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An Old Malay Dictionary

Author(s): R. Mee
Source: Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, Vol. 7, No. 2 (107) (
September 1929), pp. 316-326
Published by: Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society
Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/41559731
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An Old Malay Dictionary.
By R. Mee.
An old and not verywell knownMalay Dictionary,but one
which is neverthelessworth notice, is that writtenby Thomas
Bowery,and printedin Londonin the year 1701.
It is worthnoticein thatit is thefirstMalay-English,English-
Malay Dictionaryproduced,and the pioneerworkby an English-
man in the Malay Language, both as regards vocabularyand
grammar;and takinginto consideration the conditionsunder,and
the date at whichit was produced,and the fact that Boweryhad
no previousbook of the kind (as he states) to guideand assist him
in compilingit, thelabourentailedmusthave been prodigious.
In his book entitled" Malaya " Dr. Winstedtstates,on page
263, in writing of the interestof StamfordRafflesin the Malay
"
language, most Europeansfail to grasp its grammaraftera life-
timeamong the people," but Bowery,althoughnot perfectin his
grammar,certainlyacquireda workingknowledgeof the language
whichis to be envied. Dr. Winstedtfurtherstates in the book
" forhis interestin the Malay
quotedthatRaffles was distinguished
language" and "mastered it fromsome antediluvian
book on a longvoyageto the East." Is it possiblethat the " ante-
diluvianbook" referred to was Thomas Bowery'sDictionary.
A descriptionof Bowery'sDictionary,and an extractor two
fromit,mayproveof interestto readersof thisJournal.
The title page reads:- A Dictionary English and Malayo,
Malayo and English. To which is added some short Grammar
Rules and Directionsfor the betterObservationsof the Propriety
and Elegancy of the Language. And also several Miscellanies,
Dialogues, and Letters,in English and Malayo for the Learners
betterunderstanding the Expressionsof the Malayo Tongue,etc.
The Book is dedicatedto the Honourablethe Diťectorsof the
EnglishEast-India Company,of whomtwenty-four are named,and
to the Honourable the Governor,Deputy Governourand .Com-
mitteesof the HonourableEast-India Company,twenty-six names
beinggiven.
In the dedicationBowerystates:- " The followingwork was
undertaken chieflyforthepromotion *oftradein the manycountries
wherethe Malayo language is spoke, whichyour honourshaving
perused in manuscript,were pleased to approve of; and to in-
"
couragethe publishingof it
A partof the Prefaceto the book readsas follows: -
"The Peninsula beyond Ganges stretchingdown to Johor,
whichis theextremesouthernpoint,and is the mostSouthernPoint
of Land in Asia, is generallycalled and knownby the name of the
JournalMalayan Branch [Vol. VII.

