EE-GATE 2018

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 EE-GATE 2018

Section-I: General Ability

1. Functions F(a,b) and G(a,b) are defined as follows:

F(a,b) = (a-b)2 and G(a,b) =|a-b|, where |x| represents the absolute value of x.
What would be the value of G(F(1,3), G(1,3))?
(A) 2 (B) 4 (C) 6 (D) 36
Key: (A)
Exp: Given,
F  a, b    a  b  and G  a, b   a  b
2

 F 1,3  1  3 ;  G 1,3  1  3
2

 F 1,3  4 ;  G 1,3  2
 G  F 1,3 , G 1,3   G  4, 2    F 1,3  4&G 1,3  2 
 4  2   G  a, b   a  b 
 G  F 1,3 , G 1,3   2

2. “Since you have gone off the ____________, the _________ sand is likely to damage the car.”
The words that best fill the blanks in the above sentence are
(A) course, coarse (B) course, course (C) coarse, course (D) coarse, coarse
Key: (A)

3. “A common misconception among writers is that sentence structure mirrors thought; the more
_______ the structure, the more complicated the ideas.”
The word that best fills the blank in the above sentence is
(A) detailed (B) simple (C) clear (D) convoluted
Key: (D)

 k  2 2
4. For what values of k given below is an integer?
k 3
(A) 4,8,18 (B) 4, 10, 16 (C) 4,8,28 (D) 8, 26, 28
Key: (C)
 k  2
2

Exp: Actually we can find an infinite no. of values of k, for which to be an integer
k 3
From the given choices;
 k  2  4  2
2 2

If k  4, then   36  integer.
k 3 43

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 EE-GATE 2018

 k  2 8  2 
2 2
100
If k  8, then    20  integer
k 3 83 5
 28  2  30
2 2
30  30
If k=28, then    36  integer.
28  3 25 25

5. The three roots of the equation f(x) = 0 are x = {-2, 0, 3}. What are the three values of x for which
f(x-3) = 0?
(A) -5, -3, 0 (B) -2, 0, 3 (C) 0, 6, 8 (D) 1, 3, 6
Key: (D)
Exp: Given that;
X= -2, 0, 3 are the 3 roots of f  x   0.

i.e., f  2  0, f  0  0 and f 3  0.

Now we should find the values of x for which
f  x  3  0  x  3  2; x  3  0; x  3  3
 f  2   0; f  0   0; f  3  0 
 x  2  3; x  3; x  6
 x  1, 3, 6

6. A class of twelve children has two more boys than girls. A group of three children are randomly
picked from this class to accompany the teacher on a field trip. What is the probability that the
group accompanying the teacher contains more girls than boys?
325 525 5
(A) 0 (B) (C) (D)
864 864 12
Key: (B)
Exp: Given, a class of 12 children has no two more boys than girls.
Let, the no.of girls  x
Then no.of boys  x  2
 x   x  2   12
 2x  10
x 5
No.of Grils  5
No.of Boys  7
 Total no. of ways of selection of 3 children = 12C3  n  s 
Let A be the event that no. of girls are more than boys

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 EE-GATE 2018

Case   I  Case   II 
i.e.  or  Two cases possible
3G & 0B 2G & 1B

Favorable no. of ways of A 5C3  7C0  5C2  7C1

 10  70  80 5C2  5C3  10
n  A  80 80  3!
 Prob  A    12 
n  S C3 12  11  10
80  6 8 4 325
   0.3636
12  11  10 22 11 864
325
 Req Pr ob 
864

7. An e-mail password must contain three characters. The password has to contain one numeral from 0
to 9, one upper case and one lower case character from the English alphabet. How many distinct
passwords are possible?
(A) 6,760 (B) 13,520 (C) 40,560 (D) 1,05,456
Key: (C)
Exp: We know that;
Total no. of digits  0,1,2,....9

Total no. of upper case English alphabets  26 A,B,C,...., Z

Total no. of lower case English alphabets  26a,b,c,....,z

 No. of ways of selecting a digit out of 10  10C1  10
No. of ways of selecting an upper case alphabet  26C1  26
No. of ways of selecting an lower case alphabet  26C1  26
 Permutation = selection + arrangement
 Total no.of distinct passwords  10  26  26  3!
1  A  a  arrangement of
      3things
2 B   b
. 
3 
 
. 
.  . 


.    .  arrangement
.  .   
 
9  Z 
  Z
 

Selection
 6760  6  3!  6
 40,560

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 EE-GATE 2018

8. In a certain code, AMCF is written as EQGJ and NKUF is written as ROYJ. How will DHLP be
written in that code?
(A) RSTN (B) TLPH (C) HLPT (D) XSVR
Key: (C)
Exp: Given

4 4 4 4

A MCFE QG J & N K U F R O Y J

4 4 4 4

4 4

 DH L P  H LP T

4 4

9. A designer uses marbles of four different colours for his designs. The cost of each marble is the
same, irrespective of the colour. The table below shows the percentage of marbles of each colour
used in the current design. The cost of each marble increased by 25%. Therefore, the designer
decided to reduce equal numbers of marbles of each colour to keep the total cost unchanged. What
is the percentage of blue marbles in the new design?

Blue Black Red Yellow

40% 25% 20% 15%

(A) 35.75 (B) 40.25 (C) 43.75 (D) 46.25

Key: (C)
Exp: Assume that,
Total no. of marbles = 100
C.P of 1 marble =Rs 100
Total C.P of 100 marbles  100  100
New cost price of 1 marble = Rs 125 [Given]
100  100
No. of marbles with new price   80
125
 No.of reduced marbles  100  80  20  5  5  5  5  20
 Blue Black Red Yellow 
Now; the no. of blue marbles = 40-5=35
Total no. of marbles =10-20=80

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 EE-GATE 2018

 35 
 % of blue marbles in new design    100  %
 80 
 35  5 
 %
 4 
 43.75%

10. P,Q,R and S crossed a lake in a boat that can hold a maximum of two persons, with only one set of
oars. The following additional facts are available.
(i) The boat held two persons on each of the three forward trips across the lake and one person on
each of the two return trips.
(ii) P is unable to row when someone else is in the boat.
(iii) Q is unable to row with anyone else except R.
(iv) Each person rowed for at least one trip.
(v) Only one person can row during a trip.
Who rowed twice?
(A) P (B) Q (C) R (D) S
Key: (C)
Exp: Section of 2 persons out of 4 (P, Q, R, S), i.e., 4C 2 = 6ways

PQ PR PS QR QS RS

3 forward trips Two person can travel

From the fact (i), there are  
2 returned trips only 1 person travel
From the facts (ii) and (iii); P and Q should not travel.
To satisfy (iv) fact; only Q and R should travel in 1st trip.

