BARRY BOLTON

A New General Catalogue of the Ants of the World

A New General Catalogue of the Ants of the World
 BARRY BOLTON

A N e w General Catalogue of the Ants of the World

Harvard University Press

Cambridge, M a s s a c h u s e t t s
London, England 1995
Copyright © 1995 b y t h e President a n d Fellows of Harvard College
All rights reserved
Printed i n t h e United States of America

Scanning electron micrographs b y Laraine Ficken.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Bolton, Barry.
A n e w general catalogue of t h e ants of t h e w o r l d / Barry B o l t o n ,
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references (p. ).
ISBN 0 - 6 7 4 - 6 1 5 1 4 - X (alk. paper)
1. Ants—Classification. 2. Ants, Fossil—Classification.
I. Title.
QL568.F7B585 1995
595.79V012—dc20
95-12908
 Contents

Introduction 1

Checklist of Fossil Taxa 4

Catalogue of Family-Group
(Suprageneric) Taxa 7
C atalogue of Genus - Group Taxa 17

Catalogue of Species-Group Taxa 51

References 428
A New General Catalogue of the Ants of the World
 Introduction
Taxonomy is a fascinating branch of biology, unique in that it must
always be retrospective as well as prospective. This is because a taxo-
nomic decision taken today projects forward in time and colours the
decisions and opinions of taxonomists in the future. Similarly, any
taxonomic decision taken since the inception of zoological nomencla­
ture, in 1758, has relevance today, and on into the future. And it does
not matter whether that decision was right or wrong; whatever its
ultimate origin or fate, a taxonomic decision is a persistent fact that
must be taken into account. I suppose that a quaint way of expressing
this would be: a name is forever, or at least for as long as the science of
taxonomy continues.
Thus any taxonomist working today must have available all the
relevant decisions taken in the past, so that they can be assessed, so
that errors and misinterpretations can be avoided, and so that correct
decisions and opinions can be transmitted to the future. A useful way
of collating all these past actions is to gather the references to all the
taxonomic decisions taken in a given group and put them together in
such a way that the relevant data can easily be found and extracted.
This is a prime function of a catalogue, to show at a glance the condi­
tion and state of any previous taxonomic decision.
History of a n t c a t a l o g u e s
This volume is the first attempt to catalogue all the ants of the world,
including the fossil forms, since 1893. Between that date and the
present there have appeared a number of regional lists and catalogues
dealing with larger or smaller areas, and one enormous work, the
Genera Insectorum, that catalogued all the world's insect fauna except
for the fossil taxa. Volumes in the Genera Insectorum series that deal
with ants were published between 1910 and 1925. The series pre­
sented both a catalogue and a classification and in consequence was
extremely valuable. A great deal has happened in myrmecology since
1925, however, and the series is outdated for modern needs. In par­
ticular, the classification offered there is n o w virtually useless, and
taxonomic changes and additions have carried on apace since the
appearance of the final volume.
The concept of a world catalogue of all names in the family com­
menced with Roger (1863b) and Mayr (1863), both of w h o m pro­
duced extremely valuable but now mostly forgotten works. Not only
did they enumerate the taxa then known, but they also introduced
many synonymies which accounted for numerous old and dubious
names and dispersed lots of names from the old form-genera into the
genus-rank taxa that we still recognise today. They were followed by
Dalla Torre (1893), whose treatment of extinct as well as extant taxa
added a dimension that unfortunately was not continued. Later world
cataloguers tended to stick with either the fossil fauna (Handlirsch,
1906,1907) or the extant fauna (Emery, 1910b, 191 Id, 1912g, 1921f,
1922e, 1922f, 1925b; the Genera Insedorum series).
After these dates cataloguers specialised in regional surveys. Some
of these dealt with entire zoogeographical regions, for instance Kempf
(1972a) and Brando (1991) [Neotropical]; Smith, M.R. (1951a, 1958c)
and Smith, D.R. (1979) [Nearctic]; Chapman & Capco (1951) [Orien­
tal and Indo-Australian]; Wheeler, W.M. (1922a) [Afrotropical and
Malagasy]; Taylor (1987a, 1987b) [Australasian]; Wheeler, W.M. (1935i)