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An Old Malay Dictionary 317

Malayo Country,and veryprobablywithgreatreasonit retaining


to this day the Malayo Language, as the Mother Tongue, and
generalLanguage of the Country. Whereasin all the Islands of
Sumatra,Java, Borneo,Macasser, Balee, Cumbava,Sallayer,Boo-
toon,Booro, Ceram,the Mollucas, and innumerableotherIslands,
the Malayo Language is receivedand generallyused in all the
Trading Ports of those Islands, only as the Trading Language,
mostof thoseIslands havinga peculiarLanguageof theirown; Nay
on someof the greaterIslands (as particularly on Borneo) thereis
severalNations and Languages,withseveralof whichI have con-
versed. But I musttell you, that the Malayo Languagespokenin
the Islands, is somewhatdifferent fromthe true Malayo spokenin
the Malayo Country,althoughnot so much,but to be easilyunder-
stood by each other. The Malayo spokenin the Islands is called
Basadagang,that it to say, the Merchantsor Trading Language,
and is not so well esteemedas the trueMalayo.
The Inhabitantsof those Islands are supposed to proceed
originallyfromthe Malayo Country,as beingthe nearestContinent,
fromwhichthe Islands proceedin a constantprogression, innumer-
ably dispersedall over those Southernand Eastern Seas to New
Guinea,partof HollandiaNova, and fromthenceby thatwonderful
large Island of Hollandia Nova, which reaches to Forty four
Degrees,SouthLatitude,not farto the Eastwardof whichSouthern
Point is otherLand, whichprobablymay be part of Terra Aus-
tralis,and likelyto reachnear to Terra del fuegothe mostsouthern
point of America,as yet knownto us, and by this way 'tis not
improbableAmericacame to be peopled,as some have not without
greatreasonconjectured.
As to the Religionof the Malayo's, theyare now,Mohametans,
but theyseem to have been AncientlymeerPagans, havingnot in
theirLanguage,the name of God, or Angels,or Church,or Devil,
exceptwhaťs borrowedout of the x'rabickTongue,fromwhomalso
theyhave receivedmanyotherwords. And thenceit is, (viz. from
the Alcoran) thattheyhave theirletters,havinghad ancientlynone
of theirown,but have used theArabianLetters,exceptingonlysuch
sound; the Malayo Language being
as are guttural,and of difficult
of plain sound and easie Pronunciation, and on the contrary,for
some sounds not in the Arabick,but properonly to the Malayo
Tongue, they have bin forcedto add some few of theirown, as
appears in the end of the Alphabet; some few words they have
taken fromthe Indostan and Persian; as for Wheat, Bread, &c.,
thingsnot growingor made in theirCountry,but broughtto them
fromIndostan,Persia,or Arabia,and theytogetherwiththe thing,
receivedthe Country-name it came from.
But to returnto mypurpose,I am to tell you,thatby nineteen
years continuancein East India whollyspent in Navigationand
Tradingin mostplaces of those Countries,and muchof that time
in the Malayo Countries,Sumatra,Borneo,Bantam,Batavia, and
other parts of Java, by my Conversationand Trading with the
1929] Royal AsiaticSociety.

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318 ft. Mee.

Inhabitantsof whichplaces, I did furnishmyselfwithso muchof


the Malayo Languageas did enableme to negocíatemyaffairs, and
conversewiththosepeoplewithouttheassistanceof a Prevaricating
Interpreter as theycommonlyare.
In the year One Thousand Six HundredEightyEight,I em-
barkedat FortSt. George,as a Passengeron the Bangala Merchant,
bound forEngland,whichprovinga long voyage,and I beingout
of Imployment, did at my leisuretime,set downall that came into
my memoryof the Malayo Language; which togetherwith some
helps that I have attainedsince,has furnished me withso muchof
that Language,as I thinkmay be of greatuse to Trade and Con-
versationin the Malayo Countryor any of the South Sea Islands,
in whichCountriesso greata partof thetradeof India is negociated
and capable of beingmuchImproved,especiallyto thisNation,who
I hope,will not be unmindful of so valuable a part of thatTrade;
but as we may by convenientSettlementsin those SouthernSeas
share with the Dutch, the Profitsthereof;and I findingso very
few EnglishMen that have attainedany tollerableKnowledgeof
the Malayo Tongue, so absolutelynecessaryto Trade in those
SouthernSeas, and that thereis no Book of thiskindpublishedin
English,to help the attainingthat Language; These Considerations
I say, has imboldenedme to Publishthe InsuingDictionary,which
I am sensiblehas manyImperfections, I havinghad verylittlehelp
to assist me, and not havinghad the opportunity of Conversation
with any Malayo, since I begun this Work,nor in several Years
before.
That the ensuingwork may become the more useful to my
CountryMen, for whomit is designed,I thoughtmyselfobliged
to give some accounthow I have Spell'd the Malayo Words,with
our letters,that theymay be the less liable to be mistakenin their
Pronunciation;And thisI do forthe followingReason.
Tho the spellingof every Language, which is writtenin its
own Native Characteroughtto be thesame,whichthe best Authors
who have wrotein that Language have observ'd,in regardthose
who were Mastersof the Tongue,mustneeds knowbest the force
of theirownLetters,and withwhatLettersto expressthe soundsof
theirseveralwords,and in this respecttheirwritingsmust be our
rule,the Observationof whichbeingthat whichGrammarians call
Orthography" Here follow the rules he adopts forspell-
ing accordingto the soundof the Malay word,togetherwithdetails
of how each letterof the EnglishAlphabetis to be soundedin the
Malay word; and althoughthe resultingorthography, may at this
date appear ratherquaint,yet it wouldbe quite possibleforanyone
followinghis system to pronounce the words with ease and
correctness.
"
One examplehe givesis worthnotice,viz.:- the letter v in,
forexamplethe word "bava" (bawa), which, "
he states,has the
"
soundof the English" v as in the-word Bavin."
JournalMalayan Branch [Vol. VII.