First trip : Q Rowed in forward trip R,Q

Q

R Rowed in return trip R

Second trip : In 2nd trip only R & P should travel.

R Rowed in forward trip P, R
R

P Rowedin return trip P

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 EE-GATE 2018

P,S S
Third trip : In 3rd triponly P & Swill travel
S must rowed in forward trip  From  ii  fact 
 R rowed twice.

Section-II: Electrical Engineering

1. Four power semiconductor devices are shown in the figure along with their relevant terminals. The
devices (s) that can carry dc current continuously in the direction shown when gated appropriately
is (are)
A MT1 A
D

K K G
G G MT2 G
I I I S
I
Thyristor Triac GTO
MOSFET

(A) Triac only (B) Triac and MOSFET

(C) Triac and GTO (D) Thyristor and Triac
Key: (B)
Exp: SCR: conducts only from anode to cathode
Triac:
A

I
G
K

(1) Triac is combination of two anti parallel SCRs

Triac
MT1

G
MT2

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 EE-GATE 2018

1  ve & MT2 is  ve
(2) When MTis


(3) When MT1 is  ve & MT2 is  ve

G
I

GTO: GTO conducts only from anode to cathode

G
K

MOSFET
D D

G G
S S
(1) When D is + ve & S is –ve, diode is OFF

D   ve 

S ve 
I

(2) When D is –ve & S is +ve, diode is ON

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 EE-GATE 2018

vin
2. The op-amp shown in the figure is ideal. The input impedance is given by
t in

i in Z

V0


Vin 
R1
R2

R1 R2 R1
(A) Z (B)  Z (C) Z (D)  Z
R2 R1 R1  R 2
Key: (B)
Exp: Given op- Amp is ideal
Z
i in

V0


Vin 
V
R1
R2

By virtual ground concept

Vin  V
Vin  V0
iin 
Z
By voltage divider principle
V  R2
Vin  V  0
R1  R 2
 R 
V0  Vin 1  1 
 R2 
R1
Vin  Vin  Vin
R2 R1
iin   Vin
Z ZR 2
Vin R
 Z 2
iin R1

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 EE-GATE 2018

3. Two wattmeter method is used for measurement of power in a balanced three phase load supplied
from a balanced three phase system. If one of the wattmeters reads half of the other (both positive),
then the power factor of the load is
(A) 0.532 (B) 0.632 (C) 0.707 (D) 0.866
Key: (D)
Exp:  In two Wattmeter of power measurement we know
 3  1  2  
  tan 1    well known standard formula 
 1  2 
 It is given that one meter reads half of the other
1   
 2   or wecan take 1  2 
2 2 
   
 3  1  1  
   tan 1   2

  1  
  1  2  
  
   
 3 1 
   tan 1   2 
  
 3  1  
 2 
1
   tan 1    30
3
 power factor  cos 
3
 cos 30   0.866
2

4. The graph of a network has 8 nodes and 5 independent loops. The number of branches of the graph
is
(A) 11 (B) 12 (C) 13 (D) 14
Key: (B)
Exp:  we know in a network
 b   n  1
Where : number of loops = 5 (given)
b : number of branches (to be found)
h : number of nodes = 8 (given)
  b  n 1
 5  b  8 1
 b  12

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 EE-GATE 2018

5. A continuous time input signal x(t) is an eigenfunction of an LTI system, if the output is
(A) kx(t), where k is an eigenvalue
(B) ke jt x  t  , where k is an eigenvalue e jt is a complex exponential signal
(C) x(t) e jt , where e jt is a complex exponential signal
(D) kH   , where k is an eigenvalue and H   is a frequency response of the system
Key: (A)
Exp: Consider for example eigen function, x  t   est

est ht y  t   H  s  est

Where H(s) is Laplace transform of h(t).

At specific S  S0 , H S0  becomes a constant quantity.

Thus y  t   K.est or K.x  t 

Where „K’ is eigen value.
Thus option (A) is correct.
In option (B) extra frequency forms one getting generated at output which is not possible for LTI
system.
Option (C) and Option (D) one also not the correct answer due to extra frequency term getting
generated in output.

6. In the logic circuit shown in the figure, Y is given by

A
B
Y
C
D

(A) Y=ABCD (B) Y = (A+B) (C+D) (C) Y=A+B+C+D (D) Y=AB+CD

Key: (D)
A M  AB
Exp: y  MN B
Y
y  AB. CD
C
y  AB  CD D N  CD

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 EE-GATE 2018

z 1
7. The value of the integral z
C
2
4
dz in counter clockwise direction around a circle C of radius 1

with center at the point z = - 2 is

i i
(A) (B) 2i (C)  (D) 2i
2 2
Key: (A)
z 1
Exp: z 2
4
dz
C y
z2  4  0
 z  2 C
 z  2 lies inside & z  2 lies outside 'C'
x
 By Cauchy's integralformula, 43 2 1 0 1 2
 z 1 
z 1 z 1  
 z  2 dz

C z2  4
dz  C  z  2 z  2  C z  2
dz 

 2if (2)
 2  1  i
 2i  
 2  2  2

8. Let f be a real valued function of a real variable defined as f(x) = x-[x], where [x] denotes the
1.25
largest integer less than or equal to x. The value of  f  x  dx is ______(up to 2 decimal places).
0.25

Key: (0.5)
Exp: We know that
x   x   x where x  integral part of x,
 x   x   x where x  fractional part of 'x '
1.25 1.25 y
  f  x  dx   x dx
0.25 0.25
1 1.25 1
 
0.25
x dx    x  1 dx
1

1 0
1.25
x 2 1
 x2  1 2 3 x
   x 
0.25  1
2 2
1

2
 0.5

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 EE-GATE 2018

9. The value of the directional derivative of the function   x, y,z   xy2  yz2  zx 2 at the point (2,-1,
1) in the direction of the vector p = i + 2j + 2k is
(A) 1 (B) 0.95 (C) 0.93 (D) 0.9
Key: (A)
  
Exp:   i  j K
x y z

 i  y 2  2zx   j  2xy  z 2   k  2yz  x 2 

  2,1,1  5 i  3 j  2k

Required directional deivative   5 i  3 j  2k  .