[Oceanian]. Mostly however they dealt only with single countries, for
example Bruch (1914, 1915) [Argentina]; Borgmeier (1923, 1927c)
[Brazil]; Taylor & Brown, D.R. (1985) [Australia]; Wheeler, W.M.
(1930h) and Wu, C.F. (1941) [China]; Baltazar (1966) [Philippines];
Baroni Urbani (1971c) ptaly]; Ceballos (1956) [Spain]; Pisarski (1975)
[Poland]; Onoyama (1980) [Japan]. More recently Shattuck (1994)
has attempted to break away from this regional technique by produc­
ing a catalogue based on subfamily-rank taxa (Aneuretinae and Doli-
choderinae) on a worldwide basis.
Among the fossils, lists of forms in amber have attracted some at­
tention, with contributions by Burnham (1979), Keilbach (1982) and
Spahr (1987). Fossils in rock have to a large extent been ignored,
though Carpenter (1992) provides a review of fossil genera. Whole fossil
faunas have of course been treateed in monographs by myrmecolo-
gists or palaeoentomologists, for example Emery (1891a), Wheeler,
W M . (1915h), Carpenter (1930), Theobald (1937b), Dlussky (1967b,
1975, 1981b, 1988), but these are mostly descriptive and are not
cross-referred to other faunas. Considering that the ants have one of
the best fossil records of any insect family, a m o d e m worldwide re­
view of the extinct ant taxa is long overdue.
The drift away from world to more limited regional catalogues was,
I suspect, inspired mostly by strictures of time, availability of litera­
ture, and availability of financial support, though to a lesser extent a
deficiency of imagination may also have played a part. Regional cata­
logues and lists have their advantages, but they also generate prob­
lems. Chief among the drawbacks is the tendency to produce and
maintain homonymies and to overlook synonymies among those re­
searchers who consult only the literature concerning the country or
region in question and who ignore the extralimital possibilities.
In this new general catalogue I have attempted to examine every
publication on ant taxonomy and related fields of study from 1758 to
the present. The result is what you see here. This catalogue covers the
entire family Formicidae, which currently contains the following num­
bers of valid extant taxa: 16 subfamilies, 296 genera, and 9,536 species
(up to 31 December 1993). Among the extant forms there are also an
uncounted number of subspecies, along with a very large number of
junior synonyms, junior homonyms, and unavailable names. In addi­
tion to the living taxa, the family's impressive fossil record yields a
further 408 species. These are distributed through 13 subfamilies, of
which 9 are currently extant and 4 are wholly extinct, and 118 gen­
era, of which 73 are totally extinct.
H i s t o r y of a n t c l a s s i f i c a t i o n a n d p h y l o g e n y
The compilation of a catalogue such as this relies heavily upon a
reasonable classificatory framework for the group in question. As in
many insect groups the classification of the Formicidae is in a state of
flux, with the older classification being gradually updated and im­
proved by the application of cladistic theories and methodologies. This
means that parts of the classification within the family are more ad­
vanced than others, resulting in a variability which cannot be helped
but which must be borne in mind by the reader.
The ant classification that we see today is the culmination of over a
century of accumulated effort. Early authors such as Nylander (1846a,
1846b, 1849), Smith, F. (1858), Mayr (1861, 1863) and Roger (1863b)
were concerned with the accumulation of named taxa at genus and
species rank and did not show much interest in arranging these into a
formal classification. The second generation of ant taxonomists, be­
sides adding vast numbers of names to the rapidly growing list, began
to attempt the arrangement of the names into a standard classifica­
tion. The first moves toward what eventually developed into today's
system were made by Emery (1877a, 1895J, 1896e, 1901a, 1914a, 1915i)
and Forel (1878, 1893a). These were followed by the Genera Insec-
torum series of Emery (1910b, 191 Id, 1912g, 192If, 1922e, 1922f,
1925b), whose results were very closely followed by Wheeler, W.M.
(1920, 1922a).
By 1925 a rough consensus had been reached, which has since
been called the Emery-Wheeler classification (Brown, 1958g). This
was extremely authoritative, as both authors also presented iden­
tification keys to the world's genera and higher taxa. So great was the