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An Old Malay Dictionary 319

The Prefaceis followedby " A Map of the Countryswhere


the Malayo Language is spoken,"and includedin this map are
"Malayo"
" " (the Peninsula),
" "Sumatra,"
" "Java,"
" "Borneo,"
a part
Celebes," Palaran," Mindano," Ceram," Gilola,"
of " New Guinea," and the smaller islands adjacent to those
countries.
In the Peninsula itself are marked " New Queda," " Old
" " " Par-
Queda,"" "Perach," Songecalang
" "(evidently Selangor),
" Formosa" and
seler," Bantangtega," Malacca," R. Мое,"
"
Johor,"on the West Coast."
An Island marked" P. Panjang," opposite" Old Queda," is
"
evidentlythe present"Pulau Penang." Farthernorthis P. Lada,"
probablyLangkawi. P. Sambelan also is marked.
On theeast coast,on themainlandappear the names" Pakan,"
" " " " and " P.
Dagon," " Glanenon,"
P. " P. Bajanasay,"" P. Patany," " P.
"Ridangh," Capas," Timmore," Pesang," Aoor,"
P. Tinge" are also marked.
The " Strate of Sincapore" is also shewn,but the Island is
not named. The Islands of " Bantan" and " Lingan" are shewn.
The prominentplaces markedin the Island of Sumatraare
" " " " " " Pal-
Achee," Priaman," " Indepore,"
" Bencola,"
" Sillebar,"
"
lamban," while Delli," Padang," Andrageree," Jambe,"
"
Sillacar,"are, amongstothers,also shewn.
In Java are shewn " Bantam," " Batavia," " Cherriboon,"
" " " "
Japara,"
" Sourabaya." In Borneo Sucadana," Baniarmas-
seen," Passir," among others.
The remainderof the book is dividedintosevenparts,consist-
" wordsand
ing of 268 pages of Dictionary, Englishand " Malayo,"
examples, and 200 pages of Dictionary, Malayo and English,"
wordsand examples,all arrangedalphabeticallyto the secondletter
of each word,whichalone is no small accomplishment; followedby
" GrammarRules for the in the introduction
Malayo Language,"
to whichBowerysays:- " But in regardthe natureof a Grammar
mustexceedingly varyin everyLanguageaccordingto theparticular
Language to which it is adapted; since the same rules for one
Tongue bear no mannerof proportion untoanother,unlesstherebe
a near affinity betweenthe one and the other,I therefore was dis-
couraged about the Method, especially having no light from any
Predecessor, havingnothingin thiskindthateverwas attemptedby
any EnglishMan, that has gone beforeme that I know of; The
Dutch, I confess,have done some thingsby way of a Dictionary,
Dialogues and Grammar,they have also translatedthe New
Testament(a Religiousand most commendableundertaking)into
this tongue; but as to givingrules for the speaking,or true pro-
nouncingof it, I thinkI may say, withoutthe stain of Vanity,
that no personhas yet endeavour 'd to do it: This I heremention,
to crave an Excuse for those thingswhereinI shall be found
1929] Royal AsiaticSociety.

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320 R. Mee.

