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“Satisfaction lies in the effort, not the attainment.
Full effort is full victory.”
- Mahatma Gandhi
QUADRATIC EQUATION
For the quadratic equation:
𝐀𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐁𝐱 + 𝐂 = 𝟎
The roots can be solved from,
−𝐁 ± 𝐁 𝟐 − 𝟒𝐀𝐂
𝐱=
𝟐𝐀
Where,
B 2 − 4AC → discriminant
If, 𝐁 𝟐 − 𝟒𝐀𝐂 = 𝟎, the roots are real, equal
𝐁 𝟐 − 𝟒𝐀𝐂 > 𝟎, the roots are real, unequal
𝐁 𝟐 − 𝟒𝐀𝐂 < 𝟎, the roots are complex
𝐁 𝟐 − 𝟒𝐀𝐂 < 𝟎 & B = 0, the roots are purely
imaginary
QUADRATIC EQUATION
If the roots of the quadratic equation Ax 2 + Bx +
C = 0 are x1 and x2 , then;
𝐁
sum of roots, 𝐱𝟏 + 𝐱𝟐 = −
𝐀
𝐂
product of roots, 𝐱𝟏 × 𝐱𝟐 =
𝐀
QUADRATIC EQUATION
ME BOARD PROBLEM
Find the value of x in the equation x2 +
7x +12 = 0?
A. 0 C. 3
B. -1 D. -3
Ans: 𝐱 = −𝟑 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐱 = −𝟒
QUADRATIC EQUATION
ME BOARD PROBLEM
In the equation x2 + kx + 4 = 0, find k if
the roots are equal.
Ans: 𝐤 = ±𝟒
QUADRATIC EQUATION
ME BOARD PROBLEM
The roots of the quadratic equation are
1 and 2, what is the quadratic
equation?
Ans: 𝐱 𝟐 − 𝟑𝐱 + 𝟐 = 𝟎
REMAINDER THEOREM
“If a polynomial f(x) is divided by (x – r)
until a remainder which is free of x is
obtained, the remainder is f(r).”
Ans: 𝟐𝟏𝟖
REMAINDER THEOREM
ME BOARD PROBLEM
Find the value of k for which x + 4 is a
factor of x3 + 2x2 – 7x + k.
Ans: 𝐤 = 𝟒
BINOMIAL THEOREM
Properties of Binomial Theorem.
For a given to be expanded: 𝒂𝒙 + 𝒃𝒚 𝒏
1 1 𝑥+𝑦 1
1 2 1 𝑥+𝑦 2
3
1 3 3 1 𝑥+𝑦
1 4 6 4 1 𝑥+𝑦 4
1 5 10 10 5 1 𝑥+𝑦 5
1 6 15 20 15 6 1 𝑥+𝑦 6
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .......
BINOMIAL FORMULA
𝑨𝑩
𝑫=
𝑪+𝟏
Where:
A − 𝑐𝑜𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑣𝑖𝑜𝑢𝑠 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚
B − 𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑥 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑣𝑖𝑜𝑢𝑠 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚
C − 𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑣𝑖𝑜𝑢𝑠 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚
D − 𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑛𝑒𝑥𝑡 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚
BINOMIAL FORMULA
SAMPLE PROBLEM
Expand: 𝑥 + 𝑦 6
BINOMIAL THEOREM
𝒓
Term involving 𝒚
Where,
n!
n Cr =
n − r ! r!
BINOMIAL THEOREM
𝐭𝐡 𝐧
𝐫 term of 𝐱 + 𝐲
𝐭𝐡 𝐧−𝐫+𝟏 𝐫−𝟏
𝐫 𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐦 = 𝐧𝐂r-1 𝐱 𝐲
Where,
n!
nCr-1 =
n−r+1 ! r−1 !
For the middle term,
n
r= +1
2
BINOMIAL THEOREM
ME BOARD PROBLEM
Find the term involving x6 in the
expansion of (x2 + 1/x)12.
Ans: 𝟗𝟐𝟒𝐱 𝟔
BINOMIAL THEOREM
ME BOARD PROBLEM
Find the middle term in the expansion
of (x1/2 + y1/2)12.