 i  2 j  2k 
1 4  4
56 4
 1
3

10. Match the transfer functions of the second order systems with the nature of the systems given
below.
Transfer functions Nature of system
15
P. I. Overdamped
s  5s  15
2

25
Q. II. Critically damped
s  10s  25
2

35
R. III. Underdamped
s  18s  35
2

(A) P-I, Q-II, R-III (B) P-II, Q-I, R-III (C) P-III, Q-II, R-I (D) P-III, Q-I, R-II
Key: (C)
15 n 2
Exp: P  
s 2  5s  15 s 2  n s  2n
n  15
2n  5
5
  1 underdamped 
2 15
25 2n
Q 2  2
s  10s  25 s  2n s  2n

n  25
25  10
  1 critically damped 

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 EE-GATE 2018

35 2n
R 
s 2  18s  35 s 2  2n s  2n
n  35
n  18
18
  1 over damped 
2 35
P  III Q  II R  I

11. A 1000×1000 bus admittance matrix for an electric power system has 8000 non –zero elements. The
minimum number of branches (transmission lines and transformers) in this system are ______ (up to 2
decimal places).
Key: (3500)
Exp: Given 1000  1000 bus matrix
N  1000
Total root Buses  103 103  106
given no of non  zero elements  8000
No of zero elements
Sparsity  s  
Total noof elements
106  8000
  0.992
106
No of transmission lines and transformers
N2 1  s   N 10002  1  0.992   1000
   3500
2 2

12. A single phase 100kVA, 1000 V/100V. 50Hz transformer has a voltage drop of 5% across its series
impedance at full load. Of this, 3% is due to resistance. The percentage regulation of the transformer at
full load with 0.8 lagging power factor is
(A) 4.8 (B) 6.8 (C) 8.8 (D) 10.8
Key: A
Exp: Impedance  5%  0.05pu  Zpu
Resistance  3%  0.03pu  R pu
Reactance, X pu  z pu
2
 R pu
2

 0.052  0.032  0.04pu

VR  0.8 p.f lag   R pu cos   X pu sin 
 0.03  0.8  0.04  0.6
 0.048pu  4.8%

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 EE-GATE 2018

13. Let f be a real valued function of a real variable defined as f(x) = x2 for x  0 , and f  x    x 2 for x  0 .
Which one of the following statements is true?
(A) f(x) is discontinuous at x=0.
(B) f(x) is continuous but not differentiable at x=0
(C) f(x) is differentiable but its first derivative is not continuous at x=0.
(D) f(x) is differentiable but its first derivative is not differentiable at x=0.
Key: (D)
Exp: Given
f x  x x
 f  x  in continuals &differentiable
xx
f ' x   x 
x
2 x

 f  x  is differentiable but its first derivative is not differentiable at x=0

14. A positive charge of 1nC is placed at (0, 0, 0.2) where all dimensions are in metres. Consider the x-y
plane to be a conducting ground plane. Take 0  8.85  1012 F / m. The Z component of the E field at
(0, 0, 0.1) is closest to
(A) 899.18V/m (B) -899.18V/m (C) 999.09V/m (D) -999.09 V/m
Key: (D)
QR12
Exp: E12  3
40 R12

1 109  0.1aˆ z   110   0.3 a  9

Z
E12  
4 8.854  1012   0.1 4 8.854 10   0.3 12
3 3

 105 105 
   az
 4  8.854  4 8.854  9 
  898.774  99.863 a z  999.09a z V m

15. A separately excited dc motor has an armature resistance Ra=0.05  . The field excitation is kept
constant. At an armature voltage of 100V, the motor produces a torque of 500Nm at zero speed.
Neglecting all mechanical losses, the no-load speed of the motor (in radian/s) for an armature voltage of
150 V is _____ (up to 2 decimal places).
Key: (600)
Exp: Torque
Produced by motor = 500N-m

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15
 EE-GATE 2018

At zero speed, such that

E L  K  0
V  E b 100  0 0.05
I    2000A 100V
Ra 0.05
Also,T  kIa
500 5 1
k  T Ia   
2000 20 4
For armature voltage of 150V, no load speed in nL
At no load I nL  0
 V  E b  150V
 E b  k  Field excitation or flux is constant, k  constant 
E b 150
   600 rad sec
K 1 4

16. In a salient pole synchronous motor, the developed reluctance torque attains the maximum value when
the load angle in electrical degrees is
(A) 0 (B) 45 (C) 60 (D) 90
Key: (B)
Exp: Reluctance torque  sin 2
Torque ix maximum when
2  90    45

17. Consider a lossy transmission line with V1 and V2 as the sending and receiving end voltages,
respectively. Z and X are the series impedance and reactance of the line, respectively. Z and X are the
series impedance and reactance of the line, respectively. The steady-state stability limit for the
transmission line will be
V1V2 V1V2
(A) greater than (B) less than
X X
V1V2 V1V2
(C) equal to (D) equal to
X Z
Key: (B)
Exp: Power with impudence Z,
V1V2 V2
P cos       2 cos 
Z Z
V1V2 V22
Pmax1   cos  for    
Z Z
Power with reactence X,

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16
 EE-GATE 2018

V1V2
P sin 
X
VV
Pmax 2  1 2  for   90 
X
i.e Pmax 2  Pmax1
V1V2
Steady state stability limit for transmission line  Pmax 2 
X

18. A single phase fully controlled rectifier is supplying a load with an anti-parallel diode as shown in the
figure. All switches and diodes are ideal. Which one of the following is true for instantaneous load
voltage and current?
i0 

L
O
V
A 0
D


(A) 0  0 & i0  0 (B) 0  0 & i0  0

(C) 0  0 & i0  0 (D) 0  0 & i0  0
Key: (C)
Exp: During forward bias

 
i0
ON off
L
  o
a
Vo Free wheeling diode is off 
d
off ON
 

Let Vin  t   m sin  t  ,V0  t   n sin  t positive

During reverse bias

i0


off
ON
 
L
o  Free wheeling diode isoff 
a Vo  t   Vm sin  t   positive
ON d
Off


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17
 EE-GATE 2018

Vin  t 
Vm
2
 
0
Vm

Vm

   2 
0 

Key concept:
SCR allows current only in one direction, Anode to cathode i0  0

19. Consider a unity feedback system with forward transfer function given by
1
G s 
 s  1 s  2
The steady state error in the output of the system for a unit step input is _________ (upto 2 decimal
places).
Key: (0.67)
1
Exp: unit stepinput, K p  limG  s  
s 0 2
A 1
for unit step input, ess    2 3  0.67
1  Kp 1  1 2

