TOPIC 8

 SOLUTION OF LINEAR
EQUALITY AND LINEAR
INEQUALITY WITH ONE
VARIABLE.
 GRAPH INEQUALITY

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 DEFINITION:

Equation Two expressions set equal to

each other
Linear Equation An equation that can be written
in the form ax + b = 0 where
a and b are constants
Solution of A value, such that, when you replace
an Equation the variable with it, it makes the
equation true. (the left side comes
out equal to the right side)
Inequality Mathematical expressions that use
the symbols ( <, ≠, >, ≥, etc.)
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 Solving a Linear Equation  in General
Get the variable you are solving for alone on one
side and everything else on the other side using
INVERSE operations.

Solve x − 10 = − 2 for x.
x − 10 = − 2 *Inverse of sub. 10 is add. 10
x − 10 + 10 = − 2 + 10
x =8
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 Solve − 5 = x+ 7 for x.

−5 = x+ 7
−5− 7 = x+ 7− 7 *Inverse of add. 7 is sub. 7

− 12 = x

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 x
Solve = −7 for x
3
x
= −7
3
 x
3  = 3( − 7) *Inverse of div. by 3 is mult. by 3
 3
x = − 21
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 5x =
Solve   4 for x.

5x = 4
5x 4
= Inverse of mult. by 5 is div. by 5
5 5
4
x=
5
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 Solving Equations with Variables on Both
Sides

Solve.
4x + 6 = x
4x + 6 = x To collect the variable terms on one
– 4x – 4x side, subtract 4x from both sides.

6 = –3x
6 = –3x Since x is multiplied by -3, divide
–3 –3 both sides by –3.
–2 = x You can always check your
solution by substituting the value
back into the original equation.
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 Solve.
3b – 2 = 2b + 12

3b – 2 = 2b + 12 To collect the variable terms on

one side, subtract 2b from both
– 2b – 2b sides.
b – 2 = 12
Since 2 is subtracted from b, add
+2 +2 2 to both sides.
b = 14

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 Solve.
3w + 1 = 3w + 8
3w + 1 = 3w + 8
– 3w – 3w To collect the variable terms on
one side, subtract 3w from both
sides.
1≠ 8

No solution. There is no number that can be

substituted for the variable w to make the
equation true.
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Solve.
• 4x + 16 = 2x 6. 2x + 8 = x – 7
x = –8 x = –15

2. 8x – 3 = 15 + 5 7. –4(x + 3) = –5x – 2x
7 x=4
x=2
8
3. 2(3x + 11) = 6x + 4 8. 5x + x + (–11) = 25 – 3x
no solution x=4
2 x −4 3x −22
4. 2x + 9x – 3x + 8 = 16 9. x =−
=
3 25
x=1
−4 5 14
= x =−
5. –4 = 6x + 22 – 4x 10. x − 6 −2 x − 315
x +4
1-10 x = –13
 SOLVING LINEAR
INEQUALITY IN ONE
VARIABLE

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 An inequality compares two expressions using <, >, ≤, or ≥.

Symbol Meaning Word Phrases

< is less than Fewer than, below
> is greater than More than, above
is less than or
≤ At most, no more than
equal to
is greater than or
≥ At least, no less than
equal to

An inequality that contains a variable is an algebraic

inequality.

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 A solution of an inequality is any value of
the variable that makes the inequality
true. All of the solutions of an inequality
are called the solution set.

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 Solving Inequalities by Adding or Subtracting

Solve the inequality.

x + 3 > –5
x + 3 > –5
Since 3 is added x, subtract 3 from
–3 –3
both sides.
x > –8

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 Solving Inequalities by Adding or Subtracting

Solve

m – 4 ≥ –2

m – 4 ≥ –2
+ 4 +4 Since 4 is subtracted from m, add 4
to both sides.
m ≥ 2

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 When you multiply (or divide)
both sides of an inequality by
a negative number, you must
reverse the inequality symbol
to make the statement true.

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Solving Inequalities by Multiplying or Dividing
Solve
–9b ≤ 45
– 9b ≥ 45 Divide both sides by –9;
–9 –9 ≤ changes to ≥.
b ≥ –5

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 Solving Inequalities by Multiplying or Dividing

Solve

12 < a
12 < 4 • a
4 •4 Multiply both sides by 4.
4

48 < a, or a > 48

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 Solve

16 > b

5
5 • 16 > 5 •b Multiply both sides by 5.
5
80 > b, or b < 80

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 Solve the inequality.

x + 4 > –2
x + 4 > –2 Since 4 is added x, subtract
–4 –4 4 from both sides.

x > –6

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 GRAPHING
INEQUALITY IN ONE
VARIABLE

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 You can graph the solution set on
a number line. The symbols < and
> indicate an open circle while ≥
and ≤ indicate a close circle.

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 This open circle shows that 5 is not a solution.

a>5

The symbols ≤ and ≥ indicate a closed circle.

This closed circle shows that 3 is a solution.

b≤3

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 Graphing Inequalities

Graph each inequality.

A. –1 > y Draw an open circle at –
1. The solutions are all
values of y less than –1,
–3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 so shade the line to the
left of –1.
1
B. z ≥ –2 2 Draw a closed circle
1
at –2 2 and all values of z
1
–3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 greater than−22 . So shade to
the right of –2 1 .
2

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 Example 3

Graph each inequality.

A. n < 3 Draw an open circle at 3.
The solutions are all values
of n less than 3, so shade
–3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 the line to the left of 3.

B. a ≥ –4
Draw a closed circle
at –4. The solutions are all
–6 –4 –2 0 2 4 6 values greater than –4, so
shade to the right of –4.

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Solve and graph.
1. –14x > 28
x < –2 –2 0 2
x
2. < 15
3
x < 45 40 45 50

3. 18 < –6x
–3 > x −8 −6 −4 −2
q
4. ≥ 5 q ≥ 40
8
40 45

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 Graph each inequality.

5. m ≤ 1

– 3 –2 – 1 0 1 2 3

6. –3 < y

º
–3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3

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