcR ` GcR b g p
SW{l1>- .50#3T=>6 FG=@JZFPS1>JZF17-Z.50!3UtFGERFPJQ3].3]E<2&UAF 3kW
{ 17DC?!E53 e W ! 68?#DC0.5ERFP-A2 HI68E5J FG=>DC68E517.0#J HI68ELA.5.17-#D24.ERFG1>DC0 .<=71>-#3P2wW
{l1>DC?#E3 e W ! 6C=FPEHI6CEJ 6GH3NMO?AFP.51>6C-Z6GH24.ERFG1>DC0 .q=>17-#3kW

X
gCW
?AFP-S.17]3T.50!3UtFGERFPJQ3].3]E<2&UAF 3 ~ c]p]p]pip]p]pXc c ~!c]p]p]pXp]p]p]c W
` 62A b 241>- )
c @` c Sb g8W
{ 17DC?!E53 e W e! 6C?#D80Z.5ERFP-A2 HI68E5J FG=>DC68E517.0#J ?A2&17-#DrUA6C=[FGE<HI6CE5J6GH3PM?AFP.51768-Z6GH:2&.5ERFP17D80S.<=>17-#3W

#

gCW
?AFP-S.17]3T.50!3UtFGERFPJQ3].3]E<2&UAF 3
~ c]p]p]picR cR ~ cip]p]pXcR c ~#cip]p]pXc yp
HI68E dy <à ~ cR cR bsb h
HI68E dy <à | ~ cR | cR | jbzb h
6 dr h b dy h ` W
cR c ` cR c #b g p
{l17D8?#E53 e W ! 68?#DC0.5E)FG-A2HI6CE5J FP=7DC68E51>.50#J HI68E+Lt.5.51>-#D >1 E =>3W
gCW
?AFP-S.17]3T.50!3UtFGERFPJQ3].3]E<2&UAF 3
~ c]p]p]picR cR ~ cip]p]pXcR c ~#cip]p]pXc yp
{#6CE d ` ~ c c bsb h
q` 62#
q` ; 241>-
PcR ]c ` ]cR Pc #b g p
{l1>DC?#E3 e W ! 6C?#D80.5E)FG-A2HI6CEJFG=7D86CE17.50!J HI68E Lt.5.51>-#D 71 E =73'?t2417-!D UA68=FGETHI6CEJ 6PH<3PM?AFG.1768-6PHnF

1>E =>3W

$& &*
Y0#3T3PM?AFG.1768- 6PH:F 71 E =73 ]3 - .53]E3 PF . dPcR h9<17.0 E)F >1 ?A2 12DC1>\3]-Q^ _ !
dy h | b dT h | | `Sp dfe Wh
,-s.0#12 F824393Z0AF]\3Z.50#E3]3/?#- -#6P9<-A2 !]cPc WaY0#3iE53wHI68E53Z.50#3ZUAFPERFPJQ3].53iEr24UAF 3/1[2.0#E53] 3

1>JQ3]-A2&176C-tFG=WY0#3rFP=7D86CE51>.50#J HI68EqLA.5.17-#D 17E =73T?A2&17-#D 6C?#D80.5ERFP-A2 HI68E5J 12qD817\3]-17-{ 17DC?!E53 e W W
Y0#3TDCE)F 1>3]- .FG-#D8=73T17-SHI68E5JZFP.51>6C- FP-Z^V3T?A2&3 .56'E3 ? 3n.50#3 68JQU#?#.)FG.51>6C-AFP= 68JQU#=>3]S1>.&_;17-.50#1[2
F8243BFG=[246#W -#68.50#3iE<UAFGE)FGJQ3].3]E51>PFG.1768-Q6GHF 17E =7312DC1>\3]-Z^S_ !
` 62A dfe W e h

<àT &2 17- fd e W h
9<0#3]E3B;12.50!3DCE)F 1>3]-S.FP-#DC=>3WY0#3B241>JQU#=>1 LA3 FG=>DC68E517.0#J HI68ELA.5.17-#DrF 17E =7312D817\3]-17-Z{l1>DC?#E3

eW W

:
: ##

#3# ) # .#
) '( '
" %
6'HyFGE)V.0#3 68?#DC0.5E)FG-A2HI6CE5J 0AFC2<Â3]3]-?A243 .56 3].3 .240tFGUA3'9<0#1 0 FG-Â3;3] U#E53N25243 FG-tFG=7_ .

1 FG=7=>_W 6P93]\3]E)VJ FG- _/2&0AFGUA3P2T17-.0#3E3PFG=96CE= " FG-!-#6C.TÂ33iSU#E3P252&3 FG-tFG=7_ .51 FG=>=7_WB,-.0#62&3
F 8243P2$)S.50!3qD83]-#3]E)FG=71>]3 6C?!DC0Q.ERFG-t2 HI6CEJ FG-QÂ33]JU#=76P_3 .56 3].53 .FP-S_FGE^#17.ERFPE5_r240tFGUA3W:Y0#3
17- HI6CE5J FG.51>6C- 68-S.)FG1>-#3 17-'.50!3q3PM?AFP.51768-6PHFT240AFPUV3 FG-rÂ3 FPU#.5?!E53 17-F.)FG^#=>3 FG=>=73 ( +; YlFP^#=73kW
Y0#3QLAE)24.r24.3]Us1>-.50!3 D83]-#3]E)FG=>17]3 6C?#D80s.ERFG-t2 HI6CEJ 12;.6 3]\3]=768U.50!12 +; YlFP^#=73W{ 17ER2&.;.0#3
3]- .5E6C1 6GH.0#3T6C^ 3 .<12 3].3]E5J17-#3 F82HI68=7=>6G92 !
// ~ // ~ dy@cR h
` dy c) h
dfe W h
// ~ // ~ dy c) h

dfe W # h

` d@cR h c

9<0#3]E3 d@cR h12<F;^!17-AFPE5_Q1>JZFGD83 ) 3XLA-#3 FC2HI6C=>=76P92 !

dy@cR h ` g 1 H d@cR h1[2j68^ 3 .<U#1>S3]=

C6 .0#3]E59<1[243 dfe W h
#e W W qFOh:3] 24? .*)C 0HI6CE:.50A3PFPF . ! 0r3 DC3nUV6817- . yd )c h )O.0#3\3 .56CE ` d 7c) h 1[2 ]3 .53]EJQ17-!3 Qd F82240!6G9<-Z1>-Q{l1>DC?#E3

àb dfe W h

àb dfe W7g h

Y0#3Z17-SHI68E5JZFP.51>6C-FGÂ6C?#.r.50!3 \3 .6CER2T12 6C=>=73 .3 17-.0#3 Y FG^#=>3 d FC2'2&0#6P9<-17-{l1>DC?#E3
e W # W ^ h9<0#1 0r1217- 3]S3 ^S_r.50#3DCE)F 1>3]- .<FG-!DC=73kWY0#3]E5312:FE6G9 6CE5E3P24UA68- 17-!D'.56;3NF 0QUA6252&17^#=>3

\8FG=>?#36GH .0#3DCERF 173i-S.FG-#D8=731>-.0#3 YlFP^#=73W,-Q.0#3n243 68- 68=7?#J-'6GH.50#1[2.)FG^#=>3.50!3 \3 .568ER2

9<17.0Z.50#3B25FPJQ3 FP-#DC=>3'FGE3B24.568E53 W

q?#E17-#Dr.50#3TE3 6CD8-#17.1768- U!0AFC2&3 )#.50#3FG1>J 1[2+.6 3].53 .<.50#3TU#E3P243i- 36PH:FD817\3]- 240AFPUV3 3wLA-!3

^ _;.50!3 Y FG^#=>3 ) FG- 1 3]-S.1 HI_T=76 FG.51>6C-A29<0#3iE53<17.12U#E53N243]- .]W {#6CE3PF 0'3 DC3<UA6C1>-S. )O.0#3<DCE)F 1>3]- .
FG-!DC=731[2 3].53iE5JQ1>-#3 )XFG- 12 ?t243 .5617- 3].50#3 YlFP^#=73W Y0#3:F ?#Jr?#=FP.568E@FGEERF]_1[2 17- E3]JQ3]- .53
!
^ _ZFG=>= \3 .6CE)2U#E53P2&3]- .17-Z.0#3T3]-S.E5_ZF82jHI6C=>=76P92 !

àb dfe W7g8gGh

àb dfe W7g Oh
#"
Y0#3=>6 FG.1768- 6PH .50#3B2&0AFGUA3T12 3].53iE5JQ1>-#3 ^ _r1 3]- .51 HI_S1>-#DT.50#3n=76 FP= JZFPS1>JZFq17-r.50!3;F ?#Jr?#=[FG.568E
FGEERF]_ c) WY0#3 6CJQU!=73].3FP=7DC68E51>.50#J 1[2DC1>\3]-Z17-{l17D8?#E53 e W W
Y0#12FP=7DC68E51>.50#J9<1>=7=#-#68.^V3nFG^!=73.56 3].3 ..0#3<E568.RFG.3 FP- 2 FG=>3 \3]ER2&176C-'6PH FDC1>\3]-'6C^ 3 .]W

6P93i\3]*E ) 17.<12<\3]E_Q17JQUA68E5.RFP-S.HI68EFr\S1[241768-24_!24.53iJ.6Â3FG^#=>3;.561 3]- .51 HI_.0#3'2 FG=>3 )#E6C.RFP.53 )

FG- .5E)FG-A2&=FG.3 \3]ER2&176C-6PH<.0#368^ 3 .iWY0!3]E53wHI68E53 )u93r9<17=7= 12 ?A2520#6P9 .50#3FG=>DC6CE17.0#J FG-vÂ3
JQ6 1 LA3 .6QF 0!173]\3.50#1[2wW
3 -#6P9.0AFG.'1 H d c) h1[2E568.RFP.53 FPE568?#- T FPS1[2^ _FP-FG-!DC=73 )l.50!3Q-#3]9 668E 1>-AFG.3P2
d cR h:FPE53TDC1>\3]-Q^ _ !
$ &%
' '
` 6k2# b 241>-

' dfe W7g h
` n 241>- b 62A
' dfe W7g h
#

g g
g "
g g g

g "
" " " "
(xc , yc ) "

y’
g "

x’
φ
(x,y)

g "

d FOh d^ h
{l1>DC?#E3 e W # ! 3]-!3]ERFP=717i3 6C?#D80.5E)FG-A2HI6CE5J W d Fh - FGE^#17.ERFGE_240AFPUV3'9<1>.50 3]- .5E5681 FG. d cR 4hRW
Y0#3'.)FG-#D83]-S.nFG-!DC=73rFP.UA6C1>-S. d@cR h1[2 ) FP- FP- FGE3;E53N24UA3 .17\3]=>_.0#3 1[24.)FG- 3'1>- FP-
17E3 .176C-t2jHIE56CJ d@cR hUV6817- .q.6.0#3 3]-S.E5681 6GH.0#3T6C^ 3 .]W d ^ h Y FG^!=73W<Y0!3LAE)24. 6C=>?#JQ-

68-S.)FG17-t2+.0#3TDCERF 173i-S.FP-#DC=>3P2 )AFP- .0#3B243 68- 6C=>?#JQ- 6C- .RFG1>-A2.50!3 dy 7cR h\3 .56CE)2wW

Cg W
?AFP-S.17]3T.50!3UtFGERFPJQ3].3]E<2&UAF 3 ~ c]p]p]pXp]p]pXcR cR ~ c]pip]pwpip]p]cR p
SW{#6CE3PF 0Q3 DC3BUV6817- . d@cR h 6
"
68JQU#?#.3 dy@cR h
HI68Eq3PF 0Z.)FG^#=>33i-S.E5_'HI6CE 6

à;b dfe >W g]h

` b fd e >W g e h
c) @` cR #b g p
{l1>DC?#E3 e W ! 3]-!3]ERFP=717i3
6C?#D80/.5E)FG-A2HI6CEJKFP=7D86CE51>.50#J W
O j #
1>JQ17=[FGE5=>_ )C.0#3B2 FP=73 GF - 5E 68.RFP.53 \ 3]E)241768-Z6GH d cR h1[2DC1>\3]-Q^ _ !

` d 6k2# b 241>-Oh

' dfe 7W g # h
` d 2&17- b 6k2Vh
' fd e 7W g Oh
#
?#^t24.51>.5?#.17-#D'.0#3BFGÂ6P\3;3PM?AFP.51768-A217-Z3PM?AFP.51768-A2 e W Ie W>g 9:3D83]. !

` b kd 62! b 2417-h

dfe 7W g Oh
#
` b d5n 241>- b 62AOh

fd e W h
"
q6P9 )C1 H .0#3<3PM?AFG.1768-A2 e W>g] fe W7g e FGE3<E53]U#=[F 3 ^S_T.50!3FGÂ6P\3<3PMO?tFG.51>6C-A21>-'.50#3<D83]-#3]E)FG=71>]3 68?#DC0

.5E)FG-A2HI6CEJ FG=>DC68E517.0#J DC1>\3]-17-z{l17D8?#E53 e W ).0#3/E6C.RFP.53 FP- 2 FG=>3 \3iER241>6C-6GH2&0AFGUA3

FP-sÂ3
3].3 .3 W

%

0AFP17- 6 3/1[2'F\3]E5_241>JQU#=>3Q.53 0#-#1[MO?!3HI6CE'E3]U#E53N243]- .51>-#Dv240AFPUA36GH 68-S.6C?#EiW ,- 0AFP17- 6 3
3PF 0 17E53 .53 =>17-#3243iDCJQ3]- .53 1[2F8252&17DC-!3 F 6 3WY9:6/UA62241>^#=73 6 3P2'FGE3Z240!6G9<-1>-{l1>DC?#E3
e W SW F ^@W ,-z# {l17D8?#E53 e W WF.50#3 1>E53 .51768-A2'FGE3M?AFG- .51>]3 1>-S.6 HI68?#ErUV6k252&17^#=>3 17E53 .51>6C-A2 !
g @FP- 3]D8E53]3N2wW<Y0#3 6CEE53P2&UA6C- 1>-#D 6 3P2HI6CE.50!3P243 17E3 .51>6C-A2<FPE53 ! g rFG- WY0#3

0AFG1>- 6 36PHF 6C- .56C?!E12.50#3 68- FP.53]-AFP.51>6C-Q6PH 6 3P26GH 1>- 17\ 1 ?AFG=A=71>-#3T2&3]DCJQ3i-S.)2wW Y0#3 0tFG17-
" "
6 3'6PH:F 68-S.6C?#E 240#6P9<-17- {l17D8?#E53 e W SW 12<DC1>\3]-/1>-{l1>DC?#E3 e W SW W q68.53B.50AFP..50#1[2 0AFP17- 6 3

12 3]UA3]- 3]- .;?!UV68-s.0#324.RFPE5.'UA6C1>-S. FP- 6C-z.50#3Z6CE173]- .RFP.51>6C-6PH.0#3 6C- .568?#E]W,.;1[2 3P2&17ERFP^#=73

.56Z0AF]\3 6 39<0#1 012.5E)FG-A2&=FP.51768- @E568.RFG.1768- FP- 2&.RFPE5.TUA6C17- .T17- 3]UA3]- 3]- .]WB,fH:.50#3 68-S.6C?#ET1[2
E568.RFP.53 ^ _ 9<0#3]E53 12FG-Z1>-S.3]DC3]E C.50!3]-ZF 6C-A2&.RFG- . 1[2j3 3 .17\3]=>_BF 3 .56B.50#3 6 3
6GH3PF 0Z=71>-#3T2&3]DCJQ3i-S.iW 17- 3n.50#3 3]E17\8FG.17\36PHF 6C-A2&.RFG- .12]3]E6 .50#3 0AFG1>- 6 3 FG-ZÂ3TJZF 3

E568.RFP.51768-1>-S\8FPE51FP-S.T^ _2&17JQU#=>_Q?A2&17-#DZ.50!3LAE)24. 1 3iE53]- 3'6GH<.0#3 0AFG1>- 6 3r17-A2&.53PF WrY0#3 6 3

FP-/Â3;JZF 31>-S\8FGE1FP-S.<.6.0#3'2&.RFGE.qUA6817- .q^ _Q-#68E5JZFP=717i17-#DB.50#3TLAER2&. 1 3]E53]- 3T24? 0.50AFP.q1 H.0#3
6 3r1217- .53]EU#E53].3 F82TFG-v17- .53]D83]E 1>.12.0#3'JQ17-!17J'?#J UA6252&17^#=>31>-S.3]DC3iE]WBY0#3-!6CE5J FG=71>]3 LAER2&.
1 3iE53]- 36PH:F 0AFP17- 6 3;1[2 FG=>=73 2&0AFGUA3'- ?#JÂ3]EiWY0#3;- ?#JrÂ3]E6PH 17DC1>.R21>-Fr240AFPUV3'- ?#JrÂ3]E
12 FG=>=73 .0# 3 !6PH240tFGUA3- ?#JrÂ3]E]W 68JQ3;3i#FPJQU#=73N26GH2&0AFGUA3r-S?!JÂ3]E6GH:6CE 3]E e lFP-
FGE3B240#6P9<-/1>-{l17D8?#E53 e W>g W
{l17- 17-#DZ.0#3Q2&0AFGUA3Q- ?#JrÂ3]E6GH+FG-FPE5^#1>.5E)FGE5_68^ 3 .T6CE173]- .53 17-FG-FPE5^#1>.5ERFPE5_ 1>E53 .51768-17-
\6C=>\3P22&3]\3]ERFP=#2&.53]Ut2wW,-68E 3iEj.6TDC3].:FG- F ?!ERFG.3240AFPUA3-S?!JÂ3]E 9<17.0HI3]9:3]E 1>DC1>.R"2 .0#3 6C- .56C?!E
-#3]3 2.56TÂ3qE3 2FGJQU!=73 9<1>.50F 6FGE)243]ED8E51 9<0#1 0'1[2jFP=71>DC-#3 9<17.0.0#3<JZFP17-rFG 3P26GHx.50#36C^ 3 .]W
Y0#1[2q9<17=>=lJQ1>-#17Jr17X3.0#3rMO?tFG- .517NFG.51>6C-3]E5E6CE]$ W #-#3'UA6k25241>^#=73'9F]_ .6ZF 0#1>3]\3T.50#1[2q12q.6Q17JUV6k243F
DCE1 9<0#62&3<JZF 6CE FP- JQ1>-#6CE FPS3P2 FGE3<UAFGE)FG=>=73]=.6.50#3:JZF 68E FG- JQ1>-#6CE FPS1[2 6PHA.50!3E53 .RFP-#DC=>33]-
=>6241>-#DT.50#3<68^ 3 . SFP- .50#3<3 3]- .5E51 17.&_6PH@.0#3<DCE1 FG- 3i- =76k241>-#DE53 .RFP-#DC=>3FGE53nFGU!U#E56P 17JZFP.53]=>_
.50!3;2FGJQ3kWY0#3 68JQU#=73i.53nFG=7D86CE17.50!J1[2DC1>\3]-Q17-{l1>DC?#E3 e W7g8gCW

2
1 3
1
2 0 4 0
5 7
3
6
(a) (b)
0 0
1 3 chain code 001003333212322111
0 0
1 3
first difference 3 0 1 3 0 3 0 0 0 3 3 1 1 3 0 3 0 0
1 2 3
3 1 shape number 0 0 0 3 3 1 1 3 0 3 0 0 3 0 1 3 0 3
1 3
2 2 2
{l1>DC?#E3 e W ! 0AFPUA3Q-S?!JÂ3]EiW d Fh d ^ h Y96/UA6k25241>^#=73 A0 FG1>- 6 P3 2XW d h

(c) (d)
68-S.6C?#ET9<17.0F t0 FG17-
6 3kW d h A

0 FPUV3B-S?!JÂ3]E:6GH 6C- .568?#E2&0#6P9<-/1>- d h)W

_SE)FGJQ1 12q\3iE5_/?t243wHI?#= FP.RF24.5E? .?#E53'HI6CETE53iU#E53P2&3]- .517-!DQ17JZFPDC3'E3]DC1>6C-A2XW

_SE)FGJQ1 1[2 ^!?#17=>.^ _
?A2&17-#DBJ?#=>.51>U#=73 6CU#1>3P2j6PH.0#317JZFPDC3WjF 0=73]\3]=!17-Q.0#3U _SE)FGJQ1 12 6GH.50#3T2&17]36GH .0#3U#E3]\ 176C?t2
=73i\3]=W Y0#3=>6P93P2&.=73i\3]=#17-.50#3U _ ERFGJ1 12j6PH.0#30#1>DC0#3N24.<E53N246C=>?#.51>6C-!FG- .0#30#1>DC0#3P2&.=>3]\3]=#1[26GH

.50!3=>6P93P2&.<E53P2&6C=7?!.51768-@W
3]3B{l1>DC?#E3 e W7g HI68EFG-/3i#FPJQU#=73kW
#"
a"#$&"(!" $

, - FP?A252&1FP-/U _SE)FGJQ1 .50#3T=>6G9:3P24.:=73]\3i= ! #12.50!368E5 1>DC17-t FG=@17J FGDC3#"VWY0#3;=>3]\3]= $&% S1[2 6CJQU!?#.53
^ _Q93]1>DC0 .53 FN\3iERFGD817-#D'6PH\8FG=>?#3P217-Z=>3]\3]='%)( 17-F 9<1>- 6P9mF82jHI6C=7=>6P92 !
| |
'% d *5c + h ` , , dc 1h '%)( d * bc +b h p dfe W gGh
( | ~ ( |
" " "
0
Y0#121[22&0#6P9<- D8ERFPU#0#1 FG=7=>_1>-Z{l1>DC?#E3 e W>g];HI6CE68-#3 17J3]-A241>6C-AFP= FC2&3W q6C.3.50tFG.<.50!3 3]-A2&17.&_

-/. .
6GH-#6 3N217-Z=73]\3i3= 2 1>-Z6C-#3 17JQ3]-t241768- d .&96 1>JQ3]-A2&176C-t2 h 120AFG= H d 68-#3qHI6C?!E5.50uh.50#3T-#6 3N2<FG.<=73i\3]=

2 g8WY0#3]E53XHI6CE5 3 #.50#1[2U#E56 3N252<12 FP=7=73 54768:9:46CUA3]E)FG.51>6C- !

% ` 54768:9:4 %)( p

dfe W Oh " "
Y0#3TJZFC2 ; dc h:FPU#U#E6G 17J FG.53N<2 nFG?A2241[FG- uFG- 12<2&3]UAFGE)FG^#=>3 #.50tFG.<12 !