 V 
20. In the two port network shown, the h11 parameter  Where, h11  1 , when V2  0  in ohms is
 I1 
___________ (up to 2 decimal places).
2I1

1 1
 
I1
V1 1 V2

 
Key: (0.5)
Exp:  when V2  0 the output port is short circuited

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18
 EE-GATE 2018

2I1
2I1

I1 1 1 I2


I 2  2I1
I1  I2 1 V2  0
V1


 Writing KVL on the input loop we have
V1  1 I1   1 I1  I2   0
 V1  2I1  I2 ...1
 Writing KVL on the output loop we have
1 I2  2I1   1 I1  I2   0
 2I2  3I1  0
3
 I2 
I1 ....(2)
2
 Using equation 2 in equation 1, we have
 3 
V1  2I1    I1
 2 
V1  0.5I1
V1
 h11   0.5
I1 v2  0

h1  0.5

21. The waveform of the current drawn by a semi-converter from a sinusoidal AC voltage source is shown
in the figure. If I0=20 A, the rms value of fundamental component of the current is ___________ A (up 2
decimal places).

voltage and
current Vm sin  t 

I0
0
I0 t
30 180

210

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19
 EE-GATE 2018

Key: (17.39)
Exp: i0  t 

I0
  2
0    t

I 0

Fourier series representation of io(t) is


 4I0   n   n 
i0  t     n  cos 
n 1,3,5
 sin nt  
2   2 
4I0 n 2 2  n 
RMS value of nth harmonic is n  cos  I0 cos  
2n 2 n  2 
2 2 
RMS value of fundamental is IS1  I0 cos
 2
2 2  30 
 20cos    17.39A
  2

22. In the figure, the voltages are 1  t   100cos  t  ,  2  t   100cos  t   / 18  and

3  t   100cos  t   / 36  . The circuit is in sinusoidal steady state, and R << L. P1, P2 and P3 are
the average power outputs. Which one of the following statements is true?
R L L R

P1 P2 P3
  
v1  t  v2  t  v3  t 
  

(A) P1 = P2 = P3 = 0 (B) P1 < 0, P2 >0, P3 > 0

(C) P1 < 0, P2 > 0, P3 < 0 (D) P1 >0, P2 < 0, P3 >0
Key: (C)
Exp: V1  t   100 cos  t 

 
V2  t   100 cos  t  
 18 

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20
 EE-GATE 2018

 
V3  t   100 cos  t  
 36 
V1  t   V2  t   V3  t   100
V1  t   0
 180
V2  t     10
18 18

V3  t    5
36
V2  t   10
V2  t  is leading V3  t  andV1  t  by10 and 5.
V3  t   5
 V2  t  is source & delivering power  P2  0 
V1  t    0 
V1  t  andV3  t  are sinks & absorbing power  P3  0 ,  P1  0

23. Consider a non singular 2×2 square matrix A. If trace (A) = 4 and trace (A2) = 5, the determinant of the
matrix A is _____ (up to 1 decimal place).
Key: (5.5)
a b 
Exp: Let A     Trace of A  a  d
c d
a b  a b  a 2  bc ab  bd 
&A 2     2
 c d   c d   ac  cd bc  d 
 Trace of A 2  a 2  bc  bc  d 2
 a 2  2bc  d 2
Given a  d  4 ...1 &
a 2  2bc  d 2  5 ... 2
1   a  d   16  a 2  d 2  2ad  16
2 2

 5  2bc  2ad  16  from  2  

 2  ad  bc   11
11
 ad  bc   5.5
2

24. The series impedance matrix of a short three phase transmission line in phase coordinates is
 Zs Zm Zm 
Z Zs Zm  . If the positive sequence impedance is (1+j10)  , and the zero sequence is (4+j31)  .
 m
 Zm Zm Zs 
Then the imaginary part of Zm (in  ) is _______ (up to 2 decimal places).

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21
 EE-GATE 2018

Key: (7)
Exp: Z1  Zs  Zm  1  j10 ....1
Z0  Zs  2Zm  4  j31 ....  2 
 2  1
Z0  Z1  3Zm  3  j21
Zm  1  j7
Im  Zm   7

25. The positive, negative and zero sequence impedances of a 125 MVA, three phase, 15.5kV, star-
grounded, 50Hz generator are j0.1 pu, j0.05 pu and j0.01 pu respectively on the machine rating base.
The machine is unloaded and working at the rated terminal voltage. If the grounding impedance of the
generator is j0.01 pu, then the magnitude of fault current for a b-phase to ground fault (in kA) is
____________ (up to 2 decimal places).
Key: (73.51)
3
Exp: If  pu  
Z1  Z2  Z0  3Zn
3 3
 
j0.1  j0.05  j0.01   3  0.01 0.19
If  actual    If pu   I b base
MVA
 3 Sb 
   kA
 0.19 3Vb 
 
KV
3 125
   73.51kA
0.19 3  15.5

26. The signal energy of the continuous time signal

x  t    t  1 u  t  1   t  2 u  t  2   t  3 u  t  3   t  4  u  t  4  is
(A) 11/3 (B) 7/3 (C) 1/3 (D) 5/3
Key: (D)
Exp: x  t    t  1 u  t  1    t  2  u  t  2    t  3 u  t  3   t  4  u  t  4 

b
a 
1 c

0 1 2 3 4
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22
 EE-GATE 2018

2 3 4
Energyof x  t     a  dt    b  dt    c  .dt
2 2 2

1 2 3
2 4

 a  dt    c  dt
2 2

1 3
2 3
 Energy of x  t   2   a  dt    b  dt
2 2

1 2
2 3
 2  t  1 dt  12 dt
2

1 2

3 2

 2
 t  1  1  5 3.
3
1

27. A 0-1 Ampere moving iron ammeter has an internal resistance of 50 m and inductance of 0.1mH. A
shunt coil is connected to extend its range to 0-10 Ampere for all operating frequencies. The time
constant in milliseconds and resistance in m  of the shunt coil respectively are
(A) 2, 5.55 (C) 2,1 (C) 2.18,0.55 (D) 11.1,2
Key: (A)
Exp: MI ammeter
Rm Lm

R sn Lsn

Shunt coil
 It is given that
R m  50m
Lm  0.1 mH
Existing range  0  1ampere
Reauired range  0  10 ampere
Required 10
Scaling factor  m     10
Existing 1
 The required value shunt coil resistance is given by
Rm 50 103
R sn    5.55m.
m 1 10  1
 To make the meter independent of frequency, the time constant of both parallel branch
should be same i.e.