deficient. In regardI hope it will be allowed that he who makes


the firstattemptof a discovery,may withoutthe chargeeitherof
Negligenceor Ignorancebe Pardon'd,if he leave some thingsto
be betterobserv'dby thosewho succeedhim."
It will be observedthat Bowerydoes not claim anythingnear
to perfection forhis work; and one does not expectthe standardof
his Grammarto be as highas thatof the presentday.
If we bear in mindthat,as he states," .... by nineteenyears
spent in navigationand trading I did furnish
myselfwithso muchof the Malayo Languageas did enable me to
negocíatemy affairsand conversewith those people withoutthe
assistanceof a prevaricating interpreter that is, all
that he gives in his book comes frompersonal observation,the
resultingworkis by no meansa small achievement.
As an instance,his rulesforthe use of the particles" pe " and
" me " leave littleto be desired.
He gives" poonea" added to a pronounas forming a possessive
pronoun,e.g.:-
" Kitta Poonea "
" Tuan " My
" Dea poonea " Thy
poonea His
" Carnee Ours.
" Camoo poonea." " Yours
" Deoran poonea " Theirs
poonea
This is possiblyworthspecial notice,if it be bornein mind
that Boweryheard thisuse of the wordsome 240 yearsago at the
least (he leftthe East in 1688), and that apparentlyin places far
apart in the Archipelago;but he also uses such sentencesas: -
" karootcan pakean ko."
" Jangon
can baju ko."
Jait
" Soolam can selemootko."
"
Appa nama moo."
He givesone endingwhichseemsratherpeculiarat the present
" " an " would
day, i.e., the ending awn," where ť nowadaysbe used
to formthe noun. He states awn " is used at the end of many
"
words,as in casseawn,moodawn. The ' awn ' is to be pronounced
as in the Englishwords fawn lawn.'"
ť ' '
Other words with this endingare given in the Dictionary,
e.g.:-
" Pacataawn" Perkataan
" "
" Janjeawn " Janjian
" Jamooawn Jemuan
Kookoorawn" Kukuran
" Kirrimawn " Kiriman
" Perboorooawn " Perburuan
" "
Kajadeawn Kejadian
JournalMalayan Branch [Vol. VIL

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An Old Malay Dictionary 321

As a trader,Bowerywouldbe likelyto come intocontactwith


manypeople of rank,such as the Raja, to whomhe would have
to apply forpermissionto trade,the Shabandar,and otherofficers,
to whompresentswould be necessary,and it is to be inferred that
he would hear the languagespokencorrectly;againstthis mustbe
placed the factthathe wouldalso meetthepeopleof the ports, and
where he called to who would the " Basada-
places
" trade, speak
gang and that mostprobablywith variations in dialect,so that,
it seems fairto assume that the use of " poonea" and the ending
" awn " was the Archipelago.
fairlygeneralthroughout
Allowingforsuch debatable items,anyone followingthe rules
he giveswouldlearnto speak Malay quite as wellas one oftenhears
it spokentoday.
"
The next sectionof the book is devoted to Miscellanies,''
whichare of theusual stylemetwithin sucha section,and contains
no fewer than twenty-onepages. A selection of words and
sentences,givenbelow,met within this section,shew that Bowery
had no mean knowledgeof the language. The spellingis Bowery's
" Todohan" Accusation
" " Advice
Jamat
" Gocho"
" Slap
" You
" Joo " Please
" Penoojoo " Main branchesof a tree
Chabang rampak "
" Warna
salang Changeablecolour
" Bawoor" Crooked
" " Stammering
" Gakap "
Sapu edong Handkerchief
" Chakar" Scratchingof a dog, in the
ground
" Nilas " Runningof the eyes
" Karoot" Rumple
" Bulat*"
Round,as a plate
" Buntar "
Round, as a dome
" Parasch"
(Paras) Round,as a pillar
" Sasat " Lost, astray
" Minda "
Neat, of dress,of a man
" Selack" To raise one's clothes, for
wading
" Charrat" A broach,in a cask
" Lazawardee"
" Toolah " Lapis Lazuli
Punishment
" " To call at
Singah
" Meloora" Fall of leaves
" Rooboo" Fall of a house
" " Fall of hair
Googoor
" Dukun " Native doctor
" " Adverseof fortune
Malang
1929] Royal AsiaticSociety.

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322 R. Mee.