0
dc h ` d h d h p dfe W 8Oh "
Y0#3T6C-!3 1>JQ3]-A2&176C-tFG=AJZFC2 ; dy h #12D83]-#3]E)FG.3 ?A241>-#D.0#E53i3 6C-t24.5E)FG1>-S.)2wW

0 0 0
0

Sg

0 0 0
3 1 1 3
2 2 2
chain code 0123 chain code 003221
first different 1111 first different 303303
shape number shape number 033033

1111
(a) (b)
0 0 0
3 1 3
1 0
3 1 3
1
2 2 2 2
chain code 00332211 chain code 03032211
first different 30303030 first different 33133030
shape number 03030303 shape number 03033133
l{ 1>DC?#E3 e W7g ! 68JQ3<3]!FGJQU!=73P2@6GH 240AFPUV3- ?#JÂ3]EiW d FOh # E 3]E e 2&0AFGUA3-S?!JÂ3]EiW d ^ h # E 3]E 240tFGUA3
(c) (d)
- ?#JÂ3]EiW d h d h #E 3]E r240AFPUV3B-S?!JÂ3]EiW

!
gCW{l1>- 3 3i-S.E51 17.&_ !

d FhZ{l1>- .&96TUA6C17- .R2FP.j.0#3<JZFPS1>J?#J 1[24.RFP- 3<HIE568Jo3PF 0'68.50#3]EiWY0#3=717-!3 6C1>-#17-!D.0#62&3
UA6C1>-S.)212.50!3J F 6CEFPS1[2wW
d ûhZY0#3T=71>-#3UA3]EUV3i- 1 ?#=FPE<.56r.50#3TJZF 68E<FPS1[212.50!3J17-#68E<FG 12XW
d h 3]- .5E1 1>.&_ 1[2D817\3]-v^S_v.50!3QERFP.51766PH.0#3QJZF 6CEBFG- JQ1>-#6CEBFPS1[26GHn.50!3Q3]- =>62&17-#D
E53 .RFP-#DC=>36GH.0#3T6C^ 3 .]W
SW,JQUA62&3<FqD8E51 24.5E? .?#E5324? 0'.50AFP..50!3<3 3]- .5E1 1>.&_<6GHu.50#3<D8E51 12 3PMO?tFG= .56.0#3<3 3i-S.E51 17.&_
"
6PH3]- =>62&17-#D'E3 .RFP-#DC=>3W

SW{l1>- .50#3B2&0AFGUA3;- ?#JrÂ3]E]W
{l1>DC?#E3 e W7g8g ! =7D86CE17.50!J HI68E 86 JQU#?#.17-#D240AFPUA3;- ?#JÂ3]E:6GHFG- FGE5^!17.5E)FGE_Q6C^ 3 ]. W

"

Level 1: 1x1
Level 2: 2x2
Level 3: 4x4
i
2i
Level 4: 8x8
2i+1
2j 2j+1
Level 10: 512x512
{l17D8?#E53 e W7g" ! _ ERFPJQ1 W

Gaussian Pyramid
g2
c b a b c
g1
c b a b c
g0
g0 = IMAGE
{l1>DC?#E3 e W7gi ! 68-#3 17JQ3i-A241>6C-AFP=qD8ERFGU!0#1 E3]U#E53N243]- .RFP.51768- 6GHB.50!3U#E56 N3 252Q9<0#1 0 DC3i-#3]ERFP.53P2F

g1 = REDUCE[g0]
nFG?A2241[FG-U _SE)FGJQ1 W

C

gCWY0#3TJZF82 ;240#68?#= Â3'24_ JQJQ3i.5E&1 8.50AFP.<12

d * h ` d5* h HI6CE l* `Sc g c " dfe W e h
"
0 0
SWY0#3 24?#J 6GHJZFC2;r240#68?#= Â3'g8W 3]. d h ` d gPh ` d gGh ` !FG-
" d h ` d Oh `
" "
WY0#3]- 0 0 0 0 0
b b ` g p " " dfe W h

"
SW >= = -#6 3P2FG.nF'DC17\3i-Q=73]\3i= Jr?A24. C6 - .5E17^#?#.3T.50#3B25FPJQ3T.568.RFG= 93i17DC0 .<.56r-#6 N3 2qFP.q.0#3;-#3iS.

0#1>DC0#3iE<=73]\3]=
b ` ip " " dfe W h "
241>-#D'.50!3;FPÂ6G\3T.0#E53]3 86 -A24.ERFP17- .R2"#9:3T0AF]\3 !

d h Àc dfe W # h "
d gGh ` d gPh ` e g c

0
dfe W Oh "
0 0
d h ` d Oh ` e g p
" " dfe W Oh "
0 0 "
Y0#3 4
6K68UV3iERFG.1768-3P252&3]-S.1FP=7=7_3]SUtFG- 2nFG-17J GF DC3T6PH<2&17]3 b g;1>-S.6QFP-17JZFPDC3B6GH
" 241>]3 b g !
% ~'` 4
6 % ~ ( yc
dfe W h
9<0#1 0 FP- Â3 68JQU#?#.3 ?A2&17-#Dr.50#3HI68E5Jr?#=FB2417J17=FPE.56 e W SgBFC2HI6C=>=76P92 ! "
| . |
d c h p % ~ ( d * c +;
hc
.
% ~ d*c+ h ` , , dfe W gGh
( | ( | 0
.
" "
.
9<0#3]E5 3 % ~ 12.50!3 1>( JZFGD83BFG. =7( 3]~\3]= 2 6C^!.RFG1>-#3 ^S_ZFPU#U#=>_S1>-#D 4 6.6 % .51>JQ3P2wW3]E5368-#=7_

.53iE5JZ2lHI6CE:9<0#1 0 | - #FP- | FPE531>-S.3]DC3]E)2FPE531>- =7? 3 W #q-!3.51>JQ3<3] UAFG-A2&1768- 6PH.0#31>JZFGD83FP.
=73i\3]= 2 FG-ZÂ3;68^#.RFP17-#3 F82 !
| . |
d c h p % d * c +' hc
.
% d *5c+ h ` , , dfe W Oh
( | ( | 0
"
.
" "
.
nFG?A2241FP-US_ ERFPJQ1 HI6C

E FPJ^#?!E5D;.)FG 1@17JZFPDC312240#6P9<-Z17-{l1>DC?#E3 e W7g e W
Y0# 3 @FPU#=F 1FP-US_ ERFPJQ1 V1[2+D83]-#3]E)FG.3 ^ _ 6CJQU!?#.51>-#D'.50#3 1 u3]E53]- 3T^V3i.49:3]3]-17JZFPDC3P2<FP.
24? 3P22417\3n=73]\3]=[26GHU _SE)FGJQ1 !
% ` % 4
6 %! yp dfe W8Oh
F 0;-#6 3<17-T17JZFPDC"3 % E53]U!E53P2&3]-S.)2 .0#3E53P2&?#=7. 6GHVFGU#U#=>_S1>-#DnF #1 u3]E3]- 36GHu.&9: 6 FP?A252&1FP-;HI?#- .176C-t2
.56'.0#368E517D817-AFP=@17JZFPDC3W Y0#3 1 u3]E53]- 3q6PH nFP?A252&1FG-123PMO?!17\8FG=>3]-S..6'.50#$ 3 @FGU!=F 1FG-Z6PH nFG?t25241[FG-
6CUA3]E)FG.6CE 6CJQJ6C-#=>_'?A243 1>- 3 DC3 3].3 .176C-xW
q173iERFGE 0!1 FP= q1[2 E3].53 6CE5E3]=FP.51>6C- % 1[2q2&17JQ1>=FPE.56 54768:9:4 6CUA3]E)FG.51>6C- u3] 3]U#..5 0AFP.
.50!3 3]-A241>.&_6PH-#6 3P2<E53iJZFG1>-A2LA 3 FG.<3NF 0 =>3]\3]=yWlY0!1212<2&0#6P9<-/D8ERFGU!0#1 FP=7=>_Q17-{l1>DC?#E3 e W7g W

e

{ 17DC?!E53 e W>g e! n FG?A2241[FG-U _SE)FGJQ1 HI68Eq.)FG 1@17JZFPDC39<17.50 ` p e W
g3
c c
b a b
g2
c b a b c
g1
c b a b c
{ 17DC?!E53 e W>g ! 6C-#3 1>JQ3]-A2&1768-AFG=uDCERFPU#0#1 E3]U#E3P243]- .RFP.51>6C-Z6GH.50#3$

g0
U#E56 P3 252XW
C

Cg W52 ` =>6CD - ~ W
"SW <3wH 17- 6P9 à B 9<1>- 6P9 HIE6CJE53XHI3]E53]- 3U _SE)FGJQ1 3i-S.3]E53 FG..50!3HI3PFG.?#E53<HIE568J=73]\3]=
$
d 2fh)W
SW,-#U#?!. 17- 6P9 ` 9<17- 6G9 HIE568J 17-#U#?!.FG.<.50!3=>3]\3]= 2 d 9<0#6C=>31>JZFGD83TFG.=73i\3]= 2fh)W
$ " "
e W{l1>- .50#3TÂ3P2&.qJZFP. 06PH <3wH 17- 6G9a17-Z.0#3B, -!U#?#. 1>- 6P9 S=>3].<17.<Â3BFG. d c &hRW
$ $

W<1 H 2 ` .0#3]-24.6CU #3i=243 2 ` 2 gCW

W,-#U#?!. 17- 6P9 ` 9<17- 6P9 FG. =73]\3]= 2 3]- .53]E3 FG. =>6 FG.176C- 6CEE53P2&UA6C- 1>-#D
$ " "
d c 4h)W
# W <3wH 17- 6P9 `m 9<17- 6G9 3]- .53iE53 FP.<.50#3HI3PFP.5?#E3HIE56CJ =>3]\3]= d 2IhRW

$
SW<D86C.56 24.53iU e W
{l17D8?#E53 e W7g ! =7DC68E51>.50#JHI6CE 86 E5E3]=FP.51768-Z?A241>-#DU _ ERFGJ1 2XW

:##*&"!$ +( #$5(% !" $5

_SE)FGJQ1 2 FP- Â3?A243 HI6CE243]\3iERFG=<U!?#E5UA62&3P2"HI68E3]!FGJU#=73 .50#3i_ FG-zÂ3/?A2&3 HI68E3 1>3]-S.=7_
68JQU#?#.17-#DT.50!3 6CE5E3]=FP.51>6C-@W 6CE5E3]=FP.51>6C-Z12?A243 1>-Q.53]JU#=FP.53JZFG. 0#1>-#D89<0#3]E53 F;DC17\3i-QUAFG..53]E-

6GH F/DCE)F]_=>3]\3]=9<17- 6G91[2;UAFC2243 .0#E568?#DC0.50!3 1>JZFGD83.6 LA- .0#3QÂ3P2&.'JZFG. 0@W Y0#12 FG-Â3
F 0#1>3]\ 3 9<17.0# 6C?!.j?t2417-!D;U _SE)FGJQ1 2wW 224?#JQ3<. 0AFG.:93 0AF]\3<.5 6TLA- FJZFP. 0'6GHFg g 9<1>- 6P9
17-vF 17J FGDC3kWT{t68E.50!12q9:3'-#3]3 d B g h d g h ` c g.3P24.)2w$ W q6P93]\3]E
17. FG-Â3;2&0#6P9<-Z.50AFP.q?A2&17-#D'U _ ERFGJ1 .50#3T.53N24.R2 FG-ZÂ3E3 ? 3 .56r6C-!=7_ e vd g qb gGh | ` g c g
" " " "
9<0#1 0Z12<F;^!17Dr17JQU#E6P\3]J3X- .]W

Y0#3'FP=7D86CE51>.50#J HI68E 6CEE53]=[FG.176C-Z?A2&17-#DUS_ ERFPJQ1 212<DC1>\3]-Z17-{ 17DC?!E53 e W>g Wn,-/.50!12FG=7D86CE17.50!J
LAE)24. Z 9<17- 6P9 HIE568J .0#3T0#17D80#3P24.<=>3]\3]= d 2Ih6PH.0#3TUS_ ERFPJQ1 12?A243 .6Lt- .50#3Â3P2&.qJ FG. 0
17-r.50!3 9<17- 6P9z17-'.50!3q1>-#U#?#.U _SE)FGJQ1 FG..0#32FGJQ3<=>3]\3]=yW 252&?#JQ3:.50AFP..50!3<^V3N24.J FG. 0
hRW q6P9 9<1>- 6P9 HIE6CJ .0#3-#3iS.<=>3]\3]= d 2 gPh6GH.50#3TE53XHI3]E53]- 3qU _ ERFGJ1
!" "
12<FP. d c
12?A243 .6LA- .0#3Â3P2&.<JZFG. 0r17-Q.0#3 9<17- 6G9a17-.50#31>-#U#?#.:US_ ERFPJQ1 3]- .53iE FGE568?#-

hFG..0#3r25FPJQ3T=73]\3]=yWY0#12<U#E56 3P252 68-S.17- ?#3P2<?#-S.17=@.0#3;Â3P2&.JZFG. 012HI6C?#- FG..0#3

" "
d c
=76P9:3P24.<=>3]\3]=A6GHUS_ ERFPJQ1 W

:
?AF .E53]3Q1[2;F/?A2&3wHI?#= FG.)F24.5E ?#.?#E53Q.6E53]U!E53P2&3]-S.BF/E3]DC1>6C-@W .3i\3]E5_-#6 3 6PHTFM?AF .E53]3

.50!3]E53 FG-QÂ3JZFPS1>J?!J 6PHlHI68?#E 3P2 3i- FG- .R2XWY0#3]E3TFGE3.50#E3]3.&_ UV3N2j6GH 3P2 3i- FG- .R2 !
,&Y<mFG- WY0#3 -#6 3 68E5E53N24UA6C- .56 F/E53]D8176C-9<0#1 012?!-#1 HI68E5JQ=>_/^#=[F

FG- .50#3 ,&Y<s-#68.53 6CE5E3P24UA68- .56ZF'E53iDC1768-9<0#1 0Z12<?#-#1 HI6CE5J=7_r9<0#17.3W 0#1>=73 -#6 3
$ "! ;
68E5E53N24UA6C- 2+.6QF'E53]D81768- 9<0!1 0 1[2<F;JQ17 .5?!E536GH^#=[F QFP- 9<0!17.53TU#1>S3i=2wW

$ $ #!
;
,. 1[2Q3PFC2&_ .56sD83]-#3]E)FG.3FM?AF .E53]3/HIE6CJ FUS_ ERFPJQ1 6GHrFP- 17J FGDC3kWY0#3FP=7DC68E51>.50#J HI68E
DC3i-#3]ERFP.51>-#DZM?AF .E53]3B12<DC17\3i-/17-.50#3{l17D8?#E53 e W7g # WTY0#E3]3;=>3]\3]=26PHU _SE)FGJQ1 6PHFG-17J FGDC3AFG-
17.)2 6CEE53P2&UA6C- 1>-#DMO?AF .E53]31[2<240#6P9<-17-{l17D8?#E53 e W7g W

gCW,fH.4_ UA3T6GH
_ ERFPJQ1 12 6CE n,4Y<.50#3i-/E53i.5?#E-@W
$
3]=[243
d Fh <3 ?#E)2417\3i=7_Lt-
.0#3BMO?AF .5E53i36PH:2468?#.50 3PF824.nMO?tF E)FG- .]W
d ûh <3 ?#E)2417\3i=7_Lt-
.0#3BMO?AF .5E53i36PH:2468?#.50 9:3P24.nMO?tF E)FG- .]W
d h <3 ?#E)2417\3i=7_Lt-
.0#3BMO?AF .5E53i36PH-#68E5.50 3PF824.nMO?tF E)FG- .]W
d h <3 ?#E)2417\3i=7_Lt-
.0#3BMO?AF .5E53i36PH-#68E5.50 9:3P24.M?AF ERFG- .]W
SW <3].5E?#-@W
"
{l1>DC?#E3 e 7W g # ! =>DC6CE17.0#J HI6CE 6CJQU#?!.517-!DrMO?AF .5E53i3?t2417-!D'US_ ERFPJQ1 W
g g g
g WHITE
g
g
g GRAY
BLACK
Level 3 Level 2 Level 1 Level 0
{ 17DC?!E53 e W7g ! ?AF .E53]3TDC3i-#3]ERFP.51>6C-@W

& v
:

#
{l1>DC?#E3 e W>g ! 3 1FG=FG 12.ERFP-A2 HI68E5JWZY0#3UV6817- .R2T6C-.50#3rJQ3 1FG=FG 12TFGE3Q.50#3 3]- .53]E)2 6PH.50#3
JZFPS1>JZFG= 17E ?#=[FGE-#3]1>DC0 ^V68E50#66 2.56C.)FG=>=7_ 6C- .RFP17-#3 17-r.50!3T240AFPUA3W q6C.3q.0AFG.<.0#3 3]- .53]E)26PH .50#3

24J FG=7=>3]E 17E =73P2 d 2&0#6P9<- 68.5.3 h 6'-#6C. 68-A24.17.5?!.53T.50#3TJQ3 1FP= FPS1[2jHI6.0#12<2&0AFGUA3W

gCW,.53iERFG.17\3]=>_ C6 JU#?#.53 FC2HI6C=>=76P92 !

d@cR h ` d@cR h b J17- d ( d c hh

dfe W e h
d c h2&? 0 .0AFG. *
dd@cR h c]d c h5h g8W
SW 3 1FG= FPS1[212D817\3]-Q^ _ZFP=7=@UA6C1>-S.)2 d@cR h:24? 0Z.50AFP. !
"
dy@cR h d c h c

dfe W h
d c h2&? 0 .0AFG. *
{l1>DC?#E3 e W ! , .53iERFG.17\3TFP=7D86CE51>.50#J HI6CE 86 JQU#?#.17-#D'JQ3 1 FP= FPS1[2.5E)FG-A2HI6CE5J W

"

$
Y0#3JQ3 1[FG= FPS1[2.ERFP-A2 HI68E5J12?A2&3 .56BE53]U!E53P2&3]-S. .50!32&0AFGUA36GH@E3]DC1>6C-A2XWY0#121[2lÂFC2&1 FP=7=>_'FT2 ;3]=>3
.568-/6PH.50#3TE3]DC1>6C-@W #-#3T9<F]_Q.56 3wLt-#3T.50#3TJQ3 1FG=xFG 121[2<FC2HI6C=7=>6P92 ! .50#3TUA6C1>-S.)2+68-/.50!3J3 1FP=
FG 12TFPE53Q.0#3 3]-S.3]ER26PH.50#3rJZFG 17J FG= 1>E ?#=[FGET-#3]1>DC0 Â6CE50!66 2;.568.RFG=>=7_ 6C- .RFP17-#3 1>-.0#3Q2&0AFGUA3
d 2&3]3'{ 17DC?!E53 e W>g hRW -1>.53]E)FG.51>\3BFG=7D86CE17.50!J HI68E 68JQU#?#.17-#Dr.50#3'J3 1FP=@FPS1[2q.5 E)FG-A2HI6CE5J 12qD817\3]-
17-{l1>DC?#E3 e W WZ,-.0#12TFG=>DC68E517.0# J 1>.T12TFC 224?#JQ3 .0AFG.B.50#3r^#17-tFGE5_1>JZFGD83 dy c) | h 6C} - .RFG1>-#17-!D

.50!3Q2&0AFGUA3Q6PH.50#3rE53]D81768-1[2 D817\3]-xWQY0#3 1[2 ?t243 .56( 17.53iERFGE.51>\3]=7_ 68JQU#?#.3 c c c]pip]pwc W

"
Y0#3'LAER2&.B24.53iU6PH<.50!3QFP=7DC68E51>.50#J.3]E5JQ1>-AFG.3P2<9<0#3]- 'FG- FGE3.0#3Q2FGJQ3kW',-.0#3Q2&3 68-

24.3]U/.0#3;UA6817- .R2q9<0#1 0FPE53;=>6 FG= JZFPS1>JZF1>- FPE53'1 3]-S.1 LA3 FC2q.0#3;J3 1FP=@FPS1[2wWY0#3;J3 1FP=

FG 12.ERFG-t2 HI6CEJ 6PH E53]D81768-Q2&0#6P9<- 1>-Q{ 17DC?!E53 e W SW F S1[2240#6P9<-Q1>-Q{l1>DC?#E3 e W SW WY0#3\8FPE51768?A22&.53]Ut2

17- \6C=>\3 17- 6CJQU!?#.51>-#DT17.R2JQ3 1FP=AFG 12:FGE53B2&0#6P9<-Q17-Z{ 17DC?!E53 e W W ^ WY0#3nUV6817- .R2 6C-A2&12&.517-!D'6GH
" " " "
.50!3J3 1FP=uFG 12<FGE3'2&0#6P9<-/17-^V68= HyF 3T17-{l1>DC?#E3 e W SW W

" "
-/1>.53]E)FG.17\3BFG=>DC6CE17.0#JHI68E 6CJU#?#.51>-#D'.50!3r240AFPUV3;HIE6CJ .50#3BJQ3 1[FG= FG 12<12<DC1>\3]-/1>-{l1>DC?#E3

" "
e W Sg8W ,fH.0#3/1>-S\3]E)243QJ3 1FP=:FG 12'.5ERFP-A2 HI68E5J 12'FPU#U#=>173 .56v.50!3/JQ3 1FG=:FPS1[22&0#6P9<-s17-z{l1>DC?#E3

e W W .0#3'6CE17D817-AFP=2&0AFGUA3 FG-Â3'E53 6P\3]E53 WY0#3'\8FGE1768?A2T24.53iUA2q17-.50#1[2qU#E6 3P252TFPE53r240!6G9<-1>-
"
" "
{l1>DC?#E3 e W 8SW
"

gCW,.53iERFG.17\3]=>_ C6 JU#?#.53 F82jHI6C=>=76P92 !

d@cR h ` JZ FG( Sc]d JZFG/ d c hh g 168H .50#3i 5E 9< 1` 2&3
( (
dfe W h
d c h2&? 0 .0AFG. *
{l17D8?#E53 e W Sg ! , .53iERFG.17\3TFP=7D86CE51>.50#J HI6CE<17- \3]E)243JQ3 1 FP= FPS1[2.5E)FG-A2HI6CE5J W

"
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
g g g g g g g " " " " g g " " g
g g g g g g g " " " " g g " " g
g g g g g g g " " " " g g " " g
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g

l{ 1>DC?#E3 e W ! 3 1FP=FPS1[2.ERFP-A2 HI68E5JW d FOh <3 .)FG-#D8?#=FPEZ240AFPUA3 d d @cR h5h)W Y 0#3| ^tF ;SD8E56C?!-
U#1>S3]=[2"#9<0#1 0 FGE3'-#6C.n240#6P9<-xFGE53rFP=7= W d ^ h:17- .53]EJQ3 1[FG.53n24.3]U d d @cR h5h)W d h d@cR hRWY0#3
" "
UA6C1>-S.)2+1>- 3 1FP=@FG 12<2&0#6P9<-/1>- Â68= HyF 3W

g g g g g g
g " " g g " " g
" " g " " g
g " " g g " " g
g g g g g g

{l1>DC?#E3 e W C ! , - \3]ER2&3<JQ3 1[FG=!FG 12| .5ERFP-A2 HI68E5JW d Fh 3 [1 FG=uFG 12 d d@cR h5hRW d ^ h,-S.3]E5JQ3 1 FP.53:24.3]U
d dy@cR hhRW d h #E51>DC1>-AFG= 2&0AFGUA3 d d@cR h5h)W
"
{l17D8?#E53 e W e
" ! 68JQ33]!FGJU#=73P26PHJQ3 1 FP=@FG 12.ERFP-A2 HI68E5JW
: :

:

6CE)F]\3 2T17- .53]E3P24.B6CUA3]E)FG.568E1[2'F \3iE5_v?A243wHI?!=HI3PFG.?#E53QUA6817- . 3i.53 .6CEFG- 12;9<1 3]=7_v?A243 1>-

JQ68.51768-'FP- 24.3]E53]6!WY0#1[2 68UA3]ERFP.56CE1 3]- .51 Lt3P2 UA6C17- .R2 d 17-THyF .24J FG=7=9<1>- 6P92 hx17-;.0#3<17J FGDC39<0#1 0

FGE3 ! ;17-/.0#3TDCE)FN_Z=>3]\3]=2XW{l17E)24.SHI6CE3PF 0 e Ze 6P\3]E=FPU#U#17-!D'9<17- 6P9 #HI6C?#E 1>E53 .1768-AFG=
\8FGE1FG- 3P2j1>-D8ERF]_r=73]\3]=[2 d 0!6CE51>]6C- .RFP= \3]E5.1 FP= 1FPDC6C-t FG= AFP- FP-S.1 1FPDC6C-tFG=fh 3]-#6C.3 ^ _
"!
FG- FGE3 3i.53]EJQ17-#3 FC2HI6C=7=>6P9 d 243]3B{l1>DC?#E3 e W WF h !

