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Everest Times 10 Year Special Edition

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Everest Times Nepali Fortnightly's 10 Year Special Edition Publisher/Chief Editor-Ang chhiring Sherpa

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T H E C I T Y O F N EW Y O R K
O FFI C E O F T H E M A Y O R
N EW Y O R K , N Y 1 0 0 0 7

November 10, 2018

Dear Friends:

It is a great pleasure to join with The Everest Times as it celebrates 10 years of serving
the Nepali community.

New York rises on the foundation of its diversity and the core values of inclusion and
equality for people of all backgrounds that have shaped and strengthened our city. Our dynamic
Nepali American community has contributed so much to the rich cultural fabric of the five
boroughs, and publications like The Everest Times have been vital resources for Nepali New
Yorkers in Queens and beyond. This publication has kept its readership well-informed and also
connected them to their shared heritage, and over the past decade, it has helped unite the Nepali-
speaking community and added to our city’s multicultural landscape. I am proud to join in
applauding all of The Everest Times’ staff, contributors, and supporters who have added to this
publication’s success, and I look forward to it continuing to unite its growing readership.

On behalf of the City of New York, I offer my best wishes for a wonderful celebration
and continued success.

Sincerely,

Bill de Blasio
Mayor
EMBASSY OF NEPAL
2131 LEROY PLACE, N.W.
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20008

Ambassador
\ÈȪ DG,, DBCJ
\

ĮȢ fȯ ƴȡ^à ÛǕȪ[

Ǖ ȡȡ

Ĥȡ ȡ ȯȡȣ ȡȡ, ȡǒ¡× ȫǓ ȱèǙǓȪ Ȳ ¢Ȫ ȡȢ \ȯǐȡȪ ÛǕȪ[ȡ Ĥȡ ¡ǕȰ
]fȪ ǔ[ ȯȡȣ Ǔğȡ fȯ ƴȡ^à ÛǕȪ[ȯ CB [Ȫ ȡğȡ ȡ ȯ Ȫȡ ¡ȡǑ[ Ǖȡȡ åƠ
[Ǖ@ ¡ȣ ȡǒȾ× Ȫ \ ȡ fȯ ƴȡ^à ÛǕȪ[ȯ ȡǗ
[ fȯ ƴ ǒȯȡȲ Ĥȡǔ ȯ Ȫȡ
ȡ_ @

]ȡȢ Ǒȡ ğȡǐȡȪ èȡǒ Ǘã ȡÛȡȪ ]ȡȡ ȡf ȯȡȣ ȡèȪȡȡ_ fȧǙ
ȡ` ¡×Ǘ[ ǗǓȡ ȯã fȯ èȡ^à ¡Ȫ Q Ǐȯ Ǖȡȡ Ǒ ȡ¡ÛǕ @ ȡȰ, ğȡǐȡȪ
[, [ å ȡǒ ǐȡȡ_ àȡ ȷ × ȡ[ Ǘȡ àĤȯç ȷ \ȡȢ ÕǕ ¡Ǖ
ȯ Ǐȯ
ǒƳȡ ȷ ȡȪ ¡ȡǑ[ Ǖȡȡ Ǒ ȡ¡ÛǕ @ Ûȡ@

[ Ǖȡ ȡȽ
ȡ. \Ǖ

PHONE: (202) 667-4550, FAX: (202) 667-5534, EMAIL:info@nepalembassyusa.org
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slxn] xfjfx'/L t slxn] lxdkft s]xL gegL klqsf af]s]/ afF8]sf]
;Demgf tfh} 5 . pgL cnu ePnuQ} lhNnfjf;L ldq lªdf kflv|g
;Dkfbsdf / k|aGws lgb]{zsdf t]Daf bf]ªaf Xof]Ndf]sf] cfudgn]
klqsfnfO{ yk cl3 a9fpgdf pmhf{ ldn]sf] 5 . !) jif{ kf/
u?Gh]n;Dd pgLx¿n] lbPsf] of]ubfg la;{g ;lSbgF . cd]l/sfdf
klqsf lgsfn]sf] ;'Gbf hlt ;lhnf] nfU5, t/ oyfy{ lgs} sl7g .
b'Mv;'vsf ;fy !) jif{ k|jf;df lbg/ft v6]/ klqsf lgsfn]/
of] ;do kf/ u/]sf] ;DemFbf k};f gsdfP klg ;fyLefO / Oi6ldq
sdfPh:tf] nfU5 . cd]l/sfdf Pe/]:6 6fOD; eg]/ lrgfpg ;s]sf]df
v';L 5' . xfd|f] of] cleofgdf ;fy lbg] ;a}nfO{ xflb{s gdg .

bz} jif{ Go'of]s{df ;d'bfo;Fu}
cd]l/sfsf] ljleGg /fHox¿dWo] Go'of]s{ lbg / /ft b'j} ;do
Jo:t x'g] /fHo xf] . ljleGg d''n'ssf gful/s;Fu} kl5Nnf] ;do
g]kfnLsf] ;+Vof klg plQs} a9]sf] 5 . ljz]ifu/L blIf0f Pl;ofnL
d'n'sx¿;Fu} g]kfnLx¿sf] ;+Vof a9\g' dfq xf]Og w]/} s'/fx¿af6
cufl8 a9\g' uf}/jsf] ljifo xf] . Go'of]s{df a9\bf] g]kfnLsf]
;+Vof;Fu} x/]s hftLo ;+:yfx¿;Fu} clxn] ;of}Fsf] ;+Vofdf g]kfnL
;+3;+:yf :yfkgf ePsf 5g\ . ljb]zdf % lbg sfd u/]/ b'O{ lbg
zlgaf/ / cfOtaf/ ;fKtlxs labf dgfpg] rng 5 . labfsf]
;dodf k|foMh;f] ;a} cf–cfkm\g} kl/jf/df Jo:t x'G5g\ . PSnf]
x'g]x¿ klg nG8«L ug]{, 3'Dg hfg], g]kfndf cfkmGtnfO{ sn ug]{ /
dg v';L x'g] u/L /dfOnf] ug{ Jo:t x'g] lbg xf] . labfs} df}sf kf/]/
cfkmGt, Oi6ldq / ;+3;+:yfn] s'g} g s'g} sfo{qmddf af]nfpg] u5{g\ .
slxn]sfxLF labfsf] df}sf kf/]/ Ps}lbgdf $ j6f sfo{qmd;d]t x'g]
u5{g\ . ;fdflhs ;]jfsf] efjgfn] ;+:yfdf sfd ug]{x¿ kl/jf/nfO{
lbg] ;do ;dfhnfO{ lbPh:t} ;d'bfosf] lxtdf lqmofzLn ldl8of
Pe/]:6 6fOD;n] klg x/]s ;d'bfon] af]nfPsf] sfo{qmddf k'u]/
;dfrf/ n]lvlbPsf] 5 . af]nfPsf] 7fpFdf gk'u]sf] / ;dfrf/
gn]v]sf] s'g} lbg 5}g eg]/ 3d08 ug]{ cfwf/ ag]sf] 5 . o;/L
;d'bfon] af]nfpg]lalQs} cfkm\gf] JolQmut / kl/jfl/s sfd;d]t
5f]8]/ ;dfhsf] lxtdf nfu]sf] !) jif{ k"/f ePsf] 5 .
;fdflhs ;~hfnsf sf/0f ldl8ofsf] dxTj klxnfeGbf
sd eP klg Jofj;flos ldl8ofsf] e"ldsf ;b}j cfjZostf ug]{x¿ klg a9\g yfn]sf] 5 . Go'of]s{df a9\bf] ;d'bfo;Fu} g]kfndf dgfpg] x/]s rf8kj{ clxn] x/]s jif{ dgfpg yflnPsf] 5 . lxGb" wdf{jnDaLsf] b;}F, ltxf/, lth, To;}u/L af}4 wdf{jnDaLsf] Nxf];f/, ljleGg k"hfx¿, cflbjf;L hghfltdf z]kf{sf] Nxf];f/, l/Dkf]r] cfpFbfsf] sfo{qmd, Xof]Ndf]sf] Nxf];f/, tfdfªsf] Nxf]5f/, d':tfªsf] Nxf];f/, u'?ªsf] Nxf];f/, UofN;'Dbfsf] Nxf];f/, jfn'ªsf] Nxf];f/, ls/ftL–/fO{sf] ;fs]nf, lnDa"sf] jflnxfª tfªgfd, g]jf/sf] Dxk'hf, OxL / OGb|hfqf, du/sf] df3] ;+qmflGt, dw];L ;d'bfosf] 57h:tf x/]s ;f+:s[lts sfo{qmddf Pe/]:6 6fOD; gk'u]sf] lbg 5}g . o;sf] ;fy} kf6L{sf] e|ft[ ;+u7g hg;Dks{ ;ldlt / k|jf;L g]kfnL d~rn] ub{} cfO/x]sf] x/]s sfo{qmddf klg d cfkm}F k'u]/ Pe/]:6 6fOD;df ;dfrf/ k|sfzg ub{} cfPsf] 5' . a9\bf] g]kfnL ;d'bfodf slxn]sfxLF t Ps}lbgdf # 7fpFdf sfo{qmd x'G5 . ;a} sfo{qmdsf] ;dfrf/ ;+sng u/]/ 3/ kms{Fbf /ftsf] !! alh;S5 . ef]lnkN6 laxfg} sfddf hfg'kg]{, sfdaf6 kms{g]lalQs} cgnfOgdf a;]/ ;dfrf/ /flvxfNg' kg]{ xfd|f] b}lgs ag]sf] 5 . slxn] c:j:y x'Fbf klg ;d'bfosf] sfo{qmd k'u]s} x'G5f}F xfdL . g]kfndf l8hfOg x'g] klqsf ePsfn] nfdf] ;do g]kfn nf]8;]l8ªsf] df/df v]k]sf] a]nf aQL geP/ eg]sf] ;dodf klqsfsf] l8hfOg gcfpg], cfP/ klg slxn]sfxLF cd]l/sfsf] labfsf] ;do k/]sfn] k|];n] ;dodf klqsf 5fkL glbg], slxn] lxpFdf, slxn] xfjfx'/L / jiff{df xfdL cfkm}Fn] klqsf kf7ssf nflu 7fpF7fpFdf k'¥ofpFbfsf] b'Mv t/f]tfh 5Fb} 5 . lgMz'Ns ¿kdf klqsf k9\g]nfO{ k|ltlqmof lbg ;lhnf] 7fGg]x¿n] cd]l/sfh:tf] Jo:t 7fpFdf s;/L g]kfnL ;d'bfosf] lxtdf klqsf 5fk] xf]nfg\ eg]/ kL8f a'‰g] k|of; sd}n] u/]sf 5g\ . cd]l/sL g]kfnL ;d'bfosf] kqsfl/tfsf qmddf kl5Nnf] ;do s]xL ;d'bfo ljeflht eP/ b'O{lt/ sfo{qmd ug{ yfn]/ Ps–csf{df j}dgZotf a9]sf] b]Vbf klg lgs} b'Mv nfU5 . xfdLn] /fd|f] / lgM:jfy{ 9+un] g]kfnL ;d'bfox¿sf] lxtdf sfd ubf{ klg slxn]sfxLF s]xL ;+:yfn] ldl8ofsf] dxTj a''‰g g;s]sf] b]Vbf lbSs nfU5 . Pe/]:6 6fOD;n] uj{sf ;fy eGg} k5{ x/]s ;d'bfox¿sf] ljleGg wld{s tyf ;f+:s[lts ultljlwsf] ;dfrf/x¿ lrQa'‰bf] 9+un] k:sg'sf] ;fy} k|jf;df g]kfnLn] ef]Ug'k/]sf] ;d:ofaf/] jsfnt / hfgsf/Ld"ns ;fdu|L k:sFb} cfPsf] 5 . To:t}u/L sfg'gL ;Nnfxsf/ tyf sfg'g Joj;foLdfkm{t g]kfnL ;d'bfonfO{ cfjZos kg]{ cd]l/sL cWofudg;DaGwL sfg'gL k/fdz{sf s'/fx¿ lbFb} cfPsf 5g\ . To;u/L kl5Nnf] ;do g]kfndf e"sDk uPsf a]nf ;xof]usf nflu ljleGg kxnx¿sf] ;fy} e"sDkkLl8tsf nfuL cd]l/sL ;/sf/af6 l6lkP; lbnfpg g]kfnL ;d'bfosf] cfjhnfO{ a'nGb ug{sf ;fy} cd]l/sL ;/sf/;dIf nlaªsf] sfo{ Pe/]:6 6fOD;n] ;'?sf] lbgb]lv g} ub{} cfPsf] xf] . To;}u/L x/]s !) jif{df cd]l/sfdf x'g] /fli6«o hgu0fgfdf g]kfnL ;d'bfodf u0fgf ug{ ;xh u/fpg cd]l/sL hgu0fgfsf]

xflb{s awfO{ tyf z'esfdgf
cd]l/sfsf] Go'of]s{af6 ;g\ @))* gf]e]Da/b]lv g]kfnL efiff, ;flxTo / ;+:s[ltnfO{
;+j4{g tyf k|j4{g ub}{ cfPsf] Pe/]:6 6fOD; klqsfsf] !)cf}F jflif{sf]T;jsf]
cj;/df o; klqsf k|sfzg ;d"xnfO{ xflb{s awfO{ .

18
cf}F jflif{sf]T;j

k|lqmofcg';f/ k|rf/k|;f/ / r]tgfd"ns ;fdu|L lbFb} cfof}F . ljZjsf] 5fk]/ afF8\of] . klqsfaf6 xfdLn] wg sdfpg g;s] klg ;d'bfosf]
/fhwfgL Go'of]s{df cfpg] ko{6s / :yfgLo cd]l/sgnfO{ g]kfn ;f/ly eP/ ;fyLefO{ / Oi6ldqx¿sf] dg sdfpg kfPsf]df ;Gt'li6
lrgfpg x'Fb} cfPsf] sfo{qmd g]kfn 8] k/]8, ko{6g PS:kf], lahg]; ldn]sf] 5 . hlxn] klg ;d'bfoaf6 s] kfOG5 eg]/ xf]Og s] lbg
d]nfx¿df ldl8of kf6{g/sf ¿kdf ;fy lbFb} cfPsf] lyof] . Go'of]s{df ;lsG5 eg]/ lg/Gt/ ;a};Fu ;d'w'/ ;DaGw /fv]s} sf/0f cd]l/sfdf
/f]huf/Lsf cj;/af/], Pgcf/Pg ultljlw, cflbjf;L hghfltn] Pe/]:6 6fOD;n] ;a}sf] dg lhTg ;kmn ePsf] xfdLn] kfof+F .
cfof]hgf ug]{ rnlrq dxf]T;j tyf r]tgfd"ns sfo{qmddf Pe/]:6 pxfFx¿sf] ;fy ;xof]ucg';f/ cd]l/sL g]kfnL ;d'bfonfO{ cl3
6fOD;n] ljz]if of]ubfg k'¥ofpFb} cfPsf] ;a}df ;j{ljlbt} 5 . of] a9fpg ldl8ofsf] cfjZostf xfdLn] dx;'; u¥of}F . ;d'bfosf]
klqsf klIfs eP klg Pe/]:6 6fOD; Go'h 86sd cgnfOgdf o:t} lsl;dsf] dfof, ;fy / ;xof]u xfd|f] nflu cfwf/ :tDe xf] .
;dfrf/x¿ t'?Gt} cknf]8 x'g] u5{ eg] klqsfdf b'O{ xKtfleqsf] xfdL ;w}F ;d'bfos} ;fy x'G5f}F . casf] ofqfdf klg ;d'bfosf] oxL
lkmr/ Go'hx¿ / lkmr/ kmf]6f]x¿ sn/ k]hdf cfsif{s 9+un] k:sFb} lsl;dsf] dfof, ;fy / ;xof]u lg/Gt/ kfO/x] yk sfo{x¿ ub}{ hfg]
cfPsf 5f}F . of] klqsf ljz]ifu/L lnljªdf a:g], 6f9f 6f9f ofqf nIo lnPsf 5f}F . xfdLn] kf/ u/]sf] Ps bzssf] of] ofqfdf ;fy
ug]{x¿, /]:6'/]G6df a;]/ k9\g], kfs{lt/ uP/ k9\g] kf7sx¿n] cfgGb lbg] xfd|f] l6dsf ;fyLx¿, cfb/0fLo kf7sx¿, lj1fkgbftfx¿,
cfpg] cg'ej ;'gfpF5g\ . lj1fkgaf6 cfPsf] cfo;|f]tn] klqsf rn] x/]s ;d'bfosf cu'jfx¿nfO{ xflb{s wGojfb lbg rfxG5' .
klg xfdLn] kf7sx¿sf] efjgfnfO{ / klqsfsf] :t/LotfnfO{ Vofn
u/L lj1fkgeGbf a9L /f]rs hfgsf/L, g]kfn / cd]l/sfsf] dxTjk"0f{ ;fdflhs ;]jfdf klg
;fdu|L /fVb} cfPsf 5f}F . Pe/]:6 6fOD;n] ;d'bfox¿sf] ;dfrf/x¿ 5fKg] sfd dfq u/]sf]
klqsf lj1fkgs} e/df rln/x]sf] 5 . xfdLn] klqsf ;'? ubf{ 5}g . ljut $ jif{b]lv Go'of]s{df x/]s jif{ g]kfnsf] lsDkm;Fu ldn]/
;'?df t lj1fkg lbg]x¿ lgs} sd lyP . k|foMh;f] g]kfnL Joj;foLn] Go'of]s{df lkmNd km]l:6an u/]/ To;af6 ;+sng ePsf] /sdn] b'u{d
;'?sf] lbgdf g]kfnL efiffsf] klqsf eg]/ cfˆgf] k|rf/;Fu} ;xof]uL ufpFx¿sf] ljBfnonfO{ ;xof]u ul/;s]sf] 5 . ;'?df ;]uf{ afud k|flj
efjgfn] lj1fkg lbPsf] lyof] . t/, la:tf/} Joj;fodf b]lvPsf] ;Nn]/LnfO{ ;xof]u u/]sf] lyof] eg] To;kl5 rfFu]:yfg dflj s]?ªnfO{
kl/jt{g;Fu} w]/}h;f] g]kfnL Joj;foLx¿n] lj1fkg lbg 5f8] klg / ut jif{ hlDaofª k|flj :s'n x]nDa'nfO{ cfly{s ;xof]u u/]sf]
sfg'g Joj;foLx¿sf] lj1fkg oyfjt\ 5flkFb} cfPsf] 5 . lyof] . To:t} o; jif{sf] km]l:6anaf6 p7]sf] /sdn] /fd]5fksf] s'g}
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cfPsf] klqsfdf lj1fkg 5fk]kl5 eg]sf] a]nfdf /sd gp7\bf cfˆg} xfd|f] of] ;fgf] ;fdflhs sfo{ k"/f ePsf] 5 . eljiodf klg of]
ks]6af6 klqsf 5fKg''k/]sf] afWotf clxn] klg 5 . k|jf;df a:g] ;fdflhs ;]jfsf] sfo{nfO{ klg lg/Gt/tf lbFb} hfg] nIo lnPsf 5f}F .
;a}sf] lxtdf xfdLn] !) jif{ lgMz'Ns ¿kdf kf7snfO{ klqsf o; sfo{df tkfO{+x¿sf] ;xof]usf] km]l/ klg cfzf lnPsf 5f}F .[

19
cf}F jflif{sf]T;j

kf7sx?sf] dd{ / kqsfl/tfsf] wd{cg'?k g]kfn /
k|jf;sf dxTjk"0f{ ljifoj:t' p7fg ub}{ ;a}sf] dg lhTg
;kmn o; Pe/]:6 6fOD;n] cfufdL lbgdf cem w]/} prfO{ ;'dg a"9fdu/, cWoIf
r'Dg ;sf];\ eGg] z'esfdgf JoQm ug{ rfxG5f}+.
g]kfn–cd]l/sf snfsf/ ;+3

d w]/} sfo{qmddf lxF8\g ;s]sf] lyOgF,
t/ cfªl5l/ªhL w]/} sfo{qmddf ;xefuL
x'g] x'Fbf klg tL ;dfrf/nfO{ :yfg lbPs}
sf/0f klg cfh of] klqsfn] cd]l/sL
g]kfnL ;dfhdf /fd|f] k|efj kf/]sf] 5 .
z lji0f'k|;fb kf}8]n

cf ªl5l/ª z]kf{hLsf] ;dfrf/ d}n] kf]v/fdf x'Fbf
w]/}k6s k9]sf] lyPF . pxfF sflGtk'/df x'Fbf
;u/dfyf lzv/ r'Dg ;kmn x'g'ePsfn] klg
d]/f] gf]l6;df kl//xg'ePsf] lyof] .
;g\ @))% cd]l/sf l5/]kl5 t d}n] cfªl5l/ªhL;Fu
Pe/]:6 6fOD;df x'Fbf g} d]/f] ;fgf ;dfrf/nfO{ cfwf/ dfg]/
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lkmr/ ePsfn] klg d}n] To:t} k|s[ltsf ;dfrf/ n]Vg] uy]{+ . -kf}8]n Pe/]:6 6fOD;sf k"j{;Dkfbs x'g\ ._

21
cf}F jflif{sf]T;j

246 W 38th St  8,
New York, NY 10018

22
cf}F jflif{sf]T;j

oxfF cfP;Fu} kl/jf/nfO{ lbg'kg]{
;dodf s6f}tL ug{'k/]sf] 5 /
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s]xL ;dosf nflu d sflGtk'/sf] ;f]n'v'Da' ;+jfbbftf klg
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7"nf7"nf 36gfsf 5f]6f ;dfrf/ tL klqsfdf leqkl§sf k]hdf xfdLn] Pe/]:6 6fOD;df ;d'bfoleq eP u/]sf ;sf/fTds
slxn]sfxLF e]l6Gy] . ultljlwnfO{ a9L hf]8 lbg] u/]sf 5f}F . oyfy{df Pe/]:6 6fOD;df
pRr lzIff xfl;n ug]{ clenfiffsf ;fy cfPsfn] otf d JolQmut jf ;fd"lxs ¿kdf sf]xL s;}n] u/]sf pTk|]/0ffd"ns
oxL tf/tDo ldnfpg nfu]sf] lyPF . ToxL a]nf 8]lg; ;fyLaf6 sfd jf ultljlwaf6 c¿nfO{ k|]/0ff k|bfg ug]{ vfnsf ;dfrf/
Od]n k|fKt eof] . ;f]n'v'Da'df /]l8of] :6];g ;~rfng ug{ 8]lg; k|fyldstfdf kb{5g\ . kqsfl/tfnfO{ hLljsf]kfh{gsf nflu g} x'g]
;/sf/;Fu cfly{s ;xof]u dfu /fvL xfdLn] s]xL jif{klxn] xfn]sf] u/L d'Vo k];f agfpg ;lsPsf] 5}g . hLljsf]kfh{gsf nflu ul/g]
lgj]bg :jLs[t ePsf] va/ /x]5 . g]kfn kms{g] ;Defjgfaf/] klg cGo sfdaf6 ;do arfP/ ;b'kof]u u/L xfdLn] sfd ub}{ cfPsf
dnfO{ ;f]lwPsf] /x]5 . åGåsfndf g]kfn kms]{/ hf]lvd df]Ng] sfd 5f}F . To;f] ubf{ kl/jf/nfO{ lbg'kg]{ ;dodf s6f}tL ug{'k/]sf] 5
gug{ kl/jf/sf] bafa gcfPsf] xf]Og . cd]l/sfdf pRr lzIff lng] / Ps lsl;dn] kl/jf/k|lt cGofo g} ePsf] dx;'; x'G5 . t/,
OR5fnfO{ ;lhn} bafpg klg dnfO{ lgs} ufx|f] eof] . t/, lg0f{o t ;d'bfok|ltsf] pQ/bfloTjnfO{ pRr ;Dem]/ xfdLn] kqsfl/tfdf
lng' g} lyof] . d g]kfn kms]{+ . lg/Gt/ ;do lbFb} cfPsf 5f}F . p7fg ug{'kg]{ ljifo k|z:t} b]lvG5g\,
åGåsfndf ;f]n'v'Da'df /]l8of] :yfkgf u/]/ ;~rfng ug{' t/ To;nfO{ p7fpg kof{Kt ;do x'Fb}g . ;dodf gp7fpFbf To;sf]
xfd|f nflu cj;/ / r'gf}tL b'j} lyof] . /]l8of] :6];g :yfkgf dxTjdf sdL x'G5 . cWoog cg';Gwfgsf nflu kof{Kt ;do
u/]/ ;~rfng ug{ xfdL;Fu cg'ej dfq x}g k|fljlws 1fg klg gx'Fbf eg] hlt n]vx¿ tof/ kfg{ ;lsFb}g . To;a]nf rflxF cToGt}
lyPg . t/, cfF6 / ;fx; eg] k|z:t} lyof] . o;qmddf xfdLn] y'k|} b'Mv nfU5 . kof{Kt cWoog–cg';Gwfg ug{ gkfpFbf ljifosf] p7fg
;xof]uLnfO{ e]6fof}F . s]xLn] eg] xfdLaf6 kmfObf lng] sfObf klg lkmtnf] x'g hfG5 . h]–hlt ;s]sf] Odfgbf/Lk"j{s sfd ub}{ hfg]
vf]h] . nueu b'O{ jif{df dfq xfdLn] ;fd'bflos /]l8of] ;f]n' PkmPd xfd|f] k|lta4tf 5 . ;Dk"0f{ ;xof]uL / kf7sju{sf] lgoldt ;'emfa–
;~rfng ug]{ cg'dlt kfpg ;kmn eof}F . ;Nnfx xfd|f nflu dfu{bz{s x'g]5 .[

23
cf}F jflif{sf]T;j

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24
cf}F jflif{sf]T;j

d cd]l/sf cfPsf] s]xL dlxgfd}
Pe/]:6 6fOD; klqsf k|sfzg eof] .
d}n] klg n]v–/rgf k7fpg yfn]F . o;}
bf}/fgdf k|wfg;Dkfbs cfªl5l/ª
z]kf{hLn] k|sfzg l6dd} ;+nUg eP/
sfd ug{ k|:tfj ug'{eof] . d}n] /fd|f] t]Daf bf]ª\af Xof]Ndf]
cj;/sf ¿kdf l:jsf/]F .