influence of the Emery-Wheeler classification that study of the sub­
ject fell into abeyance for many years. Authors seemed content to
cram any newly discovered taxon into the existing system, even w h e n
it was glaringly obvious that the classification had outlived its useful­
ness.
During the 1950s the flaws in the Emery-Wheeler system reached a
critical point; the cracks could not be patched up or painted over any
longer, and it began to fall apart. Two idiosyncratic classifications of
ant subfamilies, proposed by Clark (1951) and Bernard (1951), were
2 Introduction
quickly followed by a n e w look at the topic by Brown (1954e). He
proposed a radical change in the approach to ant classification and his
paper forms the baseline for m o d e m research into both the classifica­
tion and the phylogeny of ants. In terms of classification these include
the synopses by Brown (1973b), Snelling (1981), Wheeler, G.C. &
Wheeler, J. (1985), DIussky & Fedoseeva (1987), Holldobler & Wilson
(1990), and Bolton (1994).
The study of ant phylogeny, or at least an attempt to account for the
origins of the various ant subfamilies, dates back to Wheeler, W.M.
(1920), but the field did not advance much until Brown's (1954e)
paper. A short history of m o d e m works on ant phylogeny, which
reflects the growing influence of cladistic methodology, is given by
Bolton (1990c). Critical works that detail tire progress of ant phyloge-
netic studies in recent years include Taylor (1978a), DIussky & Fe­
doseeva (1987), Baroni Urbani (1989), Bolton (1990a, 1990b, 1990c),
Ward (1990), Baroni Urbani, Bolton & Ward (1992), Shattuck (1992b),
and Lattice (1994).
G e n e r a l r e f e r e n c e s a n d faunal s u r v e y s
The eusocial organisation of ants and their enormously diverse biolo­
gies have, in recent years, inspired a large number of books offering a
synthesis of ant biology and behavior. Recommended books for any­
one interested in ants in general, or in more specialised aspects of their
biology, include the following and their included references: Beattie
(1985), Blum (1984), Bolton (1994), DIussky (1981a), Dumpert (1978),
Gosswald (1985), Hermann (1979-1982, 1984), Holldobler & Wilson
(1990), Jolivet (1986, 1992), Passera (1984), Schneirla (1971), Sudd
(1967), Sudd & Franks (1987), Wilson (1971).
Along with these general volumes, the period 1950-1994 has seen
the appearance of a number of surveys of local ant faunas that include
keys for the identification of species within the country or territory in
question. Faunal surveys that antedate 1950 are not recommended,
as their keys are clogged with unavailable names and infraspecific
taxa and are of very limited use by m o d e m standards. The following
list indicates territories for which faunal surveys have been produced in
the period 1950-1994, but references to earlier surveys and their con­
tents, and to works dealing with individual taxa rather than geograph­
ical areas, are of course included within the corpus of the catalogue.
ARMENIA: Arakelian (1994).
BALKAN STATES: Agosti & Collingwood (1987a, 1987b).
BELGIUM: Boven (1977).
BULGARIA: Atanassov & DIussky (1992).
CANADA: Francoeur (1977b, 1979) [Quebec].
CHILE: Snelling & Hunt (1976).
CORSICA: Casevitz-Weulersse (1990a, 1990b).
CUBA: Alayo (1974).
FENNOSCANDIA AND DENMARK: Collingwood (1979).
FRANCE: Bernard (1967).
GERMANY: Gosswald (1985).
GREAT BRITAIN: Bolton & Collingwood (1975).
IBERIAN PENINSULA: Collingwood (1978).
ITALY: Baroni Urbani (1964b, 1964c, 1969a, 1971c).
JAPAN: Morisita etal. (1989,1991,1992); Onoyama (1980);
Onoyama & Terayama (1994) [list of references].
KIRGIZIA: Tarbinsky (1976).
MALTA: Baroni Urbani (1968b); Schembri & Collingwood (1981).
MELANESIA: Wilson (1958a, 1958d, 1959a, 1959b).
NEW ZEALAND: Brown (1958h).
NORTH AMERICA: Creighton (1950a); Gregg (1963) [Colorado];
Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. (1963) [North Dakota]; Wheeler, G.C.
& Wheeler, J. (1986g) [Nevada].
POLYNESIA: Wilson & Taylor (1967).
PORTUGAL: see Iberian Peninsula.
SAUDI ARABIA: Collingwood (1985).
SPAIN: see Iberian Peninsula.
SWEDEN: Nilsson & Douwes (1987).
SWITZERLAND: Kutter (1977c).
TURKMENISTAN: DIussky, Soyunov & Zabelin (1990).
USSR (former): Amol'di & DIussky (1978) [former European USSR];
Kupyanskaya (1990) [far eastern Russia]; Radchenko (1994b)
[South Siberia].
WEST PALAEARCTIC: Bernard (1967).
WORLD GENERA: Holldobler & Wilson (1990), Bolton (1994).
U s e of t h e c a t a l o g u e