$#&% '#)(
#&* # "
} |
d@cR ` h , , d d'b *5cR b + h d'b * b g cRb + hh | dfe W # h

#&%
| }
. . +
d@cR h ` , , d d'b *5cR b + h d'b *5c) b +b gPh5h | dfe W Oh

. .
#)(
| | +
d@cR h ` , , d d'b *5cR b + h d'b * b g cRb +b gPh5h | dfe W Oh

. .
#&*
| } +
Pd@cR h ` , , d d'b *5cR b + h d'b *@ g cRb +b gPh5h | p dfe W e h

.
#
+ .

q3] .!FGEERF]_
dy@cR h1[2 6CJU#?#.53 FC2HI6C=>=76P92 !
,#
d@cR h ` JQ17- d dy@cR h c d@cR h c yd c) h c d@cR h5h p

# # % # ( # dfe W e gGh
* #
oe/e 9<17- 6G9 3]- .53]E3 FP.TU#17 3]= dy c) h<1[2 3 =FGE3 ! r1 H<1>.12TFQ=76 FG=JZFG 17J F;17-F
g g r-#3]17D80SÂ68E50#66 d 2&3]3B{l17D8?#E53 e W W 3ChRW:Y0#3'FPE5E)FN_ " d @cR h:24.6CE53N2+.0#3;1>-S.3]E53P2&.51>-#D;UA6C1>-S.)2+1>-
- !
.50!31>JZFGD83 !
" " "
" dy@cR h `
g 1 H dy@cR h d c h c d c h d@cR h
.# /#
dfe W e Oh 10
68.50#3]E9<12&3 p
"
Y0#3TE53P2&?#=2&.HI6CE 6CE)FN\3 2 17- .53]E3P24.:6CUA3]ERFP.568EFPE53'2&0#6P9<-/1>-Z{l17D8?#E53 e W W

"

P 0,0 P 0,1 P 0,2 P 0,3 P 0,0 P 0,1 P 0,2 P 0,3
P 1,0 P 1,1 P 1,2 P 1,3 P 1,0 P 1,1 P 1,2 P 1,3
P 2,0 P 2,1 P 2,2 P 2,3 P 2,0 P 2,1 P 2,2 P 2,3
P 3,0 P 3,1 P 3,2 P 3,3 P 3,0 P 3,1 P 3,2 P 3,3
(a) (b)
P 0,0 P 0,1 P 0,2 P 0,3 P 0,0 P 0,1 P 0,2 P 0,3
P 1,0 P 1,1 P 1,2 P 1,3 P 1,0 P 1,1 P 1,2 P 1,3
P 2,0 P 2,1 P 2,2 P 2,3 P 2,0 P 2,1 P 2,2 P 2,3
P 3,0 P 3,1 P 3,2 P 3,3 P 3,0 P 3,1 P 3,2 P 3,3
(c) (d)
d 3Ch
{l1>DC?#E3 e W ! 6CE)F]\3 2T17- .53]E3P24.B6CUA3]E)FG.568E]W d FOh qE)F]_=73]\3i=j\8FPE51FP- 3Q1>-0#6CE17]68-S.)FG= 1>E53 . 1768-@W
d ûh E)FN_=>3]\3]= \8FGE51[FG- 3'17-v\3]E5.1 FP= 1>E53 .51768-@W d 5h ERF]_=7 3i\3]=l\8FPE51FP- 3r17- 1[FGD86C-AFP= 1>E53 . 1768-@W
"
d h5ERF]_Z=73]\3]=u\8FGE51[FG- 3;17- FG- .51 1[FGD86C-AFP= 17E3 .176C-xW d 3Ch 6G\3iE5=FPU#U#1>-#D'9<17- 6G9217-Fg g
-#3]1>DC0 Â6CE50!66 W
" " #"
C
Sg

d FOh d^ h
{l1>DC?#E3 e W ! +3P2&?#=7.)2 HI68E 6CE)F]\3 1>-S.3]E53P2&.'6CUA3]E)FG.568E]W d FhERF]_s=>3]\3]=1>JZFGD83W d ^ h 68ERF]\3
17- .53iE53P2&.UA6C1>-S.)2 d .56C.)FG= 'UA6C17- .R2Rh:24?#UA3]E17JQUA6k243 6C- d FhRW
"
"

gCW q3i\S1[243TF'2 0#3iJQ3+HI68E 3].3 w.51>-#D T+` Vdy h | w3]- .53iE53 FG. dy icR h?t2417-!D
;W 2&3.0#3D8ERF 173]- .<17-SHI68E5JZFP.51>6C-Q.6'E53 ? w3.50!3 w6CJU#?#.RFP.51>6C-A2XW 0AFG.<1[2

!
!
$
.0#3 w6CJQU!?#.RFP.51768-AFG= w6CJU#=73] 17.&_B6GH_68?#EFG=>DC6CE17.0#J

SW q3i\S1[243FT2 R0#3]JQ3HI68E 3].53 X.517-!D .0AFG.:FPE53 ;S-#6P9<-r.56TÂ3q68E51>3]-S.3 2&6;.0AFG.:FU#E51>- w1>UAFG=

;W 243B.50#3TDCE)F 1>3]- .q1>-SHI6CEJZFG.176C-Z.6
!" #
FPS1[2+1[2UAFGE)FG=7=>3]=@.56r.50!3;ZFPS1[2+?A2&17-#D
" !
E3 ? w3n.50#3 w68JQU#?#.)FG.51>6C-A2XW 0AFG.12.0#3 w6CJU#?#.RFP.51>6C-AFP= w68JQU#=73iS1>.4_B6GH_68?#EFG=>DC68E517.0#J

$ !%&
'
$ (
SW,fH<.0#3 ! !
*) o1[2 ?t243 HI6CE 3].53 w.51>-#D 0#6P9 .50#3
!%
9<1>=7= + -, , $.0/12

=>6!6 ;Z=71 ;3
e W q6P9a968?#= _68? 12&.517-!DC?#1[240FG- jHIE6CJF w1>E w=>3q?A2&17-#Dr.50!3 !

3
, , 4 5 ! $6
*) 7 !%
.ERFG-t2 HI6CEJ
W 68-A241 3]E<FP-ZFGE^#17.ERFPE5_240AFPUV3n6C^ 3 w.:17-FG-Q1>JZFGD83WY0!3qD8ERF 173]- .<FP-#DC=>3TFG.:3PF R03 DC3U#17 3]=

1[2DC17\3i-Q17-Z.50!3 HI68=7=>6G9<1>-#DrFGEERF]_WY0#3 w3]- .5E6C1 6GH.0#3T6C^ 3 w.:12<2&0#6P9<-/^ _ W

8 9
e
gi

g

" "
g
:
g
g]

g # #

g
"
# # # " "
" " " "
d Fh
E3]UAFGE3'.50#3 ;.0/12
+HI68E.50#1[2+68^ 3 w..56QÂ3'?A2&3 17-.50#33]-!3]ERFP=717i3 q 6C?#D80vY )E FG-A2

HI68E5JW
"

d ûh 2524?!JQ3-#6P9v.50AFP.@.50#3:2468JQ31>JZFGD83l0AF82 Â3]3i-DC1>\3]-.56_6C? ]9<0#62&3jD8ERF 173]- .@JZFPDC-#1>.5? 3
1[2;DC1>\3]-17-.0#3FGÂ6P\3/.RFP^#=73kW <?#-s.0#E568?#DC0z.50#3Z\8FGE176C?t22&.53]UA2;1>-.50#3 !
1 3i-S.1 HI_Z.50#3'=>6 ]FG.1768-6PH<.50!3'6C^ 3 w. d c 4h?A241>-#DQ.0#3
6
*)

_68?ZDC3]-#3iERFG.3 1>-Q.50!3UtFGE5. d FhRW

!%
' . /

WY0#1[2U#E568^#=73]J9<1>=7=#D817\3<_68?Q2&6CJQ3<3] UA3]E51>3]- w3<9<1>.50 w6CEE53]=[FG.176C-rJZFP. R0#17-#D?A2&17-#DBUS_ ERFPJQ1 2XW

3]=>6P9 FGE53ZD817\3]-v.&96U _SE)FGJQ1 2 ! E53XHI3]E53]- w3QFP- 17-#U!?#.]W{t68Er241>JQU#=71 w1 .&_ .50!3P243ZU _SE)FGJQ1 2
!
0AF]\3B6C-#=>_ .&9:6=>3]\3]=2XWjF 0=73]\3i=@6GH.0#3'US_ ERFPJQ1 12q^#?!17=7.<^ _/.)F; 17-#DFG=>.53]E-AFG.3;E6G92nFG-

w68=7?#J-A2lHIE56CJ .50!3U#E53i\S1>6C?A2=73i\3]=W ;UAFP.5.3]E5- X6C-A2&124.17-#DB6GH 212j.6'Â31 3i-S.1 LA3 1>-

.0#3T17-#U#?!.q1>JZFGD83W 252&?#JQ3.0AFG..50!3 X3]-S.3]E6PH:FG-3]\3]- 241>]3 9<1>- 6P9 1[2qFP.q.0#3T?#U#UA3]E=73wHI.

" " $
w68E5-#3iEU#1>S3]=yW =2&6 FC224?#JQ3n.50AFP.3PF 0 ;^#=>6 ;FG.FD817\3]-r=73]\3i=#6GH U _SE)FGJQ1 12JZFGU#UA3

.6Zg g^#=76 ;ZFG.<.0#3T-#3] .<=73]\3i= C1>- 68E 3iE<.56rJZFGUQ.0#3T=76 ]FP.51>6C-Z6GH:F;9<1>- 6P9 FG.6C-#3T=73i\3]=
" "
.6.0#3 w6CEE53P2&UV68- 1>-#D=>6 ]FG.1768- 1>-Z.50#3T-#3] .<=73i\3]=W

F F
F F F

F F F
F F
d Fh 6G9zJZFG- _ X6CJQUAFPE51[246C-t2jFPE53-#3]3 3 .6T=76 ]FP.53.0#3qUtFG.5.3]E5-r17-r.50!3q1>-#U#?#.17J FGDC3<9<1>.50

68?#.?A241>-#DU _ ERFGJ1

d ûh <?#-.50#E6C?#D80/\8FGE176C?t224.3]UA2<17-Z.50#3 w68E5E3]=FP.51768-ZJZFG. 0#1>-#D;?t2417-!DU _SE)FGJQ1 2wW{#68Eq3PF 0

=>3]\3]=A1 3]-S.1 HI_r.50#3T9<1>- 6P9 Â3]1>-#D243PFPE R0#3 !FG- .50#3T=76 iFG.51>6C-Z6GH.50#3 w68E5E53 w.<JZFG. 0xW

! +
d Ph 6G9zJZFG- _ X6CJQUAFPE51[246C-t2jFPE53-#3]3 3 .6T=76 ]FP.53.0#3qUtFG.5.3]E5-r17-r.50!3q1>-#U#?#.17J FGDC3<?t2417-!D

U _ ERFGJ1

d hQ,fHx.50#3<UAFP.5.3]E5-r17-r.50#3<E3wHI3]E3]- w3:17JZFPDC3<12 12&U#=F w3 .562468JQ368.50#3]E:FPE5^#1>.5ERFPE5_'=>6 ]FG.176C-

9<1>=7=u_6C?2&.51>=7= Â3BFG^!=73T.56r=76 ]FP.53T.50!3UtFG.5.3]E5-Z1>- .0#3T17-#U!?#.<17JZFPDC3?t2417-!DQ2&.53]UA21>- d ^ h)W

d 38hQ,fH.50#3QUtFG.5.3]E5-v17-v.50!3Q17-#U!?#.T17JZFPDC3'12 12&U#=F w3 .562468JQ3r6C.50!3]E'FPE5^#1>.5ERFPE5_=>6 ]FG.176C-

9<1>=7=u_6C?2&.51>=7= Â3BFG^!=73T.56r=76 ]FP.53T.50!3UtFG.5.3]E5-Z1>- .0#3T17-#U!?#.<17JZFPDC3?t2417-!DQ2&.53]UA21>- d ^ h)W

d HXh FP-Z_6C?QD83]-#3]E)FG =71>]3<.50!3E53P2&?#=7.1>- d Fh w68-A241 3]E51>-#D r UtFG.5.3]E5- #FG- 1>JZFGD83

9<0!3]E53TÂ6C.0 c FGE3T3]\3]-Z-S?!JÂ3]E)2wW

C
C

d D h PF -Z_6C?QD83]-#3]E)FG =71>]3.50#3E53P2&?#=7.:17- d Gh w6C-t241 3]E51>-#D r

UAFG..53]E-#FP- >1 JZFGD83
9<0!3]E53TÂ6C.0 c FGE3T3]\3]-Z-S?!JÂ3]E)2wW
# W #?#.=717-!3E53 X?#ER2&17\3TFP=7DC68E51>.50#J HI68E w6CJU#?#.51>-#D'FP- q6GH:F;E3]DC1>6C- HIE6CJ .0#3BMO?tF .E53]3kW

SW 68JQU#?#.3'.50#3 T6GH<.0#3;HI6C=>=76P9<17-!D/2&0AFGUA3Q?t2417-!D -!3]17D80SÂ6CE0#66 W =73PF8243r240!6G9

FP=7=@.50!3-!3 w3P225FGE_Z24.3]UA2XW

g g g
g g g g g
g g g g g
g g g g g
g g g g g
g g g g g
g g g g g
g g g

SW 2&17-#DT.0#3qJ3 1FP=#FPS1[2 w68JQU#?#.3 FGÂ6P\3E53 w6P\3]E.50#36CE17DC1>-AFG=u2&0AFGUA3ÂF ;'^ _rFGU!U#=7_ 17-#DT.0#3

1>-S\3]E)243JQ3 1[FG=xFG 12.5E)FG-A2HI6CEJW

g W 224?#J3.50AFP.FP-/68^ 3 w.0tFC2q.0#3HI6C=7=>6P9<17-#D RA0 FG1>- w6 3 d w68-#-#3 X.53 h w6CJ#U ?#.53n17.R2<2&0AFGUA3

;
- ?#Jr^V3iE]W

e

#
6 HyFGE93<0AF]\3Â3]3i- 3NFG=71>-#D9<1>.50rF2&17-#D8=73<17J FGDC3:6GHxFT24.)FG.51 <2 w3i-#3<.RF$;3]-;^ _'FqLA 3 ]FPJQ3]ERF W,-

.50!12 0AFPU#.53iE#93T9<1>=7=@Â3 3NFG=71>-#Dr9<17.50 F2&3PM?#3]- w3T6PH17JZFPDC3P2.)F;3]-FP. 1#u3]E3]- .<.517J3q1>-S.3]E5\8FG=[2wW

Y0#3rJQ6C.1768-/6GH6C^ 3 X.R217-v 17- ? w3P2q.0#3 JQ68.51>6C-17-.0#3r17JZFPDC3;U!=FG-!3W'Y0AFP.;JQ68.51768-/1[2

]FP=7=73 6CU#.1 ]FP= t6G9TW,-.0#12 R0AFGU#.3]E @9:3'9<17=7= 12 w?A252T2&3]\3]ERFP=JQ3].0#6 2qHI6CE w68JQU#?#.17-#D6CU#.1 ]FP=
"
A6P9TWY0#3<68U#.51 ]FG= A6P9 iFG-'Â3q?t243 .56 w68JQU#?#.3< JQ68.51>6C- P1W 3Wl.ERFG-t24=FP.51>6C-FG- E568.RFG.1768- FG-

240AFPUV3kW 3'9<1>=7=FG=[246 3P2 wE51>^V3B6C-#3rDC3i-#3]ERFP=JQ3].0#6 HI68E w6CJQU!?#.51>-#DQ 17- HI6CE5J FG.51>6C-ZHIE56CJ

6CU!.51 iFG= A6P9TW

$

,
#
V( "( n( *"!

3].n HI?#- w.51>6C- d$# c&%Vc

h S9<0#3]E3 # % FGE53T.0#3B24UAFP.51FP= X66CE' 17-AFP.53P2! FP-'
12.51>JQ3('S3]-!6C.53T.0#3
17J FGDC3r2&3PM?#3]- w3kWQY0#3]- d)#*]c%+*wc
,* h12.50!3D8ERF]_=>3]\3]=FG.B=76 ]FP.51768- #*]c%+* FP..17JQ3
,* W.-252&?#JQ3

.50tFG.9<17.50 F2&JZFG=>= R0AFG-!DC3 # % uFG-'

1>- # % !FG-'
.50#3iE53T12-#6 R0AFG-#D83;1>- .0#3;D8ERF]_Q=>3]\3]=2!

.50tFG.102 /
(
$d # c&%Vc
h ` d)#'b #@c%b %Vc
b
h p d W7gPh
_LA-1'S17-#D'.0#3BYlF]_ =768E243]E173P23] UAFP-A241>6C-FGE6C?#-' #@c%Ac
6GH.50!3E17D80S.<0AFP-'/2&12'S3T9:3D83].3/
d)#@c%Ac
h b54 # ' # b 4 % % b54

Xp d)#@c%Ac
h ` d W h
4 4 4
"
Y0#3BFGÂ6P\3T3PM?AFG.176C- ]FG-ZÂ3B241>JQU#=71 LA63 'rFC72 /
#'b %b
` Sc d Wh
9<0#3]E3 `980: `;87: #FG-1' `87: WY0#3P2&<3 'S3iE517\8FP.517\3N2 ]FG-rÂ3 w68JQU#?#.36';^S_rFPU#U#=>_S1>-#DTJZFC2;#2

240!6G9<-17-{l1>DC8 ?#E3 W7g.8 6.0#3T17JZFPDC3T2&8 3PMO?!3]- w3 )d #@c %Ac
hRW

=?@ >
BA7A DC<EGF+HI)HJLKNM+HM

-1 1 -1 1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 1 1
-1 1 -1 1 1 1 1 1 -1 -1 1 1
(a) (b) (c)
l{ 1>DC?#E3 W>g / FC2 ;!2HI6CE w68JQU#?#.17-#D24UtFG.51[FG=FG-'/.3]JQUA6CE)FG= 'S3]E17\8FG.17\3P2XW q6C.3'.50AFP..50!3 w3]- .53iE<6GH

JZF82 ;Q1[2<FG.<.50!3=>6P93]E3E51>DC0 .<U#17 3]=W d Fh F82 ;!2jHI6CE d ^ h CF 2;#2jHI68E !FG- ' d Gh F82 ;!2HI68E &W

q17\ 12' 17-#D'3PF 0.53]EJ 17-Z.50!3;FPÂ6G\3T3PM?AFP.51768-Z^S_

93TDC3i.3/

b b ` c d We h
9<0#3]E3 ` FG- ' ` 1[2.0#3<6CU!.51 iFG= A6P9TWY0#3]E3FGE53.&96T?#-; -#6P9<-A2! FG-' C1>-'.50#3nFGÂ6P\3

* *
3PM?AFG.1768- #93 ]FP-#-#6C.2&6C=>\3.0#123NMO?AFP.51>6C-Z3PFC2&17=>_WY0#3FGÂ6P\3T3PMO?tFG.51>6C- ]FP-/Â3TE53]9<E17.5.3]-ZF820/

* *

d W h
` p

Y 0#1[212.50!33PM?AFG.176C-Z6PHF'2&.5ERFP17D80S.<=>17-#31>- 2&UAF X3WY0#3]E3;FPE53B243i\3]ERFP=VUA6k25 241>^#=73B2&6C=7?!.51768-A2<6GH

.50!12<3PMO?tFG.51>6C-A.50!3'2468=7?#.1768-A2 iFG-=71>3BFG- _S9<0#3iE53T6C-.0#3;=>17-#3B240!6G9<-1>-{l1>DC?#E3 W W 3]. dC c h:Â3

.50!3 w68E5E3 w.:2468=7?#.176C-xWY0#1[2j\3 w.6CE iFG-r^V3 'S17\ 21 'SN3 ';17- .56T.&96 w6CJUV68-#3]- .R!2 C6C-#3 FG=768-#D;.0#3n24.5E)FG1>DC0 .
4 "
=71>-#L3 'S3]-#68.563 '^ _ #FP- 'ZFG-#68.50#3iEUA3]E5UA3]1- 'S1 w?!=FGE:.56B.50#3=>17-#L3 'S3]-!6C.5N3 '^S_ #W,.12j3NFC24_r.56r2&0#6P9 ^ _
0
?A2&17-#DQ.E51>DC6C-!6CJQ3].E51 q21 'S3i-S.17.51>3P2.50tFG. ` : WY0#3]E3wHI6CE3 ;S-#6P9<1>-#D.0#3 ' 3]E51>\CFP.51>\3P2

FG-1' @9:3 ]FP-Q6C-!=7_ w6CJQU!?#.53<.0#3-#68E5JZFP= w6C:J UV68:-# 3]- . S6PH 6CU#.1 ]FP=A6P9TW q6P9:3]\3]EP.50!3UAFGE)FG=>=73]=

w68JQUA6C-#3]- . ]FP-/-#68.<Â3 w68JQU#?#.63 ' 'S1>E53 w.=7_;HIE6CJ .0#3 'S3]E51>\8FG.51>\3P2wW

0
#-#36PH .0#3jLtER24.FGU#U#E6F 0#3N2 HI6CE w6CJU#?#.51>-#D<6CU!.51 iFG= A6P9 9FC2lU!E56CUA6k2463 ';^ $_ q6CE-rFG- ' R0 ?#- ;

W q68E5-FP- ' R0S?!- ;U#E568UV6k2463 '/.6Q3P2&.517J FG.53 d c h:24? R0/.0AFG.qHI68=7=>6G9<1>-#Dr3]E5E6CE<HI?#- w.176C- 34 V1[2

JQ1>-#17Jr17]3 '/

)d #@c% h `md b b fh | bud | b | b | b | h c

4 d W h
9<0#3]E3.0#3;LAE)24.;.3]E5J 12.50!3'6CU#.1 ]FP=t6G9 w6C-t24.5E)FG1>-S.HIE568J3PM?AFG.176C- W e FG-1'.50#3243 w6C-'.53iE5J

w68E5E53N24UA6C-'!2.56Z.0#3r24JQ668.50#-!3P2526GH6CU#.1 ]FP= A6P9TW'{#6CET.50#3 w68E5E53 w. d .E5?#38h<6CU#.1 ]FP= A6P9o.0#3'LAER2&.