Phrasesand sentences: -
" Manacala sooda
" Tindascankootoo saya sangoolrambootko."
etoo."
" Patahcan etoo."
tulang
" Loontarlecha."
" moo."
" Janganmengoobahcanjanjee
" IVJataayer."
dua boolon."
" Tenga
Sakien banyak teda dapat de belang."
"
Jeka teda bolee menabrangberkangkang, menabrang
" berloompat.
Jeka kitta berjalan tummunea baick, attou kitta
bermainmaoo juga sawarang,hanya teda patoot
tummunderreepada benee."
"
Poongoot
" Sakit sayoo barang sedekit."
" petambobbee."
Kadang kadang anak anak looloom jarree nea pada
sanca nea dea mengisappintulsoosoo."
"
Jangontanea saja tetapee prixa dungan rajing pada
sahat enee."
" Boocon etoo cooda
jantan."
" Perbooatanindah indah etoo la."
" ko berdamparsooda de pooloo panjang."
Capal
" Dea sooda
singsing. lingan baju nea agar jangon de
basso."
" Dea kittaca tana.
" Dea mengampascan
can attas pakean ko."
" Boocaperchick ayer
" Adda lapoasa."
padda ko rooma sa booah benee so oran,
anak sa oran,cooda sa ecor,pedangsa ley."
Followingthe sectionof the book dealt withabove is a collec-
tion of ten dialogues,coveringvarioussubjects,among whichare
"A
dialoguebetweentwo friends "; "A Dialogue betweenthe King,
the Shabendar,the PepperWeigher,a Merchantand his Partner";
"A Dialogue about a Feast"; "A Dialogue about Sailing"; and
so forth. These Dialoguescoversometwenty-eight pages,and make
interestingand amusingreading.
A part of the tenth Dialogue is given below (omittingthe
Englishversionof the firstcolumn):-
Tootoorawneang ca so pooloo.
Tootoorawnantaraoran Malayo daen oran barangnegreelain.
De negreemana tuan.
Kitta oran Malayo, catawee de Darat besarr eang adda ca
sabla Salatan Siam sampee ca oojong tanjongetoo sabia Salatan
eang namaee Tanjong Johor,daen enee la de sebootcan negree
Malayo.
JournalMalayan Branch [Vol. VII.

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An Old Malay Dictionary 323

Sooda tuan menjalanee ca Passack negree Malayo, lagee


menampang ca Pooloo pooloobanyaketoo eang adda de bava angin.
Ea tuan, kitta sooda menjalaneedaen Menampangca negree
negreeetoo banyaktawon.
Jeka buggetookitta minta tuan cheritracanpadako derree
Negreenegreebava anginetoo, Derree asal nea, Basa nea, Parenta
nea Daganggan appa jenis adda ca negreeetoo, lagee addat oran
nea.
Kitta choba memadahcanattee moo, barang appa ko bolee,
daen maoo moolay dungan cheritraawnattas negree Malayo, ca
mana adda bagee bagee Raja (catawee) Raja Quedah, Raja Johor,
Raja Patanee,daen banyaklagee.
Oran Holanda de Parentacanbarangbageawndaratetoo.
Ea, adda nea negreebessarsatoo ampirRajaawn Johor,nama-
nea Mallaca, oran Holanda, oran Chena, daen bagee bagee oran
lain moonoode setoo.
Tampat berniagaetoo ca teda.
Etoo ea tampatberniaga,ampirnegreeadda la laboan,ca mana
pada moosimeang patoot mendatangcapal Engreesderreenegree
Killing,Bangala daen Surat,lagee capal orannegreeetoo ampoonea.
Capal oran FrangeederreeGoa, Oran Castella derreeManilha,Oran
Chena derree Japoon, Negree Chena, Tonquee, Cambodia, daen
Siam, Oran Malayo dungan oran dagang lain dalam Prawpraw
derreeManancabo,Java,Borneo,daen banyaknegreelain.
Dagarígganappa jenis calooar derreenegreeenee.
Sedekit saja hanya Tema Pootee. Tetapee addat berniaga
tampatenee ea batoocartoocarDagangganjenis jenis derreeNegree
negreeeang de namaee dauloo, satoo ganti eang lain, carna negree
enee ampirde tenga negreesamoa etoo.
Baick la, saya Mengarteepada moo, Sacaran jeka penoojoo
tuancheritracan attas Quedah,Johordaen Patanee.
Negree Quedah adda de ooloo soongeyeang baick jaoo jeka
modickdunganpraw dua arree,sedangoran dalam nea, adda Raja
pada nea, de toomboderreesetoo tiop tiop tawonbarangsa reboo
Pecool lada eang terbaick,lagee barang lema reboo Pecool tema
pootee,de senee adda lagee, Rotan, Damar, barang sedekitmas,
daen sedekitGading,oran daen basa nea ea Malayo betool.
Sacaran tuan ca Johor.
Negree Johorea jaoo de ooloo soongey,Passack nea poonoo
oran, adda Raja pada nea, enee la tampat Veniaga sedekitsaja,
adda Tema pootee dungan lada sedekit saja, oran daen basanea
Malayo. Dauloo cala Rajaraja Johorpoonea ancatan praw besarr
banyak,daen lama dea Memarangdunganraja Achee.
Sacaran tuan ca Patanee.
1929] Royal AsiaticSociety.