The catalogue is divided into three sections. The first deals with fam­
ily-group (suprageneric) taxa: names applied to taxa with the rank of
family, subfamily, tribe, or subtribe. The second deals with taxa in the
genus-group: names applied to taxa with the rank of genus or subge­
nus. The third, and by far the largest, section deals with species-group
taxa: names with the rank of species or subspecies.
Each section has its own introductory paragraphs, explaining lay­
out, typography, special considerations, and so on. Within each sec­
tion names are listed in alphabetical order, regardless of their current
status, and are cross-referred to other names where necessary. Thus
every subfamily within the catalogue of family-group names has a list
of component tribes appended; all names of tribes that are currently
valid include a list of component genera; all species with infraspecific
taxa contain lists of their subspecies. Cross-referencing also works in
the reverse direction, as the entry for any subspecies will provide an
indication of the species to which it is appended, which in turn is
included under a genus heading, which itself is referable back to the
catalogue of genus-group names and to the catalogue of family-group
names. Similarly, the provenance of junior and senior synonyms and
homonyms can be traced to and fro within the catalogue.
Every entry strives to provide a taxonomic history of the name in
question, and to provide additional references which supplement our
understanding of the taxon. All changes of combination and status
are recorded for each name, as are indications of synonymy and ho-
monymy.
Two terms commonly encountered in the catalogue need, I think, a
few words of explanation, as they have been widely ignored or misun­
derstood in the taxonomic literature dealing with ants.
1. Combination. The association of a genus-rank name and a species-
rank name to form the n a m e of a species is a combination. Similarly,
the association of genus-rank name plus species-rank name plus sub­
species-rank name forms a combination. A new combination occurs
only w h e n a previously published name in the species-group is first
appended to a generic name other than the one it accompanied in its
original description. A revived combination describes the state in which
a species-group name is transferred back to a generic name from which,
at some previous time, it had been excluded.
2. Status. A change of rank within a trinomen or a quadrinomen,
(such as the elevation of a subgenus to genus rank, or of a subspecies
to species rank; or vice versa, the demotion of a genus to subgenus rank
or species to subspecies rank) is indicated by new status. A reversion in
rank to one previously held, from one later designated, is a revived
status.
The concepts and usages of combination and status are quite different
and distinct. They should not be confused, although sadly they fre­
quently are.
Three other concepts fundamental to an understanding of nomen­
clature, namely synonymy, homonymy and availability of names, have
accrued a finely tuned series of regulations governing their use. The
concepts and their applications are fully explained in the International
Code of Zoological Nomenclature (Third Edition, 1985) and are applied
throughout this catalogue. Their correct usage should be understood
and adhered to by all taxonomists.
One common misuse of the term synonymy needs to be explained
here. A secondary reference to a taxon, that directs material purport­
edly of that taxon to a different and senior taxon, is a misidentifica-
tion, not a synonymy. For example, an entry in an imaginary taxo­
nomic synopsis such as
X-usy-us Black, 1928: 4.
X-us z-us White; Green, 1930:15, n e w synonymy.
is an incorrect and ignorant usage of the concept of synonymy. This
entry should properly read:
X-usy-us Black, 1928: 4.
X-us z-us White, sensu (or "in the sense of") Green, 1930: 15, mis-
identification.
Synonymy in this instance applies only if the type-material of two (or
more) taxa in the species-group has been compared and judged to be
conspecific. Thus, in our imaginary example, if type-specimens of y-us
and z-us had been compared and judged to be conspecific, the entry in
the taxonomic synopsis would then indicate the material and nomi­
nate synonymy.
X-usy-us Black, 1928:4. Holotype worker [examined].
X-us z-us White, 1930:1. Holotype worker [examined], n e w synon­
ymy.
Introduction 3
 Checklist of Fossil Taxa