+
.53iE5J 240#68?#=2';Â3 w=>62&3.56n]3]E56 G68E.50!325M?AFGE3<6GHA.0#3LAER2&..53iE5J 240#68?#=2';Â324JZFP=7=W 1>- w3:.50#3:JQ6C.176C-

+
6GHJQ62&.E53NFG=9:6CE5= '/6C^&3 X.R2q1[22&JQ66C.0 .0#3Q2&3 w68- '/.53]EJK3]- HI6CE X3P2q.50!3Q2&JQ66C.0#-#3P22 w6C-t24.5E)FG1>-S.iW

q1 3iE53]- .51[FG.51>-#D 49<17.0ZE53P2&UV3 w.<.56 FG- ' !FG- 'Z3PMO?tFG.51>-#D'17.<.6i3]E56'9:3D83]3. /

! 0
+
4 4 `md b
4
b h DC?#E3 W / #U#.51 ]FG=A6P9 w6C-t24.5E)FG1>-S.:=717-!3q1>- 2&UAF w3kW '12j.0#3=>3]-#DC.06PHUA3]EUA3]-'S1 w?#=FPEHIE56CJ
.50!3'6CE51>DC1>-/.56.50#3B=717-!3 1[2+.0#3'FP-#DC=>3'.50#3BUV3iE5UA3]-'S1 w?#=[FGEJZF;3P29<1>.50.50#3 #t FG 12XW dC cS h1[2+68-#3
"
UA622417^!=73246C=>?#.51>6C-@WY0#1268U#.51 ]FG= t6G9 \3 w.6CE dC cS h ]FG-vÂ3 ' 17\ 12'S36'Z17- .56Z.&96 w68JQUA6C-#3]- .R27/

9<0#1 0Z12<FP=768-#D.0#3 w6C-t24.5E)FG1>-S.<=>17-#3!FG-' 9<0!1 R0 1[2UA3]E5UA3]-' 1 w?#=[FGE<.6.0#3 w6C-A2&.5E)FG17- .<=71>-#3W

?#^t24.51>.5?#.17-#D
| ` +b

1'
| ` b
/

d b |
b h < bud | h ` c d W h
d W7g h

b h d b
b ud h ` p

| ` ]\ |
"$#%
&
' $; \

( (
^ > 7_ ` Y

! # ()
'/. 0'1 ' 2' ((.
*+,! - ( # " !
d b b h <bud ]h `Sc d 7g8gGh

d 7g Oh
( .
d b b h bud Xh ` Sp
( . #"
Y !

3 4 (56,

74( 8 ^ >\ ' d c h 0/
(

'
+

9
` 6 c ( d 7giOh .
` (
6

c d 7g e h .
' ` b | b | Y

` b b >\ Y
'
( ( :( 6 .
' "<#!,! 0
G^ \ e 7\ {
! - ! - ";+
&
' 30 4 @0 A . :. ' B

{
# (=, >-! ? (56, ,! ? , +
:, ; 9(' !"
-

!(
?C A
,!
. .
EDGFEDGF !
H I KJ
' ' 1 '

'
'CL :, ; " " <M ' "$#!,! C E#! (' .ONG 1
7
#!-# "<# "< &! +
"$ !
' '
(0 9 - , "<#,! -! 0

' ' . L4' ' M0 ' '
", # -
-! E P6 E# P6
' ?' 1' '

'0L (0 (' ( <'0
QL
'C0 C R:L
7
#! ( - Q - " -!

#

1
'S

- "<#

'

P

P6
T.UN
V-!

7
C U+"W-!

R

0
#

'!1
,

g
. .
":.ENG !

('0 >

1' -
&
.

:.

C'V
"< &"<

,!-
-

1 ' '
/
( * 6 c ( d >g h .
( *
(
6

p d >g h .
{
A
(/ . ( ' Q, ;<(' !"W+ "$#!,! C 2#!
' .
,!-

' '
' '
- #! (' ( "<#!,! 0
!
R C <R:L 0 '0C
!
&" ( 3
' '
-
C .9NG (0 :

2RQL
' 6 M
R!' ' L ' '

&#! ! & 2 &"<# ", #
'

0 T. Q, ; 7
C R
C 0
>
, 2M , Q +-" # -,
' '
7

R 'G. ' U0 C 'C0 T.UN
7 Q
6 ( # , : -
V-! E"< ,! &"< -
"

'C' '0 R >R ' - C R
2+- # -!6 8$! "< "<(P 4 -!
' 1'
C - E# &
'

0 ' ('0' 'C0 C'0'V0 $30 ' 0 .

#! # : & # ! (
+'

'C'

C '0 R ! L 0 R '0C

,! ,! "< # E -! , (U-! "<(P Q

'

L? C 0 . 0 L R .

" - ! "< # ! " # ,! ( P6 & -!
'
0
&

"
L ' ,
&

-,

"$ 4,

'
,

V.
+
:, ; ,

-!

:-

' ,
- U
-!
C
-

31 0

'

O

'
-!
0
&

- - "
0
9 #!
('
(
N
.
3 3 ' ' &

' d
h .
& # +-"
O! # ( (56, (56,

d h c d 7g Ch .
:
: : : ' 1'
: ' C -
C '00
1' ' ## P Oh
! - -!
# # , +" -! 4 <-!
d {
' ' : ' 1'

( ( ' : '1 $;
:1 A ."
;g
-! 4! #% &# , " -?-! ,!-
7/

!

#% &
V( 1
!
Q

-! 4#!
('
()P6
- .
+ #
0

"

C'0'
'0' C
'
P6 *+
4M4#! ( 5 ,
*
d * h c d 7g Oh
d 7g Oh
. #
|
d | h p . #
' | d - h
' * '
'0C AC 0 :1 ( 'C0
d
! M - # "< +-" -!

0 { A
0

h
. .9N
(U# -#
3L
:

,
'

|

+"W-!
8RQL

0
4-!
-
C 'C0

!(

,!- !( - P6
R| | * d | d | * h 3C

*hp d h ."
1' ' c5e#cip]p]p]c '

'
0'1 'CL 0 '00 :0 0 &
R "$#!,! .

" -! & - # - #
!

0

2 '0 ;
'0L
-
' ,
-

,

"< <#
C

.@N
-!
#% 3 (-!

d Oh&{

"<
g d h<{
R

"<
"
0 0
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0 . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
40 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
60 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
80 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
100 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
120 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
d 'Vhg
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 0 20 40 60 80 100 120
d Ghg

-

-

{
A
e . /
' ?( ' Q, ;<(' !" '
:1 '1 g 7 'S
' e .
,! , + + # "$ 9( #
g
d2
B
α2
d1
α1
{
A
. / NG (' -
C 'C0 .
,! -
3 4#! (
' ,
-
1 -!

! #!

' (
1

P6
<RQL /
* | | ."
*

(
* ." "

,

#
' # '
' '
E P6

M8+

"$

;

:
-

"<
C

2(
#%
0

0

+

"<
-
1' '
R!' (' C 0 0
C C

# 4#! " ? " #!# <( #% 2+ "< #
' '
>- - #%
"
0 0 .
+ "< , ?M # " # ! "< #% !

- ' '
( :L3
!
>0 13
' 9( 1 ? R

- (56, - " "<#!,!- P " -! $ ,!" &2
##! !
'
R' . M'0 '0L M 'C 1 R!' 1 ?0
8- # " Q "<# +-"
#!- " , - ! -
' ' '

; ' R ! C "$#!,!

- +" ! + " $ <" -?-! ! Q "
' 2' '

:1 L . : L (' R ; R '

# ! # #!-#- ?-! #!->(E! !
'
,

0 Q 73
' ' . R!' 0 E3 '0 R M0R!'

! !- "< 2#!- " - "$# ! #
'
!
,! #
U'00 . & "<(P 0
"
!'CL ('
N R

" ! ! !
'
;
1 ,!

9 8 : C (' -30R'
QL 0
+ "< - 9 "< - P -! # " ! -!

1'
;

!'C C ? 0 .

Q+ "< , - 4! - ! + "< # - # "<

1' 2'
- # 1

R!' R!0 7 1
'0'CL ' M . C "

! $#! " " :# P6 + "<
?+ "<

0 0 R -3CR!' 0 0. (

# ! ,!" (# " ## 8 P6 -!

'
!

R M0R!' " !. 0 0 C
,!" V( #% " + P6 ! - M - E#
!
' ' 1' "
R . L:C
'C' 3CR!' 0 0'C'UR
' 3CR!'

! # $" #!# "< "<# 4 &P6 +
' '
"< &

-

,"
R
(+

"<
(
#
C

.
P6

;Q (
('0'
#
-30R'

' '
-

C 1
!( 4 &" -!
"
'
# "<# ' !

NG L R!' 2 R

$! (U- #! " - P6 E, ,!" 9

-
C .
0 90 T' ,
" $# ! , &%(' 1
" )# ! , &% ,!
! 1 &
*' ' ,!*' &%

!
,+*

1'
8 , ,

! A . .
& ,!- ! 2" "4,!"
P6
'

L 7
C
"$#
'0

!
R
,

! P6
'

L@ ;Q (
)
#!

P6

#
M

(

#
C

0

+

"< 4

&
'0
"

+

#
3CR!'
"

0

"
:

"
t1 t2
(a) (b)
(c) (d)
(e)
(/ ' '
(f)
,+

' '
- # L
!

A .
C 20 . ' R
'C'
,!- - , "< ",!" P6 " P6
'

T L

"<"< "$

M - U"

"<
'
#!
"
('
,

+-"

L
-
C .
"
'
' ' '
+

"< 8

"

'0'

R
-!6
-! ?#
M

C
-! ?#!-

4+

"<
.
!

"

'C'
P6
'

L
- @( 3

Q @
R:L

8! ,! ,!"< 4! #
"$
'
&
! T. 1

' 'C C
'1
C ('0'CL
"<, ! & + " - "< 4 <" -
' '
1 -
C

' ! V. 0 2C
'C'
- "$ "<"< "< <"<
! $#% "
' ' '

R R M C' Q
31 " !'CL 4+E 0 .

6 " ! + " #
' ' 2' 2'

: L ( @ - P6 V.

! < "<6 ("$ ,!"<# P6 ! <"$ -
2' ' ' '

: L@ "$# '0 R C : 3 (' '

8! ! !- "$ - > + -!
' 2'
'C

%
( : R ?( :L 0 R 0'C'
C
<0
, M 3 4# ! &" , -!

2' '

! - "<#!-
"
. NG '0'
- '0' : L

Q+ "< " !() "<6- +
+"

1
9-! 2
R

E - 4 !

E,

'0LQ0
"<

0'0'VR

"<6-
R
,!

C'0L
- '

Q.

P P6 &
# P6 -2

#
# " "
@ ( - 0 R!' (R

"<# ,! -! #! " -
P6

0
)
M R "< ! +, .
1
! , :#!- -! "
' '
+
"
0 0 7 . U ('0' M0R!'

" #!# 8" " 4
+, ,!"< ( #
'

&
9(
#
Q0 ; 8

8

!
'

4#
-30R'

.
+

!
,

6

#!#!-
"

('

!" 8
R

C 8
,
R
#!

"

'

'
,!

P6
L ' 48-!
' V.
# ",!" ,
ED
ED < <5 %I I I !
KJ
' ' '

' ?' + '
4

4 (' "<#!, 0 - #

!"<# #!-# - P6 !")+ "<
'
; *
+
(' . L R(R!0'C L C

U#! ( , "< ,!- - -! #!-

?' ' ' 1'

+

"<

"

- -! E
;
+ 0
+

"< M
.
!
C !

('
#!
R
R0'0

"<#,!
,
M0

L$'
P6
' :

C
"
('0'

C
(

,

-!
'

- # :0

;
T.

+

."
'
+
" %
! " .$. #( # % .$. #( # * # # % % &(' # # %

&
0
* *
%
' ' 0/ * * . R
! - + + + ! , (56,!

0 8
-
)
) * ) + ." ,+
) ) ( * .- ) ( *
*
+
+

+
*
) ( * , , ) % ( *
+ + +
+
."
+
."
%

! -
/1/ 5
% /1/ 7698;: 5
1

R
(
* 2

R

+
S
,
?-
0/1/ # %

# % /2/

6
43 % ; '
-

' ' '

# # # #
' * ; $ + C

+ + #! (
-! - ! 9" ! +

'< 1' '=*
E
' -!"
* +
. 7 ( E 0 A

Q+ "$ ! "<
!"$# !( ,!-
'
. 6. 0 " ( 0
C " (

! - - !- #% + "< #

'
0 A . 6. Q. M0R!' 8 ,!- 1 ' 0 A

!( ,!- ! 4# , + "<# !( ,!-
' '
#
"
. 6. RV. 1 '01 Q0 0 . ' 0 '0

! - @# 4 "< -! -!
'
6 :C -

0 C ( R7 ' 0 'C

#% -! + "< ! , (56,! 2 "< <-!

+ * ' '

' - # (

-30R' :0 R
R!C'0 . 0 7 ' C

# #! ( - 4#! -! &"< -!
6 Q0

'C 0 C

4-! ( ! # + "< -!

'
"<

C
-!
'C
- #!

"

E-!

2
'
"<

C
!

+

"<

"
' *

* ' *
' 0 .
' 0 10 1

->-! 2 "< ! + "< ! #! ( -!
0

1
'
#!
R
R!C'0

L .9NG
,
. 6.
-! "

-

+ +
!(
+

!(
V.

/

' & * & '

"

& ) '
+& ' 2' ' '
RQL . (
P6 (56,! 9( + "< - ,"< 9 A-! "<#-
'
; @+ "< 8 -

40
' :L@R 30 ( 0

P6 , - -
' ' '

*
#
. 0 T. Q0 C 0
# - ! T+ <+ "$ E
#% # <- -! 8# -!

' '
+
+

+

"<

P6

6 :C -

R:L
P6

.
,!

"

-
"$ ,!#<
-

'
- #

R C ( .

- M & # ( -+ "< <+ "<
' '
(

N 9
'C 0 8 R
'C' :1 90 84
'C'
, - ,"< - # "$
P6 " " "<
'
#

0
' :( Q0 < ! .AN C
' R

&P -! "< "<68E, +" O! "$ - P M

18 ('0' C'0'(' R
'C'
.

+ "< " -! ! # ( "$ " "$6
& " &%

' 0 0 0'0'VR 0 '
! - +-
# -! Q + "< -!
!
# %
' ' '
! %,

0 . < '0 C ! ( C

! # P , + "< "<6
-! "< "<# " "4,"
-!

'
(

C R
: ( 80 (
3'CL6.

# - ! - # , -!
"
) '
Q. ( #

R 0'C' '0'
R'0 R:L 0 ! 0
+ ( " "
'0' C
() &% 12, C'0'

' ! .
/1/ (( ** * /1/ * /1/

*+
< #! + &! #!- " , +" # -
( * *

* /2/ % * * /2/ /2/

* /2/
-% * - * /1/ % % % %

! ,+ ,+ ! - -! ,+ !
*
. . "$#&%('*) "$#&%('*) . . "$#&%-'*)
(
*
10
' 1/ / /2/
/. .
! -

' '
0

! 4P6

+-" #
0

C
+

"< <-! 4#
0

0
+

"<
(
! .

! " , (U-! P6
! #!
"
('
,

+-"

L
+,

R

L!
! +
'0'
(
C

Q.
2 #
'' 6
3 (
",
R
M

M

,
M P6 + "$ .
2

.' 6
M

" ,
R
&3

M

,
-3 P6 +

"<
T.
2
1
#
'1
&"<

(

#
C

R
M &

3

,
1 M P6 + "< -
'
!

R

"
('0'G.
#
' ' ' '
NG (' ! L !

0 ' L

#! " , +" +, 2- " # P6
+' '
"< .
"
C' < '1 : '

?-! - " - ! P6 # &" + -!
! .3

' C' ' ! ( !
#!- " " - " - "<6- , +"

C ?R ( ( L '

,!"< -? &" - #! 5 , + "$# E! ,"<

' '

L

8
R ' 0 ' 0 0 . 0'
- " # ,! P6
# + "< -!
! .

C
R '

'C' -3CR!'
" - - 8! ,!"
,! 56, + # " -!
' '
'
T. 0 6
C ' L 1U -
L
*
P6 ! - P6 "< ,!-
5 , P6 P6 956,
*' 1'
0 0 R
C , ( , Q.
" , -! - " # - !
'
NG

+",
'
'

8

,!"<
(

-

4
* S
?C !

('
2 '
- #

R

;Q
' (
V.

'

1' 2'

0 2 0 ! . 2 - R
& -" , " " "<6- "$ !

' -
;Q E -

R ( !0 ' 0 1
' ' R V. 0 1
'

"< (+, - # !, ( P6 !
'
#

-!
('

!"
C'0'
-
'0L ( -! E

. #!#
'CL:C

"<6-

-
'
-
C
' ;Q 0
QL
C'U(R 0 ! 1
' 0 L

2 !,! ( ,!! "<(P6 "
-! 4# "
0
"
( :L ' 4

'1

- L< T.
,+
10 i=1 10 j=1
8 8
6 i=2 6
j=2
4 4
i=3
2 2
j=3
0 2 4 6 8 10 0 2 4 6 8 10

+ * + ,
+ ,+ + + +
0. C. C.
* + + *
0. C. 0.
0.
0. 0.

+
+
* * *

,

+

,+ +

.

,

+

+ + +

/ '
-
43 %
43 % +
#

A .
7
'

,!- "< -
!"<# "=
-
6 !.
-

"

.

'
* * '
* 9

* +

7 ( 0 (' A(
*
-, " # +" - + "< -! -(
(
' ,!"

(
C
' 7 .
*
# +" ?+ "< 8!

+

'
. .
!

'
R
+
* 2

- * * 2
- *

/.EN L 0 ! ' V0 8-
.

-! "
&%
"4,!" "<

- *
- % * +
. .
2 2
0G.
"<#!,

,

+ . + .
*
+E

*
&%
.
- * 2 ' ; *
2
'
C0G. ' ( ('
/.
2
# ? P ,! "

P
. ; (
*
$ ' ,!" +"
.

,
. /

# '

,
M0
4",
'

#
'
+

"<
.
- '
'
-
$;
:L$
' <C A . . 1
' -3
- P6 - -!" P6 ,! -!"
"
''
0 U0 0 UC C
'C' ('
#
S#% + "< ! E# :U+ "< # -! (P6 #! "
1' 2'
' C ! M0R!' C Q R 0 (
"$6 +, 4--! 4" "4,!" # -?
' ' '

0 :
'VM .
P , "<
14 , '
"
NG E
' 0 (' 3

"= ! " "4,!" <! ( - #!#
+

' ,"

( 0 '0 (' - . ( 0 C

"< 8" "4,!" >-! "< "$ $ 8#
' 2'
"<# +

C 0 . 0

+ "< +# - + "< - " #!#

2' ' 2'
!6 2 !'0L 1 !6 2 "

' . ' < 0
, (U-! ( P6 & ! &"< !, , "4,!"
' ' '

-30R' " R!0
'0L TR ' 4 R0 C :
'

# 56, P6 ,! !, #! + & " ! 9 P ,

' 2' '
# 1
'0L . - #% 0 ' 0 T.

6 ! +" + "< -
P6 P6 #%
2' '
0 - # , ' R L
R' 0 8(

! " "4,!" >P6 & P6 "< #

' '

P6

R!'
+-! -<#
C

.
!

'

"

!,
'
#!- +
- #%

(56,

'C'0L

' ' '

R!'
'0' 0 ' ? L L

P6 2 #% "< 2 "< , ,!# - P6 # "
$;
' '
! L V. (' M -
9-! : .
* +
# ?, +" +, !"

' -
7
' R C L V -3
QL '
! -! # "< ,!- -! "$
' '

' * + ' ,!" &
3 . 0 L8 ('0'
'C'0L R(R!'

$! ( - ,!" -! (56, #!-
' '
(' 1 ' 0 ! -3 . ('

P6 & P ,! 6 "< ,! E+ ( "< !"
* +

,
' !6 >-!

>

!

$#!

L
"<

,!-
( M

.

L

' M G.

"< ,!- ,! " E
9-! - "<

2'
;
,
+ ,
!
0,
!

' L 0'C' U

" -! 2#!-# - - E # -! -!

' -

0 0 . 73
- , 2M #% ! + "< 2-! <" -

,

:. 0
' 4 '
'
-

",!" 8-
&"< P ,!

,+
*

0'
-! <"
C !
"4,!"
- -
'

'

(
8

'
&"<

P
('
,!
:.
! T+

' 1'
!6
;
S
:. 3
*
( !
;
,
,+
' ,!"

. 2
(' .3

# ! " ( P ,! QU E#
!'0L -3 M0R!' G. V3

"< #% V- "$
'
' -3CR!' V.
-! # +E ,
!

,
'

R

C

8

'

-!"

!(
?C
A
,!
.:.
+

R

'

A . / L V.
*

N ' '
- < " V. '

,!- " (56,! !(

#
P6 7
-

##
0

+

"

.
A0
-

#$

.

"

$

'
' '
,!- 0 $ L!M('

13 <0

! -, +" "< "< "<#!, P + -! #! #!-# -
'
R 0 : M 7
'9 ,!- (

E-! #!- , "< , "<
' '
: M 7
' 7 . AR 3 ! ( C '1

P6 & (M "< #!- ! - - A(P6 V-!

' / ' ' 1' '

&
0
!

"<#,!
3

"<" ,
!

L2C
-!

,
,!- +" "<

! &
L .
! -

-

' ' ! ' '
' ! :1 '1 !E
0
! .