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324 R. Mee.

Pataneeea Bandar,ca mana dauloo cala mendatangoranChena


dunganoran lain, Sacaran Veniaganea sedekit,adda Raja padanea,
tetapeeta-allaacan Siam, Oran<iaen basanea Malayo betool.
Teadda tampatberneagalain dalam negreeMalayo.
Ea, adda la Junsalonpada sabla ootara Quedah,de Parentacan
Raja Siam, Oran daen basa nea Malayo, daganggannea Tema
pootee saja, eang tiop tiop tawon de toombobarangampat ratoos
Bahar, eang Bahar brat gantee batoo timbanganengrees,ampat
ratoosampat pooloo lema (POUNDS) Tampat berneagalain carna
daganggannea sedekitsaja, teda kittamaoo cheritracan.
Jekabuggetoo,kittamintatuan laloo capooloopooloo.
Bermoolay,kitta laloo ca Andelis,eang pooloo besarr,adda
taalla banyakparenta,eang terbesarrea Achee,comadean,Manan-
cabo Jambe,dunganlain lain,oranHolanda poon parentacanbarang
tampat,Oran Engrees adda kota de Bancola, fihakAndelis etoo
eang addap Java,dauloo cala de parentacanRaja Bantam.
Sacaran jeka tuan penoojoo cheritracanattas Achee,Jambee,
daen tampatlain attas pooloo enee.
Achee ea negreebesarrdaen poonoo oran pada fihakdoonea
enee Dallamnea moonoooran eang jaddee de setoo daen banyak
oran dagang (catawee) Oran Engrees,Frangee,Guzarratee,Killing,
dunganjenis jenis lain. Negreeenee dunganRajat laloo lebbeesa
ratoos tawon.de parenta can Ratoo, dungan dua blas oran caya,
Negree enee de toombosedang dunganmacanan,catawee,Sappeej
Cambing,Ayam,Ecan, Brass, lagee de mamoordunganJBooabooa
banyak jenis eang terbaick,Negree enee jaoo dua (miles) derree
pada Laboan, camana Booloom sa calee coorang capai Engrees,
Denmark,Frangee,Guzarattee,Killing,Chena, dungan lain lain,
lagee banyakPraw eang masoocsoongey.
Enee la segalla mendatangpada moosimeang patootpadanea,
dunganjenis jenis dagangganderee negreeGuzerat,Killing,Ban-
gala, Chena, daen banyaktampatlain, eang de jewal senee Gantee
Mas kepal,eang de dapatee dalam Passack banyakamat.
NegreeAcheeteda poonea dagangganberniaga.
Sangatsedekitde negreeampoonea,tetapeede Mamoordungan
segalla jenis dagangganatas angin,daen bava anginjooga eang de
bava camaree.
Daganggande bayerChookeebrapa de seetoo.
Oran Engreeslepas sooda derreepada segalla chookeedungan
janjeeawnlama, Melain ca,npersoombaawn acan Ratoo, lagee denda
laboan eang moora,segalla oran negreelain bayerchookeebrat.
Batoo timbanggan daen Soocatande senee,de belangbuggetoo.
. Batoo timbanggan ea, Bahar Malayo, Pecool, Cattee,Booncal,
Miam, eang de belangbuggetoo.
Namblas Miam sa Booncal.
JournalMalayan Branch [Vol. VII,

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An Old Malay Dictionary 325

Dua Pooloo Booncal sa Cattee.