Pe/]:6 6fOD;;Ddsf]
;~rf/ ofqf
;f gf] 5Fbf slxNo} kqsfl/tfdf nfluPnf eGg]
;f]r]sf] lyOgF . t/, ;~rf/k|ltsf] df]x eg]
;fg}b]lv lyof] eGg] clxn] efg ePsf] 5 . ;g\
!((^ lt/ hltv]/ d ( sIffdf k9\y]F, ljBfnod} s]xL ;fyL;Fu
ldnL xfdLn] ;fKtflxs ¿kdf leQ]klqsf k|sfzg uYof}{+ . afcfdfn]
lyPF . Tof] 5f]6f] n]v bL sf7df08" kf]:6h:tf] nf]slk|o b}lgs
klqsfdf 5flkPsf] b]Vbf d]/f] v';Lsf] ;Ldf lyPg . To;kl5 xfdLn]
klg n]Vg rfx] ;lsg]/x]5 / xfd|f] n]vn] klg nf]slk|o klqsfx¿df
:yfg kfpg]/x]5 eGg] cfTdljZjf; a9\of] / n]Vg] sfdnfO{ lg/Gt/tf
lbFb} uPF .
vfhfsf nflu eg]/ lbg'ePsf] k};f hf]xf] u/L klqsf k|sfzgsf ;g\ @))% b]lv @))* ;Dd /]l8of] Prla;L ($ PkmPddf
nflu cfjZos rf6{k]k/, ;fOgk]g tyf cGo ;fdfgdf vlr{GYof}F . sfo{qmd lgdf{0f Pj+ k|:tf]tfsf ¿kdf sfd ug{] cj;/ ldNof] .
leQ]klqsfdf c+u|]hL / g]kfnL b'j} efiffdf n]lvPsf n]v, /rgf tyf ;'?df sfo{qmd lgdf{tf Pj+ k|:tf]tfsf ¿kdf sfd u/]F / kl5
;dfrf/ ;Dk|]ifg uYof}{+ . d c+u|]hL efiffsf] ;+of]hg uy]{+ eg] d]/f ;dfrf/ ;+jfbbftfsf] klg sfd ug{ yfn]F . /]l8of] gdf]a'¢df klg
csf{ ldqn] g]kfnL efiffsf] . n]v, /rgf tyf ;dfrf/nfO{ k|sfz s]xL jif{;Dd sfo{qmd lgdf{tf Pj+ k|:tf]tfsf ¿kdf sfd u/]F . ;f]
kfg]{ vfnsf lrqx¿ eg] csf]{ ;fyLn] sf]Yof]{ . xfd|f] l;h{gzLn sfo{nfO{ cd]l/sf cfO;s]kl5 klg sl/a b'O{ jif{;Dd lg/Gt/tf lbPF .
sfo{nfO{ ljBfno k|zf;g tyf lzIfsx¿n] klg xf};nf lbGy] . cgnfOg dfWodaf6 klg ;~rf/ If]qdf s]xL ug]{ p2]Zo /fv]/ ;g\
h'lgo/ efOalxgLn] klg xfd|f] o; l;h{gzLn sfo{sf] l;sf] ug{ @))% df Xof]Ndf]g]6 86 sd j]a;fO6 btf{ u/L ;~rfng klg u/]F .
yfln;s]sf lyP / sl/a Ps jif{hltsf] lg/Gt/tfkl5 xfdLn] ;f] blIf0f Pl;ofnL ;~rf/sdL{sf] ;Lk tyf IfdtfnfO{ clej[l¢ ug]{ /
k|sfzgsf] lhDdf xfdLkl5sf ;fyLx¿nfO{ x:tfGt/0f ub{} xfdL eg] bIf agfpg] p2]Zon] kfg; ;fpy Pl;of gfds ;+:yfå/f cfof]hgf
cfˆgf] k|j]lzsf k/LIff -P;Pn;L_ sf] tof/Ldf h'6\of}F . ul/Psf] ;fpy Pl;of l/hgn 6«]lgª cg cgnfOg /]l8of] a|f]8sfl:6ª
s]xL jif{kl5 Xof]Ndf] kmfpG8];g gfds ;+:yfn] lwª;fª Xof]Ndf] sfo{qmddf g]kfnL ;~rf/sdL{sf] 6f]nLdf d klg 5flgP5' . tLglbg]
q}dfl;s a'n]l6g k|sfzgsf] ;'?jft;Fu} dnfO{ ;f] a'n]l6gsf s]xL ;f] tflndaf6 cgnfOg /]l8of] a|f]8sfl:6ª;DaGwL ;}4flGts Pj+
c+ssf] ;+of]hssf] e"ldsfdf sfd ug{] cj;/ ldn]sf] lyof] . ToxL Jofjxfl/s 1fg xfl;n ug{] /fd|f] df}sf kfPsf] lyPF . ;f]xL ;LknfO{
;dodf b]zdf hf/L dfcf]jfbL hgo'¢sf sf/0f ;j{;fwf/0f hgtfn] pkof]u ub{} cd]l/sfdf a;La;L g]kfnL PkmPdsf nflu sfo{qmd
ef]Ug'k/]sf ;d:of / ko{6g If]qdf To;n] kf/]sf] c;/af/] sflGtk'/ lgdf{0f u/L ;~rfng u/]F .
k|sfzgsf] c+u]|hL b}lgs bL sf7df08" kf]:6df d}n] n]vL k7fPsf] d ;g\\ @))* d] dlxgfdf cd]l/sf cfOk'u]sf] lyPF / cd]l/sfdf

25
cf}F jflif{sf]T;j

Pe/]:6 6fOD; klqsf k|sfzg ePsf] b]Vbf ;fx|} v';L nfUof] . d}n] Pe/]:6 6fOD;df n]v–/rgf tyf ;dfrf/ ;Dk|]ifgdfkm{t ;lqmo
klg s]xL n]v–/rgf n]Vg yfn]F / Pe/]:6 6fOD;df k7fPF . Pe/]:6 g} lyPF . o;} qmddf klqsfsf k|wfg;Dkfbs cfªl5l/ª z]kf{hLn]
6fOD;sf k|wfg;Dkfbs cfªl5l/ª z]kf{hLn] plrt :yfg lbP/ Pe/]:6 6fOD;sf] k|sfzg l6dd} ;+nUg eP/ sfd u/f}F eGg] k|:tfj
klqsfdf d]/f n]v–/rgfnfO{ :yfg lbg'eof] . cfˆgf] ;d'bfodf s]xL /fVg'eof] . pxfFsf] k|:tfjnfO{ d}n] Pp6f /fd|f] cj;/sf ¿kdf
sfo{qmd x'Fbf klg To;sf] l/kf]l6{ª klg uy{]+ . kl5kl5 cfˆgf] ;don] l:jsf/]F / ;g\ @)!% b]lv klqsfsf] k|aGw lgb]{zssf ¿kdf ;+nUg
EofP;Dd ;dfrf/ ;Dk|]ifg u/L Pe/]:6 6fOD;;Fu ;+nUg /xFb} cfP . x'Fb} cfPsf] 5' . cfkm"n] ;f]r] / rfx]hlt ;do lbg gkfP klg Pe/]:6
o;} bf}/fg k|wfg;DkfbshL / xfdLaLrsf] ;DaGw ;'dw'/ x'Fb} uof] . 6fOD;h:tf] nf]slk|o klqsfdf ;+nUg x'g kfpg' / o;} klqsfdfkm{t
cfªl5l/ª z]kf{hLn] g} g]kfn–cd]l/sf kqsf/ ;+3 -g]hf_ df ;+nUg g]kfnL efiff, ;+:s[lt / ;du| g]kfn cfdfk|lt yf]/} eP klg of]ubfg
x'g ;Nnfx lbg'eof] . pxfFs} ;Nnfxcg';f/ ;g\ @))* sf] Go' h;L{ lbg kfPsf]df v';L 5' . kf7sx¿sf] dfof / n]vs tyf ;h{sx¿sf]
/fHosf] P6NoflG6s l;6Ldf ;DkGg g]kfn–cd]l/sf kqsf/ ;+3 ;fy tyf ;xof]u ;b}j kfOof] eg] Pe/]:6 6fOD;nfO{ xfnsf] eGbf
-g]hf_sf] dxflwj]zgaf6 ljlwjt\ ¿kdf ;b:otf lnO{ ;lqmotfk"j{s cem w]/} :t/Lo / nf]slk|o agfpg xfdL nflukg{]5f}F eGg] ljZj:t kfg{
;+nUg ePF . kl5 ;g\ @)!@ df ;DkGg Xo':6g clwj]zgdf g]hfsf] rfxG5' . Pe/]:6 6fOD;nfO{ oxfF;Dd NofOk'¥ofpg ljleGg tj/af6
sfo{sf/L ;b:odf lgjf{lrt ePkl5 g]kfn–cd]l/sf kqsf/ ;+3df klg ;xof]u ug{'x'g] ;Dk"0f{ dxfg'efjx¿nfO{ k|aGw–lgb]{zssf] x}l;otaf6
b'O{jif{] sfo{sfn ;+3sf] sfo{;ldlt ;b:osf] x}l;otdf sfd u/]F . xflb{s wGojfb klg lbg rfxG5', wGojfb, ;j{d+und\ .[

kf7sx?sf] dd{ / kqsfl/tfsf] wd{cg'?k g]kfn /
k|jf;sf dxTjk"0f{ ljifoj:t' p7fg ub}{ ;a}sf] dg lhTg
;kmn o; Pe/]:6 6fOD;n] cfufdL lbgdf cem w]/} prfO{ nSofg nfdf, cWoIf
r'Dg ;sf];\ eGg] z'esfdgf JoQm ug{ rfxG5f}+.
gy{ cd]l/sg tfdfª P;f]l;o;g kl/jf/

26
cf}F jflif{sf]T;j

g]jf/ ;d'bfosf] a]n–ljjfx xfd|f]
;dfrf/ aGof] . z]kf{, u'?ª, tfdfª,
afx'g / If]qL ;d'bfosf rf8kj{ /
dxfo1 xfd|f] ;dfrf/ aGof] . lqml:rog
wdf{jnDaLsf] b]z cd]l/sfdf rr{ g}
lsg]/ g]kfnLn] u'Daf agfPsf] ;dfrf/ s]zjz/0f nfld5fg]
n]Vg xfdL lsg r'SYof}F / Û n]Vof}F .

h Gdg' dfq} 7"nf] s'/f xf]Og . afFlr/xg' dxTjk"0f{ xf] .
Pe/]:6 6fOD; klqsf hGdg' klg 7"nf] s'/f lyof] .
k/b]zL e"lddf kl;gf aufpg eg]/ k'u]sf] dfG5]nfO{
dft[e"ldsf] dfof x'g' / k};feGbf /fi6«, efiff tyf ;+:s[ltsf] k|]dn]
a9L ;tfpg' dxfg\ s'/f xf] . cfªl5l/ª z]kf{ / lji0f'k|;fb kf}8]nn]
ToxLa]nf cfªl5l/ª bfh'n] lxdfn cf/f]x0fsf ljifonfO{ ;dfrf/
agfpg'eof] . /fhgLlts, ;fdflhs, ;f+:s[lts, v]n, cy{, snf tyf
dgf]/~hgh:tf ljwf klg kqsfl/tfdf /fd|/L :yflkt eOg;s]sf]
hdfgf klg lyof] Tof] . ToxL hdfgfdf cfªl5l/ª bfOn] kjf{tf/f]x0f,
lxdfnL ultljlw, lxdfnL ;+:s[lth:tf] laNs'n df}lns ljwfdf
g]kfnL df6f]sf] dfofs} sf/0f Pe/]:6 6fOD; klqsf hGdfpg'ePsf] snd dfq} rnfpg'ePg, Tof] ljwfnfO{ g]kfnL kqsfl/tfsf] dxTjk"0f{
xf] eGg]df b'O{dt x'g ;Sb}g . :jb]zdf /xFbf pxfFx¿n] h'g k];f …la6Úsf ¿kdf :yflkt u/fpg'eof] .
cFufNg'eof] To;}nfO{ k/b]zL e"lddf lg/Gt/tf lbg] cfF6 sxfFaf6 n]Vg], k9\g] / ;/sf/L hflu/ vfg] dfgl;stf ePsf] ;d'bfos}
knfof] xf]nf < Tof] lgs} 7"nf] cfF6 xf] . ;b:ox¿ klg kqsfl/tfnfO{ k];f 7fGg ;Sb}gy] . sfd 7fGg ;Sb}gy] .
!) jif{cl3 z]kf{ / kf}8]nn] ;'? u/]sf] klqsf clxn] klg z]kf{ To; dfg]df ;f]nv ' D' a'sf] z]kf{ l76f]n] kqsfl/tfnfO{ k];f agfpg' g}
PSn}n] lg/Gt/tf lbO/xg'ePsf] 5 . pd]/, cg'ej / 1fg ;a} lx;fan] cfkm}Fdf ;dfrf/ lyof] . cfkm"n] h'g ljwfdf snd rnfO/x]sf] xf],
b'j}hgf d]/f cu|h / cfb/0fLo x'g'x'G5 . pxfFx¿n] cd]l/sfdf klg Tof] ljifodf n]vk9 ug{] afgL klg cfdg]kfnL kqsf/df ;fx|} sd
uP/ kqsfl/tf ug{'ePsf] s'/fn] pxfFx¿k|ltsf] d]/f] >4f emg\ a9]sf] e]l6G5 . /fhgLlts ljifodf snd rnfO/x]sf] kqsf/ /fhgLltzf:q
5 . To;dfly Pe/]:6 6fOD;df ;d]t cfa4 x'g kfpg' d]/f nflu k9]/ To;sf ;}4flGts 1fg a6'Ng]lt/ cu|;/ x'g} cN5L dfG5 .
hLjgsf] Pp6f uj{sf] ;do aGof] . v]ns'bdf To:t} 5, snf / cy{–jfl0fHolt/ klg To:t} 5 . t/, lxdfn
cfªl5l/ª z]kf{sf nflu kqsfl/tf k];f g} gf}nf] lyof] g]kfnd} . cf/f]x0faf/] snd rnfO{ /xFbf/xFb} ;u/dfyf lzv/ cf/f]x0f;d]t u/]/
pxfFsf] ;d'bfoaf6 lxdfn r9]sf] dfq} ;'lgGYof] . kqsfl/tfdf t cfªl5l/ª z]kf{n] csf{] sf];]9+u' f uf8\g] sfd ug{e' of] . pxfFn] lxdfn
d}n] ;'g]sf] klxnf] z]kf{ g} cfªl5l/ª z]kf{ xf] . sflGtk'/h:tf] cf/f]x0faf/] n]v]sf] ;dfrf/eGbf ljZj;gLo c¿ x'g} g;Sg] eof]
b]zs} sxlnPsf] /fli6«o b}lgs klqsfdf pxfFsf afOnfOg ;dfrf/ To;kl5 . lstfa} n]Vg'eof], …8]6nfOg rf]df]nf]ª\dfÚ . Tof] gjcfuGt's
d kf]v/f a;]/} kl9/xGy]F . kqsf/x¿sf nflu 7"nf] k|]/0ff aGof] . cd]l/sf k'lu;s]kl5 klg
g]kfn lxdfnL b]z eO{sg lxdfn cf/f]x0f w]/} g]kfnLsf kqsfl/tf ug{k' 5{ eg]/ s;}n] afWo kSs} kf/]sf] lyPg . cGt/cfTdfsf]
nflu g} cgf}7f] sd{ xf] . ;dfrf/ eg]s} g]tfsf efif0f, dGqLsf OR5fs} sf/0f km]l/ kqsfl/tfnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg'eof] .
efif0f / ;/sf/sf ultljlw dfq} eGg] hdfgf lyof] Tof] . cfªl5l/ª bfO;Fu d]/f] PstkmL{ lrgfhfgL lyof] . d kf]v/fd}

27
cf}F jflif{sf]T;j

/dfO/x]sf] lyPF . cWoogsf] l;nl;nfdf sf7df8f}+ /xFbf lji0f' eg]/ . xfdLn] g]kfnL ;+:s[ltnfO{ a9fjf lbof}F . cd]l/sfdf g]kfnL g]jf/
bfOn] cfªl5l/ª z]kf{ / cfkm"n] cd]l/sfaf6 g]kfnL klqsf lgsfNg ;d'bfosf] a]n–ljjfx xfd|f] ;dfrf/ aGof] . z]kf{, u'?ª, tfdfª, afx'g
nfu]sf] ;'gfpFbf d}n] kTof/ dfg]sf] lyOgF . kf]v/f 5Fb} cGgk"0f{ kf]:6df / If]qL ;d'bfosf rf8kj{ / dxfo1 xfd|f] ;dfrf/ aGof] . lqml:rog
Joj:yfksLo lhDd]jf/Ldf /xFbf klg a]nfa]nf lkmr/ Go'h n]lv/xg] wdf{jnDaLx¿sf] b]z cd]l/sfdf rr{ g} lsg]/ g]kfnLn] u'Daf agfPsf]
lji0f' bfOsf] afgL lyof] . To;}n] /x/ dfq} xf]nf eG7fg]sf] lyPF . ;dfrf/ n]Vg xfdL lsg r'SYof}F / Û n]Vof}F . ljZj ;fOsn ofqL km'tD]{ af
geGb} klqsf lgsfNg yfNg' klg eP5 . km]l/ d}n] Tof] lg/Gt/ rN5 z]kf{ klg xfd|f] ;dfrf/ ag] . g]kfnLsf ufx|f;] fx|f,] ;'vb'Mv xfd|f ;dfrf/
eGg] ljZjf; ul/gF . sf7df8f}+af6} s]xL of]ubfg ug{]lt/ ;f]Rb} ;f]lrgF . ag] . xfdLn] g]kfnL ;fd'bflos kqsfl/tf u¥of}F . Pe/]:6 6fOD;n]
Pslbg lji0f' bfOn] …xf]Og sfd t t}Fn] ug{}k¥of]’ eGg'eof] . g]kfnL efiff ;+/If0fdf csf6\o of]ubfg u/]sf] 5 . ;+:s[lt hLjGt /fVg
cfªl5l/ª bfOn] dnfO{ vf; glrGg'ePsf] x'Fbf pxfFn] dnfO{ ct'ngLo of]ubfg u/]sf] 5 .
z+sfsf] ;'ljwf kSs} lbg'ePsf] lyof] xf]nf eG7fG5' . pxfF;Fu klg s'/f Ps lbg cfªl5l/ª bfOn] kmf]g u/]/ g]q tfdfªaf/] ;f]Wg'eof] .
eof] . kqsfl/tfsf d"No–dfGotfsf ljifodf s'/f u¥of}F . Jofj;flos d / pgL gful/s b}lgsdf ;Fu} sfd uYof{}+ . gful/sd} pgn] cfˆgf]
kqsfl/tf ug{'ePsf] x'Fbf cfªl5l/ª bfOn] kqsfl/tfdflysf d]/f sndsf] sdfn b]vfO;s]sf lyP . g]kfndf d;lxt csf{] l/kf]6{/
wf/0ff ?rfpg'eof] . o'j/fh l3ld/] / gf/fo0f jfUn]h:tf g]kfnL /fVg] cfªl5l/ª bfOsf] k|:tfjdf g]qsf] gfd cfpFbf d cfkm}F emg\
kqsfl/tfsf lzv/ k'?ifx¿sf] lgi7fk"0f{ kqsfl/tfdf u'|ldª v';L ePF . b'O{efOsf] h'unaGbL lgs} hDof] . kl5 cWoogsf nflu
x'g'ePs}n] cfªl5l/ª z]kf{sf] k|wfg;DkfbsTjsf] Pe/]:6 6fOD;df kf]v/faf6 sf7df8f}+ cfOk'Ug'ePsf kqsf/ zf]efsfGt l;Ub]n klg
d}n] kqsfl/tfsf] k"0f{ Jofj;flostf a]xf]g{ kfPF . hf]l8g'eof] . tLg}hgfsf] tfnd]n cR5fvf;f aGof] .
VofnVofnd} Pe/]:6 6fOD;sf nflu g]kfnaf6 of]ubfg ug{] )^% af6 )&) ;fn;Dd Pe/]:6 6fOD;df g]kfnaf6 sfd u/L
dxTjk"0f{ lhDd]jf/L d]/f] sfFwdf cfof] . dnfO{ la;{gf 5}g, cfkm"n] /xFbf/xFb} u[xgu/ kf]v/f kmls{PF . cfkm"n] u/]sf] g]kfnsf] l/kf]l6{ªsf]
;'? u/]kl5sf] klxnf] c+ssf] se/ :6f]/L …ljb]zsf g]kfnLn] bf]xf]/f] ;+of]hgsf] lhDd]jf/L ;DxfNg] pQ/flwsf/L g]q tfdfªnfO{ kfpFbf
gful/stf gkfpg]Ú agfPsf] lyPF . Tof] cfkm}Fdf PS:Sn'l;e :6f]/L ;a}eGbf 9'Ss d cfkm}F lyPF . hf] pgn] kl5 cfkm}F k|dfl0ft ul/lbP .
eOxfNof] . b'j} bfOx¿nfO{ dg k¥of] . ToxfFsf kf7snfO{ rflxg] /, cfªl5l/ª tyf lji0f' bfO :jo+ v';L x'g'eof] . sfnfGt/df
vhfgf hf] lyof] Tof] . klqsfsf] lhDd]jf/L cfªl5l/ª bfOsf] sfFwdf dfq} cfOk'u]sf] yfxf
cd]l/sfdf a:g] g]kfnLnfO{ rflxg] ;"rgfd"ns ;fdu|Lsf ;fy;fy} kfPF . c¿ k];f–Joj;fo u/]sf] eP cfªl5l/ª bfOn] w]/} k};f
g]kfn stf uO/x]sf] 5 eGg] 5gs lbg] :6f]/L qmdzM 5flkg yfNof] . h'g sdfpg ;Sg'x'GYof] h:tf] nfU5 . t/, s]jn klqsf / kqsfl/tf dfq}
cfªl5l/ª / lji0f' bfOsf] rfxgf lyof] . :tDex¿ klg ;Nnfxdf ljleGg eg]/ pxfFn] o;}df cfˆgf] pj{/ ;do latfpg'ePsf] 5 . cem} pxfFsf]
y/L agfof}F . cd]l/sfsf g]kfnLsf] syfJoyf 5flkg yfNof] . w]/h } ;f] Tof] pT;fx emg\emg\ a9]sf] b]Vbf lgs} v';L x'G5', k|]l/t x'G5' .
t cfªl5l/ª bfO cfkm}F se/ :6f]/L cd]l/sfs} g]kfnL ljifoj:t'dfly cfh Pe/]:6 6fOD; bzsofqf k"/f u/L cufl8 a9\b} 5 eGg]
agfOxfNg'xG' Yof] . lji0f' bfOnfO{ klg km';b{ lgsfn]/ n]Vg s/ nfUYof] . va/n] k'nlst agfPsf] 5 . o; 38Ldf cfªl5l/ª / lji0f' bfh'x¿nfO{
g]kfnL efiffsf sIffx¿ rn]sf], g]kfnL v]ns'bsdL{n] k|lzIf0f lbO/x]sf], dL7f] ;Demgf . cfªl5l/ª z]kf{ bfOnfO{ d'/Ld'/L awfO{ 5 . sf]l6sf]l6
g]kfnL snfsf/x¿n] g]kfnL uLt ufP/ afFlr/x]sf] h:tf ;dfrf/ z'esfdgf klg . d g]kfn Ao'/f]df /x]/ sfd ubf{ d]/f] xf]:6]df x};F ] u/]sf
xfdLn] 5fKof}F . d otf cd]l/sf k9]/ g]kfnL kmls{O{ :jb]zd} gd'gf ;fyLx¿ kqsf/åo zf]efsfGt l;Ub]n, g]q tfdfª, l8hfOg/ k|sfz
sfd ul//x]sfx¿sf] :6f]/L uy{+] . cd]l/sL cg'ej a6'n/] kms{s ] f g]kfnL kf}8n
] nfO{ ;DemG5' . Pe/]:6 6fOD;sf] j]a;fO6 lgdf{0fdf nflukg{e' Psf
snfsf/, ;flxTosf/ / Joj;foLsf cGtjf{tf{ xfd|f kf7ssf nflu dL7f d]/f afn;vf dLg/fh u'?ªhlQsf] ;x[boL d]/f] arkg bf]:t csf{]
vhfgf ag] . xfdLn] g]kfnL k/Dk/fut kqsfl/tfdf h:tf] /fhgLltnfO{ sf]xL 5}g . sl7g 38Ldf ;fy lbP/ klqsfsf] l8hfOg pRrsf]l6sf]
klxnf] k|fyldstfdf /fv]gf}F . /fVof}F t s]jn cd]l/sfdf g]kfnL ;d'bfosf agfPsf lk|o ldq k|jL0f a'9fyf]sL hLjge/ ;lDem/xg] ;fyL ag]sf
ultljlw / pgLx¿nfO{ rf;f] x'g] g]kfnsf ljifo . vf;df Pe/]:6 6fOD; 5g\ . l8hfOlgª, n]vg, ;Dkfbg snf klg l;sLjl/ klqsfsf nflu
cd]l/sfdf g]kfnL efiff / ;+:s[ltsf] ;+j4{s aGof], kx/]bf/ aGof] . cxf]/fq ;fy lbPsL d]/L hLjg;fyL tf/f k'gsf] sd{ ;w}F :t'To 5 . km]l/
kqsfl/tf xf] g}, km]l/ efiff / ;+:s[ltsf] ;+j4{s . cd]l/sL ljZn]ifs klg awfO{ cfªl5l/ª bfO Û ;tt\ z'esfdgf Pe/]:6 6fOD;nfO{ ÛÛÛ[
gf]d rf]D:sLn] To;} sxfF eg]sf x'g,\ ‘ldl8of eg]sf] sNr/ OG8:6«L xf]’ -nfld5fg] cGgk"0f{ kf]:6 b}lgssf] u08sL k|b]z Ao'/f] k|d'v 5g\— ;+_