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23
 EE-GATE 2018

Lsn Lm

R sn R m
0.1 103
 sn   0.002  2m.sec
50  103
 sn  2 m.sec
R sn  5.55 mA.

28. The voltage v(t) across the terminals a and b as shown in the figure, is a sinusoidal voltage having a
frequency  =100 radian/s. When the inductor current i(t) is in phase with the voltage v(t), the
magnitude of the impedance Z (in  ) seen between the terminals a and b is _________ (up to 2 decimal
places).
it
vt 
a L

Z 100
100 F

Key: (50) b
Exp:  when the Source voltage and current are in phase, then the circuit is under resonance and the
impedance is purely real.
Transforming the given network into its equivalent phasor domain we have
j100L

 j100 100

Zeq   100 rad sec,  given 

at   100
ZL  jL  j100L
j
ZC    j100
C
ZR  100
 Zeq   j100L   100 ||   j100 
  j104 
  j100L   
100  j100 
 j 104  100  j100 
  j100L 
100  j100 100  j100 

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24
 EE-GATE 2018

 106   106 
 2
 j 100L  2
100  100   100  100 
2 2

Since the circuit is under resonance, the imaginary part of Zeq  0, hence
106
Zeq 
1002  1002
106 106 102
    50
2  1002 2  104 2

29. Which one of the following statements is true about the digital circuit shown in the figure?

D Q D Q D Q fOUT

C C C

f IN

(A) It can be used for dividing the input frequency by 3.

(B) It can be used for dividing the input frequency by 5.
(C) It can be used for dividing the input frequency by 7.
(D) It cannot be reliably used as a frequency divider due to disjoint internal cycles.
Key: (B)
Exp:
D0 Q0 D1 Q1 D2 Q2 fOUT

C C C

f IN

D0  Q1 Q2
Clk Q1Q2 Q0 Q1 Q0 Q1 Q2
D0 D1 D2

0 0 0
1 1 0 0 1 0 0
2 1 1 0 1 1 0
i.e., MOD 5
f
3 1 1 1 1 1 1 Hence, fo  i
4 0 1 1 0 1 1 5
5 0 0 1 0 0 1
6 1 0 0 1 0 0 Repeated

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25
 EE-GATE 2018

30. The voltage across the circuit in the figure. And the current through it, are given by the following
expressions:
v  t   5  10cos  t  60 V
i  t   5  Xcos  t  A
Where   100 radian/s. If the average power delivered to the circuit is zero, then the value of X (in
Ampere) is _____ (up to 2 decimal places).
it


Electrical
vt
Circuit

Key: (10)
Exp: If the voltage and currents of electrical circuit is in the form of
 
V  t   V0  V1 cos 1t  v1  V2 cos 2 t  v2  ....  
  
i  t   i0  i1 cos 1t  i1  i 2 cos 2 t  i2  .... 
Then the average power is given by
T
1
V  t  i  t  dt,
T 0
Pavg 

 V0i0 
V1 i1
2 2
V I
cos v1  i1   2 2 cos v2  i2  ...
2 2
 
 its a very well known standard result 
 It is given that
V  t   5  10cos  t  60 
 5  10cos  t  120 
i  t   5  x cos  t  0 
 10  x  
then Pavg  5  5     cos  120  0,  
 2  2  
 10x  
 0  25    cos  120    Pavg  0, given 
 2  
 0  25   5x  1 2 
5
 x  25
2
 x  10

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26
 EE-GATE 2018

31. The equivalent impedance Zeq for the infinite ladder circuit shown in the figure is
j 9 j 9

j5 j5 
Zeq . ..
 j1  j1 

(A) j12  (B) -j12  (C) j13  (D) 13 

Key: (A)
Exp: j9 j9 j9 j9

j5 j5

j4 j4
 j1  j1

Zeq Zeq Zeq

Zeq  j9   j4 || Zeq 
  j4   Zeq  
j9

 j9   
 j4  Zeq  Zeq

  j4  Zeq  Zeq   j9   j4  Zeq     j4   Zeq 

j4

  j4   Zeq   Zeq 2  36  j9Zeq   j4   Zeq 

 Zeq 2   j9  Zeq  36  0
Zeq
   j9     j9   4  36 1
2

 Zeq 
 2  1
j9  81  144

2
j9  225

2
j9  j15

2
j9  j15 jq  j15
 or
2 2
 j12 or  j3

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27
 EE-GATE 2018

 Since the nature of the network is overally inductive the reactance must should be positive (for
capacitive case the reactance could have –ve).
Hence we are discarding –j3.
 Zeq  j12

32. A transformer with toroidal core of permeability  is shown in the figure. Assuming uniform flux
density across the circular core cross-section of radius r < < R, and neglecting any leakage flux, the best
estimate for the mean radius R is
r
is  0 
ip  I sin ax

R vS
NP NS
vP  V cos t
 

Vr 2 N p2  Ir 2 N p Vs  Vr 2 N p2  Ir 2 N 2p 

(A) (B) (C) (D)
I V 2I 2V
Key: (D)
Np2
Exp: The inductance of primary is L 
S
Where S is reluctance of magnetic path
2R 2R
S   2
A   r  r
2

Np 2 Np 2r 2
L  
2R 2R
r 2
Np 2r 2
X L  L 
2R
I..Np 2 .r 2
V  IX L 
2R
.I.r .Np .
2 2
R
2V

33. The number of roots of the polynomial, s7  s6  7s5  14s4  31s3  73s2  25s  200 in the open left
half of the complex plane is
(A) 3 (B) 4 (C) 5 (D) 6

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28
 EE-GATE 2018

Key: (A)
Exp: s7 1 7 31 25
6
s 2 1 14 73 200
s sign 7 42 175
5

8 48 200
change
s4
3
s 1 3 0
2
s 24 200
2
s sign 128 0
1

s0 change 200
A  s   8s 4  48 s 2  200
dA  s 
 32s3  96 s
ds
No. of sign changes  4
Right hand roots  4
No. of imaginary roots  order of auxillary eqn  2  No.of sign changes below zero th row 
 4  2  2  0
 left hand roots
743

34. The equivalent circuit of a single phase induction motor is shown in the figure, where the parameters are
R1  R 2  X l  X 2  12, XM  240 and s is the slip. At no load, the motor speed can be
approximated to be the synchronous speed. The no-load lagging power factor of the motor is ____ (up to
3 decimal places). jX R1 1

R'2
X 2s
j M
2
X' 2
j
2
V0 R '2
22  s
XM
j
2 X' 2
j
2

Key: (0.106)
R '2
Exp: At no load, m  s . S  0. 
2S
The modified equivalent Circuit is

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29
 EE-GATE 2018

12 j12

240
j
2

12
Zeq 240 4
j
2 j12
2

R '2 R'
 2
22  s 4
j120   3  j6 
Zeq  12  j12  j120 
 3  j6  j120 
 j120   3  j6  
 12  j132   
 3  j126 
 14.72  j137.78
 138.56183.9
No load p.f cos   cos83.9  0.106 lag.