Sa ratoosCattee sa Pecool.
Dua Pecool sa Bahar Malayo.
Eang Bahar Brat ganteebatoo timbangganEngreesnamanea,
AVERDUPOIS, Tega ratoos sambelanpooloo nam POUNDS, sa
blas Ounces,ampat bias GRAINS.
Eang Booncal brat ganteebatoo timbanggan EngreesTroy,Sa
Ounce delapan Penny-weight, dua pooloo tega Grains.
Eang dauloo sooda bercata,etoo la Batoo timbangganMalayo,
tetapee deoran lagee Pakee dachin Chena jeka maoo bertimbang
brat eang de belangbuggetoo.
Coonderin,Mas, Tial, Cattee,Pecool, Bahar.
Sa Pooloo Coonderinsa Mas.
Sa pooloo Mas sa Tial.
Nam bias tial sa Cattee.
Sa ratooscatteesa Pecool.
Tega Pecool sa Bahar Malayo.
Eang Pecool Chena brat gantee batoo timbanganEngrees
AVERDUPOIS, Sa ratoos tega pooloo satoo Pounds, Tega blas
ounces,dua blas penny-weight.
Eang Tial brat gantee batoo timbanganTROY, sa OUNCE
ampat Pennyweight, satoo grain.
Brass, Minyak,Minyak sappee, dungan barang jenis dagang-
gan lain dejewelbasoocatan,nama nea Bamboo.
Eang Bamboo de mooatganteesoocatanangoorEngreestenga
ampat PINTS.
OOcoorawneang de Pakee senee lagee de tampat Samoa ca
bava angin ea asta, etoo la de mooat Delapan bias iboo jarree
tanganlebar chara Engrees.
Sacaran jeka penoojoocheritracan attas Andelispoonea tampat
lain.
Negree Padang de parenta can Oran Holanda, de mana dea
jewel jenis jenis daganggan,attas angin daen Chena, lagee Garam,
samoa etoo de toocarganteeMas.
Oran Holanda lagee de ParentacanSaleda de mana adda la
marreawMas, dea poon Parentacantampattampatlain de Andelis,
Derree mana dea berolee,Mas, Lada, Cominjam,Baroos Rotan
besarr,lagee barangsedekitdagangganlain.
Sacaran tuan,ca bendarlain.
Etoo la, Bancola, Sacaran de parenta oran Engrees,ampir
tampat enee de Toomboo Lada banyak, lagee barang Cominjan,
Rotan besarr,daen rotankecheel,senee bolee menjewel daganggan
attas angindaen Chena Jenisjenis.
1929] Royal AsiaticSociety.

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326 R. Mee.

Oran de bercheritra can pada ko adda Lada banyakamat de


Andelis.
Etoo la betool, derree Negree Baroos pada Pantee ^ibla
Salatan sa mata barat sampeeca Lampoon,Palimbam,Jambe,daen
Andragereeeang de sabla ootara timmore,addala tampatbanyak
de mana toombooLada, Sooda lama Oran Holanda adda Godoong
de Palimbam,de mana dea billee Lada banyak,daen pada sanca
ko, adda lagee de Jambe.
The Dialogues are followedby specimenletters; and the
methodof the computation of timeby Mohametans. In his intro-
ductionto this Bowerysays:- " The wisersortof Arabianshaving
made Ware withMahometand his followers, in the year of Christ
622, Mahometwas forcedto flyor departMecha and got to Medena
but he afterwards prevailing,settledhis Epocha fromthe time of
his flightfromMecha, and namedit Hegira,fromthe Arabianword
Hegirathi,whichsignifies a Flightor Departure;the year to consist
of Twelve Moons, and to begin with the Moon named by the
ArabiansMooharamin the said year of Christ622, July 16th.,
being Friday. The Malayos havinggenerallyreceivedthe Maho-
metan Faith did (as all otherNations have done who are of that
Faith) receivetherewiththeirEpocha and mannerof Computation
of Time as aforesaid. "
"
Bowerygivesthe calculationsof The year of the Hegira and
moonsto the Year of Christand Months,"from1701 to 1733.
The remainingpages of the book give specimensof the
"
Malayo Character,"togetherwithvariousexamplesshewinghow
the lettersin theirdifferentpositionsin wordsare written.
Taken altogether, Bowery'sDictionary,writtensome 228 years
ago, althoughperhapstodaynot of muchpracticaluse to a learner
of Malay, yet formsa veryinteresting book to the student,giving
as it does a veryextendedidea of the languageused in the ports
and tradingplaces in the " Malayo Countrys" in thosedays,which,
allowing for the inclusionof words gleaned fromall over the
Archipelago, does not appear to be muchalteredat thepresentday.

JournalMalayan Branch [Vol. VII.

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