28
cf}F jflif{sf]T;j

jf:tjdf Go'of]s{ h:tf] clt
Jo:t ;x/df cfkm\gf] JolQmut /
kfl/jfl/s ;d:of ;dfwfg ub}{
klqsf rnfpg' lgs} r'gf}tLsf] ljifo
xf] . Pp6f g]kfnLn] cd]l/sfdf a;]/
OHhtsf ;fy klqsf k|sflzt ug{' ljs] g]jf
g]kfns} nflu uj{sf] ljifo xf] .

c d]l/sfsf] Go'of]s{af6 k|sflzt x'g] g]kfnL klqsf
Pe/]:6 6fOD;n] !)cf}F jif{ k"/f u/]sf] 5 .
Ps bzssf] lg/Gt/ k|sfzg;Fu} o; klqsfn]
cdl/sfdf /x]sf cfdg]kfnL / ljb]zLsf] ;d]t dg lhTg /
g]kfnLkg lbg ;kmn ePsf] 5 . o;sf nflu o;sf k|wfg;Dkfbs
Jojxf/nfO{ cfkm\gf] cfbz{ dfg]sf] 5 .
cd]l/sL ;/sf/sf] gLlt, lgod / sfg'gnfO{ cIf/zM kfngf
ub}{ k|sfzgnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbPsf] Pe/]:6 6fOD;n] cfk|jf;L;DaGwL
cd]l/sL ;/sf/sf ;a}vfn] ;"rgf, cfb]z, ;dfrf/ k|sflzt
ul/lbP/ cfk|jf;L g]kfnLnfO{ ;';"lrt ug]{ sfd u/]sf] 5 . sfddf
cfªl5l/ª z]kf{ wGojfbsf] kfq aGg'ePsf] 5 . Go'of]s{h:tf] Jo:t ePsf a]km';{bL g]kfnLn] ;xh} cd]l/sL ;/sf/sf ;a}vfn]
clt Jo:t ;x/af6 lg/Gt/ Ps bzs;Dd klqsf k|sfzg ug'{ / ;"rgf, lgod, cfb]z oxL klqsfdfkm{t hfgsf/L lng] u/]sf
cfdkf7ssf] dg lhTg ;kmn x'g' cfkm}Fdf uj{sf] ljifo xf] . 5g\ . Pe/]:6 6fOD;sf] cfkm\g} cgnfOg ;]jf klg 5 . o;n]
Pe/]:6 6fOD;sf] ;kmntfdf o'jf kqsf/ z]kf{hLsf] cys ubf{ l56f]eGbf l56f] ;"rgf, hfgsf/L, lgod, cfb]z, ;dfrf/
ldlxg]t, ;dk{0f / ;lqmotfn] d'Vo e"ldsf v]n]sf] 5 . cy{ kf7s;dIf k'¥ofpg emg\ ;lhnf] ePsf] 5 .
cefj, ;do cefjsf sf/0f b'O{ bzscl3b]lv oxfFaf6 k|sflzt e]befjljxLg ;b\efj :yfkgf u/L ;Dk"0f{ g]kfnLsf] ;'vb'Mvsf]
ePsf y'k|} kqklqsf aGb eP, s]xL kqklqsfn] k|sflzt eP klg ;fyL ag]sf] Pe/]:6 6fOD;n] g]kfnLx¿sf] dfq xf]Og ljb]zLsf]
lg/Gt/tf lbg ;s]sf 5}gg\ . h]gt]g k|sflzt ePsf s]xL klqsf ;d]t dg lhTg ;kmn ePsf] 5 . cfdkf7ssf] dfof, ddtf kfPsf]
aGb x'g] cj:yfdf 5g\, ahf/ lng ;s]sf 5}gg\ . t/, Pe/]:6 of] klqsfn] cfufdL lbgdf cfkm"nfO{ c¿ kl/is[t ub}{ k|sfzgnfO{
6fOD;n] rflxF lg/Gt/tf dfq kfPsf] 5}g cfdkf7ssf] dfof kfpg lg/Gt/tf lbg] ljZjf; / k|lta4tf JoQm ul/Psf] 5 .
;kmn ePsf] 5 . /fd|f] ahf/ lnPsf] cfdkf7ssf] Kof/f] klqsf jf:tjdf Go'of]s{h:tf] clt Jo:t ;x/df cfkm\gf] JolQmut
aGg ;kmn of] klqsfn] ;a}vfn] ljrf/, efiff, snf, ;+:s[ltnfO{ / kfl/jfl/s ;d:of ;dfwfg ub}{ klqsf rnfpg' lgs} r'gf}tLsf]
;dfg :yfg lbPsf] 5 . ;a} /fhgLlts bnsf] ljrf/n] klg plQs} ljifo xf] . klqsf rnfpg lgs} ldlxg]t ug'{k5{, cxf]/fq vl6g'k5{,
:yfg kfPsf] 5 eg] afx'g, If]qL, g]jf/, tfdfª, u'?ª, z]kf{, du/, lgs} ufx|f] xf] 5 klqsf rnfpg . k|wfg;Dkfbs z]kf{n] o;sf
/fO{, lnDa", dw];L, cflbjf;L, hghflt ;a}sf] efiff, ;+:s[lt, nflu kl;gf aufpg'ePsf] 5 . To;}sf] kmn:j¿k cd]l/sfdf
/xg;xg, rf8kj{nfO{ plQs} dxTj lbP/ k|sflzt ug]{ u/]sf] 5 . a;]sf g]kfnLn] cfkm\g} efiffsf] klqsf k9\g kfPsf 5g\ . Ps
lxGb" gf/Lsf] dxfg\ rf8 lth xf];\ jf du/sf] df3L of z]kf{sf] bzseGbf nfdf] ;do;Dd sflGtk'/ b}lgsdf sfd u/]sf] cg'ejn]
Nxf];f/ xf];\ jf cGo kj{x¿ ;a}sf nflu ;femf dfWod ag]sf] klg pxfFnfO{ sfd ug{ k|]l/t u/]sf] 5 . :jb]zL tyf ljb]zL
5 Pe/]:6 6fOD; . o;sf x/]s c+sdf g]kfnsf] wd{, ;+:s[lt / 1fgsf] vfgL kqsf/ z]kf{sf] of] k|z+;gLo sfo{sf] hlt k|z+;f
k/Dk/fnfO{ ;d]l6Psf] 5 . u/] klg ck'u x'G5 . ;a};Fu ldNg] v'aL, ldlxg]tL, d[b'efifL,
cd]l/sfdf 5l/P/ a;]sf g]kfnLnfO{ Pstfa4 ug{ ;xof]uL, ;x[boL pxfFn] cfdkf7ssf] dg lhTb} klqsfnfO{ cAan
dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]nsf] of] klqsfn] lxGb"wd{;DaGwL ultljlw, agfpg'ePsf] 5 . Pp6f g]kfnLn] cd]l/sfdf a;]/ OHhtsf ;fy
zflGtsf] k|tLs a'4wd{;DaGwL ljleGg ultljlw / Ozfg klqsf k|sflzt u/L gfd sdfpg' g]kfns} nflu uj{sf] ljifo xf] .
wdf{jnDaLsf] kj{nfO{ klg plQs} dxTj lbP/ Jofj;flos ctM Pe/]:6 6fOD; !)cf}F jif{ k|j]zsf] of] ;'vb
kqsfl/tfsf] gd'gf sfo{ u/]sf] 5 . wfld{s ;lxi0'ftfnfO{ hf]8 cj;/df klqsfsf] pQ/f]Q/ k|ult Pj+ ;d[l4sf] xflb{s
lbPsf] Pe/]:6 6fOD;n] zflGt, ;b\efj, d]nldnfk / d}qLk"0f{ z'esfdgf JoQm ub{5' .[

29
cf}F jflif{sf]T;j

30
cf}F jflif{sf]T;j

g]kfnLx¿sf] afSnf] rxnkxn x'g]
HofS;g xfO6\;lt/sf /]:6'/]G6 tyf Go'h
:6\ofG8x¿af6 lgMz'Ns oL klqsf lnP/
k9\g kfOG5 . g]kfndf klqsf lgMz'Ns
lbg] xf] eg] xf/fn'5 g} x'GYo Dd klg
klqsfsf] rfª TolQs} y'lk|/x]sf] b]lvG5 . Jofs'n kf7s

Go' of]s{sf] ONdx:6{l:yt lSjG; nfOa|]/Ldf
tLgdlxg] c+u|]hL efiff l;sfOkl5 ToxfFsf]
dfgj ;+;fwg zfvf x]g]{ ;/fxn] ljleGg
b]zaf6 cfPsf xfdL k|lzIffyL{nfO{ 5'§f5'§} e]6]/ cfˆgf] b]zdf /xFbf
;Dxfn]sf] k];f / xfd|f ?lrsf ljifodf hfgsf/L lnOg\ .
klg :t/Lo sfd oxfFsf /}yfg] cd]l/sLs} k|fyldstfdf kbf]{ /x]5 .
To;df klg cd]l/sfsf] kqsfl/tf ug{ efiffn] dfq k'Ug] s'/} ePg .
cd]l/sfsf] /xg;xg, ;"rgf tyf ;"rg;|f]t;Dd kx'Fr k'¥ofpg ;fgf]
ldlxg]t / 5f]6f] a;fOn] ;Dej gx'g] s'/f klg d}n] oltGh]ndf
yfxf kfO;s]sf] lyPF .
cd]l/sfdf k':tsfno s]jn k':ts k9\g] ynf] dfq geO{ …Go'of]s{af6 g]kfnL efiffdf klg s]xL klqsf k|sflzt x'Fbf
To;eGbf w]/} /x]5 . efiff k|lzIf0f, ;fdflhs sfo{, ;d'bfosf] /x]5g\,Ú ;/fxn] pT;flxt x'Fb} elgg\, …To;df tkfO{+n] sfd kfpg]
Ifdtf j[l4, ;/;kmfO cleofg, /Qmbfg, a]/f]huf/nfO{ /f]huf/Lsf] 7"nf] ;Defjgf 5 .Ú
kxn;d]t k':tsfnon] ul/lbFbf] /x]5 . pgsf] pT;fxn] d]/f] d'xf/df km}lnPsf] v';L lgd]ife/ klg
g]kfndf /xFbf d]/f] k];f / ?lrsf] hfgsf/L lnO;s]kl5 pgL cl8g ;s]g . pgsf] gh/ sDKo'6/ l:qmgd} lyof] . u'un ub}{ pgn]
u'un u/]/ clg k':tsfnosf] clen]vdf /x]sf ;"rgf kN6fP/ ;'gfOg\– …olb tkfO{+ rfxg'x'G5 eg] d oxfFsf] g]kfnLefifL klqsfsf
d]/f nflu sfdsf] vf]hL ug{ yflng\ . Psl5gkl5 pgn] cfˆgf] k|sfzs;Fu ;Dks{ u/fOlbg]5' .Ú
vf]hLsf] glthf ;'gfOg\– …ld:6/ kf7s Û tkfO{+sf nflu Go'of]s{df ;/fxn] u'unaf6 kQf nufPsL klqsf / ltgsf
/fd|f] ;Defjgf 5 .Ú ;Dkfbs÷k|sfzs d]/f nflu ckl/lrt lyPgg\ . g]kfnaflx/af6
;du| cd]l/sfd}, To;df klg ljZjs} dxfgu/ Go'of]s{df g]kfnL efiffdf h]–hlt klqsf k|sflzt eO/x]sf 5g\, ltgLx¿
cfˆgf] ?lrsf] sfd kfpg d'l:sn /x]sf] hfgsf/L d}n] otf clwsf+z d]/f lr/kl/lrt ldqs} sdflG8ªdf ;~rflnt 5g\ .
cfPsf] s]xL dlxgfd} kfO;s]sf] lyPF . ;'?df oxfF sfd kfpg] sltko klqsfdf t d}n] g]kfnaf6 a]nfa]nfdf ;xof]u klg
eg]sf] slGelgoG6 :6f];{, /]:6'/]G6, Uof; :6];gd} /x]5 . w]/}h;f] k'¥ofPsf] lyPF . otf cfPkl5 klg s]xL n]vx¿ n]lvlbPsf] lyPF /
g]kfnL o:t}df sfd ul//x]sf /x]5g\ . o;eGbf k/lt/ uf8L x'g]n] d]/faf/]sf] ;dfrf/ k|sflzt x'Fb} cfPsf 5g\ .
pa/ -cgnfOg 6\ofS;L_ rnfpg] ubf{ /x]5g\ . k|jf;af6 g]kfnL efiffdf kqklqsf tyf Go'h kf]6{n s;/L
n]vk9eGbf c¿ s'g} sfd ghfg]sf]÷gu/]sf] d]/f nflu tL ;~rfng eO/x]sf 5g\ eGg] hfgsf/L yf]/ax't g]kfn /xFb} kfPsf]
sfd eg]sf] kmnfdsf] lrp/f;/x x'g] cg'dfg ul//x]sf] lyPF . lyPF . Go'of]s{ cfPkl5 HofS;g xfO6\; jl/kl/ lgMz'Ns kfOg]
oxfFsf] kqsfl/tf ug{ efiff afws alglbGYof] . efiffn] ;fy lbP klqsf cWoog / tL klqsfsf ;~rfns;Fusf] s'/fsfgLaf6

31
cf}F jflif{sf]T;j

oyfy{sf] cem} glhs k'u]sf] lyPF . k|jf;sf] kqsfl/tf /fd|f] xf]nf eGg] lemgf] e|d ddf /x]sf] lyof] .
;f];n ldl8of -km];a's, 6\jL6/, OG:6«fu|fd cflb_sf] a9\bf] Go'of]s{ cfPkl5 kqsf/ tyf ;~rf/ pBdL ldqx¿ lji0f'
k|of]u / nf]slk|otfsf sf/0f k/Dk/fut ldl8ofx¿ -klqsf, /]l8of], kf}8]n, cfªl5l/ª z]kf{, ljho kf}8]n, ls/0f d/x7\7f, Hof]lts'df/
6]lnlehg_n] ;+;f/e/af6} la:tf/} cl8oG; u'dfO/x]sf 5g\ . >]i7, lgdf kflv|gx¿;Fu ;Dks{kl5 oyfy{ l:ylt v'Nb} uof] .
cl8oG; u'dfPkl5 oL ;~rf/dfWodn] k|fKt ug]{ lj1fkg klg sd jf:tjdf k|jf;df /x]/ kqsfl/tf ug'{ g]kfndf eGbf s}of}F u'0ff
x'Fb} hfg' :jfefljs xf] . ldl8ofsf] k|d'v cfly{s ;|f]t lj1fkgdf sl7g /x]5 . g]kfndf kqsfl/tf u/]/ Pp6f prfO agfO;s]sf
c+s'z nfu]kl5 oL dfWod ;~rfng ug{ sl7gfO x'G5 / o;df ldl8ofsdL{x¿ kl/l:yltjz otf cfpg'kbf{ cfˆgf] ?lrnfO{ dfg{
cfl>t hgzlQmn] j}slNks k];f cFufNg] cyjf yf]/} kfl/>ldsdf g;Sbf dfq klqsf rnfO/x]sf /x]5g\ .
lrQ a'emfpg'sf] ljsNk /xFb}g . dnfO{ hfgsf/L eP;Dd clxn] Go'of]s{af6 Pe/]:6 6fOD;,
g]kfnsf] ldl8ofdf ;+jfbbftfb]lv ;~rfns;Ddsf] ofqf ljZj ;Gb]z, v;f]vf;h:tf 5fkf klqsf k|sfzg eO/x]sf 5g\ .
ubf{ 5fkf, ljB'tLo dfWod / cgnfOgsf syf–JoyfnfO{ d}n] oL klqsfdf g]kfndf h:tf] s'g} d"No pNn]v ePsf x'Fb}gg\ .
glhsaf6 cg'ej u/]sf] 5' . hlt sl7gfO eP klg cfˆgf] ?lrsf] g]kfnLsf] afSnf] rxnkxn x'g] HofS;g xfO6\;lt/sf /]:6'/]G6 tyf
ljifo oxL ePsf] / n]Vg'÷k9\g'afx]s cGo sfd ghfg]sfn] Go'h :6\ofG8x¿af6 lgMz'Ns ¿kdf oL klqsf lnP/ k9\g kfOG5 .
kl5Nnf ;dodf emg\emg\ hlt;'s} sl7gfO cfP klg d o; g]kfndf klqsf lgMz'Ns ljt/0f ul/g] xf] eg] xf8fn'5 g} x'GYof]
k];faf6 ljd'v x'g ;ls/x]sf] lyOgF . ;fob g]kfnsf dfq x}g xf]nf, t/ oxfF k|sfzg ePsf] s}of}F lbg;Dd klg klqsfsf] rfª
;+;f/el/s} ldl8ofsdL{n] oxL lgolt ef]lu/x]sf 5g\– gvfpF eg] TolQs} y'lk|/x]sf] b]lvG5 . klqsf k9\g] km';{b oxfFsf g]kfnLn]
lbgel/sf] l;sf/, vfpF eg] eg] sfG5f afa'sf] cg'xf/ Û lgsfNg ;ls/x]sf 5}gg\, pgLx¿nfO{ ?lr 5}g cyjf klqsfn]
ldl8of If]qsf o:t} ;d:ofs} sf/0f x'g'k5{ s]xL ;docl3 kf7ssf] rfxgfcg';f/ ;fdu|L kl:sg ;ls/x]sf 5}gg\ < sf/0f
ul/Psf] Pp6f ;j]{If0fdf ;+;f/sf] ;a}eGbf uPu'h|]sf] k];fdf d}n] kQf nufpg ;ls/x]sf] 5}g .
ldl8of l/kf]l6{ª ePsf] hfgsf/L cfPsf] lyof] . of] hfGbfhfGb} Go'of]s{df dfq g]kfnLsf] ;+Vof krf;f}F xhf/ k'lu;s]sf]
klg ;dfhnfO{ ;';"lrt ug]{ cfˆgf] bfloTj / k];fk|ltsf] st{JonfO{ 5 . k|jf;df g]kfnL efiffsf k':ts÷klqsfk|lt emg} dfof / ?lr
cfTd;ft\ u/]/ clg cfˆgf] ?lrsf] jzdf k/]/ ;+;f/e/sf kqsf/ a9\g'kg]{ xf] . To;f] ePsf] eP oxfFaf6 k|sflzt klqsfsf] ahf/
Pj+ k|sfzs ldl8ofsd{af6 ljd'v x'g ;ls/x]sf 5}gg\ . 7"nf] x'g'kg]{ xf] . k};f lt/]/} klqsf laqmL x'g'kg]{ h:tf] klg dnfO{
g]kfndf x'Fbf dnfO{ klg Pp6f e|d lyof] k|jf;sf] nfU5 . olb To;f] x'g ;s]sf] eP klqsf rnfpg sl7gfO x'g]
kqsfl/tfk|lt . obfsbf pknAw x'g] 5fkfk|lt / k|foM cgnfOgdf lyPg . t/, lsg xf] s'lGg oxfFsf g]kfnLnfO{ klqsfk|lt Tolt
b]lvg] l8lh6n ;+:s/0f x]bf{ g]kfndf eGbf /fd|};Fu ;~rflnt rf;f] g} gePsf] kfPF . ;do gePsfn] o;f] ePsf] xf] ls eGg
eO/x]sf] h:tf] nfUYof] . lsgls tL klqsfn] g]kfnsf klqsfn] klg ldNb}g . ?lr x'g] xf] eg] /]nofqfdf dhfn] klqsf k9\g
eGbf klg a9L lj1fkg kfO/x]sf b]lvGy] . klqsf /fd|f];Fu ;lsG5, t/ /]ndf klg s;}n] g]kfnL klqsf kl9/x]sf] b[Zo
;~rfngsf nflu ^) k|ltzt lj1fkg x'g'kg]{ dfGotf 5, t/ s'g} clxn];Dd b]Vg kfPsf] 5}g .
c+sdf t k|jf;sf klqsfn] Tof]eGbf klg a9L lj1fkg kfO/x]sf g]kfnL efiffsf klqsfsf] dfq x}g cGo efiffsf klqsfsf]
b]lvGYof] . cj:yf klg o:t} /x]5 . HofS;g xfO6\; jl/kl/ lxGbL, a+ufnL,
k|sfzg k|jf;af6 eP klg tL klqsfsf] n]vg, ;Dkfbg :kflg; efiffsf klqsf klg lgMz'Ns ljt/0fsf nflu /flvPsf]
tyf l8hfOgsf] sfd sf7df8f}+af6 x'g] u/]sf 5g\ . g]kfnsf] s'g} b]Vg ;lsG5, t/ kf7snfO{ logLx¿n] klg cfslif{t ug{ ;ls/x]sf
ldl8ofdf sfd ug]{ ldl8ofsdL{n] g} tL klqsfsf nflu sfd ug]{ 5}gg\ . oL klqsfn] ablnFbf] kf7s ?lr ;d]6\g g;s]sf x'g\ cyjf
x'Fbf pgLx¿sf] cfo;|f]tdf 6]jf k'lu/x]sf] ;To klg v'nf 5 . ;f];n ldl8ofnfO{ lhTg g;s]sf x'g\, k|Zgsf] ;dfwfg cem}
g]kfnL ldl8of xfp;nfO{ dlxgf dgf{;fy tna lbg sl7g k5{, eO;s]sf] 5}g .
t/ k|jf;af6 ;dod}, g]kfndf k"0f{sfnLg sfd u/]sf] eGbf klg Go'of]s{af6 k|sflzt x'g] g]kfnL efiffsf klqsfsf cfsf/
/fd|f] tna k7fO/x]sf] hfgsf/L klg dnfO{ lyof] . o; lx;fan] x]bf{ df]6} b]lvg] eP klg :yfgLo ;dfrf/eGbf g]kfns} /fhgLlt,

32
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31
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34
cf}F jflif{sf]T;j

clxn]s} cj:yfdf cd]l/sfdf
g]kfnL efiffsf] kqsfl/tf dfq
u/]/ hLjg rnfpgsf nflu
rdTsf/ g} x'g'kb{5 . clxn]
cd]l/sfdf xfdL ;fd'bflos
kqsfl/tf ub}{ 5f}F . xfd|f] nlIft lji0f'xl/ l3ld/]
ju{ g]kfnLefifL ;d'bfo g} xf] .