35. A 3-phase 900kVA, 3kV/ 3 kV   / Y  , 50 Hz transformer has primary (high voltage side) resistance
per phase of 0.3  and secondary (low voltage side) resistance per phase of 0.02, Iron loss of the
transformer is 10kW. The full load % efficiency of the transformer operated at unity power factor is
___________ (up to 2 decimal places).
Key: (97.36)
3
Exp: a ph   3;
3
3
900
I Hv  I1   100A
3 3
R1eq  R1  a 2 R 2
 0.3  9   0.02   0.48

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30
 EE-GATE 2018

Cu loss  3     3I12 R1eq

 3  1002  0.48
 14400W  14.4kW
Core loss  10kW
900
%   97.36%
900  10  14.4

36. A DC voltage source is connected to a series L-C circuit by turning on the switch S at time t=0 as shown
in the figure. Assume i(0)=0, v(0)=0. Which one of the following circular loci represents the plot of i(t)
versus v(t)?
it
S

t 0 L  1H

 5V C  1F vt



it it
(A) vt (B)

 0, 5
 5,0 vt

it
(C) (D) it

 0,5
 5,0 vt
vt

Key: (B)
Exp:  Since the network is of 2nd order, to obtain the expression of v(t)and i(t) we should use
Laplace transform approach.
 Once we get the expression for v(t) and i(t) we can plot the loci by observing them at
different time instant.
 Transforming the given time domain network into its equivalent s-domain form for t>0, we
have

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31
 EE-GATE 2018

5s 5 s
 I s    2
s 1 s s 1
 i  t   5sin t 
5  I s 1
 V s
s s
 1s  
 V s    5 s 
s 1 5
5

s  s  1
2

 5   2.5 2.5 
   
 s   s  j1 s  j1 
 5   5s 
  2 
 s   s  1
 v  t   5  5 cos
 Finaly we have
i  t   5sint
v  t   5  5cos t

t it vt Coordinate

 5,5  t   2
0 0 0  0,0

2
5 5  5,5  t  
 0 10  0,10  0,0  0,10
3  3 
-5 -5  5,5  t  2 
2  t  0  5, 5
2 0 0  0,0

37. A three phase load is connected to a three phase balanced supply

a
as shown in the figure.
R
If
n
Van  1000V, Vbn 100  120 V and V cn 100  240 V
(angles are considered positive in the anti clock wise direction). j10
The value of R for zero current in the neutral wire is  j10
___________  (up to 2 decimal places). c

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32
 EE-GATE 2018

Key: (5.77)
Ia
Exp: a
R
IN
n
X

 j10 j10

IC
c

b
Ib

By KCL at node x, we have

Ia  Ib  Ic  IN
Van Vbn Vcn
    IN
R j10  j10
1000 100-120 100-240
    0  IN  0 given 
R 1090 10-90
100
  10-210  10-150  0
R
100
   10-210  10-150
R
100
R 
10-210  10-150
 R  5.77

38. The unit step response y(t) of a unity feedback system with open loop transfer function G(s) H(s)
K
 is shown in the figure. The value of K is ___________ (up to 2 decimal places).
 s  12  s  2 

y  t  1.4
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
t  sec 

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33
 EE-GATE 2018

Key: (8)
Exp: Steady state output =0.8
Input is unit step input =1
Stead state error ess = 0.2
For unit step input K p  limG  s  H  s 
s 0

K
 lim K 2
 s  1  s  2 
s 0 2

A
ess 
1  Kp
1
0.2 
1 K 2
1  K 2  5  K 2  4; K  8

1
39. The Fourier transform of a continuous- time signal x(t) is given by X    ,     .
10  j
where j  1 and  denotes frequency. Then the value of nx  t  at t  1 _______(up to 1 decimal
place.) (ln denotes the logarithm to base e).
Key: (10)
1
Exp: Given X    ,
10  j
2

1
Converting to s domain, X  s  
 s  10
2

1
we know e10t u  t  

s  10
1
t.e10t 

 s  10 
2

 x  t   t.e10t u  t 
 n x  t   n t.e10t u  t 
 n t   10t n c 
 n 1  10  1  1  10  10.0

40. Consider a system governed by the following equations

dx1  t 
 x 2  t   x1  t 
dt
dx 2  t 
 x1  t   x 2  t 
dt

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34
 EE-GATE 2018

The initial conditions are such that x1  0   x 2  0    . Let x1f  limx1  t  and x 2f  limx 2  t  .
t  t 
Which one of the following is true?
(A) x1f  x 2f   (B) x 2f  x1f  
(C) x1f  x 2f   (D) x1f  x 2f  
Key: (C)
dx1  t 
Exp:  x 2  t   x1  t  ....1
dt
dx 2  t 
 x1  t   x 2  t  .... 2 
dt
Differentiating 1 w.r.t 't '
d 2 x1  t  dx 2  t  dx1  t 
  
dt 2 dt dt
dx  t 
 x1  t   x 2  t   1  from  2  
dt
 dx  t   dx  t 
 x1  t    1  x1  t    1  from 1 
 dt  dt
d 2 x1  t  dx  t 
 2
2 1 0
dt dt
D2  2D  0
D  D  2  0
 D  0, 2
Solution, x1  t   C1  C2e2t
x1f  lim x1  t   C1
t 

Similarly, Differently (2) w.r.t „t‟ using (1) & (2)

d 2 x 2  t  2dx 2  t 
we get  0
dt 2 dt
 solution, x 2  t   C1  C2 e 2t
x 2f  lim x 2  t   C1
t 

 x1f  x 2f  

41. Consider the two bus power system network with given loads as shown in the figure.

1.0 j0.1 1.00

G1 G2
Q loss
20  jQG1 15  jQG 2
15  j5 20  j10
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35
 EE-GATE 2018