M
"< + -! # "$ 9"< &! ! , "<
1' ' '

NG : ' "< V"< -! ! : M
' :0 7 0 C R

-! # -! & "< 6
# -! E"<(P
'
(

Q 73
' 1 . 1 R!'
! -! "< "< P6 - +-" (56,! 2
+ "< #!- "

'
' 0 3L '0C '0C 3
+-" , - -"
- " ( (5 , P6 #

' '

' ;

0 0 T.N 0 '1 R C
"<(P # "< + "< & -! - 8-! ," (#

' ' ' ' '
' - '
4
1

5 , + ,! ! 8, 56,!
, ,! -! 8 ? -!
'.' '
' 2R : . NG 0
( ! (' ' >
,! -, ! , "< -! -! 8#! ( , -
' ' '

(
'1-
"
8( (' . 0
'

P6 9! "$ #!-8P ,! P , ##! ! - P6 -
'

"
M '0 R!' C ' 0 ' 8( R . .

"<# #! &" P6 P "< ,"<#! - 4 "$
1' ' ' '

;Q

M' !'0L !'0L R
,"<#! (E "< - "< ( # (E

' ' ' '
. '0L

'(

'

# ,!3 & # P6 4#!-# & "< &! +

' ' ' ' '
"<#!,! 0
'

( ( 3'1
.

"< - - &#!2+-" #! ( ! A"$ !

' '

"$#!,!

M'

+
'0'
(
2RQL

Q

-!

#!-
.
&

#

"$ !
- ' '
( R 0R 8 '0' .
+ (

(
% "
0 2'CL:C ( R R 0R RQL

,!"< <- $! 8"<
#

'
0
!
% "
L

# #

' 1
M'
-! P6 P6 ! P6

' '
0
! O - -

C 0 Q

P6 P6 A+-" ! E ! #%

/
- . (' P6 -
7 +-"

- #! ! P6 #!- , 4#! ( , #% & #

,!"
0
2+

'V' -

P6
8RQL
% " % #
%% "#
!
!
.
"
# % % %% "#

!
! .

1
(5 ,

8R

-

# % . # % # %

# % .
! -
.
# % # % ' ' !C
P6 &

#!-
!#"%$& ' )(+*-,/.-0
' $ &

1 ! " - ' $ &32
$ 5 $ 6(87
&42
1' ' ' :9
' '
! "

#

!'CL

-!

"

9#%
3

A

! ,
;Q

(
.
U

9 9
7/
C C 8 3
R 0 1
-
R " R!C
# -! " &# 4 5 , - +-"
-!
C
-4

"

-

4 5 ,

< ;
. .

= ; .

(0 ' ('0' C 9

1' . (0 ' .
# * % * <;
! - ! " P6 + " # -! #!-

. . .

# ) % ) <;
. . .
.

. .

R (0 '

8R:L '0' C 2- &! 0 4M0 '

# % 8# C
9 '
# *%*
" +E

.

# %
.
.
) )

' # %
9 '
' ' '

R

C

R:L 'C' 0 -! "

1

R

C

R:L 'C' 0 < -! C
-

P6

! ,
;Q
(

#!-
E

7
'
P6
'

6( 9
< / ; /

=
/ /
'
' 1
R (0 RQL '1 C ' ,"
' ' ,!" 7 ?.

# 4 ( !

' ' '.' 7/
' ( 3'1 &
R C ! 'C' 0
! 56, - " - +<- ?, " " + (

9
9
Q#!
3

(P6
('0' ( : !
- -
( 3'1

=
'
-

(
#!-?P

'
,!

4 /2/ /1/
1 '
</
0 ! & 1 -3
'C' )

' '0' C

" 4 Q#! (P6 (5 , P E$! 2+ ( +, (P6

'
/2/ = /2/ .
= =
' ' ' 2'
9 ('VRM (' "<# ' &" .

! - -! " + -! -! U(
!9
# % / # % # % # % 2'
; T L
R

R 7
' ' 0 . 73 !
"<#!,!- -! E P6 & -" ,
' ' # %
P6
- 9
,

:.
,
'

#
'0LQ0

R:L

$R

M

(5 ,

.

'0
"
0 7

! &#%

.
# % # % # % # %

- '

,!"
R
&

( P6
' ( ?R ,

C '

56,

-

"

- + .
#* %+* #* % * # * % * #* % *

.
.
.
.
. ,+
# ) % ) # ) % ) # ) % # ) % )
. . .

)

.

#* % * # * % * + .
.
.
.
.
# % # %
. . .

) ) ) ) .

"
! - # % O 9 6 # %

9
Q.
!
(R
(P6 (56,

4&
8R
2

-
8 7/

.
' ' '

'
! -
1
P6
-
1
"

-
.

( ; "<#,! R:L
#!,

,
C
P6

9"< -!
.
9 9
' ' '
A0 7
'0'CL
M'
'E( (' ' R ;: 7

<! - P6
< (56,

'
.
. ( >R <,

'
P6 4+

,
;:

#!-

2

"

4#%
0
2,
M0

'

.
56, "< -!
"

.
&

P6 (5 ,

.
' . .
:.
&

P6 (5 ,

.
+" (56,

. .

:.
&

P6 (5 ,

. Q.
+
!.
&

P6 (5 ,

. . :.

2' ' * 9 ' <9 '
'
' 4 Q 73
' R 9 : M 7
' : M 4 '

! -! & "< ,! " - M "< 2 "<
' '
;

0 . ( @0 "<#!,!- 2P M @1 (

,! # #! "<# P6 2-!
' ' '

:
"<
M

+"
M0

'
4" ,
'

#
'

"

.
! -

P6 &

' ,! +-
(P6 C
9
' +' 9 '
0
'0L
R 0 : C

+" +" " 8:," , + 5 ,! - ,
9 9
' ' 0/
C EP 13 . ,! 0 ' , :0 !( V.

" ! - Q,!- "$
!

P6 &

#
( ?R :# -

<0
P6

'

L
2 &#!
9
-!
'
:

#
C
E

-!

R

9
2
'

% " ! 9 -# # 1' : '

,3 -" ! ( P6 , ! <
#
'1

R

,!M

9
2 ,3

'
Q

. 88 % 88 " 9
! !
!

E

(
' #
0

# ' % '
:

9
2
,3

M'(

9 '
9

0'

!
,
-

% " ! M0

3C M0 .
9 ' 9 9 ' '

' '
:1

NG C'0' -
:C .ENG

#! & , - #!!"< & & # +-"
9
'
'
E ( . ( R

- & M " + Q , 8- P6 # ! " 4

9
' +'
0

E

+

-?

#
-

"

C
-! 2

Q

"

.

E

+

0
P6

'CL
9 9
'
#!-#-

'
-!

,

->-
(P6 4

#
. NG

# ?+-"

:0

L
9
' ' '
'
&P6
'
P

1

40 >M0

'

"

- ,

(
P6

#
. N
#!!-"< &
<
-
;

",
'

#
'

"

4R:L :

'C
Q

,
9 E,

E(P6
- (0 4ML! "
+
"<#!,! 0

#
.

$

EDGFED
H !
J J J < J !
-' + * -9
59 & '
9 9
"<
9
3 ' L9 8C A :. . ' '
"$# - 2 "< &
,!- -! + ! +
' ' 9 # * ' 9# ' '

9 - U( & "<
' (

1 ' ' :1 0
! + ! E Q ! + -! !
=?@> A7ADC<EGF+HI)HJLKNM+HM
:

#!-

!

"

6 :0 7 C
!
'
T+

"

!

"

6 :0 C

W(x,y,z)
B
C1 C2
+/
X1 X2

A
,!-
+
:. - 4 "< -
L6.
& "< :.EN 10 ' 1

' #* # ' 1' * '
9 9

2 Q +-" ,!- 4 -! 4M -
9
# * #- ' -
(' .
&
(56, P ! T+ P6
+
Q.
9
&-

#* #' + * Q.
#* # ' - ' 9 & -9

1' ' 1' ' #* # ' '
! -

-!
Q
#

L6.

P6

-
ML!
" ! +
('U' (9
"<
1' ' ' '

R7

'00

Q

;Q (
V. N
E-!
:1
#

L &
R

"$#!,! +-"
'
+

9 9
' ' '

&
8R 0 M0 (R V. 3

Q " -! &#! - " , ! (P6 (5 , -!
' 9 ' "'

:1 L 1*C '0L
' . R T' & "<

# P6 & #!# -? #!- ! -?-! #! ,
'

Q
#

L

C'

R

-! &

L
+" -!
"$ #! ,

"
('0' Q
#

L6.

EDGFEDGF ! ! 9
H J I 9JUI J H !J !J
/ (0 8 0
'
! - -! " # -
.
6

&

:. '

#

:. C ' V.
' ' '

,3 - #
9
9
' ' '
NG 7 - 40 L$' ' ( . ( 8R

-! - # - 6 & P6 " # ! 6
9
9
'
60 & U# 0 . "<#!,!- !'CL T. - #%

&#! 9 - 6 !
9
'

1
0 C '

- # -! 2" # - & ! ! 6 +" -! + " - 4" -?-!
9
'
6
C
!

Q

"

.
,! 8!
#
4 -
C "

0 0
-
'C
"

-
9
' ' '
'0L : 3 V.
R <' R -30R' 0 R

"< ! & + -! - ,!" & (# " #!# M

9
' ' ' '
'
7
C '0 .NG

T+ Q " - 6 ! 2, " 9! # -

- #
9 -! # P

'
,!

2-! <- 6

- ,

- & -"
0
#!

4 < "

0 0
<#

Q
'
C ' V.
, - #

+
'

'

'
'
'

+ (/
* 9 9 '

#
Q.

A
' . R !(
,!- &"<
-!" T+ " : "
N 1
'S L .

EDGFED

)!

9 '
' '
(' 1
' 6( 1 ML '(0 V.

! - A !" (V-! - " Q#
' ' '

1
' 4R:L ( M 83L .
C 19
' 1

-!" "< P - -! Q,!" P - " ! " ( "

9 "

-

" ! &

<#

:
' 0
!

"

(
"
'0LR!'

.
!

' 'C' 0
0 T.
' 2' '

9 ' ' 2'
-!" , ! + (
= !#"%$'&)(+*,(-(.&0/
'
9 ' Q
4R!' 9 '
- !, " 2 4-! - !, "
R!'1 T.
8!
= !12&(-143,(.&0/ ' '

9 ' 2'
'
' >R 0 9
R 0 ' ' 3 0'
! # !, ,!, # Q !, P6 "
.
&#!
561%(-783,9'1,9':;: ' 2' '

+-"
'
T+

"

!,
'
"

-
'0L

+-" !

Q
.
1' ! 92
# 0 9 '
"
< =
1' '
C !
' : R
C M0 CR!0'C L 7
C .

! - # , ! "<# !
>
' @?ACBEDF;G # IH
0 L
! -
0 4 C ' T. 0R!C'0 L

, , 5 , , -! ! "$#

' '

C
R R:L 'CL:C @R 7*C
- $ + #!# ?-! # M ! <- 6
+
1 ' KJ ML CN 9 '
' ( . : 3 ('E ( < 0 Q. Q. RV.

T+ Q " "$ - # !( ,
. 9
' OJ - L CN O
# 9Q '
3 'C L M !'CL . 8RQL Q

"<# ,"< - -! " ! - - !(
R' + P E RQL 0.9NG A :. :. L RQL
'
T
* 9%
9

9%
)
!( ,!- !( ! "<#!,
R +
S
9 '
'0LQ0 0R!C'0 L
0 ?C :. :. RV.
## 4-! "$# " !( ,
U
1'
L L 'CL 3C 'C' 0
" - ! - & P6 "<#!, , < + (
V 9 W
! "$

8

+

!

0
,

L

,
!
5 ,

-

0

T.
Z[
X ) VY! \ &_^P` ]
\
Z #
a X )
c *
V
Y
a X )c * mon VY n< X <@Y ;p q p
[
2Ie $Of g8hQi [] 2 2 q y
3Vb!c7#2d 3 b
b!c d b
rost [
' uvwyx0z{|^~}x g4jk.l r
+

.
"<#!,!- -!
0 !

1
' 8 -
' ! # A G G BEG %

,
30
-!

-
(0

+
'0'
(
0/

# % 0
# % # %
! &

)
-! T'
,
M
P6

E#

V.
:.EN
&

P6
'CL "$#!,!

)
+
'0'

7/

a !#"$ &% %#')( d "'+* d-, c/. 10938 25476 -8? @ "$ A% % B d " dC, ' ' " @ % % d " d, >D
b a + + +
0:; <>= % %
%('
%
%('
" $ % % d " dC, bFEHGJILK TSU7VCWNMPO

RQ IYX +

A
,!
+ 3Z
Q.
A

-

'

-!"
.
[
[ [ [
[ [ [ [
[ [ [
[

A
,!
+ \+ Z
Q.

L<

R
-!6 ^] ?,

]

0

- A

'

"
.

! &

9\_F`

. N
3% 2
!

(R

P6
"

@

",!"
! &"<
9
#
-!
-3CR!'

a]

-"W

#

9cb
L
-!

Q

3
]
:

9
1
'C'
1
-! !-
]
4!

] 9 ]ed
V ? A G > %
!
' (
-"
1
9
W f]
]G.Hhg G;G %
R L6.

"<#!, ! ,#!# P6 " < & +" 8! "$ #
] 9 .

9
0 43 1
'C'
]
! &" - ! " , -! &" "<#!, -!
#
('

L
!

-!

C
,

I
L

0

P

'

.
! -

A]
? -"
1
-!
0

1
'O
-
L
W ]] ] ] !

.

: <- #% & <,!#?-! P6
!

('

!" + Pi
1 M
"
C'
A-
9
!

]

P6
40 A
,!-
+
Q. :.
ji
^] ]
+
L4 R 0 ' ('
oJ [ N
- -!6 , "<# "<
O - A !" !(
+ 6 +]
#J N
0 :. !. ' R:L 0 ' '
i
, ! ,!#!#+" 4# Q !(
"$ ( # Q
] "

b d + ]

' ' R:L V C L C .
-, # Q
, -" (56, !

L
#
.
('
P

'
,!

+

#%

P6
'0L
ki i .
l m
,; on
pn
rqtsun#v

EDGFED !J I J H J J
w>xzy&{\|}y~ |x#| ] y&|&|~z|y&{~ ]

93y{| ] |\y&{~5zy| ] ~x-yPy~ |xz#~5 x^yw>x~ ] |Py~
~\y-xy{| ] |x| ] |\y&{ yCx||&&&ky&~k\ Fy{|P x^y&|&#~Cy&-~xy&|w>xy&{| ~5&|y& ~5x
#5| ] y|&|~z|y&{\~ ] 9 ] |y&{zC~y&| ] yP|{ |>Az ||#y {1&~\x ] F |c-x
y&{\| |¡y+ |k ~5&|y&| ]e¢ -y&{£y&{\|>~5&&|#~x ] x1 | x£y{|&-{^yj ¤|¥f¦p{| ] # y
¡~§y&{|#|y}¤0y { ] |y&|z x\| ] jw>x1y&{Cz|y{~ ] y&{| ] &-y¨¤:9 _¨©«ª¬® 9¯~z\y&| ]
p¡~- ~ ¢ Z°±²
³)´µ¶^·>¸·>¹º^» a ¼ a ¼ µ¶ÂzÃ¯Ä·«¸ÂÃ¯ÅUº¯Æf´)µC¶ÂÃ¯ÄÂ¹·>¸ÂÃ¯ÅUº
½ 6¾3¿ ¼ ½^À ¾3¿ ¼ Á

«© h® © ¯® ©®

-| +^ Z |-yu¡~5)y{|§¦u~5y~j |Up©«h® ¯|¡yy&||~f-|| ¤|¥)©¯® -{^yy|&|~
A -||/ |© ®k ~5y~¡fy&{||y&-y| ] ] |\y&{N¤ ¡&~5 y&||~ ¤y0{-x
-~5& y{£¦p{|-5|+2 |P i ^ i 93y{| ¢ x ] ~ ¢ #| ] ¡~ 93x ] y&{| ] # y

x|k i
µC¶3·«¸º »¹
µh·^·º "!#%$'&)(+* ,- Ä/.¹0. ,- Ä5· µ21#3 4º
¢ {||
©«ª¬® x ] F©«ª¬® ||#|U y& | y&{|-|¡yjx ] & 5{3y§ |Ujw>x£~ ] |jy~6~y&|
] &-y£yk#~ x^yz©«ª¬® © i 65 ® © i 65 ® ¢ x ] ~ ¢ ~¡P5 -||C -x y{|z |U¡yj |C
y0{| ]¨¢ -y&8{H7 y&{|5H ||C -x£y&{|&-{^yj ¤|¥¦p{|&| yAx^y ] # ye¡&~5 #~& -|
] C#& y |
9 9:9 |>¬:h= ; #i ¬:y&; -~ x¬+^ w>¬ x
¬ i ¬ 9:9<9 ¯9 C y{|~x| ¢ {\. {£&~ ] |y{| ~5&|y& ~5x
5-|F-xey&{\|#~9:|F y&{|a#~|Fz|y{~ ] y{|>U ~&|y&-~x5 \| ¢ - ] |#|x ] ~5xey{|
~,{#x5|P x F©>ª¬®w>yPp#|y&y|Py&~#|}x\~&¤ 2| ] ~&|Cy ~x15{~ ¢ xe#| ~ ¢ Z °h±²
a¼ a¼ µC¶)ÂÃ¯Ä·>¸ÂÃ¯ÅUº¯Æf´µ¶ÂÃ¯ÄÂz¹·>¸ÂÃ¯ÅUº
½ ¾ 3 ¿ ½
? ³´)µC¶3·«¸·«¹º3» 6 ¼ A@ ¼ ÁÀ 3
¾ ¿
A a a ¼ µC´)µC¶)ÂÃ¯ÄÂz¹·«¸ÂÃ¯ÅUººDC
B ¼
½ 6A¾3¿ ¼ ½3À ¾3¿ ¼
µC¶3·«¸º »e¹E
? ³)´µ¶^·>¸·>¹ºF'0GIH¶JF'GLKGNMOQPR* ,S- ÄI.¹T. ,S- ÄU 2µ 1#3WVUº
w ¡+y&{|& 5{3yk | ¢ x ] ~ ¢ k£V | ] | ~xH~¡§y&{\|z |¡yk | ¢ x ] ~ ¢ «9| ' 7YX
9¡ ~5
~5x#yAx^y X 9y&{|x¨x\~&¤ 2| ] ~&|Cy ~x ¢ - ¯{| 3Z -\ 5-|f~¡"[

x~5y&{|P#~¥&- - ypy&~#|}y{|k ~¡h= #&| ]1] \ ||x! |© ® P{\~ ¢ x1#| ~ ¢ Z

]^] µC¶3·«¸·«¹º¯» a ¼ a ¼ µ µC¶)ÂÃ¯Ä·>¸ÂÃ¯ÅUºa*´µ¶ÂÃ¯ÄÂz¹·>¸ÂÃ¯ÅUºº C

½ 6`_ ¿ ½ À _ ¿
¼
¼ Á
µC¶3·>¸Uº#»e¹) b]^] µ¶^·>¸·>¹ºcFdeGLF'fgFdGIKJGhMOQP%* ,S- Ä .¤¹T. ,S- Ä 2µ 1#3W1Uº
¦p{|zx\~&¤ 'i| ] ~5&|y& ~5x x ] y{| |-z Cj|\ yU¦p{|z|-yj¡~

y|&|~
-~5& y{ &|k{~ ¢ -x-xkj#|Il3 m-9l3n lx ] l^ o
J l

©«h® © ¯® ©®

-|l3nl3ZI |-y}¡~y&{\|oP|x#\ y ¤| ©>®>¯|U¡yzy&||~ 5 -||p-5| © ®>P 5{3y
~5y~¡ y&{|P|y&-y| ]f] |y{¤}¡~ y&|&|~j¤y0{-x
y|&|~}5F-||-5|© ®
-~5& y{£¦p{|-5|+' i|P i ^ i 93y{| ¢ x ] ~ ¢ #| ] ¡~ m m-93x ] y&{| ] # y
x|k" !^
«© h® © ¯® ©®

-|lôZ |-yu¡~5 hx ]3¢ W { P |x#\ y-5|©>® ¯|¡y/y&|&|~fA ||-5|© ¯® P 5{3y
y|&|~}5F-||-5|©® ~5y~¡ y&{|P|y&-y| ]f] |y{¤}¡~ y&|&|~j¤y0{-x
-~5& y{£¦p{|j ¤|+d i|+ i 3 i 9Yy&{| ¢ -x ] ~ ¢ #| ] ¡~ C0m m-9x ] y&{| ] # y
x|k 3

o

pns s

>ncv
>w x P&x# ] N Fy&||~1~ { y&{\|~-| jy~ #j x ] x 5&-x|x3y§~¡ ] C#& y |_©>ª¬®
{y&{y+y ¢ ~ &-y&| F;G>G B G.H^ HyF;G x ]F g H VF0F \ &|a&y&j#| ] Z
©«ª¬® 7 aG a G
>© ª 5 d ¬ 5 d ® ;"!k©>ª 5 d/5 _©>ª¬®¬A 5 d ® $
5 #
% _©>ª¬® © ¬ l3o5®
0b2c G Vb2c G
¢ { ||
x ] ! |y&{|k |¡y+x ] &-{^y-5|&#_©>ª¬®PPy&{\| ] C#& y'y&{| % ~#|Ay~
~5zy|)y{|kJ~¡y&{\|F#~5 y| ] \ ||x!|p#|y ¢ ||x ] C#&-y_©>ª¬®Px ] yp| {^yPx|-{)(
#~A&x ]*# +U~5x#yAx^y~5f i,+ i |#x ] ] C#&-yAx5|~¡ .- \dZ^|cy{|&|
| /- G0212354 c~¥& -| ] C#&-ya 5xz|x^y ¢ {W {|-y-xUU~ x#y&~5&|:Z^ ~¥ ~5x Px# ]
#| y&| ] x\x|- xy&~~-|}y{p\&~\ |£¦p{|k-~ y{JP5 ¡~5 -~ ¢ UZ
| | y Fx ] ~Ryy| #
i | | y/{ 5{y&|z#|Ay&|f¦j
376 {- |f¦98 -
©>® ¥| | Uy;:=<
> @?A©2:B< ® ;C©2:)®A
© ®T¡ > D - y{|xE:F? :=<
© ®||G@? :| Z3
H.IK J ¬)LM?ONQPR © - ¬ ®A¬
¡LMSTG y&{|x9:U? : <
© ] ®T¡x\~ ] )| &|5|j-xV ¡~5+||A y&|y ~5x#py&{|x¨-~ ¢ |+¦j
¦p{|f&| yAP|{\~ ¢ x1 k x j#5&| l3
WYX[Z \^]V_aÙb c^d

egf \^]V_ihkjQlVm
w>x{#|j¡&~ { ] -x)5 |x-x-|jA || ¤|nhy{|f y&~|~|y&{|§ 5{3y/~ |
] -&| y ~5xx ] ¡«|j{##|§y|{dZ^|> -x!|P-5|u~¡ z~y¡«|o-xy&{|P| ¢ ~ ] x
#|\&~ Z^ y&| ] ^ #|&yxH&|o#|yAx!|nuy{|qp~ ye~¡§{##|¡&~5{# ] -x£z|y{~ ]
#|jy&{ | #|&yx|&o#|yAx!U|Pz~ ] |«¦p{|j-z#~yx^y#z|y&| x #|&yx&|o#|yAx!|
|k #| ] ~zx ] - \z x#x3y ] | y&-~x#Ur~z~x-y&{\|F #| ] ~P5&z| ] y&~#R | ~x#yx3y
¦p{|f&|&o| y!x |j¡!x Uy& ~5xz¡~ #|&yxe¡« |pCpz~ ] |-| ] p¡~- ~ ¢ Z
sc©«ªu¬A® 7 !F©ut¯¬v®¬ © l^ ®
7 5 twt)x 5 vwv.x ¬ © l^ !®
[ 5 t)y 5 vwy&z 5 t)yx 5 v{x y
7 ~¥| 5 t ~~}P-x| 5 v-x}P-x| ¬ © l^ /- ®
[ 5 ty 5 vy
¢ {||s#©>ª¬®Py&{|kA-||yj'Z3|©«ª¬®t 7$ v 7 t)x 7C Q X[ ^Q X I v.x 7 X I Q X I
}Cpy&{|jy -yp~¡y{|f - z-x#x^yx ] |e)y{|fx^yP~¡y&{\|j - z-x#x^y w xy&{CpX[z ~ ] |hy{|fX[¡« |
~ |x^yy&-~xP&|\&||x3y| ] ^¡« |F5 ] |x^y.©ut¯¬v®#x ] - \z x#x3yP&|||x3y| ] ^Cx^y
x ] y&- y§©}3¬|®+© | =#y ~5%x l^ /- ®~55 ] |x^yf©tx¬v/xA®+©
=#y ~5
x l3 !h®/5{~ ¢ xe x -| l3 !^
J