Ans: 𝟗𝟐𝟒𝐱 𝟑 𝐲 𝟑
BINOMIAL THEOREM
Sum of Coefficient of Variables
• If
all the terms have numerical and literal
coefficients,
𝐧
𝐒 = 𝐜𝐨𝐞𝐟𝐟. 𝐱 + 𝐜𝐨𝐞𝐟𝐟. 𝐲
Sum of Exponents
𝐒=𝐧 𝐧+𝟏
BINOMIAL THEOREM
ME BOARD PROBLEM
Find the sum of the coefficients of the
expansion of
a. (x + y – z)8
b. (2x + y – 1)7
Ans: 𝐚. 𝟏; 𝐛. 𝟏𝟐𝟗
LOGARITHM
ME BOARD PROBLEM
Find the value of x if log12 x = 2.
Ans: 𝟏𝟒𝟒
LOGARITHM
ME BOARD PROBLEM
If log 2 = x and log 3 = y, find log 1.2 in
terms of x and y.
Ans: 𝟐𝒙 + 𝒚 − 𝟏
PROGRESSION
• Isthe sequence of numbers called terms, each
of which, after the first is derived from the
preceding one.
𝑎1 , 𝑎2 , 𝑎3 , … … … , 𝑎𝑛
𝑑 = 𝑎2 − 𝑎1 = 𝑎3 − 𝑎2
ARITHMETIC PROGRESSION
Ans: 𝟗𝟏
ARITHMETIC PROGRESSION
ME BOARD PROBLEM
Find the sum of the odd numbers from
1 to 61.
Ans: 𝟗𝟔𝟏
ARITHMETIC PROGRESSION
ME BOARD PROBLEM
Find the 7th term of an AP if the 10th
term is 32 and the 15th term is 47.
Ans: 𝟐𝟑
ARITHMETIC PROGRESSION
ME BOARD PROBLEM
How many terms of the progression 3,
5, 7, … must be taken in order that
their sum will be 2600?
Ans: 𝟓𝟎
GEOMETRIC PROGRESSION
• Is
a sequence of numbers called terms,
each of which, after the first is obtained by
multiplying the preceding term by a fixed
number called the common ratio.
𝑎1 , 𝑎2 , 𝑎3 , … … … , 𝑎𝑛
𝑎2 𝑎3
𝑟= =
𝑎1 𝑎2
GEOMETRIC PROGRESSION
b. if in geometric series,
𝐆𝐌 = 𝐧 𝐚𝟏 𝐚𝟐 … … 𝐚𝐧
STAT MODE
GEOMETRIC PROGRESSION
ME BOARD PROBLEM
Find the sum of the first 10 terms of
the geometric progression 2, 4, 8, 16…
Ans: 𝟐𝟎𝟒𝟔
GEOMETRIC PROGRESSION
ME BOARD PROBLEM
If the 3rd term of GP is 20, and the 6th
term is 160, what is the first term?
Ans: 𝟓
INFINITE GEOMETRIC PROGRESSION
𝐚𝟏
𝐒=
𝟏−𝐫
INFINITE GEOMETRIC PROGRESSION
ME BOARD PROBLEM
Find the sum of the infinite geometric
progression 6, -2, 2/3…
Ans: 𝟗/𝟐
INFINITE GEOMETRIC PROGRESSION
ME BOARD PROBLEM
What is the fraction in lowest term
equivalent to 0.77777…?
Ans: 𝟕/𝟗
INFINITE GEOMETRIC PROGRESSION
ME BOARD PROBLEM
A rubber ball is made to fall from a
height of 50 ft and is observed to
rebound 2/3 of the distance it falls.
How far will the ball travel before
coming to rest if the ball continues to
fall in this manner?
Ans: 𝟐𝟓𝟎 𝒇𝒕
HARMONIC PROGRESSION
𝟐𝐚𝟏 𝐚𝟑
𝐇𝐌 = 𝐚𝟐 =
𝐚𝟏 + 𝐚𝟑
HARMONIC PROGRESSION
ME BOARD PROBLEM
The 3rd term of a harmonic progression
is 15 and the 9th term is 6. Find the 11th
term.
Ans: 𝟓
“The more I
PRACTICE,
the Luckier I
get.”
-Gary Player