GUIDELINES ON MANAGING

RIOTERS, TERRORISTS,
CRIMINALS AND LOOTERS AND
METHODS OF ARRESTING AND
HANDLING SUSPECTS

H.E. Yoweri Kaguta Museveni

PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF UGANDA

STATE HOUSE ENTEBBE

October, 28 2018

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To: Chief of Defence Forces

Uganda Peoples Defence Forces

Inspector General of Police

Uganda Police Force

Director General – ISO

Director General - ESO

RE: GUIDELINES ON MANAGING RIOTERS, TERRORISTS,

CRIMINALS AND LOOTERS AND METHODS OF ARRESTING
AND HANDLING SUSPECTS

I am writing to guide you and the public on the two issues of

managing rioters, terrorists, criminals and looters on the one
hand and on the issue of the proper methods of arresting
suspects and handling them, while in custody, on the other
hand.

The fundamental starting point is the NRA principle of being an

army of the people, the masses (the farmers, the factory workers,
the patriotic public servants and the Ugandans that are
struggling to get a foothold in the emerging money economy) but
also serving well the law-abiding foreigners that visit our country.
Each of these is like our father, mother, sister, brother, son,
daughter or grandchild if they are Ugandans. If they are not
Ugandans, then they are our honoured guests – amafura. These
must never be beaten, pushed or be barked at for any reason.
They should, if it is required, be advised (okuhabura) or be
restrained if they are trying to go to an area where they are not
supposed to be. How do you advise? By talking politely to them.
How do you restrain? By stretching out your arms, while your
rifle is slung at the back (not pointing a rifle at the people),
indicating to the crowd that they should not go beyond a certain
point. Restraining members of the public from accessing certain
areas can also involve barriers or ropes.

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You should never push (kutsindika) people that are
enthusiastically surging forward to show support for the NRM or
the President. You should never kuteera ebigaanja (hitting on
the chest of an approaching person with open palms) any
member of the public. Therefore, the bodyguards of public
officials should strictly observe these rules. They are part of the
NRA Code of Conduct. They are not a new composition. The law-
abiding Ugandans will respond positively and co-operate. These
are a consequence of our philosophy which says that the Africans
are one big family.

The above are for the law-abiding citizens of Uganda or our

guests. There are, however, rioters, criminals, looters, terrorists
and traitors. Here we are guided by the legitimate aims of the
security forces. What are these aims? They are five and they are:
protect the lives of Ugandans from the acts of the law-breakers;
protect the property of the Ugandans; do not allow anybody to
disrupt markets, centres of worship, legitimate political rallies,
legitimate concert gatherings, etc.; do not allow anybody to use
lies to incite the public with misinformation; and vigorously hunt
and apprehend the suspected criminals. On these, there is no
compromise. Why? It is for three reasons.

Number one – no Ugandan should lose his life or property on

account of the acts of these criminals.

Secondly, the transport of Uganda, the markets of Uganda and

any other legitimate and legal assemblies of our people should
never be interfered with by these criminals.

Thirdly, the image of Uganda as a stable country, good for

Ugandans, tourism and investments, should never be disturbed.
Firm action against trouble-makers, if manipulated by the Press
of those who seek hegemony over Africa, may worry the public
and frighten away tourism from some of the areas. This will be
compensated for by tourists from China, Russia, Arabia, etc.
Therefore, nobody should be allowed to threaten the lives of
Ugandans or their property or the image of Uganda. In the end,
the Ugandans will be very happy and so will the foreigners,
investors and, eventually, the tourists from all sources. Uganda
should not only appear to be stable. It should be stable.

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Indeed, Uganda has been stable for a long time. It will remain
stable. Therefore, nobody should be allowed to threaten life,
property or orderliness (obuteeka) in Uganda. If you are a critic,
do so truthfully and peacefully.

How, then, do you firmly and non-lethally control rioters? I think

the use of water cannons is the best way – it is strong, non-lethal
and not noisy; tear-gas, rubber bullets should be discouraged
because they are noisy and, sometimes, they can affect
unconcerned people. All the Police forces in the world have
shields and short sticks known as batons which they use to
disperse hostile crowds. I have seen the Indian Police with long
and knob-less (without eifuundo) sticks which they use to
disperse crowds. Which is better – the short stick or the long one
and why? The Police leaders can guide us here. The water
cannons, the shields, the short sticks and the long knob-less
sticks are all to deal with crowds that are assembling illegally or
are threatening to kill people or damage property. The role of the
shields is clear. It is to protect the Police from being harmed by
flying stones or other missiles (bottles, etc).

If, however, the rioters do not stop after the Police use of shields
and sticks (whether long or short) and, if the water cannons that
are very effective are not available, then, the Police can use live
bullets by first firing in the air; but, if the rioters persist, the
Police will fire directly at the rioters to protect the lives and
property of the law-abiding citizens or protect themselves from
the rioters.

Therefore, those who speak about this subject should know that
rioters, under certain conditions, can be shot legally and can also
be beaten legally and legitimately. It is, therefore, a serious
miscalculation by the opportunist and criminal leaders to
manipulate young people into such situations. Why do they not
send their sons and daughters to riot? When it comes to
suspected terrorists or murderers, running away from the
arresting team is a serious mistake. You will be shot. Why? If the
Police do not disable you or kill you, they may never get another
chance to catch you so that you answer for your crimes.