«© h® © ¯® ©®

-| l3 ZP| yA)¡~ P&x# ] N y&||~z 5~&-y&{ p¦p{|k x-yy&|z#|Ay&|jC /-w- x ] y+
] |U&|5| ] ||ey&-z|F^ .- ¦p{\|z5 \|~¡ # C m3£©>®f \ ~yf~¡+y&{||y y&| ]1] |y{
¤¡~5j¦~¤y&~-5|j# U©¯® -~y+~¡y&{|f|y&-y| ]z] |\y&{e¤¡~5P|x^-yP |
# U©®/ -~y+~¡y&{|f|y& ¤y&| ]z] |y{¡~5 hx ]3¢ W {-5|j#-U
¯ 5{3y~50U| ¥¡«©t |¬vh® ~

©ut x ¬v x ®

\&| l3 !3Z P|&o#|yAx!U| ¡~ ¡«|Fy0{

!
s
v [
e~yP~¡y{|f{##|}¡~ {# ] x-~ y{)| = |3x\~ ¢ x- {^y+~50U| ] &|)y&-~x#U-x!|jy{|
-{^y+~50 |C # 15&\z| ] y~#|y-xaj#x-yny&{|k 5{3y§~50U|F~ |x^yy&-~xeC U~x#yx^y¡~5
-#~¡y&{\|j¡« |#~5 x^y)-xy{|+ |~5x|+ |x&~^ ] |+|x~5{ x3¡~5&y& ~5xy&~k|y y&|
y&{\|F~ |P¦p{\|&|k|Fy ¢ ~ ¢ Py&~ ] |@ &-c|k -{^y+~\0 | ] | y&-~xZ +x|f#|+ Q( | y&~5.
y&{\|j~y{|p|y&{|+y ¢ ~ ] |||)~¡¡&|| ] ~ -x q( # | x3y x ] y -yw ¡ y&{|j-5|\x\|C
#- |\y&~fy&{| ( x|x3yy{|+x5 |+y&{|+ - x#x3y | y&~5 | ¢ -y&{y&{ | ~(«# Z^&¥x ]
y&- y/)y{|kx5 |fy&{\|j |j\x\| ~c~5x|x^yp~¡y{|f -z-x#x^y| y~ | ¢ -y&{zy{ | (> Z3C
||A#y&)| {x\ =|y&~|y&-y|+~\0 |f~ |x^yy&-~xz{#|+#||x ] || ~5c| ] ¦p{ | j#Ay/~x|^
|x^y&Cx ! ] o

"

|

y

&
y
|
&
y \
{
| -

^
{
y

~

| ]
&
| )
&
y -

~ F
x
¡ &
5
~ &
y
{ | ] C

&
y

\
&
y
5
~
x
~ ¡

| ] | 5y |U
#pf5&\z x§xk -. ¡« |Px ] C~5y&&~5. /¡« |/x~ ¤# Z^ g( $ |U{~~ ] x# \C
¢ 5 #|¡~z| ] y~|y y&|jy{|kx3y+x ] y -yPx\ | ~¡y{|f 5{3y+~ |
¦p{|f&-{^y&x|&P| =hy&-~xp5 |x3
s#©>ª¬® 7&%()+
'
* :
'
~
sc©«ª¬® 7,% ©R .-./5 R .-.05 R0/ - /®
1||
%
Cz ~5x#yAx^yz x ] xHy&{| -c| ] ~ y&|&£ ~{||2©>ª¬® 7 [ ! y ; ª y ; y
2
7 / 3 2 7 / {|x!|©R ¬R ¬0R /® 7 ©«ªu¬Ac¬523®A¦p{|kc~|f| =#y ~5x¨#|U~z|UZ
4G
s#©>ª¬® 7&% © ! ª -./5 ! -.05 ! 2 - /®

¦6^ xy&{| ] - &|Uy& ~5x# ] | 5y |+~¡y{|k#~|}|>=h#y&-~x xy&{\| ] &|)y&-~x!7 ¢ |j5|yZ
s.8 7,% © ~37 x7®
! -. 5 ! .-
~ ¢ y6^ x\y&{|fz|x~x#~y&{ ] | Z
9 .s 8 7,% © :9 ~37 -x7h®
.- 5 :9 -
~
9 .s 8 7 <© ; ~¥ 7 ; x=7h®
-. 5 -.
¢ { ||>-.; 7?% :9 7 - x ] - ; 7?% :9 - A@P|#|y x£y{|c~|z\&~|F xCB ] \ |&|x^y ] &|)y&-~x#
© U~37.D ¬A x7.D®©E ¬ 9'9d9 F¬ B ®3y{|f&|5&| ~5xz~ ] | x#| ] |V #| ] UZ
GH
s.9 8J NO GH ~¥07 x=7 NO
H .s 9 8LK O H
~¥07 y x=7 Gy
G O
H
H

O
O 7 H
H

O
O Q
. ¬
-;
-.; SR
I sM9 8 P I
~3 7` -x7` P
h
¢ { ||UT sV9 Dpy{|k|5|f~¡y&{|f x^y&|x#-y {#x5|k ~5xy&{|f ¤| ] |y&-~x£©~37.D>¬A x7.D®
y^., {\~.U|¡~©~W7XD«¬-x7.D ®/+ ~5xzy{|F|-{^y ] |y ~xp xey{|F-5|f& ] Zy ¢ ~-x
y&{\|}{\~&'i~x^y ] |y ~x 3y ¢ ~-xÿ{|f|&y. ] |y&-~x'\x ] ¡~+ ~5xzy&{\| ] 5~x#U
~-3-xy&{\|F#~|ky&|J^z-|y+ =#|& ¢ |}5|yZ
i-

GH
H
s
T .9 8 J N O
O
Ts.9 8 K
Q
.
-;
-.; R

7 © O o® c O
G
H
H

O
O
¬
T.s98
I P
¢ {|| C y{|fy&dZ~¡ ] -&|y ~5x#©~37.D¬-x7XD®

h
¦p{|fy&- y.} ~¡y&{\|}- 5{3y+~ | ] |y&-~xzCp-|x3 Z
} 7 yx© -;
®A¬
.
-;
x ] &y {\|Fx3y/~| ^ ~¡y{|f -{^yP~50U| ] - &|y ~5xzUZ

| 7 ~¥ z ; - y; y9 -
¦3-xFy{|+|:Z3#|Uy&| ] 5-|+~¡y{|§=#|~¡ x^y&|x# y ] | 5y |7 Ts y "3x ] x!|- -xj~\y
y&{\| ~z~xzy|&P#|y ¢ ||xk Ts " y x ] Ts y "^£\y&Ay xz~5x|F¡&~5 y{|F~5y&{|/ ¢ |{|
y&{\|}|y&-~x
Ts y ";F Ts " y 7,% y :9 y 9
-x!|,-.; 7 % :9 -. -.; 7 % :9 - # ¡ ¢ |F-x3y&~ ] | : 7 % :9
7 z T s y ";F T s " y cy{|F| =#y& ~5x¨¡~5
y&{\|Fx3yP~¡y&{|f- {^yP~ |=x1#|F z\ j| ] - x3y~Z
| 7 0;~ ; -; y 5 -;
y
y 9 :
|x^y&Cx ] C~|:Z^y&|x ] | ] y&{\P\&~¥{ey&~y&{\| ~5&-| ] 5

~ -x ">

s ¯v¨qtsun#v
1~5&x1x ] w |!{ J
"z x\ z i|Py{|j¡~ -~ ¢ x|&~5p¡x!y ~xy~|y&-y|y{|k{#c|©t ¬vh®AZ
7 ©s#©>ª¬® ;F!k©t¯¬vh®&® y 5 # ©t y 5 t y 5 v y 5 v y ® 9 ©l^ ®
p¦ {|LjyPy|& C)y{|j&|o#|yAx!|~5x#y-x3yP~5y x| ] ¡&~5 | =#y& ~5x8l3 #x ] y&{\|f|U~x ] y&|&
py{|kz~~5y&{x\|&p~¡y{|k¡«|=~5x#y-x3y\ ||x^y&y&-xy&{| #~|}|>=h#y&-~x ¢ y{¨|#|Uy
y&~atx ] v ^| =#y xy&{|f|-y&-xF| =#y& ~5x#Py&~ i|~)#x ] ~ ^ x\y&{| ¡~
t1x ] v ¢ |f5|yZ
t¯©«ª¬® 7 t ©>ª¬® 5 ©>ª¬#¬t¯¬v® ! t ¬ ©l^ i ®

v^©>ª¬® 7 v ©>ª¬® 5 ©«ª¬c¬t¯¬v® ! v ¬ © l^ h®

¢ { || ©>ª¬#¬t¯¬vh® 7 % d c 4 % d j¦p{|-y&|Ay |k-~ y{J¡~f{##|¡&~ {# ] x\z#-xzy{|
( *
#~|f| =#y ~x Cp |xz x -| l^ /-

i
7 - \.5 t ©>ª¬®/x v ©«ª¬®x|Pc~5x &

: ] ]
7 :
i : 5
t©>ª¬® 7 tc G >© ª¬® 5 ©«ªu¬Ac¬t ¬vh® ! t ©l3 ®
!
v3©>ª¬® v c G ©>ª¬® 5 ©«ªu¬Ac¬t ¬vh® v
7 ©l3 m®

3y~1 ¡y&{|f|&~PCP «
\&| l3 .- Z

1 ~5&x)(«w3!{ 5~ y&{\ ¡~§{##|}¡~ { ] -x
esBn 5q sn#v

|x^y&Cx ] l6"#~#~| ] -~ -~ y{ #| ] ~5xzy&{|+ -x|& yk~¡y{|+&|&o#|)yx!|+-xy{|
\¡« U|FA ] -|x^yf©t¯¬vh® ¢ {\.{¨5&|y&-e z\ j|y&{|a{#c|f¡&~5 {# ] xz\&~\ |£ #py6^ x\
y&{\|+¦^ ~|& ||:Z^#x# ~5x~¡ y&{|/&|&o|yx!|¡x!y ~x !a-|xF-x| =hy&-~xcl^ ¥#~yt 7 t
v 7 v 1y&{~5{ey&{\| jyP~5 ] |y|& ¢ |f{#|
sc©«ªu¬A® 7 !F©ut ¬v ® 5 ©tc;kt ® ! t ©ut ¬v ® 5 ©v;Fv ® ! v ©ut ¬v ® 9 ©l^ lh®
7 7
~
#|y&x&|&o#)| y!x |©| =hy&-~E x l3 !h®y&{|k#~|f| =#y ~x y
t v - &| ] ! |py~
sc©«ª¬® 7 ~| 5 t ~~}P x| 5 v x}P-x| 9 © l^ o®
:| Z^y. |x3yx ] yA6 |fy&{| ~ |fy&Ax#>¡~~¡+#~y{ ] |f~¡+y&{\}>| =h#y&-~x -! x |y&{c
| j#y
y&|&J~5xÿ{|f&-{^yPP r y&|&k y x1#| ] &~\c| ] § x\y&{|f ] |x3y y |UZ
ª
©>ª¬®
? © ¬ y ®©;=E ® ©l^ ®
©>ª¬®=? © ¬ ®A©;E ®¬
G G
©l^ !h®

G y y
¢ {|| Cpy&{| ~ |Pyx# ¡~5& ~¡ ©>ª¬® ¢ |f|y.
7 © ¬ y ®A© ;E ® ~~}P x| 5 © ¬ y ®© ;E y ®h x}P x|¯¬
G G G
¢ {|| CFy&{| ~\& |Fy&Ax#>¡~ ~¡fy&{\|¨-5|Y©«ª¬®A ¦p{| ] |y&{ ©>ª¬® xN#|
~5zy| ] ^ &|&Ax5 x y&{\| y|& xy&{\|H#~| | =#y& ~5x'jx ] y{|x y3-x y&{|H x^|A|
~ |Pyx# ¡~5&£
© ¬ y ® 7 ©;E ® ~)}P x | ©;E ®^ x}P x| 9

G G 5 y
¦)^W#&|-y)¡~ |x^y&Cx ] N )z|y&{~ ] /|f{~ ¢ x1 x -| l3 J y{| {#c|f¡&~5J{# ] -x
-~5& y{#|jz~| ~ :| Zkz~ ] |C!{z5p x^y&|&|&o|y&-~x#y{#x5 xa-c| ] ~Px ] #|U
&|o#|yAx!| l">¦p{||&~5 |¤&|z~5&| ] 6\ y§x ] &| =-&|F~&R | ~yy&-~x#y&-z|Fy~
~5 |
i5i

+&- x ¯|xx - 5|

|x^y&Cx ] N "|y{ £ q( -~yP~¡ |y{ £

5&| l^ J Z@P| yAo¡~=|x^y&Cx ] N ¥{##|}¡~ ¥{# ] -xz|y&{\~ ]
l v v q sn#v

¦P&Px ] {#{ Yi "/ x#y&| ] ~¡+- x|&'i x\zy&{|&|&o#|)yx!| xkt x ] v y&{|£#|zy{| ] CV|y&|
\&~ Z^ y& ~5x#u¡~5 tx ] vj xy|&~¡ 3x ] y{|x -x|&di|Py&{|P|&o#|yAx!U|P x ©>ª¬®¦p{|
#|}y{|j¡~- ~ ¢ x ] VU&|y|f\&~ Z3-y ~5x#)¡~
t1x ] v
t 7 ª 7 ©>ª¬®; ©«ª+; ¬A®A¬ ©l^ i - ®

v 7 7 ©>ª¬®;
©«ªu¬A6; ® 9 ©l^ i ®

¦p{|f&|o#|yAx!|§| =hy&-~x © | =#y ~5x%l^ !® x1x~ ¢ #|F| ¢ &-y&y|xUZ
© ©>ª¬®&® 7 s#©>ª¬® ;F!k© ©«ªu¬A®e; ©>ªc; ¬®¬ ©>ª¬® ; ©>ª¬ ; ®&® 7 - ©l^ i5i ®
x y ~5x #~y ©>ª¬® 7 c G ©«ª¬® ¢ {|&|
#peyA6^ xy&{|¦3-~f|&-||:Z^#x ~5x£~¡ y&{C ¡!
c ©>ª¬®py{| ] |y{1y+y&{|aRk; y|y&-~x'y{&~5{1y&{
G
| j#Ay+~ ] |Py&|& ¢ |j{|
- 7 © ©>ª¬®&®
© c G ©«ª¬®® 5 © ©«ªu¬AS® ; c G ©>ª¬®® T ©«T ªu ¬A® © c G ©>ª¬®&® 9 © l^ i h®

p¦ {|x¡~
©>ª¬® 7 ©«ªu¬A®3y&{\|
] |\y&{e¤1y+y&{| R(y&{1 y&|y ~5x'4xe#|a~-| ]] |y
¡~- ~ ¢ Z
©>ª¬® 7
c G ©«ªu¬A® 5 ; © c G ©>ª¬®® ©l^ i ®
, © >© ª¬®®
, c G
¢ {||
T © c G ©«ªu¬A®® 7 ;
© ©ut x 5 v x ® ;
©ut 5 vh®A©twt x 5 v{v x 5 ® ® ©l^ mh®
T [ t y 5 v y 5 z t y x 5 v x y 5 z ©

t y 5 {
v y 5 ® z
t y x 5 {
v x y 5 9 i
1
~ ¢ xy&{|k x-y&C|y y&|j~¡ ©>ª¬® 7 - ¡~5f-'Z3|&y{| ] |\y&{e¤x£#|
y|y&-| z|
j#x| ] # xV=#y ~x l3 i w xHz~¥y 5|y ¢ ~~Fy{&|| y&|y ~5x#f&||x~5{

¦p{|f&|-y)¡~+y&{\P-~5& y{ &|k{~ ¢ x1 x 5&| l^ i

i
©«h® ©¯®
© ® ©] ®
-| l^ i Z/¦p{|f&| yA)¡~~ ¢ xw>|/©>®P¦p{|f-xyP-5|¦p{|f- {^yP~ |f#A (
|y||y&-y| ] 3 ¯|| @P~|x3¡| ] z|y&{~ ] &|Z - PR 7 ; m 9 o>mE 7 l i 9 © ®+
q( -~y~¡ y&{| ] |\y&{ ~5zy| ] ^¦P&( {#{-~ y{£p© ® &| U~x#y&& y&| ] 5 ||
¤| x\ ] |\y&{ £ x © ¯® x ] ~x#yx3y P
T 7 i mJm ¢ -y&{Hy&{||y& ¤y&| ] 5{3yk~ |
] -&| y ~5x © - PR 7 ; m 9 o m E 7 l i 7 9 ® © ] ®ar| ~xy& y| ] ||p-5|¨ x\
] |\y&{£e x © ¯® x ] ~xyx3y P
T i mm ¢ -y&{ey{| -{^yj~ | ] -&| y ~5x © - P R m
7
E 7 - ®A
i

WYX "]Ve=egf b=dj \=b d
b e

>w x {~y~z|y&& y&|&|~£ y -|- 5{3y~ |&|1#| ] y&~H&| ~|{##|r~x ] |y{|&|.(
o#| Uy x |f| =hy&-~x1¥-x'y&{|f-x3y|x#-yCp |xz3
sc©«ª¬® 7 % '
)+* /: ' ¬ ©l^ i lh®
¢ { || % Cy&{|f #| ] ~ :£' C)y{|- 5{3y/~5 U|j| y~.^x ] )r '
Cy&{|f¡« |jx~5&>jz| ¢ |
y |fy&{||j ¤|s ~s y x ] s ¢ y&{y{&||f- {^y+~5 U|;: G : y x ] : 1 y{|xZ
G 1
s ©>ª¬® 7 % : ' G 9 ) ' ¬ ©l^ i o®
Gs ©>ª¬® 7 %,: ' y ) ' ¬ ©l^ i ®
y 9
s ©>ª¬® 7 % : ' 1 9 ) ' 9 © l^ i !h®
1
¦p{||f| =hy&-~x# x¨#| ¢ &-y&y|x xy&{|fy&d Z¡~& Z
- G R s
y- - Gy - /Gy R
- /
%

-
7 s G © l^ - ®
y 9
- 1 - 1 - /1

R/
3

s
1
+.
%
)
' 7 sc¬ ©l^ ®
% ' 7 sc¬ ©l^ i ®
)
G
J7 ©l^ h®
Gs 9
% '
)
-x |f¡« |Fx~5&¯Cpx yP| y&~5. R J7 ~ ¢ 3¡&~5Jy&{|kc~|f| = #y ~5x ¢ §
| |yZ
% 7 s © l^ ®
G 9
+x | ¢ |=3x~ ¢ y{|k-c| ] ~) % ¢ | x ~y&|
)
'
p¡~ -~ ¢ Z
Gs

' 7 ©l^ mh®
) % 9
¦p{|f&| yAp~yA-x| ] ^ z{\~y&~5z|y& +y|&|~z&|k{~ ¢ x1 x 5&| l3 3
im
«© h® ©¯® © ® ©] ®
-|cl3 3Z©>®(© ®§w>xyf-5| ¢ y{ - 5{3yf~ |© ¬ - ¬ ®©; ¬ ¬ ®p©; ¬:; ¬ ®k© ] ®jw>x)(
y&|x#-y ¤|§&| ~5x#y& Uy&y&| ] x\y&{|k\¡« U|Fx~5&
U~z\y&| ] ^z{\~y&~5z|y& +y|&|~
WYX Vb d
j b

| ¡| =hy&-~xEl3 o¥

i | ¡| =hy&-~xEl3 i m^
il

X l =d
e,h
j/egl

!#"%$'&(#"*),+-".!+-"*)/"102043!"56$7)/08 9":;<0-3!"=:?>)p@" A0B;C+4:#&D043E")/"F)@:?+HGJIK3!"*)/"$L&M?"N),.!+-:*O6$756"K0-3!"