;d'bfonfO{ cft+lst gkf/f}F
; DemFbf cl:t ev{/h:tf] nfU5, t/ ;do s'lb/x]sf]
5, cfkm\g} ultdf . ljZjsf] 5fgf] ;u/dfyfdf
kfOnf /fVg] klxnf] blIf0f Pl;ofnL kqsf/df
bl/Psf cfªl5l/ª z]kf{n] csf]{ r'r'/f] cf/f]x0f u/]sf 5g\ . k|jf;L
kqsfl/tfdf Ps bzs, Pe/]:6 6fOD; klqsf bz jif{sf] eof],
cem o;nfO{ o;/L klg egf}F, rnlrq jf gf6ssf snfsf/
h:t} xf] xfd|f] hLjg . lgb]{zsn] klxn] g} n]lvlbPcg';f/
clego ug]{, snfsf/nfO{ yfxf x'G5 syfsf] cGTo sxfF, slxn]
/ s;/L x'G5, p;n] clego ug'{cl3 syf k9\g kfPsf] x'G5 .
jf:tljs hLjgdf Tof] syf k9\g] ;'ljwf x'Fb}g . xfdL xfd|f]
cd]l/sfdf hlGdPsf] . syfdf n]lvPcg';f/sf] clego ug{ clxn] ljb]zL e"lddf 5f}F .
To;f] t kl5Nnf] ;do g]kfndf h:t} cd]l/sfdf klg …Ps o;}nfO{ sd{e"ld agfPsf 5f}F .
kqsf/ Ps ldl8ofÚ 6«]g g} b]lvPsf] 5 . s'g} /fhgLlts bn, To;f] t dfgj pTklQ / ;Eotfsf] Oltxf; kN6fpg] xf] eg]
;+3;+:yf, Jofkf/–Joj;fo ;'? x'g' 7"nf] s'/f ePg, d'VotM Tof] klg of] hflt lgs} rnfodfg xf] . cj;/sf] vf]hLdf of] hfltn]
slt;Dd lg/Gt/tf x'G5 eGg] xf] . kfOnf rfn]sf]–rfn]s} u5{ . km/s s] xf] eg] lxhf]sf lbgdf
Pp6f >dhLjL kqsf/sf nflu of] sfo{ klg ;u/dfyf af9Lklx/f]af6 ;'/Iff, lkpg] kfgLsf] ;|f]t, pAhgL x'g] df6f], h+unL
plSnPh:t} r'gf}tLk"0f{ xf] . elgG5, ;u/dfyf r9\geGbf ToxfF hgfj/af6 ;'/lIft 7fpFsf] vf]hLdf dfG5] x'GYof] .
l6Sg ufx|f], Tof]eGbf klg cf]n{g emg\ ufx|f] . lxdfn cf/f]x0f lj1fgsf] rfdTsfl/s cfljisf/kl5 dfG5]sf] k|fyldstfdf
cfªl5l/ªn] ef]u]sf 5g\, d}n] t ;'g]sf] dfq . klqsf hGdfpg' / klg km/s cfPsf] 5 . ufpFaf6 ;b/d'sfd, 7"nf ;x/, /fhwfgL x'Fb}
x'sf{pg'df klg d p:t} xf] . ljZjsf] ;'ljwf;DkGg b]zdf kfOnf k'Ug] u/]sf 5g\ . …cj;/sf]
;a} s'/f 7Ls x'Fbf] xf] t, g Pe/]:6 6fOD; b]zÚ cd]l/sfdf g]kfnLsf] ;+Vof lbglbg} ylkFb} 5 . of] ;+Vofdf
cd]l/sfsf] Go'of]s{af6 k|sflzt x'GYof], g t of] n]v g} . kqsf/ klg pNn]Vo 5g\ . g]kfnL kqsf/ cfP;Fu} cd]l/sfnfO{
xfdLn] ljleGg sf/0fn] d'n's 5f8]sf xf}F, g9fF6L eGbf sfo{If]q dfg]/ g]kfnL efiffdf cfd;~rf/sf dfWod v'Ng] qmd
knfogjfbL . o;/L knfogjfbL x'g'df xfdL ;a}sf] cf–cfkm\g} klg a9\b} uPsf] 5 . of] Pp6f /fd|f] kIf xf] . t/, ;+Vof ylkP;Fu}
syf 5g\ . syf gx'g] dfG5] g} x'Fb}gg\ . km/s olt xf], s;}sf] ;d:of klg ylkPsf 5g\ .
syf n]vlG5, s;}sf] n]lvFb}g . d'Vo s'/f xfdL lsg / s;sf nflu kqsfl/tf ub}{ 5f}F eGg]

35
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xf] . clxn]s} cj:yfdf cd]l/sfdf g]kfnL efiffsf] kqsfl/tf )$^ ;fnsf] /fhgLlts kl/jt{g x'g'cl3;Dd g]kfnL
dfq u/]/ hLjg rnfpgsf nflu rdTsf/ g} x'g'k5{ . ldl8of kqsfl/tf Pp6f ld;g lyof] . g]kfndf k|hftGq Nofpg', k|];
rNgsf nflu kf7s, bz{s / >f]tfsf ;fy;fy} cfly{s ;|f]t klg :jtGqtf kfpg' . cd]l/sfdf g]kfnL kqsf/sf] ld;g ;d'bfosf]
cfjZos kb{5 . clxn] cd]l/sfdf xfdL ;fd'bflos kqsfl/tf lxt g} x'g'kb{5 . h;/L ufpFsf] dfG5] ;x/ cfpFbf cndlnG5 To:t}
ub}{ 5f}F . xfd|f] nlIft ju{ g]kfnLefifL ;d'bfo g} xf] . g]kfnL xf] xfd|f]h:tf] t];|f] ljZjsf dflg;sf nflu cd]l/sf .
;d'bfo g]kfnL efiffsf ;of}F ldl8of kfNg ;Sg] u/L cfly{s dfly klg pNn]v u/]F, syf ;a}sf cf–cfkm\g} 5g\ . sf]xL
¿kdf tof/ ePsf] 5}g . clns l56f] cfP cd]l/sf sf]xL l9nf] cfP / cfpg] qmd hf/L
To;f] eP kqsfl/tf lsg ug]{ eGg] klg k|Zg cfpF5 . 5, Tof] ;Fu;Fu} g]kfnL efiffsf] ldl8of v'Ng] / aGb x'g] qmd klg
kqsfl/tf gfkmfsf] Jofkf/ dfq xf]Og . of] Pp6f ;]jf klg plQs} 5 . of] qmd rnL g} /xG5, To;df qmde+u ug'{kg]{ eg]sf]
xf] . o;sf nflu g]kfnL kqsfl/tfsf] ;'?jftL jif{tkm{ kms{g cfkm\gf] ldl8of rnfpg g]kfnL ;d'bfonfO{ clt/l~ht / cft+lst
kb{5 . g]kfnL kqsfl/tfsf] klxnf] k':tf kqsfl/tf u/]/ …hLjg agfpg aGb ug'{ xf] .
rnfpFnfÚ eg]/ of] k];fdf nfu]sf] sd} kfOG5 . h;/L …cGoÚ cfkm\gf …lgoldt lj1fkgbftfx¿sf]Ú lgolt k"/f
If]qaf6 u'hf/f rnfpFb} uLt, ;+uLt, snf, ;flxTodf nfu]sf u/fpg, pgLx¿sf] u|fxs a9fpg ;dfhnfO{ t;f{pg] vfnsf
e]l6G5g\ kqsfl/tf klg To:t} xf] . sltsf nflu of] ;f]v t ;fdu|L lbFbf xfdLnfO{ If0fe/sf nflu cfly{s nfe t xf]nf,
sltsf nflu g;f . t/ To;n] ;dfhdf e|d l;h{gf u/fpF5 . Pe/]:6 6fOD; To:tf

It’s not just what you
do, it’s who you do it for.

We are in your
community helping
you plan for the
future, so that you
and your loved ones
keep enjoying all
the good in life.

Sonam T. Baruwa, LUTCF
Agent
New York Life
Insurance Company
CA Insurance Lic #0E17265
9525 Queens Blvd.
4th Floor
Rego Park, NY 11374
(917) 526-8270
stbaruwa@ft.newyorklife.com

©2016 New York Life Insurance Company,
51 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10010
Keep Good Going™ is a trademark of New York Life
Insurance Company, all rights reserved.

37-51 75 street,1st Fl
Jackson Height NY-11373
Life Insurance. Retirement. Long-Term Care.
email: mlneupane@gmail.com

36
cf}F jflif{sf]T;j

6]S;;, Soflnkmf]lg{ofnufot /fHodf
:yflkt g]kfnL wfld{s d7dlGb/n]
g]kfnL x'g'sf] k|ult hlt cufl8 b]lvG5
Tolts} ¿kdf cd]l/sL d"nwf/sf]
Joj:yfdf k:g ;s] g]kfnLx¿sf]
uf}/jsf] ufyf aGb} hfg] lyof] . ef]nf cfrfo{

%) sf] bzslt/ g]kfnLx¿ cd]l/sfdf k|j]z
u/]sf] eGg] tYofª\sn] b]vfpF5 . ;g\ !($&
df cd]l/sf;Fu bf}To ;DaGw ;'? ePkl5
g]kfnLx¿sf] cd]l/sL ofqf k|f/De ePsf] lyof] . ;g\ !(^) sf]
clk|n @& k"j{/fhf dx]Gb| jL/ljqmd zfx / ;]K6]Da/ @@ df k"j{kd| aLkL
t/, clGtd k|lt:kwf{df /]UdL l/klAnsg kf6L{af6 k/flht eOg\ .
To;}u/L bz{g /f}lgof/, hLjg ltjf/Lnufotn] cd]l/sL /fhgLltdf
k|lt:kwf{ ul/;s]sf 5g\ .
d"nwf/s} s'/f ubf{ ;l~htf k|wfg o;cl3 k"j{/fi6«klt cf]afdfsf]
Pl;of Kof;]lkmsaf6 /fhgLlts ;Nnfxsf/ ePsL lyOg\ . d]l/NofG8
sf]O/fnfsf] lelh6n] g]kfnLx¿sf] cd]l/sf k|j]zdf cfsif{0f a9\of] . /fHoaf6 pkd]o/ ag]sf ls/0f l;6f}nf cd]l/sL d"nwf/sf] Joj:yfdf
;g\ !(%( df g]kfndf cd]l/sL /fhb"tfjf; v'n]kl5 klg l5g]{ g]kfnL d"nsf JolQm x'g\ . cd]l/sfsf] d]l/NofG8 /fHol:yt
cd]l/sf cfpg] g]kfnLsf] ;+Vof guGo lyof] . oltj]nf cd]l/sf OlG8og x]8 l;6Ldf ePsf] @)!% sf] sfplG;nsf] lgjf{rgdf g]kfnL
cfpg]x¿ ;e|fGt kl/jf/ ljz]ifu/L /fhf, /f0ff / s]xL /fhgLlts d"nsf ls/0f l;6f}nf pkd]o/ kbdf lgjf{rg ePsf x'g\ .
tyf Joj;foLsf kl/jf/sf ;b:o lyP . ;g\ !(() df tTsfnLg of] kbdf ljhoL xfl;n u/]sf] g]kfnL gful/sn] klxnf]k6s xf] .
cd]l/sL /fi6«klt hh{ a';sf kfnfdf Oldu|];g PS6 cfPkl5 cd]l/sfl:yt cf]xfof] lj;lnog o'lgel;{6Laf6 cG8/u|Øfh'P6 u/]sf
g]kfnLx¿sf] k|j]zdf yk ;+Vof a9\g yfNof] . l;6f}nf ;g\ @))) df d]l/NofG8df kg]{ OlG8og x]8 l;6Ldf a:b} cfPsf
Joj:yfsf cfwf/df v'n]sf] l8eL lr6\7fn] oxfF cfpg] g]kfnLsf] 5g\ . o'lgel;{6L ckm d]l/NofG8af6 8]6fa]; 6]Sgf]nf]hLdf :gftsf]Q/
;+Vof XjfQ} a9\of] . @)!& ;Dd cd]l/sfdf :yfoL a;f]af; ug]{ ;sfPsf pgL /fh:j ljefudf cfO6LcGtu{t cf]afdf s]o/sf] k|f]h]S6
g]kfnLsf] ;+Vof ! nfv @! xhf/ ^ ;o ! /x]sf] kl5Nnf] tYofª\sn] Dofg]h/ klg x'g\ . o;/L d"nwf/sf] Joj:yfdf l5g]{ k|of; gePsf
b]vfpF5 . / :yfoL a;f]af; s'/]/ a;]sf g]kfnLsf] ;+Vof yk b'O{ xf]Ogg\, t/ t'ngfTds lx;fan] Psbd} sd 5 . ;g\ @)!$ h'g !@ df
nfvsf] xf/fxf/Ldf /x]sf] ck'i6 tYofª\sx¿ 5g\ . g]kfnL d"nsf df]xg u'?ªn] jfl;ª6g /fHodf Pl;of–k|zfGt cd]l/sL
cd]l/sfdf a:g] g]kfnL hlt w]/} 5g\, Tolt g} sd d"nwf/sf] dfldnf;DaGwL cfof]udf cfo'Qmsf] lhDd]jf/L kfP .
cd]l/sL hLjgdf 5g\ . cem egf}F eg] guGo g]kfnLx¿sf] k|ltlglwTj cd]l/sL /fhgLlts k|zf;gdf ;Ddfg kfpg] df]xg u'?ª klxnf]
5 cd]l/sL d"nwf/sf] Joj:yfdf . oltv]/ d"nwf/sf] cd]l/sL g]kfnL x'g\ . ;g\ @)!% df jfl;ª6g /fHodf ;~rflnt :s'nx¿df
/fhgLltdf l5g{ vf]Hb} 5g\ g]kfnL d"nsf Xof/L -PraL_ e08f/L . !@ sIff;Dd g]kfnL efiffn] dfGotf kfof] . k|fWofkg, d]l8sn,
d]l/NofG8 /fHosf] n]lu:n]l6e l8l:6«S6 * af6 8]df]qm]l6s kf6L{sf cfO6L, ljQLonufot If]qdf klg g]kfnLx¿sf] k|j]z gePsf] xf]Og .
tkm{af6 :6]6 8]lnu]6sf] k|fOd/L 5gf]6df ;kmn x'Fb} pgL cufl8 8f= tf/f lg/f}nfn] cd]l/sfsf] rlr{t sf]nlDaof ljZjljBfnodf
a9]sf 5g\ . o;cl3, ;f]xL kf6L{af6 cd[tf /]UdLn] …hlh{of xfp; cWofkg ug]{ df}sf kfP . To:t} Soflnkmf]lg{ofsf] :rfG8kmf]8{
ckm /]k|]h]G6]l6E; l8l:6«S6 !%Ú sf] k|f/lDes r'gfj lht]sL lyOg\ . ljZjljBfnodf klg ;jgd sf]O/fnf / lht hf]zL l8g eP/ bIftf

37
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b]vfO;s]sf 5g\ . c¿ s]xL pbfx/0f klg 5g\ xfd|f k|of;sf, t/ o:tf 5}gg\ cd]l/sfdf /x]sf] g]kfnL ;d'bfo . oxfFsf] 7"nf] ;+:yf eg]sf]
k|of;nfO{ xfdL cfkm}Fn] cf]em]n kf/]sf klg 5f}F . kqsfl/tf If]qaf6 Pgcf/Pg klg g]kfns} d'2fdf a9L ;+3if{ ul//x]sf] 5 .
klg ls/0f If]qLsf] cd]l/sL 6]lnlehg l;PgPg;Fusf] cfa4tfn] 6]S;;, Soflnkmf]lg{ofnufot /fHodf :yflkt g]kfnL wfld{s
g]kfnL d"nsf k];fsdL{sf] klg d"nwf/sf] ldl8ofdf ;xeflutf ;'? d7dlGb/n] g]kfnL x'g'sf] k|ult hlt cufl8 b]lvG5, Tolts} ¿kdf
u/]sf] b]vfP klg o;afx]s c¿ pbfx/0f e]l6Fb}gg\ . cd]l/sL d"nwf/sf] Joj:yfdf k:g ;s] g]kfnLx¿sf] uf}/jsf]
To;f] t oxfF g]kfnLx¿ cfˆgf] ;d'bfok|lt lgs} ;+ul7t ufyf aGb} hfg] lyof] . cem} klg cfˆg} ;d'bfo, Tof] klg g]kfnL
b]lvG5g\ . oL ;+u7g cfˆgf] ;d'bfodf lgs} k|efjsf/L /x] klg ;d'bfoleq} ;Lldt x'g] xf] eg] krf;sf] bzsdf to ePsf] xfd|f]
cd]l/sL d"nwf/df vf;} k|efj /fVb}gg\ . ;fdflhs P]gcGtu{t ofqf uGtJodf k'Ug lgs} ;do nfUg] b]lvG5 . ;a}n] cf–cfˆgf]
btf{ eP/ g]kfnsf] /fhgLltnfO{ lnP/ lqmofzLn hg;Dks{ ;ldlt, 7fpFaf6 d"nwf/sf] Joj:yfdf k'Ug] ;fx; u/f}F / jt{dfg cj:yfdf
k|jf;L g]kfnL d~r ;+:yfx¿sf] cd]l/sL d"nwf/sf] /fhgLltdf eg] xfd|f] k|ltlglwTj ub}{ cufl8 a9]sfnfO{ xf};nf, ;xof]u / ;fy
z"Gok|foM e"ldsf 5 . w]/}h;f] t g]kfns} ljleGg hfthflt, snf, xft]dfnf] u/f}F . l9nf eO;Sof] .
efiff / k];f, e]uLo ;d'bfosf ljifodf ;Lldt 5g\ . Joj;fosf] -cfrfo{ g]kfn–cd]l/sf kqsf/ ;+3
lx;fan] ;kmn eP klg hLljsf]kfh{geGbf w]/} dfly p7\g ;s]sf -g]hf_sf lgjt{dfg cWoIf x'g\ ._

:jflbnf] df}lns vfgfsf] nflu xfdLnfO{ ;Demg'xf];\

38
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lkt[;Qfn] dlxnf eg]sf r'nf]rf}sfdf
;Lldt x'g], csf{sf] 3/ hfg] hft
/ rf/ lbjf/leq cfkm"nfO{ lgoGq0f
u/]/ /fVg], c+z / j+zdf xs
gnfUg] eg]/ cYof{Oof] .
dR5]b]jL u'?ª