All the values shown in the figure are in per unit. The reactive power supplied by generator G1 and G2
are QG1 and QG2 respectively. The per unit values of QG1 ,QG 2 , and line reactive power loss (Qloss)
respectively are
(A) 5.00, 12.68, 2.68 (B) 6.34, 10.00, 1.34
(C) 6.34, 11.34, 2.68 (D) 5.00, 11.34, 1.34
Key: (C)
VS VR
Exp: P  sin 
x
11
5 sin 
0.1
sin   0.5
  30
VS
Qs 
X
 VS  VR cos   
1
0.1
1  cos 30   1.34 pu
VR
QR 
x
 VS cos   VR  
1
0.1
 cos30  1  1.34pu
Qloss  QS  Q R
 1.34   1.34   2.68 pu
QG1  Qload  QS
 5  1.34  6.34pu
QG 2  Q R  Qload
QG2  QR  Qload  1.34  10  11.34pu

42. A phase controlled single phase rectifier, supplied by an AC source, feeds power to an R-L-E load as
Vm
shown in the figure. The rectifier output voltage has an average value given by V0   3  cos   ,
2
where Vm = 80  volts and  is the firing angle. If the power delivered to the lossless battery is 1600W,
 in degree is ________ (up to 2 decimal places).

2

Vm sin  t  V0 10mH


80V
 Battery


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36
 EE-GATE 2018

Key: (90)
Exp: Power delivered to lossless battery  EI0 =1600W
80 I0  1600
I0  20A
From given 1   rectifier, V0  E  I0 R
Vm
3  cos   E  I0 R
2
80
3  cos   80  20.2
2
403  cos   120
3  cos   3
cos   0
  90

43. The positive, negative and zero sequence impedances of a three phase generator are Z1, Z2 and Z0
respectively. For a line to line fault with fault impedance Zf, the fault current is If 1  kIf , where If is the
fault current with zero fault impedance. The relation between Zf and k is

(A) Zf 
 Z1  Z2  1  k  (B) Zf 
 Z1  Z2  1  k 
k k

(C) Zf 
 Z1  Z2  k (D) Zf 
 Z1  Z2  k
1 k 1 k
Key: (A)
3
Exp: If  L  L fault  
Z1  Z2
If1  L  L fault 

3
with fault impedance, Zf 
Z1  Z2  Zf
If 1  kIf  given 

3 3 3
 
Z1  Z2  Zf Z1  Z2
 Z1  Z2  k  Zf k  Z1  Z2
Zf k   Z1  Z2 1  k 

Z  1
 Z  Z2 1  k 
f
k

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37
 EE-GATE 2018

44. As shown in the figure, C is the arc from the point (3, 0) to the point (0, 3) and the circle x2+ y2=9. The

 y  2yx  dx   2xy  x 2  dy is _________ (up to 2 decimal places).

2
value of the integral
C

 0,3 C

x
 3,0
Key: (0)
Exp: Given x 2  y 2  9
 y2  9  x 2
 y  9  x2
1 x
 dy   2xdx   dx
2 9  x2 9  x2

 9  x     xdx
0
   y2  2yx  dx   2xy  x 2  dy  2
 2x 9  x 2 dx  2x 9  x 2  x 2
C x 3 9  x2
0
 1 
x3 9  x  2
1
 x3 
2 0
x3
 9x   2   dx ...1
3 1 3  3 9  x2
 1
 2 3

9  t  dt 
0 a
x3
Consider,
9x

3
2
dx, put 9  x 2  t  
t 0
    18
t  2
from 1 ,  18   18   0

45. Digital input signals A,B,C with A as the MSB and C as the LSB are used to realize the Boolean
function F = m0 + m2 + m3 + m5 + m7, where mi denotes the ith minterm. In addition, F has a don‟t care
for m1. The simplified expression for F is given by
(A) AC  BC  AC (B) A  C
(C) C  A (D) AC  BC  AC
Key: (B)
Exp: F  m  0,2,3,5,7   d 1 BC BC BC BC
0 1 3 2
A  AC A 1 x 1 1
  A  A  A  C   Distributive law  A
4 1 5 1 6
AC
7

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38
 EE-GATE 2018

46. Let f  x   3x3  7x 2  5x  6. The maximum value of f(x) over the interval [0,2] is ________ (up to 1
decimal place).
Key: (12)
Exp: f  x   3x3  7x 2  5x  6

 f '  x   9x 2  14x  5  0
 x  1, 5 9
f ''  x   18x  14
f '' 1  0 &
f ''  5 9  0
 At x  5 9, f  x  has local maximum &
 5  1733
f   7.13
 9  243
f  0  6
f  2   12
 The maximum value of f  x  in 0, 2is"12"

47. The per unit power output of salient-pole generator which is connected to an infinite bus, is given by the
expression, P=1.4sin  +0.15sin 2  , where  is the load angle. Newton Raphson method is used to
calculate the value of  for P=0.8pu. If the initial guess is 30°, then its value (in degree) at the end of the
first iteration is
(A) 15° (B) 28.48° (C) 28.74° (D) 31.20°
Key: (C)
Exp: P  0.8  1.4 sin   0.15 sin 2
f     1.4sin   0.15sin 2  0.8
By, Newton Raphson method
f  0 
1  0 
f '  0 
1.4sin 30  0.15sin 60  0.8
 6
1.4 cos30   2  0.15 cos 60
 0.50164 rad
1  28.74

48. Consider the two continuous time signals defined below:

| t |, 1  t  1 1 | t |, 1  t  1
x1  t    , x2  t   
0, otherwise 0, otherwise

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39
 EE-GATE 2018

These signals are sampled with a sampling period of T=0.25 seconds to obtain discrete time signals x1[n]
and x2[n], respectively. Which one of the following statements is true?
(A) The energy of x1[n] is greater than the energy of x2[n].
(B) The energy of x2[n] is greater than the energy of x1[n].
(C) x1[n] and x2[n] have equal energies.
(D) Neither x1[n] nor x2[n] is a finite energy signal.
Key: (A)
Exp: Given

| t |, 1  t  1 1 | t |, 1  t  1
x1  t    x2  t   
0, otherwise 0, otherwise
x1  t  x2  t 

t t
1 1 1 1

 
x1  n   1, 0.75, 0.5,0.25,0,0.25,0.5,0.75,1
  

x 2  n   0,0.25, 0.5,0.75,1,0.75,0.5,0.25,0


We can see clearly, x1  n  has greater energy than x 2  n 

Energy in x1  n   2  12  2   0.75   2   0.5   2   0.25   0 2

2 2 2

Energy in x 2  n   2  02  2   0.75   2   0.25   2   0.5   02

2 2 2

49. The figure shows two buck converters connected in parallel. The common input dc voltage for the
converters has a value of 100V. The converters have inductors of identical value.