56$'+4" 90QqP ( R$'6;C:?+-&(0-$L:?ST)/3U.F"?VJ$L 9:#60-+W#)/0=04:X043E"Y$L104"U)/$L0@Z[$'&(#"*)]\=3!$ ^3_+4" 9:#+W5`043E"a*&`:?bE60
@
:;2c'$L#360J+4" oF" 90-"*5d;C+-:?&043!"e:?)> p@" 908)9Ggfh_$L104"F)@$L0@Za$'&(#"*)i043!"e$L104"F)@$L0@ZaO#*cLb!"e0j.!$Lk1"c<56".F"F5E)

:?l043E"[cL$L#360e)/:#b!+ A"mc': 0-$L:? n)/b!+@;o 9"X+4" oF" 908 9n" p*F5)@b!+/;o 9"X)/3U.F"qG[fT:?+856"+j04:M56"+4$'Oq"[QP (
)/3U.F"`;C+4:?&r$L104"HF)/$'0/Z$'&(#"*)Y\K"È""*50-:.E.!cLZs)/3F*.F"M;C+-:?& &`"043E:15!)j?)[56$7) 9bF)-)/"*5l$Lt0-3!"
.!+-"O6$':?bF) W3F.!0-"+G %*!?"u$L&(*?"j.!+4:*O1$v56"u56"H.!043w$L6;C:#+4&(*04$L:#w56$L+-" 904c'ZqGyx%:*\K"Oq"/+ 6+8!#"[)/"HF)/:#+W)

+-"X)/c':\zF5"k1.F"F)/$'Oq"qGjIK3!"Zw.!+4:*O1$v56"d+-+WZ!)Y:*;=1b!&m>F"+8)K\=3!$ W3l)/0-$Lc'cB!"H"*5!)%0-:{>F"X.!+4: A"*)4)@"*5

@
U5|UcLZ i"*5<G
XW} ~ _lVmb f _amb cêdf _ j/egl
>!cL: (T56$7#+W& :;ya0@Z1.!$ *cp+8!#"[)/"HF)/:#+%$7)=)/3!:*\=|$' B$L#b!+4" oqG'?G

IK3!"Kc'$L#360n>F"**&R$7)p04+8F)@&`$L0-04"*5%;C+4:#&043E"K04+8F)@&`$L0-04"+<\=3!$ W3u)/0-+4$ q"N)p043!"J:?>)p@" 902?)i)@3!:*\='#F5
5
+4" oF" 90-"*5`>F (04:X043!"u+4" 9"H$LOq"+y043!+-:?b!#3l) *!!$LE`&`$L+-+4:#+G )/" 9:#F5{c'$L#360>F"*&$v)c7)/:()@"10%0-:

043E"Y+4" A"$LOq"+g56$'+4" 90-cLZqG2IK3!"e+4" 9"H$LOq"+J51"04"+-&`$LE"*),0-3!"Y.!3U?)/"56$ \<"+-" 9">F"0@\K""X043E"Y+4&" oU" 904"N5[F5

5
043E"a+4"A;C"+4" 9"Y>F"*&M)K04: 9:?&`.Eb!04"j043E"a51$v)/08 A"a:;:?)> p@" 90K;C+-:?&043E"[)/"HF)/:#+G %"Hk6/0 !043!"u) H!!$'!

&`$'+4+4:#+Y$v)j*.!.!+4:#.!+4$70-"cLZ&`:*Oq"*5($L0-3!"m3E:?+4'$ i:?10W*cyF5Oq"H+404$ cg56$'+4" 90-$L:#F&) 2U5043!"[.E+4: 9"*)-)$7)
+4"H."N04"N5_;C:#+%0-3!"j:?0-3!"+=cL: H04$':?w:?(043!"j:#)> p@" 90G
)K\K" 1!:*\;C+-:?& i31Z!)@$ )J043!"u)@."H"*5 FQ ;C+4"Nb!"H 9Z FU5M0-3!"j\=Oq"Yc'"!?0-'3 # <+-"+-"cv*04"*5
?)[;C:?cLc':*\)9t GIK3!"+-"9;C:?+-" K\=$'043)/.F""N5:;ucL$'?310`tP - K;C:?+(&Mk1$L&Xb!&+W*!?"
?
:;P - &_"04"+8&) 2\K"`# !"H"*504:3UNOq"_cL$L#360u>F"*&\=$'043{;C+-"*qb!" 9n" + i:*0 ; 1H? @ - + - 0 G

IK3!"0-3!"[51$v)/08 A" pY p:*;K0-3!"a:#)> p@" 90.F:?$L10%;C+-:?&043!"X)@"F)@:? + *>F"[56"0-"+4&_$L!1 "*5X>6Z(043E"[.!3F?)@"
56$ \p"H+4" A" ?>F"0@\y""j043!"y+4"9;C"H+4" A"K*F5+-&" oF" A04"*5Y>F"*&M),>1Zj043!"J;C:?cLc':*\=$L!K;C:#+4&Xb!cv1n? # 8
:?+e # G
7
8
120
!" 1290 :?&_&`"+ A$L*cLc'ZXNO#*$Lcv*>!cL"[+8!#"X)/"U)/:?/+ c'cL"*5 ]I=[f r P *.!.F".+ n3F#)%043!"a;C:#cLc':7\ (
$LEl)/.F" 9$ j 0-$L:#F)9GlIK3!"()@"F)@:?+XbF)/"*)u)/:#cL$v5)@0W0-" - E& SF*!:&`"0-"+W)WVjY c )mS/e*cLcL$'b!&
>
c'cLb!&`$'6bE& +W)@"!$v51"?VKc7?)@"+j56$':156"qGjIK3!"X) s)/ZE)/0-"&bF)/"*)jm+-:?0804:#+4Z.F:?c'Z6#:?l&`$L+-+4:#+K;C:?+Y0-3!"

3!:#+4d$ iH:?10WcQ) **F5|.!cv*F+[!:15E56$L!l&`$'+4+4:#+Y;C:?+[043E"{Oq"H+404$ c) *nGtfT0[.!+-:O1$v51"*)mH + H
.!$'k6"c7)K$L&(*?"Y\=$'043wa;C+W&_"+80-":*; P mm&()@" 9;C+8&`"GiIK3!"j+W*!?"[+-"*)/:#cLb!0-$L:#{$7)# #m$' ^3E"*&) EF5
&`$'!$L&[b!&+8!#"[:;#G m¡;C"H"0G )¢$'0=$v)=:?>1O6$':?bF)=04g 3Fo *0 - !&\=Oq"jcL"H!?0-3)/"HF)/:#+Y\=$Lc'cn3FOq"Oq"H+4Z

OBJECT
REFLECTED
LIGHT
Transmitted Received
Beam Light
Light
Beam Amplitud
Output
TRANSMITER RECEIVER
SCANNING
MIRROR UNIT
Phase
B$L#b!+4" oGL? Kc': (T51$v#+W*&:;ya+8!#"[)@"F)/:#+G

Reference Phase Output
#
cL$'&`$L0-"*5`+W*!?"2043!"H+4"9;C:#+4"n043E$v)Ycv#)/"+j>F"*&r$v)Y!:#+4&(*cLc'Z{&_:156b!cv*04"*5\=$L0-3t)@:?&`"[3E$L?3;C+4"Nb!"H 9Z
)/$'?F*c=S"G !GX - x#V=04:( ^3E$L"Oq"u3!$L#3!"+Y+8!#"p"qG !GuP - & +8!#"qG q$' 9"a0-3!"X)/"HF)/:#+ A:?&`.!bE04"*)
043E"Y+W*!?"j>F#)/"*5`:?(0-3!"j.!3F?)@"u56$ <"+-" 9"\=3!$ W3 *(O?*+4ZX>F"0@\K"" - 04:XP
- 56"#+4""*) 60-3!"j.!3F?)@"

56$p"H+4" A"=:;n&_:?+4"=0-3F_P

- 56"H?+4"H"*)i$v)i!:?0J.F:q)-)/$'>!cL"04:d56"04"H+4&`$'!"y 9bE+W0-"cLZd56b!"04:j043E"%F*04b!+-"
:;0-3!" 9:?104$'6b!:#bF)Y\=Oq"9;C:#+4&()AG !:?+a"Hk!*&`.!cLn" 0-3!"m.E3F?)@"(56$ <"+-" 9"[:*;eP
56"?+-""*)Y\=$Lc'ci"*)-)/") (
04$7c'cLZa>F"04+-"*0-"*5m#)Kj.!3F?)@"Y51$ <"+4"H 9"=:; j56"H?+4"H"*)9GJIK3!"H+4"9;C:#+4" ?0-3!"+-"%$7)]*(&X>!$'?b!$'0/Zj$'60-"+4O#c
>F"Zq:?U5 \=3E$ W3 \y" *!:#0X56"04"H+4&`$'!"m0-3!"(+W*!?" 9bE+W0-"cLZG !:?+[0-3!" ]I=[f r s)/"HF)/:#+m0-3!"
&X>!$'?b!$'0/Z[$'60-"+4O#*cp$v)=P - m;C""H0G

X[Z \|V d _ 7b ]V_ d

_ =b dj j

!#"{$'&(#"`$v)u +-+WZt:*;Y1b!&X>"H+W)Y\=3!$ W3t!"H"*5t04:.!+-: 9"*)4)@"*5F5*Fc'Z"N5pG q$' 9"X+W*!?"

+4"H.!+4"*)@"10W)m0-3!"t51$v)/08 A":*;[:?)> p@" 90m;C+4:#& 043!"l:?)> p@" 9.0 043!"l:?)> p@" A0()/b!+@;o 9" W3F+8 90-"+4$7)/04$ ) *
@
56$'+4" 90-cLZ[>F"[51"+4$'Oq"*5¡;C+4:#&043E"+8!#"a$'&(#"qG
fT&`.F:?+40810`)@b!+/;o 9" W3F*+W A04"+-$v)/0-$ ) H>F"l56"H+4$LOq"N5>6Z 9:#&`.!b!0-$L!0-3!")@b!+/;o 9" 9b!+-O#04bE+4"qG
IK3!"[ebF)-)/$7 Ab!+4O#0-b!+4n" !*F5{&`"N 9bE+4O#0-b!+4" +-"a0@\K:uOq"+4ZX.F:?.!b!c7+e)/b!+@;o 9"j.!+-:?.F"+-04$L"N)
\=3!$ ^3(3FOq"Y>F""(bF)@"*5{$'^ rJ:?&_.!b!04"H+ Y$v)@$L:? GiIK3!"*)@" 9bE+4O#0-b!+4"*)=*+4"j?$'Oq"(>6Z<
:
: S4 y yy V y

S- y V S-S4 y y V y V"! A
K
\=3!"+-" S$# % Vi$7)K043!"j+8!#"a$L&M?"n +-".!+4"N)/"10W)J043!"u56"+-$LO#0-$LOq"Y:*; \=$L0-3(+4"*)@." 90=04:'&nG

IK3!"u)/b!+@;o 9"j0@Z1."N)]bF)@$L![0-3!"u)/$L#F)K:;g&`"**`*F5 e*bF)4)@$v 9b!+-O?*04b!+- " *{>F"u56"0-"+4&_$L!"*5a$'
043E"0-3!"Y;C:?c'cL:*\=$L![\QZp
(*) S - P R + S - i.F"*
T 6

H!
Ridge Valley
Flat Minimal
Peak Pit
B$L#b!+4"+G 1 qbE+/;o A"0@Z1.F"*)9G

Saddle Ridge Saddle Valley

(*) S - P R + 8 - i.!$'0 T
*( ) - P R + S - i+4$756?" T
*( ) - P R + - o<*0 T
*( ) - P R + 8 - iO#c'cL"Z T
*( ) 8 - P R + S - J)4#5!56c'"a+4$756?"
T
*( ) 8 - P R + - i&`$'!$L&(*cT
*( ) 8 - P R + 8 - J)4#5!56c'"aO#c'cL"Z
T
y+4$':?bF)=0@Z6.F"*)=*+4"u)/3E:\=w$L B$'?b!+-"+qG 6G
X @hVmb
jQl ~ _lVmb f _amb

IK3!"+-"u+4"u)@"Oq"+W*c 1$LF5E)K:;J"*51?"*)K$'{0-3!"j+W*!?"u$L&(*?"qG

( *F5|*6Z`$'&`&` "H56+-"$v*.!04+-"="*)/!""H1$L?30J156>F$7) :?9+-:#$L!6X.0-$L1!b!$Lk1$L0@"Zuc<$v$L_)=56>F":*.!Oq0-"u3nGi)/:#f;n&`0-"Y3!"e043E56+4""*.!)@3!0-3`:?c7565{$<043E"+4""( $L90K"=$7>F)=" 0@\Kp@bE"&`"_.`Y"*.!56$L#"k1q"G c

( )@b!!+/;o# "
9"[!$:?+-%&(&cg')0(*M'+%.E,-$Lk1."%c2 +-F"5.!+404"N3E)/""X1)/0=b!56+@;o$7) 99:#"[6!0-$L:#1+4b!&($L0@*ZXci$L*(0Y:?04+-3E$L"["1$L0W&`*&`04$':?"Hn56GJ$7f04;g"e04!3!""u$L#36E>F?c:#L"u+4$L>FE"`.0@\K!$L"k1"" c
$7)[>F:*Oq")/:#&`"(043!+-"*)/3E:?cv5t0-3!"$'0[$v)X +-:q:;j"N56?"qG IK3!"+4"w*+4"|0@\y: 6$'F5!)[:;j+-:q:;j"*51?"*)A
FU5 GeIK3!" 9:?1Oq"k`"N56?"*)e+4"a;C:#+4&`"N5M\=3E"043!"X*!?c'"

>F(*"0@\K/102"H"4|360-5+3!7%"X8:)/b!9!+@; ;o 9"X!:#(*+4&(/$*<4cv)=,=0>$v)Y?*5@>7=:*ABOq9C"w; . D - 51"?+-""*&) F5043!" A:? Oq"["*51?"*)Y*+4"a;C:#+4&`"*5

\=3!"H{0-3!"u!#"c2>"H0/\y""()@b!+/;o 9"j!:?+-&(c7)K$v)K>F"c':\. D - 51"?+-""*)9G
P - $

( )@
&b!<4+/;o< 9$"XST 56/" .E043w56$v) 9 :?1S 04$'6bEV8$LGY0@ZIKV8G3!"N)/"[*+4" 9:#6Oq"Hk`"*56#"*)Q;C:#+Y\=3!$ ^3w043!"+-"a$7)¢:#!cLZ(:?E"[O6$7)/$L>EcL"
(56$' +4" A 04$L:# ' 60-3F 0=5 "N 56 ?"j; G$v) 6*3!cL"cL"NX5`043!a"ecL$')/&mbE+/>X;o "*A56"Y#"q!G :?+-&(cE:;2"*56#"%$7)].F"+-."HF56$ Ab!cv*+]0-:a0-3!"%O1$L"H\=$L!

=+-F+85
FG I 2U5 IK3E:?&`.F)@:? B6 G YG %$7)/.F*+4$L0@ZsF*cLZE)/$7):;e$L&M?"N)9GwI," W3!!$ c =".F:?+-0
4 rJ:#&`.!b!0-"+ 9$'" 9" %".F*+404&_"60 %!$'Oq"+W)@$L0@Zm:*; |$L!!"N)/:?08`0 |$'!"*.F:#cL$v)
q*6bU+4Z
V"U# # @
1G
U
!G KG ry*!1ZqG O#+-$v0-$L:#FcJ*.!.!+-:q W304:X"*56#"X56"0-" 904$':?nGQfh!"$#%#'&)(+*-,.0/21

34#576-89(+)*:6-;
< )*=/#%#*:"$#)*?>@%8A( BC"(+6-;
D*E8F#%;G;H(I,E#*4"$#% n.F*?"*) = DJ b!#bF)/0#K oJ
i D?P6G
6"

6" P MLyE6)Z 4!4G yNG B$LF51$L!["*51?"*)=*F5{c'$L!"*)J$L($L&M?"N)9G #)/0-"+ )K043!"*)@$v) f/I < D?P6G
3
jG tG<xY+8cL$ <G $L?$'0W*ci)@04"."*51?"*)¢;C+-:?& "+4: A+4:q)-)/$'!q)Y:;Q)@" 9:?U556$L+-" 904$':?F*ci51"+4$'O?*04$'Oq"qG

>POQDSR!T
6S-V8 = D
DE q*6bF*+4Zl DEG
"U@
.
jGYxY*+404c'"ZqG q*bF)4)@$vU \y"$L#360-"*5&mb!c'04$'+4"*)@:?cLbE04$L:#"*51?"56"H04" 90-:?+HG < )VXWYZ8F#\[](_^(+)*Z`

a !6$W:3U(+"=^b6)*:&cDVM6,J#d'"$#!^%^(+*-,- E-P e6 e D?JP i D 1G
6"U@
.
6"
[uGFx%"**cL"Z_F5wIYG uG K$L1;C:?+W5<G p: *ci)@3F.F";C+-:?& )/.F" Ab!cv*+4$L0@ZqG < [ a D!f 66
# DE
g =D D6G
3# X
aGnx""?"H+F5 G ?".F)@:?nG b!>F)/.U 9"[&`"H043!:15!)K;C:?+e+4" 9:*Oq"+-$L![+-$L#$v5{&_:?04$':?($T c'?:#+4$L0-3!&

U5{$L&_.!cL"&X"10W*04$L:#nG D=*E80#=$*:6-89(+)*:6-;]g:)YJ*:6-;0/ < )VXWY)80#h[](_^(+)*E qi F? ) i -#6G
."
.
D ux%$'cv56+-"043 j=HG L:G %"0-" 90-$L:?j:*;p$'60-"F)@$L0@Z W3F*!?"*)2>6Z 9:#&`.!b!0-"+n*F5a>!$L:#cL:#?$ Hc1O6$7)/$L:#[)@Z!)@04"&()AG

< )VXWY)80#k(_^(+)*Z` a '6$W:3U(+"=^6)*:&lD=VM6,E#!"$#!^%^(+*-, 6.F*?"*)j ) g =D#P6G
6"

ux%:#+4 YGp*F5 W36bE

YP G %"H04"+-&`$L!$'!a:#.!04$ c mF:*\jG >@=89( Bf"(+6-;]D*E8F#%;n;o(I,E#*:"$#% yL. D - e?JP
D6#G
6" # 3# X
e ptG xuG6xb!" %qq"cTG {:#.F"+W*04:?+\=3!$ ^3`c': 0-"*)K"*56#"*)K$Lw56$'?$'04$ H"*5¡.E$ 90-b!+4"*)ArG gU)YE*:6-;s0/> < O
. D1L#P U"J ] ?G
6"
X
# uAf qq"b W3!A$ Nt[GJ*F5x%:#+4 uYwG v%bE&`"+4$ cy)@3F.F"|;C+4:#& )/3F#56$L!sU5: 9cLbU56$L!l>F:?b!U5!+-$L"*)AG
>@%8A( Bf"(+6-;
D*E8F#%;n;o(I,E#*4"$#% J D6?G
V"
x HK y p:*\K)" J aG u
G X#=!"$#AW489YE6-;]zd{,)6)*:(_|6-89(+)*.6)*:&[](_^YE6-;J}#'"%%,)*:(n89(+)*64G uK:q)@04:#nN tYcLb1\K"+ #56"&`$
~ib!>!c'$v)/3E"+W) n =D 6G
x HKP y aG p+4+u*F 5 j=Gix%$'cv56+-"043 GmIK3E":?+-Z:*;"*56?"_56"0-" 90-$L:? G`fT 'K"}]"KC)*:&EH nOq:?c'b!&`"
uro- e .U?"N) D $ 6 ) J D-e6G
x A- yp+-+ 4 a G [](_^(+)*6NG !+4""&M :1* !+W* 9$v) 9:: 4L n D?1G
x K yp+-+ eNO1$v5wF5 ~B:#?#$L:: 2IYG 9:?&`.Eb!0W*04$L:#Fc2043E":?+-Z|:;y31b!&(*{O1$v)@$L:#nGjfT }P)6-;
"K
])*U&))*E !Oq:?c'b!&`@ " u p 1G P1
P#

x K
y G~2"60-cv*F5pGcq3U.F"m$'6;C:?+-&(0-$L:#{;C+4:#&r)/3F#56$LE!uM0-3!":#+4Z*>F:?b!0u36b!&M.F"+ A".!04$':?nGufT
#'"%)*:&cD=*E80#=$*:6-89(+)*:6-; < )*=/#%#*:"$#)* < )VXWY)80#h[](_^(+)*E !.F*?"*)=)e*KqEPJ ]=D D6G

x y G4~2G4~B"104cv*F5pGNB$'F56$'![043!"j$'cLcLbE&`$LF*60y56$'+4" A04$L:#nGdg4NzW489(+"%6-;
"( #%89.0/7>@Vc#$(+"%6- 1.F#"*)
? D J J=D#6G

x DKy GJ~BGU~B"104c7F5pG p: c2)@3F?56$'![*Fc'Z!)@$v)AG D

1U!6)*)^6)"$8A(+)*)^7)*c
>POQDS
1L e U.D B=D*!G
x Ky~i+4"\=$'040 d!GIptG > @" A0["!3F* 9"&`"H60dF5"k104+8 90-$L:#nGfT (+"$89YE%#.!"$#!^%^(+*-, 6)*:&C^R
"=3U$W(+"$89)(+"=ÂG #56"&`$ K.!+4"N)4)fh - p e1G

x eKy !F*043F* 4vaG*U5 q3U3 JptG O6c7)/$E+ ^3!$'04" A04b!+-";C:#+ 9:#&`.!b!0-$L!e) *cL")@.F 9"G < )VXWY)80#
[](_^(+)*Z` a '6$W:3U(+"=^%` 6)*:&cDVM6,E#!"$#!^%^(+*,- 6P6L + D1- e*: J D=D1G

x 1$ y G =:q)@"6;C"c75m*F. 5 ptGqIK31b!+8)/04:#nG jJ56#"jF5 9b!+-Oq"56"0-" 904$':?a;C:#+KO1$v)/bUcF) 9"!"qG D 1U!6)*)^

)* < )VXWY)80#!^
LNo- e6S V8
# -
J J ?G

x #K yM W36bE =q uYG1fT&(#" mU:\ )@"?&`"H60804$':?uU5a"*)/0-$L&(*04$L:#Y>1Z A:?F)@04+W*$L10Bc'$L!" 9c'bF)/0-"+4$'!!G:D

1U!6)*Z^6)"$89(+)*Z^)*?6-8 8F#*?>@*:6-;H^(_^6)*:&cO6)"=3U(+*4#D*E8F#%;n;o(I,E#*:"#% J?#S4 eqVW' e6 e U e? J =D6G
!
x #KP yuIY:G q04+80HG ¢" 9:*Oq"+4$'!Y043E" *&`"+8%.F+8&`"H04"+8),;C+4:#&04+8F)T;C:?+-&(0-$L:?X&(*04+4$'kpGFfTh }#'6)&)(+*-,^

(+* < )VXWY)80#h[](_^(+)*64G p|:?+-q* t*b6;C&(*! p =D qG
" # $
x *- yuI=)4*A$ ~ F4 n*F 5 q3U3 ]ptGiG ;o?)@0jcL$LE"*+j)@3F.F"m;C:#+4&r)@3F?56$'!!GXfT D < )*=/#%#*:"$#)*