zf f;g, ;Qf / ;+/rgfdf dlxnfsf] ;xeflutfsf] s'/f
dlxnf cfGbf]ng ;'? ePb]lv g} p7] klg vf;df
/fHosf ;+/rgfdf dlxnfsf] ;xeflutf eg] )$&
;fnsf] k|hftGqkl5 b]lvg yfn]sf] xf] . To;f] t, /fhgLlts Oltxf;
x]g{] xf] eg] ;xfgf k|wfg, d+unfb]jL l;+x, z}nhf cfrfo{, /fi6«klt
nfu" ePsf] b]lvFb}g . o;sf] sf/0f klxNofpg] xf] eg] of] x/]s
JolQmdf ePsf] lkt[;Qfsf] sf/0fn] x'g uPsf] xf] . ;dfhzf:qsf]
l;4fGtcg';f/ JolQmsf] JolQmTj / ;f]rfO eg]sf] tkfO{+ jf pm s'g
;dfh jf ;d'bfodf x'ls{of] o;n] lgwf{/0f ug]{ u5{ eg]/ JofVof
ul/Psf] kfOG5 . lkq[;Qfn] dlxnf eg]sf r'nf]rf}sfdf ;Lldt x'g],
ljBfb]jL e08f/L, ci6nIdL zfSo, zzL >]i7, lxl;nf odL, hok'/L csf{sf] 3/ hfg] hft / rf/ lbjf/leq cfkm"nfO{ lgoGq0f u/]/ /fVg],
3tL{, cf]g;/L 3tL{du/nufot dlxnf g]ts [ f] ;+3if{ ;du| /fHo Joj:yfsf] c+z / j+zdf xs gnfUg] eg]/ cYof{Oof] . t/, k'?if eg]sf] alnof]
lj?4 t lyof] g}, ;Fu;Fu} kf6L{leq k'?if ;xsdL{;uF h'w/] / 7"n} ;+3if{ x'g'kg]{, hGdFb} afa'sf] ;DklQsf] xsbf/, c+z / j+zsf] dflns eg]/
u/]/ dfq pgLx¿ kf6L{sf] g]tT[ j tx;Dd k'Ug ;kmn ePsf x'g\ . JofVof ul/of] . o;/L hGdFb} 5f]/f / 5f]/Ldf ul/g] of] x'sf{Osf sf/0f
gLlt lgdf{0f tyf zf;g ;Qfdf dlxnfsf] ;xeflutf x]g]{ xf] clxn] @!cf}F ztfAbLdf klg dlxnfn], dlxnfsf] pkl:ylt vf]O{,
eg] Ps ;do b]zsf] k|d'v lgsfo Joj:yflksf / Gofokflnsfn] dlxnfnfO{ g]t[Tj lbg lsg s~h':ofOF u/]sf] eg]/ af]Ng'k/]sf] 5,
dlxnf g]t[Tj k|fKt ul/;s]sf] 5 eg] /fi6«k|d'vsf ¿kdf ljBfb]jL cfjfh p7fpg'k/]sf] 5 . s'g} klg bn g]t[Tj ug]{ eg]sf] k'?if kfqn]
e08f/L /xg'ePsf] 5 . /fHosf] zf;g ;+/rgfdf dlxnfsf] g]t[Tjsf] dfq geP/ pm;Fu} x'ls{Psf] lkq[;QfTds ;f]r / ;+/rgfsf sf/0f klg
;Gbe{df g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg @)&@ sf] df}lns xsdf /fHosf x/]s cfh dlxnfnfO{ g]t[Tjdf k'¥ofpg g;lsPsf] xf] . of] lkQ[;QfjfbL
lgsfodf dlxnfnfO{ ;dfg'kflts ;dfj]zL l;4fGtsf cfwf/df dfgl;stf xfaL ePsf sf/0f / k'?ifn] grfx]sf sf/0f g} lg0ff{os
;xefuL x'g]5 egL pNn]v 5, oBlk of] nfu" x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . txdf dlxnfsf] ;xeflutf u/fpg g;lsPsf] ;To xf], en} Tof]
kl5Nnf] b[i6fGtnfO{ x]g]{ xf] eg] ;+ljwfg sfof{Gjog k|lqmofdf /x] klg ;TonfO{ g]t[Tjdf /x]sf k'?ifx¿n] l:jsfg{ tof/ gxf]nf .
dlxnf ;xeflutfsf] ;jfndf eg] sfof{Gjogdf cfgfsfgL u/]sf] x'g t s]xL dlxnf lg0ff{os txdf k'u]sf klg 5g\, t/ pgLx¿n]
b]lvG5 . To;}n] klg ;+ljwfg sfof{Gjogdf cIf/zM kfngf unf{ lg0ff{os e"ldsf v]Ng ;s]sf 5}gg\ / o;df kf6L{n] nufpg] lXjksf
eg]/ cfzf ug]{ 7fpF b]lvFb}g . To;f] t :yfgLo ;+/rgfdf dlxnfsf] sf/0f pgLx¿sf] pkl:ylt cy{k"0f{ aGg g;s]sf] s'/fnfO{ gsfg{
;xeflutf x]g]{ xf] eg] o;n] 5nfª g} df/]sf] 5, :yfgLo ;/sf/df ;lsGg . To;f] t dlxnf clwsf/;Fu hf]l8Psf s'g} klg ljifodf
dlxnfsf] pkl:ylt $) k|ltzt x'g' eg]sf] Psbd} ;sf/fTds / emG8} %! k|ltzt dlxnf dfq}n] Ps eP/ cfjfh p7fpg] xf] eg] klg
pT;fxhgs s'/f xf], t/ clwsf+z dxfgu/, pkdxfgu/, gu/kflnsf Tof] cfjfhnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{ ;/sf/ afWo x'g'kg]{ xf], t/ xfdLsxfF
/ ufpFkflnsfsf] g]t[Tjsf] ;fFrf] k'?ifsf] xftdf 5 eg] pkkbdf ;Lldt lkq[;QfTds / k'?ifjfbL ;f]r af]s]sf g]t[Tjdf a;]sf k'?if g]tfx¿
dlxnfsf] e"ldsf eg] Psfwafx]s b]vfpgsf nflu dfq l;h{gf / dlxnf g]t[x¿sf sf/0f klg dlxnfsf] ;jfn ;w}F cf]em]ndf
u/]sf] h:tf] b]lvG5 . :yfgLo lgsfodf k'u]sf dlxnfn] s'g} klg k/]sf] b]lvG5 . s'g} klg ljifodf ha;Dd dlxnfx¿ Psl9Ssf eP/
lg0f{o ug{ kfPsf] b]lvFb}g / Tof] x}l;otdf dlxnfx¿sf] pkl:yltnfO{ af]Nb}gg\, ta;Dd zf;g ;+/rgfdf dlxnfsf] ;xeflutf / dlxnfsf]
l:jsfl/Psf] 5}g . :yfgLo ;+/rgfdf dlxnfsf] pkl:ylt xfQLsf] pkl:ylt cy{k"0f{ x'g ;Sb}g . To;}n], zf;g ;+/rgfdf dlxnfsf]
b]vfpg] bfFth:tf] dfq b]lvPsf] 5 . pkl:yltsf nflu lkq[;QfTds lrGtg x6fP/ k'?ifx¿sf] ;Fu;Fu}
dlxnfsf] ;xeflutf x]bf{ pbfx/0fLo b]lvP klg Jojxf/tM of] dlxnfsf] klg ;xeflutf cfjZos 5 .[

39
cf}F jflif{sf]T;j

40
cf}F jflif{sf]T;j

efjL lbgdf s'g} /fHodf ueg{/ of
l;g]6/ of bzskl5 sf]xL /fi6«kltsf]
pDd]bjf/ agfpg] xf] eg] Pp6f g]kfnLsf]
gftfn] xftdf xft ldnfpF, cGoyf df;'
k;n ;~rfng ug{ ;Sg] JolQmn] k};f t
sdfpF5, t/ pm slxNo} pBf]uklt aGg
;Sb}g eg]h:tf] gxf];\ .
dw's/ clwsf/L

c d]l/sfnfO{ cj;/sf] e"ldsf ¿kdf lng] cfk|jf;L
sltn] o;nfO{ :ju{e"ld eg]/ JofVof u5{g\ .
t/, sltko ljifodf of] :ju{e"ld elgPsf] 7fpFdf
r'gf}tLsf] kxf8 gx'g] eg] kSs} xf]Og . cj;/sf] vf]hLdf cfOk'Ug]
g]kfnLx¿ h'g tl/sf / cj:yfdf cd]l/sfdf cfP klg oxfFsf]
cfkm}Fdf /f]rs 5 eg] o;n] s:tf] lg0f{o lbG5 eGg] s'/f gf]e]Da/
^ df x'g] lgjf{rgn] k'li6 ug]{5 . t/, kf7ssf ;fd' of] cfn]v
kl:sg] j]nfdf Tof] lg0f{o cfO;s]sf] x'g]5 . t;y{ glthfeGbf klg
pgn] u/]sf k|of; / g]kfnLsf] ;xeflutfnfO{ o; cfn]vdf ;d]6\g]
k|of; u/]sf] 5' .
/xg;xg / b}lgsL;Fu cEo:t /xg sDtLdf b'O{ jif{ / a9Ldf kfFr of] cfn]v tof/ ub}{ ubf{ cnL{ ef]l6ª cyf{t\ cufl8 g}
jif{ nfU5 . of] ;dodf cfkm\gf cfjZostf / rfxgfnfO{ s]xL dtbfg ug{ kfOg] Joj:yf ;'? eO;s]sf] 5 . ;/;tL{ x]bf{ pgsf]
tl/sfn] /f]s]/ cfkm\gf] cfly{s :yfloTj / j[lQ ljsf;df gnfUg]sf ljhonfO{ ;xh cfsng ug]{sf] 7"nf] ;d"x b]lvG5 . pgsf ;fd'
nflu eg] of] e"lddf r'gf}tLsf] kxf8 g} v8f x'g] s'/fdf ;fob ePsf / pgn] b}lgs ¿kdf u/]sf sfdaf/] w]/} cgle1 /x]sf 5g\ .
s;}sf] b'O{dt gxf]nf . clxn] lgjf{rgdf pgnfO{ ljhosf] dfnf klx/fpg lgs} r'gf}tL
laxfgsf] 3fdsf] em'Nsf]b]lv /ftel/;Dd ljleGg tl/sfn] klg /x]sf] 5 . klxnf] s'/f t pgsf] pDd]bjf/L k/]sf] l8l:6«s c;fWo}
cfkm\gf] /f]hL/f]6Ldf cEo:t g]kfnLdWo] sd}nfO{ dfq oxfFsf] l:jª cyf{t\ h;n] htf klg dt lbg] l8l:6«s xf] . o;sf *)
d"nwf/sf] /fhgLltdf rf;f] x'g' s'g} cgf}7f] ljifo /x]g . To;dfly k|ltzteGbf a9L dtbftf / :yfgLo cd]l/sg /x]sf 5g\ . o;}n]
d"nwf/sf] /fhgLltdf cfkm"nfO{ pEofpg] ljifo sltkosf nflu dtbftfsf] Wofg stf hfG5 eGg] o;} eGg ;lsGg . bf];f| ] pgL of]
;kgf xf] eGbf cltzof]lQm gxf]nf . o;/L plePsf] JolQm klg l8l:6«sdf k|fOd]/L lhTg] klxnf] cfk|jf;L x'g\ . t];f| ] of] l8l:6«sdf
s]xL jif{df g} cfkm\g} r'gf}tL / cg]sg ;d:ofn] ubf{ lbuf] aGg eg] cfk|jf;L dtbftfsf] ;+Vof s"n dtbftf ;+Vofdf Ps k|ltzteGbf klg
lgs} sl7g x'g] u/]sf] 5 . To;}n] cfhsf] lbg;Dd cd]l/sfsf] sd /x]sf] 5 . t;y{ pgsf nflu of] If]q s8f ldlxg]tsf] If]q xf] .
/fhgLltdf xf]ldP/ g]kfnLsf] k|ltlglwTj ub}{ ;/sf/L lgsfodf k'Ug] t/, k|fOd]/L lgjf{rg lht]kl5sf] rf/ dlxgfdf pgn] 8f]/ glsª
g]kfnL 5Fb} 5}gg\ . pgLx¿sf] oxL rfxgf / efjgfnfO{ ;Daf]wg ub}{ ubf{ km'6]sf k}tfnf / au]sf kl;gf xf];\ of dtbftfnfO{ cfkm\gf]
d]l/NofG8sf] l8l:6«s cf7af6 xfp; ckm 8]lnu]6\;df 8]df]qmØf6 Ph]G8f hfgsf/L lbg pgLx¿;Fu u/]sf cGtlq{mof / 5nkmn g}
kf6L{sf] k|fOd]/L lgjf{rg lhlt;s]/ cfufdL gf]e]Da/ ^ df x'g] lsg gxf];\ clg vlr{nf] r'gfjL k|lqmofdf cfjZos kg]{ /sd
r'gfjdf Oltxf; /Rg sl:;P/ nfu]sf xof/L e08f/L clxn] hf]xf]sf nflu ljleGg /fHodf k'u]/ ;+sng ug{ pgn] b]vfPsf]
cd]l/sfdf a:g] g]kfnLsf] cfzfsf] s]Gb|df 5g\ . pgsf] of] ofqf ;lqmotf Pp6f /f]n df]8n g} 5 eGbf cltzof]lQm cjZo x'Fb}g .

41
cf}F jflif{sf]T;j

pgsf] v6fO;Fu} b]vf k/]sf r'gf}tLn] cd]l/sfdf /fhgLlt ug{ ul/Psf] rGbfn] hlxn] k|To'kfbs agfpg]5, of] s'/fdf ;r]t /xg}k5{ .
/ g]kfnLnfO{ d"nwf/sf] /fhgLltdf ;dflxt u/fpg lgs} r'gf}tL cd]l/sfsf] r'gfjdf k};f g} ;a} s'/f xf] eGg] e|d 5 eg]
5 eGg] s'/fdf k+lQmsf/ k"0f{ cfZj:t 5 . s8f ldlxg]t ub}{ Tof] e|daf6 cfh} d'Qm x'g'k5{ . lsgls sf]xL Joj;foLn] nfvf}F
cfkm\gf] hLjgsf pj{/ Ps bzs g]kfnLnfO{ d"nwf/sf] /fhgLltdf 8n/ cfkm\gf] r'gfjL cleofgdf vr{ u/]sf] eP klg Tof] s]jn
;dflxt u/fpg] cleofgdf xf]ldPsf pgnfO{ cfkm\gf] l8l:6«ssf] pDd]bjf/ ag]sf] eGg] Oltxf;df dfq ;Lldt ePsf bh{gf}F pbfx/0f
s'g} g]kfnLsf] 3/df of8{ ;fOg uf8\g kfpg] cg'e"ltn] ;fob pgs} 5g\ . dtbftfsf] ?lrcg';f/sf] ljifo / Ph]G8f af]Sg] pDd]bjf/n]
efiffdf of] of8{ ;fOg xf]Og efjL lkF9Lsf nflu /f]lkPsf] Pp6f cd]l/sfsf] /fhgLltdf :yfg kfPsf 5g\ . of] s'/f cd]l/sL
lap xf] . pgnfO{ ;xof]u ug]{ g]kfnL ;d'bfosf] ljleGg k];f / r'gfjdf ;dflxt x'g] hf]–s;}n] ;b}j x]Ssf /fVg] ljifo xf] .
;d"xn] ;a} s'/fnfO{ yftL /fv]/ ;xof]u u/]sf] h:tf] b]lvG5 . xfdL g]kfnLx¿sf] cd]l/sfsf] d"nwf/sf] /fhgLltdf
t/, ;+VofTds lx;fadf /x]sf g]kfnL / pgLx¿sf] ;xof]u x]bf{ ;dflxt u/fP/ efjL lbgdf s'g} /fHodf ueg{/ of l;g]6/ of
To;nfO{ ;xh ¿kdf lng ;lsg] cj:yf eg] gePsf] ljleGg bzskl5 sf]xL /fi6«kltsf] pDd]bjf/ agfpg] xf] eg] Pp6f
tl/sfn] k'li6 u/]sf] 5 . o;sf] cy{ s] xf] eg] xfdL g]kfnL cem} g]kfnLsf] gftfn] xftdf xft ldnfpF, cGoyf df;' k;n
klg sltko s'/fdf k"0f{ hfgsf/ 5}gf}F . ;~rfng ug{ ;Sg] JolQmn] k};f t sdfpF5, t/ pm slxNo}
csf]{ /f]rs kIf, cd]l/sfdf /x]sf g]kfnLsf] lxtsf nflu pBf]uklt aGg ;Sb}g eGg] egfOh:tf] gxf];\ .
eg]/ v'n]sf ;+:yf h;/L /fhgLlts, e]u, hftLotf / If]qLotfsf cGTodf xfdL cd]l/sfdf a:b} cfPsf klxnf] k':tfsf
cfwf/df ljeflht eP/ lj/lQmPsf] 5 . d"nwf/sf] /fhgLltdf g]kfnLn] efjL lkF9Lsf nflu Pp6f o:tf] af6f] lgdf{0f u/f}F h;n]
;dflxt u/fpg] cleofgdf klg ltg} cjfl~5t tTj xfaL ePsf] g]kfnL d"nsf] JolQmnfO{ jfl;ª6g l8;Ldf k'¥ofpg] / ;]tf]
k|:6 b]lvPsf] 5 . o;sf] pbfx/0f Go'of]s{df /x]sf g]kfnLn] u/]sf] 3/af6 ljZj xfFSg ;Sg] xf];\ . t/, o;sf nflu g]kfnLx¿n]
lqmofsnfkn] k'li6 u/]sf] 5 . of] /f]u la:tf/} c¿ /fHodf klg k|j]z sltko cj:yfdf cfkm\gf JolQmut :jfy{ k"lt{sf nflu ckgfpg]
kfof] eg] g]kfnLx¿ h;/L g]kfndf g]kfns} g]tfnfO{ ljefhg u/]/ 5nsk6af6 6f9f /x]/ x's{+bf] bf];|f] k':tfnfO{ cd]l/sL lgsfosf
s]xL ljb]zL /fi6«n] cfkm\gf] :jfy{ kl/rfng ug{ ;kmn ePsf 5g\, ljleGg tx / tKsfdf cfh}b]lv :jo+;]js agfpg] / pTk|]/0ff
To;}u/L ef]ln s'g} /fHodf g]kfnL pDd]bjf/s} lj?4df csf]{ g]kfnL lbg] agfcf}F cGoyf s'g} cfk|jf;Ln] /fhgLltdf xf]ldP/ cfkm\gf]
v8f u/] eg] cGoyf glnP x'G5 . km]l/ s]xLnfO{ pDd]bjf/sf nflu ;d'bfoaf6 kfPsf] ckx]ngfn] lj/Qm eP/ d]/f] ;d'bfo ;w}F e]8f
b'O{–rf/ xhf/ rGbf ;+sng u/]/ xfdL d"nwf/df ;dflxt eof}F eGg] x'g rfxG5 eGg]h:tf] gxf];\ . xfdL cfk|jf;Ln] of] cj;/sf]
e|d x'G5 oyfy{df Tof] ;txL s'/f dfq xf] . cd]l/sfsf] r'gfjdf e"lddf sf]xL–s;}nfO{ xf]Og xfd|f] ;d'bfosf] JolQmnfO{ lgjf{lrt
8f]g];g cyf{t\ rGbfsf] lgs} dxTj 5, t/ s;}sf] nflu Oiof{ ;fFw]/ kbflwsf/L agfcf}F oxL g} efjL lkF9Lsf nflu pkxf/ x'g]5 .[

42
cf}F jflif{sf]T;j

kßf ln+vf du/

lxdgbL em}F lg/Gt/ alu/xg] z'esfdgf 5 Û
3fdn] slxNo} g;'Sg]
9'+uf / afn'jfn] g5]Sg] efjgfsf] v]tL ug{]x¿n]
nfU5 ltdL gbL xf} ltdLdf g}
Pe/]i6 6fOD; Û cIf//¿kL aLp 5l//xG5g\ .
ltdL o;/L g} ;To cf]sNg rfxg]x¿n]
clj/n alu/xg" ltdLdfkm{t g}
z'esfdgf 5 Û ;TotYo af]ln/xG5g\
Pe/]i6 6fOD; Û
hGde"ld / sd{e"ldnfO{ hf]8\g] ltdL o;/L g}
Pp6f alnof] k'n ;a}sf] dg la;fpg]
hxfF kmnfdsf] eGbf ;femf rf}tf/L alglbg"
s}of}F u'0ff alnof] z'esfdgf 5 Û
efjgfsf] vDaf / /8 xflnPsf] 5 .
oxL k'ndf ofqLx¿sf] cfkm\gf] ;kmn ofqfsf]
bzf}F jif{;Dd bzf}F jif{ k"/f u/L
lg/Gt/ 5 cf]xf]/bf]xf]/ P3f/f}F jif{sf] ofqf
Pe/]i6 6fOD; Û cf/De u/]sf] cj;/df
ltdL o;/L g} z'esfdgf Û
jiff}{+ jif{ / ;of}F jif{ Pe/]i6 6fOD; Û
k'n ag]/ pleO/xg" cem xhf/f}F jif{
z'esfdgf 5 Û oxL ultdf
clg c¿ prfOdf
hxfF h] rfXof] ;f]xL ¿kdf e]l6G5f} ofqf lg/Gt/ /xf];\
s] dfq aGb}gf} / ltdL Û nfvf}F nfv z'esfdgf Û[
cfjfhljxLgsf] cfjfh xf} ltdL
gf]:6flNhsnfO{ b]zsf] efjgf, Go'of]sa{ f6 k|sflzt x'g] Pe/]:6 6fOD; kflIfs klqsfn]
;flxlTos ef]snfO{ v'/fs cfkm\gf] ;kmn ofqfsf] bzf}F jif{ k"/f u/L P3f/f}F jif{df k|jz
]
Jofkf/LnfO{ ahf/ u/]sf] ;'vb cj;/df xflb{s awfO{ tyf z'esfdgf Û
Pe/]i6 6fOD; Û
ltdL o;/L g} ;femf 7fpF ag]/ Go'of]s{
;a}nfO{ lg/Gt/ ;]jf lbO/xg" !)÷#)÷@)!*

43
cf}F jflif{sf]T;j

kf7sx?sf] dd{ / kqsfl/tfsf] wd{cg'?k g]kfn /
k|jf;sf dxTjk"0f{ ljifoj:t' p7fg ub}{ ;a}sf] dg lhTg
;kmn o; Pe/]:6 6fOD;n] cfufdL lbgdf cem w]/} prfO{ ofbj af:tf]nf,
r'Dg ;sf];\ eGg] z'esfdgf JoQm ug{ rfxG5f}+.
sDo'lg6L P8\efOh/L af]8{ d]Da/
Pndi6 c:ktfn, Go'of]s{
44
cf}F jflif{sf]T;j

d]/f nflu Pe/]:6 6fOD; Pp6f
k|of]uzfnf / ljZjljBfno g} aGof] .
oxL sfd ubf{ ub}{ d}n] ;flxTodf
klg km8\sf] df/]F . Pe/]:6 6fOD;sf]
;+of]hgsf] lhDd]jf/L;Fu} n]vfO /
;Dkfbgdf efiff dfF‰g] cj;/ kfPF . g]q tfdfª

d ev{/ gful/s b}lgsdf kqsfl/tf ;'? ub}{ lyPF .
;g\ @))( sf] Ps lbg j+znfn tfdfª -xfn
OGb|fjtL ufpFkflnsfsf k|d'v_n] dnfO{ Go'of]s{af6}
Pe/]:6 6fOD;sf k|wfg;Dkfbs cfªl5l/ª z]kf{;Fu lrghfg
u/fOlbg'eof] er'{cn dfWodaf6} . d Tolta]nf xft]dfnf] gfds
Tolta]nf pxfFn] g} Pe/]:6 6fOD;sf] ;+of]hg ug'{x'Fbf] /x]5 . Tof]
e]6kl5 d Pe/]:6sdL{ ag]F .

dfnLsf] e"ldsfdf
Pe/]:6 6fOD;df sfd ;'? u/]F – afnaflnsf / snf la6
;+:yfsf] ;xhstf{sf ¿kdf klg sfd uy]{+ . d]/f] efudf k¥of] . o; klqsfdf cfa4 eP;Fu} afnaflnsfsf
cfªl5l/ª bfOn] Pe/]:6 6fOD;df sfd ug{sf nflu k|:tfj ljifodf dfq ;Lldt d snf If]qsf x:tLx¿nfO{ e]6\g lg:sg yfn]F .
ug'{eof] . Tolta]nf d gful/ssf] …ljlsG8 Ao'/f]Údf afnaflnsf :gftsf]Q/ txdf cWoog/t lyPF, ToxLa]nfaf6 Pe/]:6 6fOD;dfkm{t
ljz]iffª\s h"gsL/L x]y]{+ . sfd km';{lbnf] g} lyof] . zlgaf/sf] w]/} snfsf/;Fu e]63f6 / s'/fsfgL ug]{ df}sf ldNof] . To;af6
c+s tof/ ug{ a'waf/b]lv z'qmaf/;Dd v6] k'UYof] . To;}n] kqsfl/tfdf Ps lsl;dsf] prfOsf] l;F9L kf/ u/]F .
cfªl5l/ª bfOsf] k|:tfj t'?Gt} l:jsf/]F . pxfFn] dnfO{ s]zj s]zj bfOaf6 Tolta]nf efiff ;Dkfbgsf ljifodf klg w}/] 1fg
eGg]sf] gDa/ lbg'eof] . gful/s b}lgssf] sfof{no ;'Gwf/fdf kfOof]] . kqsfl/tfdf hlt e'n ;fob} c¿ If]qdf x'G5 xf]nf – d}n]
k'u]/ pQm gDa/df kmf]g ul/xfn]F . kqsfl/tf ubf{ l;s]sf] s'/f . ;'?df d}n] g]q df]Qmfg afOnfOgaf6
e]6f}F eGg'eof] . nf]s];gsf] s'/f eof] . …d ;'Gwf/fglhs} 5',Ú ;dfrf/ n]Vg yfn]sf] lyPF . gful/sdf sfd ubf{ Ps} gfddf b'O{lt/
pxfFn] eGg'eof] . d klg glhs} /x]sf] hgfp lbP . To;kl5 pxfFn] sfd ubf{ ufx|f] x'g ;S5 egL s]zj bfOn] g} dnfO{ of] afOnfOg
rfOgf 6fpgglhs e]6f}F eGg'eof] . d gful/s b}lgssf] sfof{nod} /fVg ;'emfpg'ePsf] lyof] . clxn] eg] g]q tfdfª g} n]Vg yfn]sf]
lyPF . pxfF klg Tot} ePsf] hfgsf/L kfPF . To;kl5 gful/ss} cufl8 5' . d}n] jif{ % af6 ;+of]hgsf] lhDd]jf/L kfPF . To;kl5 ;+of]hgsf]
rfOgf 6fpgglhs e]6 eof] xfd|f] . pxfF cfly{s Ao'/f]sf] ;Dkfbg ug]{ r'gf}tL ylkFb} uof] . sltko a]nfdf t 8/}8/df uNtL ul/Gyof] .
s]zjz/0f nfld5fg] bfO kf] x'gx' Fb' f] /x]5 . Ps} b}lgsdf sfd ug]{ /dfOnf] s'/f -klqsfsf nflu t of] 7"nf] e'n lyof]_ kflIfs klqsf
xfdL o;/L csf]{ sfdsf nflu 7f]lSsFbf Ps}l5g crDddf g} k¥of}F . ePsfn] jif{df o;sf @$ c+s x'G5g\ .
crDddf kg'{sf] sf/0f kmf]gdf Psn] csf{nfO{ glrGg' lyof] . % c+ssf] cGTolt/ k'u]kl5 klg d}n] o;sf] c+s a9fpFb}
d kqsfl/tfdf gofF ePsfn] pxfFnfO{ d]/f] gfd ofb ePg5 . d}n] nu]5' . c+s @%, c+s @^, c+s @& o;/L g} . of] s'/f xfdL
klg o;cl3 pxfF;Fu kmf]g gDa/ ;f6f;f6 u/]sf] /x]g5' . g]kfnaf6 l6dnfO{ klg kQf] ePg . ddflysf] ljZjf;n] of] e'n ePsf] x'g