iS1
 S1 L
100V C 1 Switch control signals

S1
t

S2
S2 L
0 0.5ms 1ms t

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40
 EE-GATE 2018

The load resistance is 1  . The capacitor voltage has negligible ripple. Both converters operate in the
continuous conduction mode. The switching frequency is 1kHz, and the switch control signals are as
shown. The circuit operates in the steady state. Assuming that the converters share the load equally, the
average value of iS1, the current of switch S1 (in Ampere), is ______ (up to 2 decimal places).
Key: (12.5)
Exp: V0  DVs  0.5 100  50V
V0 50
I0    50A.
R 1
Sence losser negligible, Pin  Pout

VS FS  Vout Iout

100  IS  50  50

IS  25A

Is
IS1  IS2   12.5A
2

 1 0 1
50. Let A   1 2 0  and B = A3-A2-4A+5I, where I is the 3  3 identity matrix. The determinant of B
 0 0 2 
is _______ (up to 1 decimal place).
Key: (1)
 1 0 1
Exp: Given A   1 2 0 
 0 0 2 

Characteristic equation A is A  I  0
1  0 1
 1 2   0 0
0 0 2  
By Cayley Hamilton theorem,

A3  A 2  4A  4I  0
 A3  A 2  4A  5I  I
 B  I  According to the given question 
 B  I 1

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41
 EE-GATE 2018

51. A 200V DC series motor, when operating from rated voltage while driving a certain load, draws 10A
current and runs at 1000 r.p.m. The total series resistance is 1  . The magnetic circuit is assumed to be
linear. At the same supply voltage, the load torque is increased by 44%. The speed of the motor in r.pm
(rounded to the nearest integer) is _________.
Key: (825)
Exp: 200V, 10A
 R a  R f   1
E b  V  Ia  R a  R f 
1 1

 200  10  190V 1
When torque becomes 1.44 times
T2  1.44T1 200V

Magnetic circuit linear,   Ia

2
T2 Ia 2
TI   22
a
T1 Ia1
T2
Ia 2   Ia1
T1
 1.44  10  12A,
E b2  V  I a 2  R a  R f 
 200  12  188V
E b2 N 2 2
 
E b1 N1 1
N 2 Ia 2
 
N1 Ia1
E b2 Ia1 188 10
N2    N1    1000
E b1 Ia 2 190 12
 824.56rpm
825 rpm  nearest integer 

52. The capacitance of an air filled parallel – plate capacitor is 60pF. When a dielectric slab whose thickness
is half the distance between the plates, is placed on one of the plates converting it entirely, the
capacitance becomes 86pF. Neglecting the fringing effects, the relative permittivity of the dielectric is
_______ (up to 2 decimal places).
Key: (2.53)
0 A 20 A
Exp: Capacitance, C1    2   60pF   120pF
d/2 d

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42
 EE-GATE 2018

20  r A
and C2    2  60   r pF  120 r pF
d
CC 120  120 r
Now, Ceq  1 2 
C1  C2 120 1   r 
86 
 r
120 1   r
86
or, r   2.53
34

z2
53. If C is circle | z | 4 and f  z   . then  f  z  dz is
 z2  3z  22 C

(A) 1 (B) 0 (C) -1 (D) -2

Key: (B)
z2 z2
Exp: f  z   
z  3z  2   z  1  z  2 
2 2 2 2

 z  1& 2 are poles of order 2, both lie inside z  4

Residue of f  z  at z  1

1  d  z2 
Res f  z   lim   z  1 
2
2
z 1  z  1 z1  dz   z  1  z  2  
2

d  z2 
 lim  
z 1 dz  
  z  2 
2

 z  2   2z   z 2 .2  z  2   4
2

 lim
 z  2
z 1 4

Residue of f  z  at z  2

1  d  z2 
Res f  z   lim   z  2  
2
2 
z 2  z  1! z2  dz   z  1  z  2  
2

d  z2 
 lim    4
z  2 dz  
  
2
 z 1 
 By Cauchy Residue theorem,  f  z  dz  2i  4  4   0
C

54. A dc to dc converter shown in the figure is charging a battery bank. B2 whose voltage is constant at 150
V. B1 is another battery bank whose voltage is constant at 50V. The value of the inductor, L is 5mH and
the ideal switch, S is operated with a switching frequency of 5kHz with a duty ratio of 0.4. Once the

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43
 EE-GATE 2018

circuit has attained steady state and assuming the diode D to be ideal, the power transferred from B1 to
B2 (in Watt) is ___________ (up to 2 decimal places)

iL L  5mH D

 
50 V B1 S B2 150 V
 

Key: (12)
Exp: Given Vin  50V, Vout  150V
V0 1

Vin 1  D
150 1

50 1  D
2
D   0.666
3
But given duty cycle = 0.4
 The boost converter is operating in discontinuous mode.
1
T  200 sec
f IL
t on  DT  80 sec.
I max
  
V0    Vs
D
  
150    50    0.6 t
   0.4  0 DT BT T
di I
VS  L L
dt t on
I
50  5  103   I  0.8A
80  106
I  I max  I min  I min  0 
I  I max
1 1
Imax T   0.8  0.6  200  106 
IL avg   2 2  0.24A
T 200  106
Power transfered from B1to B2  Vin IL avg   50  0.24  12W

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44
 EE-GATE 2018

55. In the circuit shown in the figure, the bipolar junction transistor (BJT) has a current gain   100 . The
base-emitter voltage drop is a constant, VBE=0.7V. The value of the Thevenin equivalent resistance Rth
(in  ) as shown in the figure is _____ (up to 2 decimal places).

a
10

 10 k
15V  1k R Th

10.7V
 b

Key: (90.9)
Exp: Form BJT amplifier, R Th can be written as
VTh VOC
R Th    it havedependent sources
ISC IS
10.7  0.7  10kIB  1k    1 I B  0
10 10m
IB  
10k  101k 111

VOC  IE  1k 
1     10m  1k
111
10.7  0.7 10
IB    1m
10k 10k
ISC  1    IB  1011m
10 1k
R Th   90.09
111

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45
 EE-GATE 2018

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46