Throughout the catalogue the names of all fossil taxa are prefixed by allow those workers primarily interested in the fossil forms to gain
the symbol *. Because the number of names applied to fossil forms is rapid access to the taxa in question. The list here provides only the
relatively small, their entries remain inconspicuous within the corpus names of the taxa. Their individual entries and data relating to them
of the catalogue. The following checklist has therefore been abstracted to are given in full in the catalogue proper.

Suprageneric taxa k n o w n only from
fossils
For further data see u n d e r t h e catalogue of
family-group (suprageneric) taxa.
*ARCHIPONERINI (junior s y n o n y m of Ponerini).
*ARMANUNAE (subfamily of Formicidae).
*FORMICIINAE (subfamily of Formicidae).
*HYPOPOMYRMICTTI (junior s y n o n y m of
Pheidologetonini).
*MIOMYRMICINI (junior s y n o n y m of Dolichoderinae).
*PALEOSMINTHURINAE (subfamily of Formicidae).
*PITYOMYRMECINI (junior s y n o n y m of
Dolichoderinae).
*PRIONOMYRM£CINI (tribe of Myrmeciinae).
*SICILOMYRMECINI (tribe of Forrmtinae).
*SPHECOMYRMINAE (subfamily of Formicidae).
*ZHERICHINIINI (junior s y n o n y m of Dolichoderinae).
Genus-rank a n d species-rank taxa
k n o w n o n l y f r o m fossils
Names of species are n o t e d u n d e r their c u r r e n t
generic combinations only. For original combinations
of species-rank taxa a n d for further data see u n d e r t h e
catalogues of species-group n a m e s a n d g e n u s - g r o u p
names.
ACANTHOGNATHUS (Myrmicinae: Dacetini).
Included fossil species: *poinari.
*ACROSTIGMA (junior s y n o n y m oiPodomyrma).
*A GROECOMYRMEX (Myrmicinae:
Agroecomyrmecini). Included species: *duisburgi.
*AMEGHINOJA (Myrmeciinae). Included species:
*piatnitzkyi.
*ANEURETELLVS (Aneuretinae). Included species:
*deformis.
ANOCHETUS (Ponerinae: Ponerini). Included fossil
species: *ambiguus, *brevidentatus, *conisquamis,
*corayi, *dubius, *exstinctus, *intermedius, *lucidus.
ANONYCHOMYRMA (Dolichoderinae). Included fos­
sil species: *constricta, *samlandica.
APHAENOG ASTER (Myrmicinae: Pheidolini).
Included fossil species: *avita, *donisthorpei, Hivida,
*longaeva, *maculata, *macuttpes, *mayri, *mersa,
*'oligocenica, *pannonica, *sommerfeldti.
*ARCHAEOPONE (*Armaniinae). Included species:
*kzylzharica, *taylori.
*ARCHIMYRMEX (Myrmicinae). Included species:
*rostratus.
*ARCHIPONERA (Ponerinae: Ponerini). Included spe­
cies: *wheeleri.
*ARMANIA (*Armaniinae). Included species: *robusta.
*ARMANIELLA (*Annanimae). Included species: *curi-
osa.
*ASYMPHYLOMYRMEX (Dolichoderinae). Included
species: *balticus.
*ATTAICHNUS (Myrmicinae: Attini (ichnotaxon)).
Included ichnospecies: *kuenzelii.
*ATTOPSIS (Myrmicinae). Included species:
*ltmgipmnis, *longipes.
AZTECA (Dolichoderinae). Included fossil species:
*alpha, *eumeces.
*BAJKUPJS (*Sphecomyrminae). Included species:
*mandibularis, *mirabilis.
*BRADOPONERA (Ponerinae: Proceratiini). Included
species: *meieri.
*CALYPTTTES (dubiously Formicidae). Included spe­
cies: *antediluvianum.
*CAMPONOTTTES (Formicinae: Camponotini).
Included species: *macropterus.
CAMPONOTUS (Formicinae: Camponotini). Included
fossil species: *brodiei, *compactus, *fusapennis,
*heracleus, *induratus, *lignitus, *longiventris, *mengei
(= *igneus), *microcephalus, *novotnyi, *obesus,
*oeningensis, *penninervis, *petrifactus, *pinguiculus,
*pinguis, *saussurei (unresolved h o m o n y m ) ,