45
cf}F jflif{sf]T;j

;S5 . kl5 s]zj bfOn] Ps lbg of] s'/f yfxf kfpg'eP5, lsgls clkm;df uP/ a:y]F . g]kfnL efiff /fd|f] x'Fb} cfPsfn] xf]nf s]zj
xfdLn] pxfFn] 5f8\g'ePkl5 klg k]hx¿ s:tf] eof] eg]/ ;dLIffsf bfOn] cgnfOgsf] lhDd]jf/L klg dnfO{ ;'lDklbg'eof] . Tolt dfq
nflu bfOnfO{ k7fO/xGYof}F . x}g kl5 klqsfsf] ;+of]hgsf] lhDd]jf/L;d]t dnfO{ ;'Dk]/ pxfF
s]zj bfO ;Dkfbg ug]{ tl/sf l;sfpFb} eGg'x'GYof] – ;Dkfbsn] ;kl/jf/ kf]v/f hfg'eof] .
dfnLsf] sfd ug'{k5{ . sfdsf] l;nl;nfdf sltko a]nf cfkm"n] ;xL
ubf{ub}{ klg ufnL vfg'kg]{ ;do klg gcfPsf] x}g . t/, klqsfsf] k|of]uzfnfdf k|j]z kfpFbf
l6dsf ;a} zfnLg / cfªl5l/ª bfOsf] ljZjf;n] of] ofqfnfO{ ;+of]hgsf] lhDd]jf/L kfPsf] ;'?sf lbgdf d cfkm}FnfO{ ljZjf;
lg/Gt/tf /fVg ;ls/x]sf] 5' . lyPg . Tolta]nf cfªl5l/ª bfO k|wfg;Dkfbs, lji0f' kf}8]n bfO
Pe/]:6 6fOD;sf] ;+of]hgsf] lhDd]jf/L;Fu} d}n] n]vfO / ;Dkfbs x'g'x'GYof] . s]zj bfOn] t dnfO{ k"0f{ ljZjf;sf ;fy
;Dkfbgdf efiff df‰g] cj;/ kfPF . gful/s b}lgsdf ljlsG8df sfd sfo{ef/ 5fl8lbg'eof] . ca afFsL b'O{hgfsf] ljZjf; lhTg'
u/]sf] kmfObf egf}F, ToxfF ;Gtf]if zdf{af6 d}n] efiff sfF65fF6df ljz]if r'gf}tLk"0f{ lyof] d]/f] nflu . efUojz egf}F b'j}hgfn] d]/f] sfddf
;Lk l;s]F . pxfFn] gful/s zlgjf/sf] efiff z'4fz'4L x]g'{x'GYof] . ljZjf; ug'{eof] / To;kl5 ddf klg cfF6 cfof] .
otf cIf/sf ;Dkfbs xfn kmfOglk|G6sf clht a/fn bfOsf] cfu|x Tolta]nf dx]Gb|z/0f nfld5fg]n] efiff ;Dkfbgdf ;fy
klg efiffnfO{ cem alnof] agfpg an ldNg] vfnsf] lyof] . pxfF lbg'eof] . l8hfOg/ k|jL0f a'9fyf]sLhLsf] ;xof]un] klg cufl8
;w}F eGg'x'GYof], …cfˆgf] ;dfrf/ n]v]kl5 8]:sdf s;/L ;Dkfbg a9\g] pT;fx k|fKt eO/Xof] . o;/L sfd ug]{ qmddf cg]sf}F uNtL
x'G5, a;]/ x]/ . w]/} k9 .Ú oxLaf6 d}n] cfˆgf] n]vgnfO{ ;'wfg]{ eP . k|sfzs l6dn] d]/f uNtL ;Rofpg] s}of}F cj;/ lbg'ePsf]
df}sf kfPsf] lyPF . otf s]zj bfOn] eGg'x'GYof], …;Dkfbg ug'{ eg]sf] 5 . d}n] o;/L g} efiff;Dkfbg / kqsfl/tf l;s]F . d]/f nflu Pe/]:6
au}Frfdf dfnLn] sfd u/]h:t} xf] .Ú 6fOD; Pp6f k|of]uzfnf / ljZjljBfno g} aGof] . oxL sfd ubf{ub}{
Pe/]:6 6fOD;df hf]l8P;Fu} d]/f] n]vg afnaflnsfsf ljifo / d}n] ;flxTodf klg km8\sf] df/]F . clxn];Dd afnaflnsfsf nflu ^
snfdf dfq ;Lldt /x]g, ;fdflhs ljifo / /fhgLlts ljifodf klg j6f afn lrqsyf k|sfzg eO;s]sf] 5 eg] Psj6f tfdfª efiffsf]
d}n] snd rnfpg yfn]F . Tolta]nf va/ cgnfOgx¿ ev{/ ;'? afn syf;+u|x klg k|sfzg eO;s]sf] 5 . oxL klqsfdfkm{t g]kfnL
ePsf] lyof] . Pe/]:6 6fOD;sf] klg cgnfOg ;'? eof] . zf]efsfGt kqsfl/tf If]qdf lrlgPF . ;fydf cfªl5l/ª bfOsf] gfd hf]l8Fbf
l;Ub]nn] x]g'{x'GYof] cgnfOg ;+:s/0f . pxfFn] g} dnfO{ ;dfrf/x¿ lrlgg yk ;lhnf] eof] .
cknf]8 ug{ l;sfpg'x'GYof] . o;}n] ubf{ sltko ldl8of xfp;df sfd ug]{ k|:tfj cfO/xG5 .
s]xL ;dokl5 d}n] gful/sdf sfd 5f8]F . aLrdf gofF klqsfdf lstfa ;Dkfbgsf] lhDd]jf/L cfO/xG5 . ljleGg cGt/f{li6«o
klg hf]l8P . ljleGg sf/0fn] gofF klqsf b}lgsdf Ps dlxgfeGbf u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿df klg sfd ug]{ cj;/ kfPF oxL a]nf . ?d 6'
a9L sfd ug{ ;lsgF . km';{lbnf] ePF . ToxL Pe/]:6 6fOD;sf] l/8df OlG8k]G8]G6 sG;N6]G6 eP/ sfd ug]{ df}sf kfPF . of] g]kfnL

cd]l/sfsf] Go"of]s{af6 ;g\ @))* gf]eD] a/ b]lv g]kfnL efiffdf k|sfl;t
x'Fb} cfPsf] Pe]/]i6 6fOD; klqsfsf] !)cf}+ jflif{sf]T;jsf] z'e–cj;/df
o; klqsf k|sfzg ;d"xnfO{ xflb{s awfO{ tyf cufdL lbgsf]
pQ/f]Q/ k|ultsf] sfdgf ub{5f}+ .

a]y]n g]kfnL rr{ kl/jf/
Bethel Nepali Church
41-37 58th Street, Woodside NY 11377
Phone No: 7184152350
Pastor: Paul Rai
www.bethelnepalichurch.com

46
cf}F jflif{sf]T;j

efiff;DaGwL sfd lyof] . lbgsf] tLg xhf/ ?k}ofFsf b/n] d ^ dlxgf rnfOlbg'eof] . To;nuQ} efj;fu/ l3ld/] -h"gsL/Lsf ;+of]hs_
?d 6' l/8;Fu cfa4 eP/ sfd ug]{ df}sf kfPF . oxL sfd ubf{ub}{ n] d]/f] cg'/f]w :jLsf/ ug'{eof] . k|of]ufTds dfq x}g pxfFx¿n]
d}n} :gftsf]Q/ ;sfPF / rfON8 l/r g]kfnn] o'lg;]kmsf] ;xof]udf d}n] nueu 5fl8;s]sf] kqsfl/tfdf c8\ofpg /; xflnlbg'eof] .
dnfO{ zf]wkqsf nflu Ps nfv ?k}ofF;d]t k|bfg u¥of] . To;sf] emG8} s]xL dlxgfd} d :gfts pQL0f{ ePF / :gftsf]Q/df egf{
aLrdf ;Dkfbs lji0f' bfO 5'l§g'eof] . lji0f' bfO x/]s ePF . ToxLa]nf Pe/]:6 6fOD;df hf]l8g kfpFbf emg} pT;fxL ePF .
sfdnfO{ …7Ls 5, /fd|f] 5 efO{Údf 6'+Uofpg'x'GYof] . jif{ & sf] otf kqsfl/tfdf /Dg yfn]kl5 d}n] :s'n cs}{nfO{ rnfpg lbPF .
dWob]lv ;Dkfbsdf lªdf kflv|g / k|aGw lgb]{zsdf t]Dafbf]ª\af
Xof]Ndf] hf]l8g'eof] . pxfFx¿sf] k|]/0ff / ;'emfjn] d}n] yk Go'of]s{ 6fOD;sf] kqsf/ aGbf
lgvfl/g] df}sf kfPF . lªdf bfOn] lbg'x'g] O:o'x¿sf sf/0f sltko Tolta]nf ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg x'g]jfnf lyof] . d lgjf{rg
uhasf l/kf]l6{ª ug]{ df}sf ldNof] . rlr{t JolQmx¿;Fu e]6 cfo'Qm bf]nvaxfb'/ u'?ªnfO{ e]6\g k'u]F . pxfFn] dnfO{ ;do
ug]{ / ;dfh;]jfsf sfdx¿ ug]{ df}sf klg ldNof] . ;flxTodf lbg'eof] . ToxLa]nf cfof]udf h?/L a}7s ;'? x'g nfu]sf] /x]5 .
cfªl5l/ª bfOn] lbg'ePsf] ;do / lªdf bfOn] el/lbg] pT;fxn] pxfFnfO{ glhs}af6 tf/Dtf/ kmf]g cfO/Xof] .
lg/Gt/tf lbg kfO/x]s} 5' . To;kl5 pxfFn] kmf]g p7fP/ pQ/ lbg'eof], …d Go'of]s{ 6fOD;sf]
kqsf/;Fu s'/f ul//x]sf] 5' . Ps}l5gdf cfpF5' .Ú To;kl5 pxfFsf]
afOnfOgsf] vf]hLdf kmf]g nfdf] ;do;Dd ah]g . s'/fsfgL nfd} rNof] . d t Go'of]s{df
)^# ebf}df l;Gw'kfNrf]ssf] afx|la;] If]qaf6 l/kf]l6{ª ug]{ k|sflzt x'g] Pe/]:6 6fOD; klqsfsf nflu eg]/ pxfF;Fu e]6\g uPsf]
kq;lxt tftf]kfgL If]qdf vl6Psf] dnfO{ Tolta]nf kqsfl/tfdf vf;} lyPF . pxfFn] t dnfO{ Go'of]s{ 6fOD;sf] kqsf/ agfOlbg'eof] .
?lr hfu]g . tLg dlxgfhlt sfo{If]qdf a;]kl5 dnfO{ kqsfl/tfdf
hfFu/ rn]g . To;kl5 d sf7df8f}+df kms]{+ / k9fOsf] lg/Gt/tfdf Go'of]s{ s'g 7fpF a:g'x'G5 <
nfu]F . To;sf] s]xL ;dokl5 :gftssf] cGTolt/ ufpF kms]{+ . Pe/]:6 6fOD;sf nflu d}n] w]/} snfsf/, ;dfh;]jL, g]tf,
ufpFd} Pp6f lghL :s'ndf lzIfs ePF . tLg dlxgfhlt lzIfs ;/sf/L sd{rf/L;Fu e]6 u/]F . pxfFx¿ w]/}h;f]sf] k|Zg x'GYof]–Go'of]s{
ag]kl5 d}n] pQm :s'n lsg]F . gfd lyof] – uf]N8]g ˆo'r/ :6f/ s'g 7fpF a:g'xG' 5 < cd]l/sfaf6 slxn] cfpg'ePsf] < d t g]kfndf
:s'n . :s'n lsg]sf] s]xL ;dokl5 d kqsfl/tfsf] k|of]ufTds 5', tkfO{F;Fu s;/L s'/f ug]{ < kmf]gaf6} x'G5 lg h:tf s'/fx¿sf]
k/LIff lbg sf7df8f}+ cfPF . ToxLa]nf k|of]ufTdsdf tLgj6f ;fdgf ug'{kYof]{ . oL s'/fx¿n] dnfO{ Go'of]s{ Psk6s k'Ug} kg]{ 7fpF xf]
hlt afOnfOg;lxtsf] ;dfrf/sf] rflxof] . oxL afOnfOgsf] ls h:tf] klg nflu/xGYof] . t/, cd]l/sfaf6 kms{g] w]/}sf] cg'ejn]
vf]hLdf /x]sf dnfO{ kqsf/ huGgfy nfld5fg] / pd]z vltj8f eg] g]kfn g} 7Ls 5 egL ljZj:t lbnfpFYof] . t/, dgn] sxfF dfGg]
-ljlsG8sf l8hfOg/, xfn cd]l/sf_n] k|flS6snsf nflu s'/f /x]5 < df}sf ldn] kf7sx¿;Fu cjZo Go'of]s{df e]6 x'g]5 g} .[

82-11 37th Ave. Suite 404
Jackson Heights NY 11372

47
cf}F jflif{sf]T;j

48
cf}F jflif{sf]T;j

Hof]ltifzf:qn] cGwsf/df
k|sfzsf] sfd ub{5 . hLjgdf
rf/}lt/af6 cGwsf/n] 3]/]sf]
a]nf;d]t Hof]ltif eljionfO{
cfnf]lst ub}{ ;Defjgf b]vfpFb5 .
Hof]ltiffrfo{ k++= p4j zf:qL

c yj{ j]bdf Hof]ltif;DaGwL !^@ Znf]s 5g\ .
oh'j]{bdf $$ / CUj]bdf #) Crfx¿ 5g\ . eljio
sygsf] ;Gbe{df j]bsf] egfO 5 ls tkfO{+sf]
ljrf/, tkfO{+sf] pmhf{, tkfO{+sf] of]Uotf tyf tkfO{+sf] k|fy{gfåf/f g}
tkfO{+sf] efUo tyf eljio lgdf{0f x'G5 . To;}n] j}lbs Clif O{Zj/
nufpF5g\ . t/, ;RrfO o;sf] 7Ls pN6f] 5 . lsgls Hof]ltif
sd{sf] lj1fg xf], Hof]ltif ;docg';f/ JolQmnfO{ sd{ ug]{ k|]/0ff
lbG5 . sd{ ug{sf nflu clek|]l/t ub{5 . Hof]ltif cå}tsf] lj1fg
xf] . h:t} c1fgL dflg;x¿ ofqfsf qmddf h:tf] knf{ p:t} 6nf{
egL af6f] nfUb5g\ . t/, 1fgL dflg;x¿ cfkm"n] ofqf ug]{ dfu{sf]
tyf k|s[ltsf % tTjx¿sf] leGgleGg ¿kdf ;do, :yfg tyf hfgsf/L lnO{ cfjZos ;'/Iff ckgfpFb5g\ cyf{t\ af6f]df cfOkg]{
/Lltl/jfhcg';f/ :t'lt ub{y] . ;d:ofaf6 kf/ kfpg 5ftf–h'Qf ;fydf /fV5g\ . ca xfdL ljrf/
Hof]ltifsf] af/]df elgPsf] 5 M u/f}F Pp6} af6f] xf] olb d?e"ldsf] af6f]af6 ofqf ug'{kbf{ 5ftf–h'Qf
…ck|ToIff0fL zf:qf0fL ljjfb:t]if' s]jnd\ . x'g]n] / vfnL v'§f lxF8\g]n] slt ;lhnf] / cK7]/f] dx;'; unf{g\
k|ToIf+ Hof]ltif+ zf:q+, rGb|fsf] ot ;flIf0ff} ..Ú < hLjg klg To:t} xf], Hof]ltifzf:q dflg;nfO{ p;sf] hLjgdf
;+;f/sf hlt klg zf:qx¿ 5g\ tL s]jn zf:qfy{sf ljifo cfOkg]{ ;Dk"0f{ ;'vb'Mv, cK7\of/f /f]u–Jolw Pj+ cj;/x¿sf] oyfy{
x'g\ . t/, Hof]ltifzf:q k|ToIf zf:q xf] . h;sf] ;fIfL ;"o{, rGb|df hfgsf/L lbG5 . b'lgofFdf ;kmn clwsf+z dflg;x¿ Hof]ltifzf:qsf
3'dL3'dLsg lbO/x]sf 5g\ . nfvf}F jif{k"j{ lx;fa u/L n]lvPsf] dfWodaf6 cfˆgf] hLjgdf 36\g] ;Defljt 36gfsf] hfgsf/L lnO{
Hof]ltifzf:qdf atfPcg';f/ g} cfh ;"o{u|x0f, rGb|u|x0f, k|To]s lbg ;f]xLcg';f/ cfˆgf] hLjgsf] of]hgf agfpFb5g\ . cfˆgf] efUof]bosf]
;"of]{bo, ;"of{:t, rGb|f]bo, rGb|f:t, u|xx¿sf] ult, pboc:t eO/x]sf ;dodf, pQd u|xuf]r/ ePsf a]nfdf 7"nf7"nf lg0f{o lnG5g\ .
5g\ . cfh klg k~rfª\udf lgb]{zg u/]s} lbg ;f]xL ;dodf rGb| jf ljlzi6 sfo{ ub{5g\ . h:t} ldqtf sf];Fu ug]{, Jof;fodf ;fem]bf/L
;"o{u|x0f nfUb5 . ;f]xL s'/fnfO{ j}1flgsx¿n] klg k'li6 ub{5g\ . of] sf];Fu z'e, cz'e, ljjfx sf];Fu pQd OToflb . of] ;a hfgsf/Lsf
g} o; Hof]ltifzf:qsf] ;Totfsf] k|df0f xf] . nflu pklgifb\ eGb5 – …td;f]df Hof]ltu{doÚ .
xfd|f ;Dk"0f{ rf8af8x¿ b;}F, ltxf/, j|t, pT;j, xf]nL, /IfaGwg, td -cGwsf/_af6 Hof]lt -k|sfz_lt/ k|:yfg u/ . Hof]ltif
ds/ ;+qmflGt, a'4 k"l0f{df, j;Gt k~rdL, cIfo t[tLof, lzj/flq, ToxL 1fgsf] k|sfz xf] . hf] td¿kL lg/fzf, cGwsf/, c1fgnfO{
hGdfi6dL, /fdgjdL, u0f]z rt'yL{ OToflb kj{x¿ o;} Hof]ltifzf:qsf] x6fP/ pHofnf]¿kL k|sfz, 1fg, cfzf, pT;fxsf] ;~rf/ ub{5 .
u0fgfdf cfwfl/t 5 . Jojxf/df x]/f}F, xfdLnfO{ sf]xL dflg; b]Vb}df ;sf/fTds efj
Hof]ltifzf:qn] cGwsf/df k|sfzsf] sfd ub{5 . hLjgdf k}bf x'G5, p;n] xfdLnfO{ s]xL lbPsf] jf u/]sf] x'Fb}g, p;sf s'/f,
rf/}lt/af6 cGwsf/n] 3]/]sf] a]nf;d]t Hof]ltif eljionfO{ lqmofsnfk xfdLnfO{ dg kb{5g\ . ToxL dflg; csf]{nfO{ dg kb}{g .
cfnf]lst ub}{ ;Defjgf b]vfpFb5 . sltko cfhsf ef}ltsjfbL To:t} s;}nfO{ xfdL b]Vb}df lg/fz x'G5f}F . p;sf] af]nL–Jojxf/k|lt
dflg;x¿ Hof]ltifzf:qn] dflg;nfO{ efUojfbL agfpF5 egL cf/f]k ljt[i0ff k}bf x'G5 . of] s] xf] < jf:tjdf x/]s dflg;sf] :jefj %

49
cf}F jflif{sf]T;j

tTj;Fu hf]l8Psf] x'G5, cfˆgf]–cfˆgf] :jefj ldNg];Fu cfsif{s Pj+ ;defj M d]if, j[if, t'nf, dLg
ljsif{0f x'G5 . o;nfO{ oxfF /flzsf ¿kdf JofVof ul/G5 . zq' M ss{6, l;+x, wg'
Hof]ltifzf:qdf !@ /flz Pj+ ( u|x x'G5g\ . k|To]s /flz Ps #_ ldy'g /flz
csf{;Fu cfsif{s Pj+ ljsif{0f b'j} tTj;Fu hf]l8Psf x'G5g\ . nfe M ldy'g, l;+x, sGof, t'nf, s'De, dLg
…;dfg Jo;g] t' ;f}Vod'Ú ;"qsf cg';f/ clUg tTj ePsf ;defj M d]if, j[if, ds/
/flz;Fu clUg tTj Pj+ hn tTj ePsf /flz;Fu hn tTjjfnf /flz zq' M d]if, j[if, ds/
cfsflif{t eO{ ldqefj /fVb5g\ . clUg tTjjfnf /flz jfo' tTj $_ ss{6 /flz
ePsf] /flz;Fu klg ldqefj /fVb5g\ . lsgls jfo' clUgnfO{ k|bLKt nfe M j[if, sGof, j[lZrs, ds/, dLg
ug{df ;xfos tTj xf] . clUg tTjsf] hntTj;Fu :jfefljs j}/efj ;defj M ldy'g, ss{6, l;+x, t'nf
/xG5 . h:t} l;+x Pj+ d]if, j[if / d]ifsf] ldqefj x'g ;Sb5 . of] zq' M d]if, wg', s'De
;f]r tfls{s xf] . ;dfg tTj ePsf g};lu{s d}qLefj /fVb5g\ . %_ l;+x /flz
;dfg k|s[lt, ;dfg ;f]r ePsf :qL–k'?if, o'js–o'jtLx¿ ha nfe M d]if, ldy'g, sGof, wg'
ldNb5g\ ta :jtM Ps–csf{kl| t cfslif{t x'G5g\ . pgLx¿df k|uf9d}qL ;defj M l;+x, ds/, dLg
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MT. EVEREST DELI & GROCERY
Hot & Cold Sandwiches, Beer, Soda, Cigarettes, Cigars, Groceries, Newspapers, Photocopy

Latin, Asian & European Grocery z We Accept EBT & All Major Debit & Credit Cards

50
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Home Sweet Home
We all DREAM
about owning our
OWN
home one day, Home
means family.
908-486-9399

/ƚŝƐĂĐŽŵĨŽƌƚĂďůĞĨĞĞůŝŶŐƚŽ
ŬŶŽǁƚŚĂƚǇŽƵƐƚĂŶĚŽŶǇŽƵƌŽǁŶ
ŐƌŽƵŶĚ͘>ĂŶĚŝƐĂďŽƵƚƚŚĞŽŶůǇƚŚŝŶŐ
ƚŚĂƚĐĂŶΖƚŇǇĂǁĂǇ͘

Anthony Trollope Kriti Thapa Roka

347-825-8501
kritisellsNJ@gmail.com
Kriti.thaparoka.7
www.exitrealty.com
18 Hussa St
Linden, NJ 07036
Brokerage Independently Owned and Operated

I am commited to find that Dream Home for your family
and help to turn that Dream in Reality. Call ME.