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In the meantime, the criminal may commit more crimes.
Therefore, shooting a terrorist who is running away from the
security forces trying to arrest him/her, is in order not to allow
him/her to escape from the forum where accountability is
possible (by being tried in the courts of law) and also to protect
the public against further crimes.

On the side of the security forces, I am reminding you to never do

the following:

(a) Push people who surge forward towards leaders out of

enthusiasm (kutangirira); you should restrain them (kuzibira) but
not push them;

(b) You should never bark at people (kubogolela); you should

advise them (kuhabura);

(c) On rioters, you should use water cannons if they are

available; if they are not available, you should use shields and
sticks (short and long) as the Police will guide; tear-gas and
rubber bullets are, of course, non-lethal but they are noisy;
however, they cannot be ruled out;

(d) If the rioters persist and threaten life or property, you can
use live bullets, first firing in the air and, eventually, if necessary,
firing at the rioters;

(e) Once rioters are arrested or any other criminal, he/she

should never be beaten by stick, fist or rifle butt. It is unfair,
unnecessary and gives a bad image to the country. It is not
necessary because what you want is for this criminal to pay for
his sins. How? By being tried and sentenced. You do not have to
beat him or maim him. He will be punished by being imprisoned
or even hanged, if he is sentenced. You should, therefore, not
play in the criminal’s hands by beating him/her so that he gains
public sympathy. In what capacity are you beating the criminal?
Are you the punisher? You are not. Your job is to detect,
investigate, arrest and interrogate the suspect by using the facts
of your investigations. Even if the criminal denies, the facts will
pin him down. Constitutionally, the punishers of criminals in
Uganda are the courts of law. Their punishments include long

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terms of imprisonment, fining wrong doers or even hanging them.
Therefore, security personnel do not meddle and spoil the
process. Just do your part.

(f) The arresting officers should always identify themselves so

that the public knows that they are legal operators.

That is what I told all of you in my letter against torture of the

15th May, 2017. Therefore, the security personnel should be
patient, restrained but also firm. If the criminal resists arrest,
wrestle him down and handcuff him.

If he strikes you, strike back hard with fist until he stops

attacking you. If he tries to use a knife, a gun, a club or any
dangerous missile when you are in close proximity, shoot him so
as to disable him. If he is threatening to harm wanainchi or
destroy property, shoot him after due warning. It is, therefore,
not necessary to make mistakes. You can be firm and decisive
without making mistakes. Those who support rioters, tell them,
not to endanger our people’s lives, not to endanger the lives of the
security personnel and not to endanger our people’s property.
The security person who was seen using a rifle butt may have
made a mistake. When I inquired, the concerned people told me
that the suspect had bitten him (okuruma). That is very serious
because some of the criminals have got infectious diseases. Our
officer can be infected in that way and that should be an extra
charge put on him. The appropriate response would have been to
box him hard so that he stops biting our officer. That would be
self-defence which is very legitimate. Hitting him with a rifle butt
after he has stopped biting you, however, is both vengeance and
also usurping the role of the punisher (the courts).

The involvement of the SFC, Military Police and CMI in handling

law and order issues has been caused by the kawukumi (bean
weevils) that had invaded the Police. Otherwise, they should not
have been involved and they were never involved. I commend
them because the main aims of the government were achieved: to
protect the lives of Ugandans and their property.

The image of the country was somewhat affected. That, however,

will be repaired. What is crucial is the country to be stable and

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not just to appear stable. Nevertheless, for logical and legal
reasons, the army and the other security forces can, if required,
backup the Police in Law and Order Management.

The non-Police security personnel, if they are to be involved at

all, will be sensitized about the rational procedure. All I am
saying above is simple logic of how to deal with friendly and
hostile crowds, hostile individuals threatening the lives of
Ugandans, the lives of the security personnel, the property of
Ugandans, legitimate public gatherings and the image of Uganda
as tourism and investment destinations and also the image of
Uganda as a safe place.

These measures are not only rational but most of them are
already part of the SOPs (Standard Operational Procedures) of
the Police, part of the Police Act and also part of the UN
Conventions. If they were not part of the law, we would have long
ago made them so.

Indeed, the UN Conventions provide that if the non-lethal

methods of the Police are not effective, then the following actions
should be taken as is indicated below:

UN guidelines on the use of force:

1. Fire arms can be used only when it cannot be avoided.

2. Fire arms may be used if other means are ineffective to

achieve the intended result.

3. They can be used in self-defence or in defence of others

against imminent threat of death or serious injury

4. They can be used to prevent the commission of a serious

crime involving grave threat to life.

5. Can be used to arrest a person presenting such a danger

and resisting police authority.

6. Can also be used to prevent such a person's escape.

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7. Intentional use of fire arms or lethal force may only be
made when strictly unavoidable in order to protect life.

Section 28 of the Police Act says as follows: “A firearm can be

used against a person resisting arrest or the arrest of another
person”.

Yoweri K. Museveni

PRESIDENT

Date:

Sunday, October 28, 2018