*shanwangensis, *tokunagai, *ullrichi, *vehe„*ens
(= *miserabilis), *vetus.
*CARIRIDRIS (Myrmeciinae). Included species:
*bipetiolata.
*CASALEIA (Ponerinae: Amblyoponini). Included spe­
cies: *inversa.
CATAGLYPHIS (Formicinae: Forrnicini). Included fos­
sil species: *constrictus.
CATAULACUS (Myrmicinae: Cataulacini). Included
fossil species: *anthracinus (= *nigra), *planiceps,
*silvestrii.
*CEPHALOMYRMEX (Myrmicinae). Included species:
*rotundatus.
CERAPACHYS (Cerapachyinae: Cerapachyini).
Included fossil species: *annosus, *favosus.
CHIMAEROMYRMA (Formicinae: Camponotini).
Included species: *brachycephala.
CREMATOGASTER (Myrmicinae: Crematogastrini).
Included fossil species: *praecursor, *pusilla.
CRETACOFORMICA (dubiously Formicidae).
Included species: *explicata.
CRETOMYRMA (*Sphecomyrminae). Included spe­
cies: *arnoldii, *unicornis.
CRETOPONE (*Armaniinae). Included species:
*magna.
CTENOBETHYLUS (junior s y n o n y m of Liometopum).
DLUSSKYIDRIS (*Sphecomymiinae). Included spe­
cies: *zherichini.
DOLICBODERUS (Dolichoderinae). Included fossil
species: *affectus, *anglicus, *anthracinus, *antiquus,
*balticus, *britannicus, *bruneti, *caribbaens, *coquandi,
*cornutus, *dibolius, *elegans, *explicans, *gurnetensis,
*kutsckiinicus, *longipennis, *mesosternalis, *nitidus,
*obliteratus, *oviformis, *ovigerus, *passalomma,
*primitivus, *prolaminatus, *rohweri, *sculpturatus,
*tauricus, *tertiarius, *vectensis, *vexillarius.
*DOLICHOMYRMA (*Annaniinae). Included species:
*laticeps, *longiceps.
*DRYMOMYRMEX (Fonrntinae: Camponotini).
Included species: *claripennis, *fuscipennis.
ECTATOMMA (Ponerinae: Ectatorrunini). Included
fossil species: *gracik.
*ELAEOMYRMEX (DoUchoderinae). Included species:
* coloradensis, *gracilis.
*ELECTROMYRMEX (Myrmicinae). Included species:
*kkbsi.
*ELECTROPONERA (Ponerinae: Ectatommini).
Included species: *dubia.
*EMPLASTUS (Ponerinae: Ponerini). Included species:
*emeryi.
*ENNEAMERUS (Myrmicinae: M y m i e c i n i n i (?)).
Included species: *reticulatus.
*EOCENIDRIS (Myrmicinae).Included species: *crassa.
*EOFORMICA (Myrmicinae). Included species: *pinguis.
*EOMYRMEX (Myrmicinae). Included species:
*guchengziensis.
*EOPONERA (junior s y n o n y m of *Formicium).
*EOTAPINOMA (Dolichoderinae). Included species:
*compacta, *gracilis.
*EULITHOMYRMEX (Myrmicinae:
Agroecomyrmecini). Included species: *rugosus,
*striatus.
FORMICA (Formicinae: Formicini). Included fossil
species: *acuminata, *aemula, *alsatica, *antiqua, *arc-
ana, *atavina, *auxillacensis, *baltka, *bauckhorni,
*buphthalma, *cantalica, *capito, *cephalica, *clymene,
*cockerelli, *demersa, *eoptera, *flori, *fragilis (unre­
solved h o m o n y m ) , *gibbosa (unresolved h o m ­
o n y m ) , *ghbiventris, *gracilis (unresolved
h o m o n y m ) , *grandis, * gravida, *heteroptera, *horrida,
Hmmersa, *kollari, Hatinodosa, Havateri, *longicollis,
*longiventris, *lucida, *luteola, *macrocephala (unre­
solved h o m o n y m ) , *macrognatha, *macrophthalma,
*maculipennis, *martynovi, *nigra (unresolved h o m ­
o n y m ) , *oblita, *obtecta, *obvoluta, *ocella, *oculata,
*ophthalmica, *orbata, *parvula, *parvula (unresolved
h o m o n y m ) , *phaethusa, *pitoni, *primitiva,
*primordialis, *procera, *pukhella, *pumila, *quadrata,
*robusta, *sepulta, *serresi, *seuberti, *strangulata, *sur-
inamensis, *trigona, ^tripartita, *ungeri.
*FORMICITES (collective group n a m e , w i t h o u t included
n a m e d taxa).