347-825-8501
Year 7 Issue 8 August 2018
43

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40-08 76street Jackson Heights

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kTofPsf lyPgg\, t/ clxn] uLt n]Vb} hfFbf w]/}n] lrG5g\
,Ú kf;fªn] eg], …b'O{ bzssf] cys k|of;kl5 oltv]/ skfn sf6\g] kf;fª kl5Nnf] ;do
cfkm"n] n]v]sf] uLtsf] rrf{ x'Fbf v';L nfu]sf] 5 .Ú pgn] uLtsf/sf ¿kdf lrlgg yfn]sf 5g\ .
ca rfF8} k/b]zL hLjgsf] syfnfO{ ;d]l6g] uLt k/b]z kf;fªn] n]v]sf uLtdWo] $ j6fsf]
ahf/df Nofpg nfu]sf 5g\ . of] uLt ;fj{hlgs gx'Fb}
Do'lhs lel8of] alg;s]sf] 5 eg] sl/a !%
j6fhlt cl8of]df cfPsf 5g\ .
pgsf glhssf w]/} ;fyLx¿ efj's eO;s]sf 5g\ .[

56
cf}F jflif{sf]T;j

Joj;fo;Fu}
;fdflhs
;]jfsf] nIo
b] z–ljb]z, htf;'s} ;a}sf] lha|f]df ;lhn} yfxf
x'g] :jfb xf] ysfnL vfgf . of] vfgfdf clxn]
g]kfnL dfq geO{ ljb]zLx¿;d]t kNsg yfn]sf
5g\ . yfnel/ ljleGg kl/sf/sf ;fydf bfn / eftsf] cfO6d
g} ysfnL vfgf xf] . clxn] g]kfn x'Fb} ljb]zdf klg ysfnL
zld{nf z]/rg

vfgfsf] rrf{ x'g yfn]sf] 5 .
cfkm\g} 3/df sfnf] bfndf lhDa' /fv]/ l6Da'/sf]
5f]kdf vfgf ksfpg] k/Dk/f ysfnL ;d'bfosf] xf] . o;}
k/Dk/fcg';f/sf] vfgf :jflbnf] / ;a}sf] lk|o x'Fb} uPsf] 5 .
oxL k/Dk/fcg';f/sf] ysfnL vfgf k:sFb} cfPsL Joj;foL
x'g\ zld{nf z]/rg . pgn] g]kfn x'Fb} cd]l/sfdf klg ysfnL
vfgf Joj;fonfO{ cl3 a9fpFb} cfPsL l5g\ .
pgL Pgcf/PgP pQ/ cd]l/sfsf] pk;+of]hs l8cf/;L
gjLg z]/rgsf] >LdtL x'g\ . b'j}sf] cys k|of;df Go'of]s{sf]
HofS;g xfO6df ;g\ @))* df d':tfª ysfnL lsrg /]:6'/]G6
vf]lnPsf] xf] . hGdynf] hf]d;f]d ahf/af6 ysfnL vfgfnfO{
ljZjJofkLs/0f ub}{ pgLx¿ b'j}hgf Go'of]s{ cfPsf lyP .
/]:6'/]G6df zld{nf k|dv ' ;]kmsf ¿kdf ;'?jftb]lv g} ;lqmo
l5g\ . pgL laxfg !@ ah]b]lv a]ns ' L !! ah];Dd /]:6'/]G6s}
lsrgdf Jo:t x'lG5g\ .
;fgf]cfdfaf6 vfgf ksfpg l;s]sL zld{nfn] Go'of]s{df
cfP/ slxn]sfxLF @ ;ohgf;Ddsf nflu vfgf ksfpg yfn]sL
l5g\ . lsrgdf pgsf] ;xof]uL kfFrhgf eP klg vfgfsf]
kl/sf/x¿sf] l8hfOg pgn] g} ub}{ cfPsL l5g\ . ljb]z k'u]
klg ysfnL vfgfs} :jfbnfO{ lg/Gt/ lbg pgLx¿n] hf]d;f]dsf]
cfkm\g} 3/sf] lhDa', l6Da'/sf] 5f]k / sfnf] bfn cd]l/sfdf
NofpFb} cfPsf 5g\ . rfdn, t/sf/L / df;' cd]l/sfs} eP
klg vfgf kl/sf/;Fu df}lns ysfnL lhDa' / l6Da'/sf] 5f]ksf]
:jfbn] ysfnL vfgfs} dx;'; lbnfPsf 5g\ . &% k|ltzt
g]kfnL / @% k|ltzt cGo d'ns ' sf] u|fxsx¿ cfpg] of] /]:6'/]G6
lsGj; af]/f]sf] @) ljleGg cy]lG6s /]:6'/]G6x¿df !^cf}F
:yfgdf k/]sf] 5 .
ysfnL bDktLn] /]:6'/]G6 rnfpg] qmddf Go'of]s{sf] x/]s
g]kfnL ;d'bfosf] ljleGg sfo{qmdnfO{ ;xof]u ug'{sf] ;fy}
kl5Nnf] ;do g]kfndf e"sDk hfFbf cfly{s ;xof]u klg
u/]sf lyP . Joj;fo;Fu} ;fdflhs ;]jfsf] efjgfn] cf]tk|f]t
zld{nfn] eljiodf ;fdflhs ;]jfsf] efjgfcg'¿k cfkm\g}
lhNnfs} lxtdf s]xL u/f}F eGg] nIocg'¿k kmfpG8];g vf]n]sL
l5g\ . …afnaRrfx¿ x'ls{;s]kl5 Joj;fo;Fu} eljiodf hf]d;f]d ahf/af6 ysfnL vfgfnfO{
lhNnfsf] lxtdf s] u/f}F eGg] ;f]rfO a9\g yfn]sfn] kmfpG8];g ljZjJofkLs/0f ub}{ zld{nfsf] kl/jf/ Go'of]s{
vf]n]sf] 5',Ú pgn] elgg\, …xfdL ljb]zdf eP klg dg k|foM cfPsf lyP . /]:6'/]G6df zld{nf k|d'v ;]kmsf
¿kdf ;'?jftb]lv g} ;lqmo l5g\ .
g]kfndf g} x'G5, t/ g]kfnsf] cl:y/ /fhgLltn] lg/fzf agfpFbf
lsg cem} b]z g;'w]s | f] xf]nf eg]/ lrGtf nfU5 .Ú[

57
cf}F jflif{sf]T;j

sf7df8f+} / kf6gdf Snfl;s 8fodG8 ;~rfng ubf{ub{} cd]l/sf
cfPsf pgLx¿n] ;g\ @))* df Go'of]s{sf] HofS;g xfO6\;df
lSjG; 8fOdG8 PG8 Hj]n/L vf]n]sf x'g\ . lSjG; 8fOdG8n]
Soflnkmf]lg{of / d]l/NofG8df klg k;n lj:tf/ ul/;s]sf] 5 .

Hof S;g xfO6df lrlgPsf] uxgf k;n
xf] lSjG; 8fOdG8 PG8 Hj]n/L .
of] k;nn] ut cS6f]a/df !)
jif{ k"/f u/]sf] 5 . ;"o{ >]i7 -dxh{g_ / ;ld/ dxh{gåf/f
;~rflnt of] k;ndf g]kfnL / cGo d'ns ' sf u|fxs uxgf
lsGg cfpg] u/]sf 5g\ .
nlntk'/sf] kf6gdf hGd]sL ;"o{sf] k'vf{;d]t Joj;fod}
nfu]sf lyP . a'afsf] OF6fe§f sf/vfgf eP klg ljjfx
ePkl5 ;"o{ ;'g, rfFbL, xL/fsf uxgf agfP/ a]Rg] Joj;fodf
nfu]sL x'g\ . sf7df8f}+ / kf6gdf Snfl;s 8fOdG8 rnfpFb}
ubf{ cd]l/sf cfPsf pgLx¿n] ;g\ @))* lSjG; 8fOdG8
PG8 Hj]n/L vf]n]sf lyP . ;g\ !((* b]lv @))# ;Dd
d'DaO{df xL/f / ;'g agfpg] tflnd lnPsL ;"o{n] x/]s
uxgfx¿sf] l8hfOg;Fu} ;'g, rfFbL / xL/fsf] cfsif{s uxgf
agfP/ a]Rb} cfPsL l5g\ .
tflndn] u|fxssf] efjgfcg'¿k h:tf] l8hfOgsf] klg
uxgf agfpg'sf ;fy} ;do;fk]lIft ¿kdf uxgf pTkfbg /
;"o{ >]i7 -dxh{g_ laqmLsf] /fd|f] cg'ej ldn]sf] pgL atfpFl5g\ . pgn] laxfg
!) ah]b]lv a]ns ' L ^ ah];Dd lgoldt ¿kdf k;n rnfpFb}
cfPsL l5g\ . ;'?df >Ldfg\sf] ;fydf of] Joj;fodf nfu]sL
pgn] ljut s]xL jif{b]lv ;xof]uLsf] ;fydf slnu9nfO{
uxgf agfpg nufP/ cfkm}Fn] k;n rnfpFb} cfPsL l5g\ .
lSjG; 8fOdG8n] HofS;g xfO6kl5 s]xL jif{cl3
Soflnkmf]lg{of / d]l/NofG8df klg k;n lj:tf/ u/]sf]
5 . HofS;g xfO6sf] lSjG; 8fOdG8sf] gfddf /x] klg
Soflnkmf]lg{of / elh{lgof Snfl;s 8fOdG8sf] gfddf /x]sf
5g\ . k;ndf pgLx¿n] l;+ufk'/af6 ;'g NofP klg xL/fsf]
uxgfx¿ g]kfnd} pTkfbg ub}{ cfPsf] atfpFl5g\ . pgLx¿sf]
Go'of]s{df /x]sf] k;ndf &) k|ltzt g]kfnL u|fxs 5g\ eg]
#) k|ltzt cGo d'ns ' sf] /x]sf 5g\ . b'O{ 5f]/f / Ps
5f]/LsL cfdf ;"o{ ;kmn uxgf Joj;foLsf] ;fy} ;fdflhs
;+:yfx¿df klg plQs} lqmofzLn l5g\ .
pgL g]jf/x¿sf] ;fdflhs ;+:yf g]jfM u'7Ldf ;'?b]lv
nfUb} cfpg] qmddf clxn] sf]iffWoIf l5g\ . ;"on { ] uxgf
k;nsf] ;fy} g]kfnL ;d'bfosf nflu g]kfnL n'uf sk8f /

nIo
l;nfO a'gfOsf] sfd ug]{ g]kfM km];g xfp; vf]ns ] L l5g\ .
km];g xfp;df cfkm\g} alxgL s?0ff >]i7n] l8hfOg u/]sf]
n'uf laqmL ug's { f ;fy} tLghgf g]kfnL dlxnfaf6 l;nfOsf
sfd eO/x]sf] 5 . pgsf] uxgf k;ndf tLgj6} k;ndf u/L
@) hgfnfO{ /f]huf/L lbPsL l5g\ . To:t} g]kfn / cd]l/sfdf
g]kfnL ;d'bfosf] ;d]t u/L sl/a *) hgf slnu9 /x]sf] pgn] atfOg\ .
…g]kfnL ;d'bfos} ;xof]udf oxfF;Dd cfOk'us ] fn] cem} g]kfnL

lxtdf sfd ug]{ ;d'bfos} efjgfcg'¿k sfd ub}{ hfg] of]hgf agfPsf] 5',Ú
;"on{ ] elgg\, …xfdLn] klg g]kfnL ;d'bfosf] lxtdf s]xL ;xof]u
ub}{ cfO/x]sf 5f}F / cem} ug]{ of]hgf agfPsL 5' .Ú[

58
cf}F jflif{sf]T;j

hLjge/
g]kfn lrgfpg]
sfddf
nflu/xg]5'
g]kfnaf/] b}lgs k|rf/ ug]{ u]Nd'
Go'of]s{df ;fdfg a]Rg] dfq xf]Og,
ko{6ssf] rfxgfcg';f/ g]kfnL
;fdfgsf] l8hfOg;d]t ul5{g\ .

u]Nd' z]kf{

c
;fdfg laqmL u5{g\ .
d]l/sfdf lbgxF' g]kfnaf/] k|rf/ ug]{ Joj;foL
x'g\ u]Nd' z]kf{ . pgL x/]s lbg leGbfleGb}
b]zsf u|fxs;Fu g]kfnsf] avfg ub{} g]kfnL

pgn] eg]s} cfwf/df w]/} ko{6s g]kfn klg k'u] . Go'of]s{df
Eofn]G6fOg 8]sf lbg Go'of]s{ cfOk'u]sL lyOg\ . bDktL g}
cd]l/sf cfpg] klxnf] z]kf{bDktL xf] . g]kfnaf6 cfpg]lalQs}
Go'of]s{sf] rfOgf 6fpgdf sl/a % jif{ a;]/ kmnfl;ªdf 3/
lsGg] klxnf] bDktL;d]t pgLx¿ g} x'g\ .
sl/a @* jif{ kmnfl;ª a;fOkl5 pgL clxn] x8\;g
g]kfnaf/] atfpFb} g]kfndf ag]sf] ;fdfg a]Rg yfn]sf sl/a # EofnLsf] lkm;lsndf >Ldfg\ NxfSkf z]kf{sf] l/6fo/;Fu} a;fOF
bzs x'g nfu]sf] pgn] atfOg\ . ;/]sL x'g\ . pgsf >Ldfg\ c:6]«lnog sG;'n]6df @# jif{ sfd
g]kfn lrgfpgs} nflu pgn] DofgX6gsf] ck/ O:6 ;fO8sf] u/]/ xfn} l/6fo/ ePsf x'g\ . g]kfndf e"sDk cfpFbf crfgs
ltAat lxdfnog luˆ6 PG8 PS;f];/L !* jif{ rnfPsL lyOg\ . la/fdL ePsf pgsf >Ldfg\sf] rfxgfcg'¿k x8\;g EofnLsf]
ToxL k;ndf ljleGg b]zaf6 cfpg] ko{6snfO{ g]kfndf ag]sf] lkm;lsn ;/]sf] pgL atfpFl5g\ . Go'of]s{df z]kf{ lsb'u vf]Ng]af/]
uxgf, sk8f / cGo pkxf/sf] ;fdfgx¿ laqmL ub}{ cfPsL l5g\ . ;]G6«n kfs{df ePsf] 5nkmn;Fu} pgsf >Ldfg\ NxfSkf z]kf{
Go'of]s{df pgL ;fdfg a]Rg] dfq xf]Og, ko{6ssf] efjgfcg';f/ lsb'usf] ;+:yfks jl/i7 pkfWoIf ag]sf lyP .
g]kfnL ;fdfgsf] l8hfOg ub}{ ;fdfg agfP/ a]Rg] klg ul5{g\ . z]kf{ lsb'udf /x]/ nfdf] ;do sfo{ ul/;s]sf u]Nd'
pgn] l8hfOg u/]sf] Wofg ug]{ afpn Go'of]s{df Wofg clxn] lsb'u af]8{ ckm 6«:6L, ;Nnfxsf/ / ljZj z]kf{ d~rsf
ug]{x¿sf] rlr{t ;fdfg ag]sf] 5 . o;sf ;fy} pgL a]nfa]nf pkfWoIf;d]t x'g\ . pgn] clxn];Dd z]kf{ lsb'u, jfNb]g u'Daf,
Go'of]s{df x'g] ljleGg Jofkfl/s ;f]x¿df ;d]t k'u]/ g]kfnsf] lrjfª u'Dafnufot w]/} wfld{s ;+:yfdf ;xof]u ug'{sf ;fy}
;fdfgx¿sf] k|j4{g ul5{g\ . DofgX6gkl5 clxn] pgL ck:6]6 e"sDk cfpFbf u|fxsnfO{ ;Lw} z]kf{ lsb'udf ;xof]u ug{ nufP/
Go'of]s{sf] x8\;g EofnL lkm;lsndf z]kf{ len]h gfds dxTjk"0f{ sfo{ u/]sL lyOg\ . b'O{ 5f]/L / Ps 5f]/fsf cfdf
Jofkfl/s s]Gb| agfpg nfu]sL l5g\ . c;fWo} ldhfl;nf] u]Nd'n] ;'?;'?df g]kfnaf6 Go'of]s{ cfpg]nfO{ a:g, vfgf /
/ ;a}sf] ;xof]udf cl3 a9\b} cfPsL u]Nd' z]kf{ ;dfhdf sfd ldnfOlbg] ;xof]u;d]t u/]sL lyOg\ . …hGde"ld g]kfnnfO{
cd]l/sfdf cfpg] klxnf] dlxnf x'g\ . lrgfpg] sfo{df d slxNo} l/6fo8{ lnlbgF . ;w}F nflu/xg]5',Ú
pgLeGbf cl3 pgs} >Ldfg\ NxfSkf z]kf{ ;g\ !(&( u]Nd'n] elgg\, …hxfF k'u] klg hxfF /x] klg ;a}sf] enf] xf];\ /
df cd]l/sf cfPsf lyP . pgL ;g\ !(*) sf] km]a|'c/L !$ g]kfnsf] /fd|f] xf];\ eGg] rfxG5' .Ú[

59
cf}F jflif{sf]T;j

a]nfdf
kfPsf] cj;/
u'dfpg' xFb' g}
x /]ssf] hLjg syf km/s / /f]rs
x'G5g\ . tL syfx¿ s;}n] ;'gfpF5g\ t
s;}n] n'sfpF5g\ . sltko cj:yfdf
ltg} syfx¿ c¿sf] hLjgdf k|]/0ffsf ;|f]t ag]sf
x'G5g\ . o:t} Ps syf af]s]sf Joj;foL x'g
NxfSkf lbsL Xof]Ndf] . l;Gw'kfNrf]s lhNnfsf]
x]nDa'df hGd]sL NxfSkf lbsL clxn] Go'of]s{sf
Pl;og ;d'bfodfem Ps kl/lrt l/on :6]6
Joj;foL x'g\ . xfn;Dd pgn] ;of}F 3/x¿sf]
lsga]rdf cfˆgf] Jofj;flos bIftfdfkm{t ;kmn
¿kdf Joj;fo ;~rfng ul/;s]sL l5g\ .
Go'of]s{ h:tf] Jo:t ;x/df l/on :6]6
Joj;fodf nfdf] ;dob]lv nfUb} cfPsL pgL
;g\ !((( df cd]l/sf cfPsL x'g\ . cd]l/sf
cfpg'cl3 pgn] sf7df8f}+df cfTdlge{/sf nflu
ljleGg ;Lkd"ns tflnd lnPsL lyOg\, h;dWo]
pgn] yfª\sf agfpg] sfdnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg]
;f]r]sL lyOg\ . t/, gofF cj;/ / e/kbf{] /f]huf/sf]
vf]hLsf] qmddf lab]l;g'k/]sf] lyof] . g]kfndf
cfkm" $ jif{sf] pd]/ x'Fbf a'af laTg' ePkl5 pgn] NxfSkf lbsL
^ sIffeGbf dfly k9\g kfPsL lyOgg\ . Toltv]/
pgsf] ufpFdf k9\g] ljBfyL{ klg lgs} sd lyP /
k9\g rfxg]x¿ klg w]/} sd lyP .
g]kfndf pRr lzIff xfl;n ug{ g;s] klg
pgn] cd]l/sfdf lhO8L u/L ljleGg sf];{x¿ u/]/
;g\ @))% df l/on :6]6 Joj;foLsf] nfO;]G;
lnPsL lyOg\ . g]kfnL ;d'bfodf cf}Fnfdf uGg
;lsg]x¿ ca4 of] If]qdf pgL km'n6fOd l/on6/sf g]kfnL ;d'bfodf cf}+nfdf …;fg}df a'af lat]kl5 k9\g] jftfj/0f geP
¿kdf sfo{/t l5g\ . !) jif{sf] cjlwdf pgn]
uGg ;lsg]dfq l/on :6]6df klg cd]l/sfdf cfP/ k9]/ sfd ug{ kfpFbf v';L
cfj4 /x]sf a]nf pgL nfu]sf] 5,Ú NxfSkfn] elgg\, …xfdL g]kfndf
;oeGbf a9L 3/, sfG8f]ldlgod / sf]ckx¿ km'n6fOd l/on6/sf] ?kdf
a]Rg ;kmn ePsL l5g\ . pgn] a9Lh:tf] 3/x¿ k9\g gkfPsfn] t oxfF s]xL ug{ ;Sbf /x]5f}F eg]
sfo{/t l5g\ . !) jif{sf] g]kfnaf6 /fd|f];Fu k9]/ cfPsfn] t w]/} /fd|f] ug{
g]kfnL ;d'bfonfO{ g} laqmL u/]sL l5g\ . Xof]Ndf] cjwLdf pgn] ;oeGbf
;f];fO6L ckm cd]l/sfsf 6«:6L af]8{ d]Da/;d]t a9L 3/, sfG8f]ldlgod / ;S5g\ . To;}n] ;dod} k9\g] df}sf u'dfpg'xF'b}g .Ú
/x]sL pgL a]nfa]nfdf s;}nfO{ cfkt\ k/]df s]xL sf]ckx¿ laqmL ug{ ;kmn pgL clxn]sf o'jfx¿nfO{ a]n}df lng'kg]{ cj;/x¿
;xof]u ug]{ cj;/ kfpFbf v';L x'lG5g\ . eO;s]sL 5g\ . lngsf nflu cfu|x ug{ rfxlG5g\ .[

60
cf}F jflif{sf]T;j

xl:k6fln6Laf6
l/on :6]6lt/
s[lt /f]sfn] 5f]6f] ;dod} pgn] $ j6f 3/
a]lr;s]sL l5g\ eg] @ j6f laqmLsf] clGtd
r/0fdf /x]sf] 5 . pgL cfˆgf u|fxssf]
cfjZostf / nIoaf/] Psbd} ;r]t /xlG5g\ .