< )VXWY)80# [(_^(+)* 6)*:&c6-8 8F#*?}#'"%%,)*:(n89(+)*E 6.U?"N) NPK *PE
]?b!!)" n -#6G

x K y $L'0 q6$' G *cL" o)/.U 9" Fc'04"+-$L!EG%fT !"$#%#'&)(+*-,K^ (I,K3J8+3hD*E8F#*:6-8A(+)*U6-;g:)(+*J8 < )*=/#%#*:"$#
)* >@%89( Bf"(+6-;CD=*E8F#%;n;H(I,J#*:"#% K.F*?"*)( e1 U e#6- Ptj+-cv)@+4b!3!" G "+4&M1ZpuFf jCjNj LJ:?&`.!bE04"+
&% $' &
q: 9$'"0@)Z p =D#P6G

(%

x K
y j4G !G :q:1563U&f
% G p|b!cL0-$L.!c'"%c'$L#360)@:?b!+ 9"j:?.!0-$ *
c mF:*\jrG D D <d< [ 1.F#"*)¢ E
g -e6G
)

Book PDF

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Book PDF

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats



   ! "

m0  0   "

  "!"#$%&'

*.jVhYV 2*.-%+75C +,-%*W@B*.V/Ii0G*.Va@B(jL%DKV @ +.-\1(/

24--\+A/5&(@B*,V Cv@ (/ *,V8@B(L\DKV8-BZ+.-%*W@B*,5K-%( $_|-\(CE5/V+@ *,+.5F@ (L%D&V5K(u5&L%1+,VM#%$K#\$@1P-C}VcC}5F/V7]@V C

5~,# u 2-C 3.#\$K#e< >

H1i3CE*.5&*.1*,5K(L 3+ACE*r* -cV 1@ *.5K-\(C5K(0*.-c*,V7DF@\CE*r* `-cV 1@B*,5K-%(31C -'V7L\V* s #

 24-zC "GC}5K( y y 

y y # y  $>V5&(YV+WCEV +.-\*A@B*,5K-\(ci P5FCfV J15&Y\@BDKVe(*¢*.-r*.V`+.-%*W@B*,5K-%(8i$ " r@B+.-\1(/

@B(3/  @B0V C7@B+,Vm2A@B(jL%V /f$a>VM(V Q2--%+A/05K(@ *.V C *:t - ) t -?@ (/(t?2@ (

(-\*:2A@ (L%V?-¢5K*r+.V]@ 5K(Cr @%C3 y 7Ay 7#m>W$:>Vc+,-%*W@B*.5&-%(]@B*,+.5&d2e@B(G(- iV Z-\+.]mV /mi0dX1j*.*.5&(Lm*,V

*.jVm+.-\*A@B*,5K-\( ]@B*.+,5K@ +.-%1j(/

 CE5K]aXDK5 V /d]m-0/VeDn-BZr5&]@BL\V Z-\+.]@ *.5K-\(5C:C}- P(

u 5&L%1+,Vc#%$=< s`Un5K(-\DKV82@ ]mV+A@7]m-0/VD $$3 @ >Pqr+.5&L%5K(@ *v*,V7DKV(C$$3i >vqr+,5KL%5&(@B*P*.jV95&]@BL\VXD@B(V$

3 5f7 9;7 0<x7 />W$7')(G*.5C*,+A@B(3C[Z-%+,]@B*,5K-\(GV @%2Af 587:971<24--%+W/5K(3@B*.VM5FCP]M1DK*,5KXD&5KVe/hi@24-\(CE*W@B(0*

M- @B(3/ 5FC7@BXjXVe(/V /@%C7*.V:Z-\1+.*,

L%Ve(V-%13C*.+W@B(C)Z-%+,] 24-%(0YV+,*AC*,V-\]m-%L\V(V-\1Cn5K]@ L%V24--%+W/5K(@ *.V rC 3 7 &7 h7 =>n5K(0*.-7*,V

_`@B+,*.V C}5F@ (d5K]@BL%V824--\+A/5&(@B*,V zC 3 7 7 >D-i0/5&Y5/5K(LcV@%2Ad-BZ *.V8*.+,VV824-%]mX-\(V(0*AC P5K*,

]m-\L%V(Ve-%1C5&]@BL\V724--%+W/5K(3@B*.VC5CP/V (V/ @\1C s

> VMXV+AC}XV24*.5&YVc*.+A@ (C[Z-\+.] +.VD@B*,V C*.V-\+.DF/24--\+A/5&(@B*,V C P5&*.*.VM5K]@ L%VM24--\+A/5&(@B*,V C PjV(

z>W$')(*.j5FCr2@%C}?V -*.V `-%+.D/ -\]m-%L\V(V-\1Cr24--%+W/5K(@ *.V *C 3 m> @B+,V:+.VeDF@B*,V /m*.-M*.V82@ ]mV+W@95K]@BL%V

24--\+A/5&(@B*,V dC 3 m> @%CZ-%D&DK- r1C s

 y 2-C C}5K( y  y # y "9 - }u y # y "

)' (*.V7X+,VY5&-%1CPC}V 24*,5K-%()V8/5FC,241C,CEV /m*.jV:2e@B]mV+W@9]m-0/0VD2- P52+.VeDF@B*,V C*,V-\+.DF/24--\+A/5&(@B*,V C

u   z-z/V(-\*.Vr*.Vr2@ ]mV+W@]@ *.+,5K¢$?>Vr@B5&] 5&(c*.Vr2@ ]mV+W@v2@ DK5&i+A@ *.5K-\(c5FC*,-7/V*,V+.

]m5&(V*.jV9]@B*.+,5K 1C}5K(LM*.jV 0(-P(GN ) X-\5K(0*ACr@B(/*.V5&+r24-%+,+.V C}X-%(/5&(Lm5&]@BL\V:2--%+A/05K(@ *.V C$

>V]@B*,+.5K 5C S -S0- P52@\C #egI1((-P(C$ v-VeYV+ - M5FC:(-\*h]aV @B(5&(LBZ1jD5K(*,V

iVm/0V*.V+,]m5K(jV /mi 1- - $c>Ve+.V4Z-\+.V?- `VM/-(-%*7(VeV /d*.-/V*,V+.]a5K(V7*.jVc*.5&+A/d+.- -BZ

/V*,V+.]a5K(Vr*.V7+,V]@B5&(5K(jLh#\#91j'( (j- P(3C4$

Cu 3.#\$N\N >  "

b8b - bC  / - b   B - b rb !  #    / #    BD#   

b! # >f v GF &

L%5&YV Cn* -cC}12AhV1@ *.5K-\(C P5&*.#<:1((-P(C$ dC}12aX-\5K(0*AC P5KDKDjL%5KYV< V1@B*,5K-%(3C1- Pj5F2Am2@ (

 #  H b  r!b  f>v &j &

2@ ( iV8+.V P+,5K*.*,V(@\1C s 

'[(*,V@Bi- YVCEjCE*,V]"-n*.jVm]@B*,+.5& @ (/ YV24*.-\+ @ +.V 0(-P(?$(V2@B( /V*,V+.]a5K(Vc*,V#%#

*.jV5K+824-\+.+.VCEX-%(/05K(L5K]@ L%VM24--\+A/5&(@B*,V Cc@B+,V0(-P(?$bd1D&*.5KXjDK05K(Lm*,Va@Bi- YVhV1@ *.5K-\(

-%(i-%*. CE5/V CP@B(3/ +.V@B+.+W@B(L\5K(LV7L\V*s

u 3.#\$ Sz^ > !  !

 *#x ,$%m8i

i ! u& $ (1V P5&DKDnL\V*8@m(V NB  X-%5&('*  -P5F2ACE-\1DF/GDK5&V:-\(

P52L%5&YV C*,VZ-%D&DK-P5K(LM2-%(C}*.+A@ 5K(0*P-%(*.V82@ ]mV+A@7-%+,5KV(0*A@ *.5K-\(.s

>Vm-\+.5KVe(*W@B*.5&-%(5K(*.V+,]Cv- Z24DK-0.2  P5CEVc+,-%*A@ *.5&-%.( - -n@ +.-\1(/

')*5C|@BDFC}-:X-C,CE5&iDKVr*.- 24-%]mXj1*.V`*.VPZ-02@BD¢DKV(jL%*. - C,2@BD&5K(L8@ (/h-%*,V+`2@ ]mV+A@rX@B+W@B]mV*,V+AC?Z+.-%]

C,CE1]mVc*,@B1 * `V  @B(0*:*,-G+.-%*W@B*,VmYV 24*,-%+ @ +.-\1(/

u3 .> wv3 " 3 .> .>    3.#\$;\; >

24-C 3." 3 # B> B>twCE5&( 3 -3 "v3 # B> .>R> #

u5&L%1+,Vd#\$ S/s7rV*.V+,]m5K(j5K(LM*.VMDK-02e@B*.5&-%(-BZ2@B]mVe+A@$8>VM5K]@ L%Vc- ZrNB QX-\5K(0*AC*5

Z-%+,]mV /m@ * #k-f@ (/ 5&]@BL\V-BZX-%5K(0*ACx5G<M@B(3/ 5G<0#:5FCZ-\+.]mV/m@B* <$`>V75K(0*.V+WCEV 24*,5K-\(m-BZ`@cDK5&(V

OBJECT IMAGE LENS

u5&L%1+,V#%$; s7vV*,V+.]m5&(5K(jLc*.Vc-\+.5KVe(*W@B*.5&-%(-BZr2e@B]mV+W@$Cr*.Vc-\i'}V 24*r]m- YV Cv2DK-C}V+r*.-*.VcD&V(C

 !8`d ,$"%&'"b

 J13@B*.Ve+.(5&-%(d5CP@ X3@B5K+ zu 3 ?7 ,>:-'PjV+.V 95Cv@MC.2e@BDF@ +r@B(/d5CP24-%]a]m-%(D&M2@BD&DKV /M+.V @ D?X@B+,*v- Z -

@B(0mS\)YV 24*.-\+AC$ v-VYV+&- ]h1D&*.5&XDK5&2@ *.5K-\(h- Zn* `-J1@ *.V+,(5K-\(CP5FCL%5&YV(mi0 s

3 ?7 ,> r3 7 >u}3 " 7 - w w ,>:7

u 3 7 " ,>:7   3.#\$g\; >

CE5&]m5KD@B+,DKc*.jV:+.V@BD X@B+,*-BZ|*,V:+,V CE1jDK*A@ (* 1@B*,V+.(5&-%(G-\(d*.jV:+.5&L%0*v5CvC}V*r*.-mVe+.-M*.-M]@B*W2 P5K*,

du3 24-=C 3 < >D7ACE5&.( 3 < > B>

PV+,V du3 7 &7

 'b b.;% `*;%&'

')(X-zCEVV CE*,5K]@ *.5&-%(.?- *.jVhX+,-%iD&V]o5FC7*.- /V*.Ve+.]m5&(V:*,Vh-\+.5&V(*W@B*,5K-%( @B(/X-zCE5K*,5K-\(

5K]@BL%V75CvX+.-0/0124V /d1C}5K(LaXVe+ACEXV 2*.5KYV8*.+W@B(C)Z-%+.]@B*.5&-%(1CE5&(LmDKVe(Cv2V(*,V+.V/d24--\+A/5&(@B*,VMCEjCE*.Ve"] -

! "

m0 0 "

"!"#$%&'

.jVhYV 2.-%+75C +,-%W@B.V/Ii0G*.Va@B(jL%DKV @ +.-\1(/

24--\+A/5&(@B,V Cv@ (/ ,V8@B(L\DKV8-BZ+.-%W@B,5K-%( $_|-\(CE5/V+@ *,+.5F@ (L%D&V5K(u5&L%1+,VM#%$K#\$@1P-C}VcC}5F/V7]@V C

5~,# u 2-C 3.#\$K#e< >

H1i3CE.5&.1,5K(L 3+ACEr* -cV 1@ .5K-\(C5K(0.-c,V7DF@\CEr* `-cV 1@B,5K-%(31C -'V7L\V s #

24-zC "GC}5K( y y

y y # y $>V5&(YV+WCEV+.-\A@B,5K-\(ci P5FCfV J15&Y\@BDKVe(¢.-r.V`+.-%W@B*,5K-%(8i$ " r@B+.-\1(/

@B(3/ @B0V C7@B+,Vm2A@B(jL%V /f$a>VM(V Q2--%+A/05K(@ .V C :t - ) t -?@ (/(t?2@ (

(-\:2A@ (L%V?-¢5Kr+.V]@ 5K(Cr @%C3 y 7Ay 7#m>W$:>Vc+,-%W@B.5&-%(]@B,+.5&d2e@B(G(- iV Z-\+.]mV /mi0dX1j..5&(Lm,V

.jVm+.-\A@B,5K-\( ]@B.+,5K@ +.-%1j(/

CE5K]aXDK5 V /d]m-0/VeDn-BZr5&]@BL\V Z-\+.]@ *.5K-\(5C:C}- P(

u 5&L%1+,Vc#%$=< s`Un5K(-\DKV82@ ]mV+A@7]m-0/VD $$3 @ >Pqr+.5&L%5K(@ v,V7DKV(C$$3i >vqr+,5KL%5&(@BP.jV95&]@BL\VXD@B(V$

3 5f7 9;7 0<x7 />W$7')(G.5C,+A@B(3C[Z-%+,]@B,5K-\(GV @%2Af 587:971<24--%+W/5K(3@B.VM5FCP]M1DK,5KXD&5KVe/hi@24-\(CEW@B(0*

M-@B(3/ 5FC7@BXjXVe(/V /@%C7.V:Z-\1+.,

L%Ve(V-%13C.+W@B(C)Z-%+,] 24-%(0YV+,AC,V-\]m-%L\V(V-\1Cn5K]@ L%V24--%+W/5K(@ .V rC 3 7 &7 h7 =>n5K(0.-7,V

_`@B+,.V C}5F@ (d5K]@BL%V824--\+A/5&(@B,V zC 3 7 7 >D-i0/5&Y5/5K(LcV@%2Ad-BZ .V8.+,VV824-%]mX-\(V(0AC P5K,

]m-\L%V(Ve-%1C5&]@BL\V724--%+W/5K(3@B*.VC5CP/V (V/ @\1C s

> VMXV+AC}XV24.5&YVc.+A@ (C[Z-\+.] +.VD@B,V C.V-\+.DF/24--\+A/5&(@B,V C P5&..VM5K]@ L%VM24--\+A/5&(@B,V C PjV(

z>W$')(.j5FCr2@%C}?V -.V `-%+.D/ -\]m-%L\V(V-\1Cr24--%+W/5K(@ .V C 3 m> @B+,V:+.VeDF@B,V /m.-M*.V82@ ]mV+W@95K]@BL%V

24--\+A/5&(@B*,V dC 3 m> @%CZ-%D&DK- r1C s

y 2-C C}5K( y y # y "9 - }u y # y "

)' (.V7X+,VY5&-%1CPC}V 24,5K-%()V8/5FC,241C,CEV /m.jV:2e@B]mV+W@9]m-0/0VD2- P52+.VeDF@B,V C,V-\+.DF/24--\+A/5&(@B,V C

u z-z/V(-\.Vr.Vr2@ ]mV+W@]@ .+,5K¢$?>Vr@B5&] 5&(c.Vr2@ ]mV+W@v2@ DK5&i+A@ .5K-\(c5FC,-7/V*,V+.

]m5&(V.jV9]@B.+,5K 1C}5K(LM.jV 0(-P(GN ) X-\5K(0ACr@B(/.V5&+r24-%+,+.V C}X-%(/5&(Lm5&]@BL\V:2--%+A/05K(@ .V C$

>V]@B,+.5K 5C S -S0- P52@\C #egI1((-P(C$ v-VeYV+ - M5FC:(-\h]aV @B(5&(LBZ1jD5K(*,V

iVm/0V.V+,]m5K(jV /mi 1- - $c>Ve+.V4Z-\+.V?- `VM/-(-%7(VeV /d.-/V,V+.]a5K(V7.jVc.5&+A/d+.- -BZ

/V,V+.]a5K(Vr.V7+,V]@B5&(5K(jLh#\#91j'( (j- P(3C4$

Cu 3.#\$N\N > "

b8b - bC / - b B - b rb ! # / # BD#

b! # >f v GF &

L%5&YV Cn* -cC}12AhV1@ .5K-\(C P5&.#<:1((-P(C$ dC}12aX-\5K(0AC P5KDKDjL%5KYV< V1@B,5K-%(3C1- Pj5F2Am2@ (

# H b r!b f>v &j &

2@ ( iV8+.V P+,5K.,V(@\1C s

'[(,V@Bi- YVCEjCE,V]"-n.jVm]@B,+.5& @ (/ YV24.-\+ @ +.V 0(-P(?$(V2@B( /V,V+.]a5K(Vc*,V#%#

.jV5K+824-\+.+.VCEX-%(/05K(L5K]@ L%VM24--\+A/5&(@B,V Cc@B+,V0(-P(?$bd1D&.5KXjDK05K(Lm,Va@Bi- YVhV1@ *.5K-\(

-%(i-%. CE5/V CP@B(3/ +.V@B+.+W@B(L\5K(LV7L\Vs

u 3.#\$ Sz^ > ! !

*#x ,$%m8i

i ! u& $ (1V P5&DKDnL\V8@m(V NB X-%5&(' -P5F2ACE-\1DF/GDK5&V:-\(

P52L%5&YV C,VZ-%D&DK-P5K(LM2-%(C}.+A@ 5K(0P-%(.V82@ ]mV+A@7-%+,5KV(0A@ .5K-\(.s

>Vm-\+.5KVe(W@B.5&-%(5K(.V+,]Cv- Z24DK-0.2 P5CEVc+,-%A@ *.5&-%.( - -n@ +.-\1(/

')5C|@BDFC}-:X-C,CE5&iDKVr.- 24-%]mXj1.V`.VPZ-02@BD¢DKV(jL%. - C,2@BD&5K(L8@ (/h-%,V+`2@ ]mV+A@rX@B+W@B]mV*,V+AC?Z+.-%]

C,CE1]mVc,@B1 `V @B(0:,-G+.-%W@B,VmYV 24*,-%+ @ +.-\1(/

u3 .> wv3 " 3 .> .> 3.#\$;\; >

24-C 3." 3 # B> B>twCE5&( 3 -3 "v3 # B> .>R> #

u5&L%1+,Vd#\$ S/s7rV.V+,]m5K(j5K(LM.VMDK-02e@B.5&-%(-BZ2@B]mVe+A@$8>VM5K]@ L%Vc- ZrNB QX-\5K(0AC*5

Z-%+,]mV /m@ * #k-f@ (/ 5&]@BL\V-BZX-%5K(0ACx5G<M@B(3/ 5G<0#:5FCZ-\+.]mV/m@B <$`>V75K(0.V+WCEV 24,5K-\(m-BZ`@cDK5&(V

u5&L%1+,V#%$; s7vV,V+.]m5&(5K(jLc.Vc-\+.5KVe(W@B.5&-%(-BZr2e@B]mV+W@$Cr.Vc-\i'}V 24r]m- YV Cv2DK-C}V+r.-.VcD&V(C

!8`d ,$"%&'"b

J13@B.Ve+.(5&-%(d5CP@ X3@B5K+ zu 3 ?7 ,>:-'PjV+.V 95Cv@MC.2e@BDF@ +r@B(/d5CP24-%]a]m-%(D&M2@BD&DKV /M+.V @ D?X@B+,v- Z -

@B(0mS\)YV 24.-\+AC$ v-VYV+&- ]h1D&.5&XDK5&2@ .5K-\(h- Zn `-J1@ *.V+,(5K-\(CP5FCL%5&YV(mi0 s

3 ?7 ,> r3 7 >u}3 " 7 - w w ,>:7

u 3 7 " ,>:7 3.#\$g\; >

CE5&]m5KD@B+,DKc.jV:+.V@BDX@B+,-BZ|,V:+,V CE1jDKA@ (* 1@B,V+.(5&-%(G-\(d.jV:+.5&L%0v5CvC}Vr.-mVe+.-M.-M]@BW2 P5K,

du3 24-=C 3 < >D7ACE5&.( 3 < > B>

PV+,V du3 7 &7

'b b.;% `*;%&'

')(X-zCEVV CE,5K]@ .5&-%(.?- .jVhX+,-%iD&V]o5FC7.- /V.Ve+.]m5&(V:,Vh-\+.5&V(W@B,5K-%( @B(/X-zCE5K*,5K-\(

5K]@BL%V75CvX+.-0/0124V /d1C}5K(LaXVe+ACEXV 2.5KYV8.+W@B(C)Z-%+.]@B.5&-%(1CE5&(LmDKVe(Cv2V(,V+.V/d24--\+A/5&(@B,VMCEjCE.Ve"] -

@B(3/W@ 05K(L8X-CE5&.5&YVvY\@BD&1Vr-BZ $|>V5&]@BL\Vr24--%+W/5K(3@B.VCP@Z.Ve+XV+AC}XV 24.5&YVvXj+./- }V 2.5K-\(m@ +.VL\5KYV(

.+W@B(C}DF@ .5K-\(d5&X( < /5&+.V 2.5K-\(?$nr- -,V75K]@ L%V72--%+A/05K(@ .V Cr@B+,V9L\5KYV(ait s

32@ 7:C >u3 < Mw 5 w 7 <ytw 9 w >+u3 p5gw 7 t9;w >D7

PV+, V Fu b $

@BXjX+.- 05K]@ .5K-\( >|2e@B(diV P+.5&.*,V(@%1C s

-,V7(V 24--%+W/5K(3@B.VdC 3j5f7:971<,> @B+,V7L%5KYVe( i0t s

5 u 5 24-zC w <CE5&( 7 3.#\$ R< >

< u "F5 C}5K( w < 24-C 3.#\$ ReS >

5 u "r5 C}5K( w < CE5K( u <g7

u y 7 3.#\$ Rg >

Z-%+ C 5&]@BL\V724--\+A/5&(@B,V CCE5&]m5KD@B+|.-MV 1@B*,5K-\(

.Ve+.]C$nv- -.jV9Xj+.-%ijDKV]5C,-M24-%]aX1.V -'P522@ (iV /-%(jV:1C}5K(LM.V7D&V @%C}rC 1@B+,V C 3r@%C

" @zw # Cau{n/7 3.#\$s\y >

Z+.-\] *.jV D&5K(Va5FCcCE5&]mXD& n " n $

V8@ DK+.V@%/ 0(- 7$

u 5&L%1+,Vh#\$ R sP>V7X@B+,.5@BD/V+.5&Y\@B.5&YV C- Zn5&]@BL\V824--%+W/5K(@ .V CP5K,+.V C}XV24v,-cV @%2Ad- Zn*,Vc2e@B]mV+W@

%# $HW@B+, P5K,@B(~5K(5&.5F@ D|V CE,5K]@ .Vc-BZC}5KGX@ +A@ ]mV*.Ve+AC1-3 7 7 7 7 >A$' Z -%1/0-

<$ vXjXDK.+W@B(C)Z-%+,]@B,5K-%( *.-

N$_|-\]mX1,V9,V7V+.+,-%+WC -@B(3/ $|' Zn,V7V+.+,-%+ACP@ +.V @%224VeXA@ iDK?V -J1j5K*$