s[lt /f]sf

g] kfnL d"nsL s[lt yfkf @)!! b]lv cd]l/sfdf a:b}
cfPsL l5g\ . lqe'jg ljZjljBfnoaf6 :gfts pgn]
l;6L o'lgel;{6L ckm Go'of]s{af6 xl:k6fln6L 6«fen /
6'l/hddf P;f]l;P6\; l8u|L ;sfPsL l5g\ .
/f]on Sof/]laog qm'h sDkgLdf * jif{ sfd u/]sL pgL sl/c/
o;sf nflu pgL u|fxs;Fu :ki6 s'/f ul5{g\ . h;n] ubf{ 5f]6f]
;dod} pgn] $ j6f 3/ a]lr;s]sL l5g\ eg] @ j6f laqmLsf] clGtd
r/0fdf /x]sf] 5 .
* jif{eGbf a9L cs}{ If]qdf sfd u/]/ cfPsfn] of] If]q s:tf]
nfUb5 < xfd|f] k|Zgdf pgsf] hjfkm lyof], …xfdLn] 3/ laqmL ug]{
kl/jt{gsf nflu Go'of]s{ cfPsL lyOg\ . oxfF pgn] lSjg xf]6n ] df sfd xf] . xfd|f] k|8S6 3/ xf] . bzj6f 3/ b]vfpFbf Pp6} 3/ klg dg gkg{
yflng\ / ;Fu;Fu} b l;6L o'lgel;{6L ckm Go'of]sa{ f6 xl:k6fln6L d]gh
] d]G6 ;S5 . To;df d u|fxssf] l/Sjf/d]G6 x]5{' . nf]s];g, aRrfsf] :s'n
klg ;sfOg\ . To;kl5 Go'h;L{ ;/]sL pgL clxn] OlShS6 l/ofln6L / ;]So'l/6L csf]{ tLg ljifo d'Vo x'g\ . d ln:6 agfpF5' . u|fxsn]
lk|ldo/sf nflu ;]N; l/k|l] G6l6e 5g\ . cfˆgf u|fxssf] cfjZostf / s:tf] vfnsf] 3/ rfxG5 eGg] a'em]/ dfq b]vfP pxfFx¿ ;Gt'i6
nIoaf/] Psbd} ;r]t pgL l/on :6]6nfO{ cgluGtL JolQmsf] cd]l/sg x'G5g\ . u|fxs ;Gt'i6 ePkl5 cfkm" ;Gt'i6 gx'g] s'/} 5}g .Ú
;kgf ;Daf]wg ug{ jiff}+{ rln/xg] cj;/sf ¿kdf :jLsf/ ul5{g\ . cfkm"n] klxnf] 3/ a]Rbf g} u|fxs v';L ePsf] / c¿
…^ dlxgf k'Uof] of] If]qdf cfPsf],Ú s[ltn] elgg\ . Go'of]s{af6 u|fxs kfpFb} uPsf] pgL atfpFl5g\ . o; If]qdf sl/c/ agfpg
Go'h;L{ cfpFbf cfkm}Fn] 3/ lsGg] k|f];];af6} l/on :6]6 Ph]G6 aGg rfxg] g]kfnLnfO{ pgsf] ;'emfj 5, …g]kfnLx¿ cfpg'k5{ . 3/
dg nfu]sf] ;'gfOg\ . To;kl5 pgn] l/;r{ ul/g\ . l/on :6]6 :s'ndf b]vfP/ sG6«ØfS6 ;fOg u/]/ dfq 3/ lslgFb}g . o;sf nflu
Snf; lnOg\ / nfO;]G; lnOg\ . nfO;]G; kfP/ dfq sfd ug{ sxfF ljleGg k|f];]; x'G5g\ . olb g]kfnLx¿ of] k|f];]; u/]/ x]Nk u/] w]/}
;lhnf] x'G5 / < pgL OlShS6 sDkgLdf cfa4 eOg\ / ldl/odh:tL g]kfnLn] 3/ lsGg ;S5g\ . 3/ g} dxTjk"0f{ xf] . /]G6df a:g'eP
/fd|f] cg'ejL d]G6/ kfP/ pgnfO{ of] sfddf ;lhnf] eof] . !$ jif{ s]xL x'Fb}g . 3/ ePkl5 3/sf] df]u]{h ltg{'k5{ . df]u]{h ltb}{ hfFbf
o; If]qdf sfd u/]sL ldl/od s[ltsL d]G6/ x'g\ . 3/sf] Eofn' t xfO{ x'Fb} hfG5 . o; If]qdf cfpg rfxg]nfO{
Go'h;L{df 3/ lsGg' / a]Rg' b'j} ufx|f] s'/f ePsf] pgsf] ufx|f]df d x]Nk ug{ ;S5' . l6d x'G5 .Ú
cg'ej 5 . t/, ;Dej gePsf] rflxF k6Ss} x}g eg]/ pgL bfaL cfufdL of]hgf s] t < s[lt cfufdL lbgdf oxL k];fnfO{
ul5{g\ . lagfof]hgf 3/ lsGg vf]Hg]n] klg lgs} b'Mv kfpF5g\ . emg\ lg/Gt/tf lbg rfxlG5g\ . elG5g\, …tLg jif{ sfd u/]kl5 cfˆg} clkm;
g]kfnLn] w]/} . oxL ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{ / u|fxsnfO{ ;Gt'li6 lbg] vf]Ng ;S5' . cfˆg} clkm; vf]n]kl5 w]/}nfO{ sfd lbg ;S5' . o;n]
p2]Zo s[ltsf] /x]sf] 5 . kSs} klg g]kfnLnfO{ klg kmfObf x'G5 xf]nf .Ú[

61
cf}F jflif{sf]T;j

cd]l/sf cfPb]lv z]kf{
lsb'u u'Dafsf] k|d'v wd{u'? nfdf
6'Ns'n] lsb'uåf/f efiff, wd{ /
;+:s[lt ;+/If0fsf nflu
;~rflnt kf7zfnf l/U;'ª
nf]K6fdf cWoog ug]{nfO{ $
jif{b]lv g} 7f]df -qmf]wLsnLsf]
;fwgf_ l;sfpFb} cfPsf 5g\ .

cjtf/L
nfdf
6'Ns'

c d]l/sL z]kf{ ;d'bfodf hGd, ljjfx /
d[To' ;+:sf/sf] wfld{s sfo{x¿df ;a}n]
af]nfpg] wfld{s JolQmTj xf] nfdf 6'Ns'
-pu]{g z]kf{_ . z]kf{ ;dfhdf pxfF cfjtf/L nfdfsf ¿kdf
lrlgPsf 5g\ .
;dfTg], 3G6L ahfpg], no ldnfP/ pRrf/0f ug]{ / Wofg
ug]{ tl/sf nfdf 6'Ns'n] ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ l;sfpFb} cfPsf
5g\ . pgn] l;sfPsf] 7f]df x/]s dlxgfsf] @%cf}F lbg
-lª;' ªcf_ 9flsgLsf] ljz]if lbgsf cj;/df sl/a #
bh{g ;j{;fwf/0f / nfdfx¿n] lsb'usf] u'Dafdf 9flsgLsf]
;f]n'v'Da'sf] a'ª lv/f}n]df hGd]sf pgL sf7df8f}+ k"hfdf lg/Gt/ 7f]df ub}{ cfPsf 5g\ .
af}4l:yt lªªdf OlG:6Ro'6df rf/ jif{ pRr lzIff 6'Ns'af6 of] tflnd lnPkl5 b'Gh'd l/Dkf]r]sf]
cWoog;Fu} nfdf] ;do z]kf{ ;]jf s]Gb|df 5]r' 5f]Skfsf gflt uf/a l/Dkf]r]sf] cleif]s lnP/ dfq ljBfyL{x¿n]
¿kdf sfo{/t lyP . ;g\ @))! df cd]l/sf cfOk'u]sf u'Dafdf 7f]df ub{} cfPsf 5g\ . Go'of]s{sf] z]kf{ ;d'bfodf
nfdf 6'Ns'n] cd]l/sf cfPb]lv z]kf{ ;dfh dfq geO{ clxn];Dd $% hgfnfO{ nfdf 6'Ns'n] 7f]dfsf] tflnd
lxdfnog sDo'lg6L / cGo ;d'bfosf] wfld{s sfo{x¿sf] lbO;s]sf 5g\ . tflnd lnPsfx¿ x/]s aif{sf] n]a/ 8]
sd{sf08 ul/lbFb} cfPsf 5g\ . labfsf] ;b'kof]u ub}{ Go'of]s{sf] ck:6]6df uf/a l/Dkf]r]sf]
cd]l/sf cfPb]lv z]kf{ lsb'u u'Dafsf] k|dv
' wd{u?' pkl:yltdf klg Ps xKtf 7f]df cEof; ub}{ cfPsf 5g\ .
nfdf 6'Ns'n] lsb'uåf/f efiff, wd{ / ;+:s[lt ;+/If0fsf nflu ljb]zsf] Jo:ttf aLr klg nfdf 6'Ns'n] 7f]df l;sfpg'sf
;~rflnt kf7zfnf l/U;'ª nf]K6fdf cWoog ug]n { fO{ $ ;fy} lxdfnog ;d'bfocGtu{tsf] ljleGg ;d'bfox¿
jif{bl] v g} 7f]df -qmf]wLsnLsf] ;fwgf_ l;sfpFb} cfPsf 5g\ . / ljb]zLx¿ d[To' ePsf] 7fpFdf klg d[tssf] cfTdf
e'OdF f kn]6Ldf a;]/ Ps xftn] 7"nf] 8d? ahfpFb} csf]{ xftn] zflGtsf] k|fy{gfdf af]nfpg]lalQs} hfg] u/]sf 5g\ . af]:6g,
3G6L ahfP/ no nufP/ ul/g] ;fwgf g} 7f]df xf] . sg]l6s]6, aflN6df]/, elh{lgof, lkmnf8]nlkmof / jfl;ª6g
ah|fofgsf] pRr txsf] of] 7f]df ;fwgfdf 8d? l8;L;Dd d[To' ;+:sf/df k'U5g\ pgL .[

62
cf}F jflif{sf]T;j

nf]kg] nf]k]g ludL{ 5f]9sn] l/U;'ª
l;sfpgsf ;fy} af}4 wd{sf] dxTjk"0f{
kf7x¿ abf]{ yf]6f]n, UofNr]g nun]g,

ludL{ 5f]9s zfSo n]U;], 8f]N5s, Rjf]y'h]
5]Ga'x¿sf] k|jrg lbFb} cfPsf 5g\ .

z] kf{ lsb'un] af}4 wd{ / ;+:s[ltsf] ;+/If0fsf nflu
HofS;g xfO6df z]jL{ l/U;'ª nf]K6f z]kf{ wd{ /
;+:s[lt kf7zfnf vf]n]sf] gf} jif{ k'u]sf] 5 .
kf7zfnfdf ;'?b]lv g} k|d'v k|lzIfssf ¿kdf nf]k]g ludL{ 5f]9sn]
1fg lbFb} cfO/x]sf 5g\ .
cd]l/sfdf cfPnuQ} Ps jif{ Go'h;L{df latfPkl5 ;g\ @))( sf]
gf]e]Da/ ( af6 z]jL{ l/U;'ª nf]K6fdf 1fg afF9\g yfn]sf lyP . nf]K6fdf
af}4 wd{sf] cfwf/e"t 1fg s, v k9\g l;sfpg]b]lv SofD8f]nufot
ljleGg cfwf/e"t af}4 1fgx¿ lbFb} cfPsf lyP . pgn] ;'?b]lv x/]s
zlgaf/ l;sfpg] uy{] eg] x/]s cfOtaf/ a'4 wd{sf] dxTjk"0f{ ljifodf
pgn] wfld{s k':ts k9\g l;sfpgsf ;fy} af}4 wd{sf] cfwf/e"t k|jrg lbFb} cfPsf 5g\ . pgn] clxn];Dd sl/a % ;oeGbf a9LnfO{
1fgx¿ l;sfpFb} cfPsf 5g\ . ;f]n'v'Da'sf] t]ªaf]r] u'Dafdf * 1fg afFl8;s]sf 5g\ . l/U;'ª ;'? ePnuQ} ;a}sf] rfxgfcg'¿k pgn]
jif{sf] cWoog / b]x/fb'gsf] ldlngl7r]g u'Dafsf] cWoogkl5 cfˆg} 5]rs' f] nfdfx¿ / l/U;'ªsf] ljBfyL{sf] cfjZostfnfO{ dgg u/]sf]
ufpFa:tLsf] t]ªaf]r] u'Dafd} % jif{ lzIfs u/]sf lyP . wfld{s k':tsx¿ ªo'ªg], 8f]N5of]s, 5]Ro' / 7of]dfsf k':tsx¿
To;kl5 k'gM pRr lzIffsf nflu d};'/df uP/ !# jif{sf] cfkm}Fn] agfPsf lyP . pgn] l/U;'ª l;sfpgsf ;fy} af}4 wd{sf]
pRr lzIff k"/f u/]kl5 d};'/l:yt 5of]u]n :of8'lAnª cfgL u'Dafdf dxTjk"0f{ kf7x¿ abf]{ yf]6f]n, UofNr]g nun]g, zfSo n]U;], 8f]N5s,
OGrfh{ / lzIfs eP/ # jif{ latfPsf lyP . ef/tsf] cWoog / Rjf]yh' ] 5]Ga'x¿sf] k|jrg lbFb} cfPsf 5g\ . clxn] x/]s zlgaf/sf]
lzIf0f;Fu} g]kfn kms]{kl5 t]ªaf]r] RjfjL nfdfsf] ljz]if cf1fdf lbg z]kf{ ;d'bfo dfq geO{ af}4 wd{df cf:yf ePsf] c¿ ljleGg
pgn] z]kf{ efiffsf] l8S;g/L n]Vg $ jif{ vr]{sf lyP . cWoog / ;d'bfox¿ klg cfpg yfn]sf 5g\ . cfOtaf/ eg] z]kf{ efiff, wd{ /
cWofkg;Fu} pgL ;g\ @))* df cd]l/sf cfPsf x'g\ . ;+:s[ltaf/] k|lzIf0f lbFb} cfPsf 5g\ .[

63
cf}F jflif{sf]T;j

kl08t zf:qLn] cd]l/sfdf
;gftg wd{sf] /Iff /
;+j4{gsf nflu Go'of]s{sf]
ljleGg g]kfnL ;d'bfosf]
ljljw wfld{s sfo{x¿df
;xof]u ub{} cfO/x]sf 5g\ .

kl08t
p4j
zf:qL

c d]l/sfdf lxGb' wd{jnfDaLsf] x/]s wfld{s ultljlwdf ;lqmo ¿kdf dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf lgjf{x ub}{ cfPsf
wfld{s JolQm x'g\ kl08t p4j zf:qL . sfe|]sf] ag]kfdf hGd]sf zf:qLn] g]kfndf P;Pn;L ;s]nuQ}
jgf/;sf] ;Dk"0f{gGbf ;+:s[lt ljZjljBfnoaf6 ;flxTo / Hof]ltif ljifodf :gftsf]Q/ u/]sf lyP .
pgL ;g\ @)!@ df cd]l/sf cfPb]lv l/Ho'p8df a;f]af; ub}{ cfO/x]sf 5g\ . kl08t zf:qLn] cd]l/sfdf ;gftg
wd{sf] /Iff / ;+j4{gsf nflu Go'of]s{sf] ljleGg g]kfnL ;d'bfosf] ljljw wfld{s sfo{x¿df ;xof]u ub{} cfO/x]sf 5g\ .
pgs} kxndf l/Hop8df ;g\ @)!# b]lv x/]s df3 dlxgfb]lv k'gM :j:yfgL j|t syfsf] ;'?jft ug'{sf] ;fy} ;g\ @)!^
df klxnf] ;fd"lxs j|taGw u/]sf lyP .
o;sf ;fy} lxGb' ;dfhdf ljjfx, j|taGw, hGd / d[To' ;+:sf/sf] ;Dk"0f{ ;+:sf/x¿df ;3fpFb} cfPsf 5g\ .
Go'of]s{df ;g\ @)!& df ePsf] dxfk'/f0fsf] pkjfrs pgL l/Ho'p8 ;f];fO6Ln] :yfkgf u/]sf] b'uf{ dlGb/df b}lgs
k"hfkf7sf ;fy} PsfbzLdf ehg–sLt{g, s[i0ffi6fdLdf s[i0f ¥ofnL, g]kfn 8] k/]8h:tf sfo{qmdx¿df ehg–sLt{g ub{}
cfPsf 5g\ . pgL Hof]ltif lj1fgdf klg plQs} ;lqmo 5g\ .[

64
CHHETRY & ASSOCIATES P.C
cf}F jflif{sf]T;j

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cf}F jflif{sf]T;j

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66
cf}F jflif{sf]T;j

Xof/L e08f/L …xfp; ckm c d]l/sL dWofjlw
lgjf{rgdf g]kfnLd"nsf
Xof/L -PraL_ e08f/L

8]lnu]6\;Údf lgjf{lrt xfp; ckm 8]lnu]6\;df lgjf{lrt
ePsf 5g\ . e08f/L d]l/NofG8sf]
l8l:6«S6–* af6 lgjf{lrt xfp; ckm
8]lnu]6\;df ePsf x'g\ .
gf]e]Da/ ^ df ;DkGg dWofjlw lgjf{rgdf tLghgf lgjf{lrt x'g] If]qaf6 gf]e]Da/ ^ df ;DkGg dWofjlw
Xof/Ln] bf];|f] :yfgdf xfl;n u/]sf x'g\ . PraL of] If]qaf6 8]df]qm\of6 lgjf{rgdf tLghgf lgjf{lrt x'g] If]qaf6
Xof/Ln] bf];|f] :yfgdf xfl;n u/]sf
kf6L{af6 pDd]b\jf/ lyP . of];Fu} Xof/L cd]l/sL d"nwf/sf] /fhgLltdf x'g\ . PraL of] If]qaf6 8]df]qm\of6
k|j]z ug]{ klxnf] g]kfnLd"nsf k|ltlglw ePsf 5g\ . kf6L{af6 pDd]b\jf/ lyP . of];Fu} Xof/L

67
cf}F jflif{sf]T;j

cd]l/sL d"nwf/sf] /fhgLltdf k|j]z ug]{ klxnf] /fhgLltdf xf]ldPsf lyP .
g]kfnLd"nsf k|ltlglw ePsf 5g\ . Ps 5f]/f / Ps 5f]/Lsf lktf e08f/L ;g\
k];fn] lzIfs e08f/L g]kfnsf] kj{t @))* df ePsf] /fi6«kltsf] lgjf{rgdf af/fs
lhNnfdf hGd]sf lyP . e08f/L 8]df]qm\of6 cf]afdfsf] ;xof]uL cleofgaf6} cd]l/sL
kf6L{df sl/a Ps bzsb]lv ;lqmo ¿kdf nfUb} /fhgLltdf nfu]sf x'g\ . Toltv]/ pgn] ;'k/
cfPsf 5g\ . Åof/LnfO{ lhtfpg cd]l/sfsf ef]n]lG6o/s} ¿kdf lgs} d]xgt u/]sf lyP . ToxL
ljleGg /fHodf /x]sf g]kfnL ;d'bfosf] lg/Gt/ k|lqmofaf6 pgn] of] cj;/ kfPsf x'g\ .
k|ltlglwx¿sf] ;fy} 8]df]qm]6\; kf6L{n] s8f o;k6ssf] lgjf{rgs} nflu e08f/Ln]
d]xgt u/]sf lyP . 8]9 jif{b]lv 3/3/df ef]6 dfUg wfPsf
cd]l/sL d"nwf/sf] /fhgLltdf nfUb} lyP . sf]xL ge]6] lr¶L n]v]/ ef]6 dfUy] .
cfPsf e08f/L 8]df]qm]l6s kf6L{sf] d]/LNofG8 g]kfnLnufot c¿ b]zsf :jo+;]js;lxt
/fHosf] s]G›Lo ;b:odf w]/} dt NofP/ pgL ^ xhf/ 3/x¿df ef]6 dfUg k'u]sf lyP .
lgjf{lrt ePsf lyP . ljwfg;ef ;b:osf …cd]l/sL e"ldsf Ps bzssf] /fhgLlt ofqf
nflu tLghgf lgjf{lrt x'g]df pgn] bf];|f] a9L hlt sl7g eP klg casf] k':tf / g]kfnL
dt NofPsf lyP . pgn] :6]6 cd]l/sgsf] klxrfgsf] nflu /fd|f] cg'ej
8]lnu]6\;sf] 8]df]qm]l6s kf6L{sf] k|fOd/Ldf % lnO/x]sf 5fF},Ú pgn] eg] .
xhf/ # ;o &^ dt k|fKt u/]sf lyP eg] o;k6ssf] lgjf{rgdf e08f/LnfO{
d]l/NofG8 8]df]qm]l6s kf6L{sf] s]G›Lo ;ldltsf] cd]l/sfsf] aflN6df]/l:yt …b aflN6df]/ Xof/Ln] :6]6 8]lnu]6\;sf]
;b:o kbdf % xhf/ & ;o ^% dt k|fKt ;gÚ gfds klqsf, aflN6df]/ l6r/ o'lgog, 8]df]qm]l6s kf6L{sf] k|fOd/Ldf %
u/L ljhoL ePsf lyP . :6]6 8]lnu]6\;sf] cd]l/sfe/s} l6r/ o'lgog, :yfgLo g]tfx¿
lgjf{rgdf !^ jif{b]lv ljwfg;ef ;b:o /x]sf l;g]6/ / d]l/NofG8sf] l:ks/sf] sfof{noaf6 xhf/ # ;o &^ dt k|fKt u/]sf
Pl/s a|fd/eGbf s]xL dtsf] cGt/n] e08f/L ;xof]u / ;dy{g kfPsf lyP . ;g @)!# lyP eg] d]l/NofG8 8]df]qm]l6s
bf];|f] ePsf x'g\ . b]lv of]ª 8]df]qm]6\; ckm cd]l/sfsf kf6L{sf] s]G›Lo ;ldltsf] ;b:o
nfdf] ;do aflN6df]/ l;6L sDo'lg6L dfOgf]l/6L ss;sf] /fli6«o dxf;lrjsf] ¿kdf kbdf % xhf/ & ;o ^% dt
sn]hdf lzIfssf] ¿kdf sfo{/t e08f/Ln] sfo{ ub{} cfPsf e08f/L xfn} d]l/NofG8af6
gofF k':tfnfO{ d"nwf/sf] /fhgLltdf ;dflxt cd]l/sg lzIfsx¿sf] dxf;+3sf] k|ltlglwdf k|fKt u/L ljhoL ePsf lyP .
u/fpgs} nflu …l6r/ km/ 8]lnu]6\;Ú gf/fsf ;fy klg lgjf{lrt ePsf lyP .

68
cf}F jflif{sf]T;j

lsDkmaf6 p7]sf] /sd b'u{d ufpFsf] ljBfnonfO{

t];|f] lsDkmaf6 p7]sf] /sd
x]nDa'sf] hlDaofªnfO{

Pe/]:6 6fOD; klqsfn] l;Gw'kfNrf]ssf] x]nDa' ufpFkflnsfl:yt ;xof]u ug{ kfpg' uj{sf] s'/f xf] .Ú
j8f ^ cGtu{t Orf]ssf] 3f]K6]£ofªdf /x]sf] hlDaofª k|fljnfO gub ljBfnon] k|fKt u/]sf] ;xof]u ljBfnosf] ejg agfpg k|of]u
;xof]u k|bfg u¥of] . ul/g] ;ldltsf cWoIf Xof]Ndf]n] atfP . …e"sDkkl5 :s'nsf] ejg
e"sDkkl5 klg s'g} ;xof]u gk'u]sf] / ljs6 pQm :yfgdf eTs]sf] lyof], pQm /sd cfPkl5 clxn] lhNnfaf6 ;d]t ;xof]u
klqsfsf k|wfg;Dkfbs cfªl5l/ª z]kf{n] ! nfv %) xhÞf/ %% cfPsf] 5,Ú pgn] eg] . sIff % ;Ddsf] k9fO x'g'kg]{ ljBfnodf
?k}ofF sflQs ( ut] ljBfno Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf cWoIf lgdf ejg gx'Fbf / lzIfs sd x'Fbf ljBfyL{ 36\b} uPsf] pQm j8fsf
Xof]Ndf] z]kf{nfO k|bfg u/]sf x'g\ . j8fWoIf ;'s'/fd tfdfªn] l:jsf/] . pQm :yfgaf6 csf]{ :s'n k'Ug
Pe/]:6 6fOD;n] sf7df8f}+ OG6/g];gn lkmNd km]l:6en -lsDkm_ tLg 3G6f k}bn lxF8\g'kg]{ ePsfn] HofDa]ofªsf] csf]{ ljsNk g/x]sf]
cGtu{t 6«felnª lsDkm Go'of]s{af6 p7]sf] /sdaf6 lsDkmnfO{ Ps pgL atfpF5g\ . ljBfnodf b/aGbLsf b'O{hgf lzIfs dfq /x]sf]
nfv k|bfg u/]kl5 afFsL /x]sf] /sd ljBfnonfO{ k|bfg ul/Psf] j8fWoIf tfdfªn] hgfP .
k|wfg;Dkfbs z]kf{n] atfP . lxdfn P;f]l;P;g / Pe/]:6 6fOD;sf] cfof]hgfdf ut h'nfO
z]kf{n] eg], …lkmNd b]vfP/ ar]sf] /sd :s'nsf] z}lIfs @)!& df Go'of]s{df lsDkm cfof]hgf ul/Psf] lyof] . klqsfn]
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)^(, df3 #–!* )^(, df3 !(– kmfu'g $ )^(, kmfu'g $– !&
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2013, March 1-15 2013, March 16-30 2013, April 1-15

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2013, April 16-30 2013, May 1-15 2013, May 16-30

jif{ %, c+s !@, @)^(, j}zfv # – !&, @)&) (16-30, April 2013) www.everesttimesnews.com k[i7 #@, d"NoM $ 1 jif{ %, c+s !#, @)^(, j}zfv !* – #!, @)&) (1-15, May 2013) www.everesttimesnews.com k[i7 #@,$1NoMd" jif{ %, c+s !$, @)^(, h]7 !–!^, @)&) (16-30, May 2013) www.everesttimesnews.com k[i7 #@,$1NoMd"

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2013, June 1-15 2013, June 16-30 2013, July 1-15

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2013, July 16-31 2013, August 1-15 2013, August 16-31

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(1-15, December 2012)
www.everesttimesnews.com
www.everesttimesnews.com
k[i7 #@, (1-15, December 2012)
www.everesttimesnews.com
www.everesttimesnews.com
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............................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................ k[i7 #@, d"NoM $ 1 d"NoM $ 1
(1-15, December 2012)
www.everesttimesnews.com
www.everesttimesnews.com
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