*FORMICIUM (*Formiciinae). Included species: *berryi,
*brodiei, *giganteum, *mirabik, *simiUimum.
GESOMYRMEX (Formicinae: Gesomyrmecini).
Included fossil species: *expectans, *hoemesi
(= *annectens, = *mayri, = *theryi), *miegi.
*GLAPHYROMYRMEX (Formicinae: Formicini).
Included species: *oligocenicus.
GNAMPTOGENYS (Ponerinae: Ectatommini).
Included fossil species: *europaea, *levinates, *pristina.
*HYPOPOMYRMEX (Myrmicinae: Pheidologetonini).
Included species: *bombiccii.
*ILEMOMYRMEX (Myrmicinae: Stenamnrini?).
Included species: *caecus.
*IMHOFFLA (Formicinae). Included species: *nigra,
*pallida.
IRIDOMYRMEX (Dolichoderinae). Included fossil spe­
cies: *breviantennis, *florissantius, *geinitzi, *haueri,
*mapesi, *oblongiceps, *obscurans.
*KOTSHKORKIA (Dolichoderinae). Included species:
*laticcps.
*LAMPROMYRMEX (junior s y n o n y m of Monomorium).
LASIUS (Formicinae: Lasiini). Included fossil species:
*chambonensis, *crispus, *epkentrus, *globularis,
*longaevus, *longipennis, *minumlus, *nemorivagus,
*obliteratus, *oblongus, *obscurus, *occultatus, *peri-
tulus, *pumilus (= *punctulatus), *redtenbacheri,
*schkfferdeckeri (= *edentatus), *terreus, *tertiarius,
*vetulus.
LEPTOMYRMEX (Dolichoderinae). Included fossil
species: *neotropicus.
*LEPTOMYRMULA (Dolichoderinae). included spe­
cies: *maravignae.
LEPTOTHORAX (Myrmicinae: Formicoxenini).
Included fossil species: *glaesarius, *gracilis,
*hystriculus, *longaevus, *pladvus, *praecreolus.
*LEUCOTAPHUS (Formicinae: Forrnicini). Included
species: *cockere!li, *gurnetensis, *permancus.
LJNEPTTHEMA (Dolichoderinae). Included fossil spe­
cies: *hispaniolae, *humiloides.
LIOMETOPUM (Dolichoderinae). Included fossil spe­
cies: * antiquum, *goepperti (= *succinaiis), *imhoffii
(= *schmidtii), *miocenicum, *oligocenicum, *scudderi.
*LITHOMYRMEX (junior h o m o n y m , see
*Eulithomyrmex).
*LONCHOMYRMEX (Myrmicinae: Pheidolini?).
Included species: *freyeri, *nigritus.
*MEGAPTERITES (junior s y n o n y m of *Formicium).
MESSOR (Myrmicinae: Pheidolini). Included fossil
species: *sculpturatus (unresolved h o m o n y m ) .
*MIANEURETUS (Aneuretinae). Included species:
*mirabilis.
*MIOMYRMEX (Dolichoderinae). Included species:
*impactus, *striatus.
MONOMORIUM (Myrmicinae: Solenopsidini).
Included fossil species: *mayrianum (= *gracillimus),
*pilipes.
MYRMICA (Myrmicinae: Myrrnicini). Included fossil
species: *aemula, *angusticollis, *archaica, *bremii,
*concinna, *jurinei, *bngispirwsa, *macrocephala,
*molassica, *nebulosa, *obsokta, Hertiaria (= *bicolor),
*venusta (unresolved h o m o n y m ) .
*MYRMICITES (collective group n a m e , w i t h o u t
included n a m e d taxa).
*MYRMICIUM (Myrmicinae). Included species: *heerii.
NETVAMYRMEX (Ecitoninae: Ecitonini). Included fos­
sil species: *ectopus.
*NOTHOMYRMICA (Myrmicinae: Myrrnicini?).
Included species: ^intermedia, *petiolata, *rudis,
*rugosostriata.
ODONTOMACHUS (Ponerinae: Ponerini). Included
fossil species: *pseudobauri, *spinifer.
OECOPHYLLA (Formicinae: Oecophyllini). Included
fossil species: *atavina, *bartoniana, *brischkei,
*crassinoda, *kakeyi, *megarche, *obesa, *perdita,
*praeclara, *sicula, *superba.
OLIGOMYRMEX (Myrmicinae: Pheidologetonini).
Included fossil species: *antiquus, *bohemicus,
*sophiae, *thorali.
*OXYIDRIS (Myrmicinae: Pheidologetonini). Included
species: *antillana.
PACHYCONDYLA (Ponerinae: Ponerini). included
fossil species: *cakarea, *crawleyi, *dubia, *globiventris,
*gratilicomis, *succinea.
*PALAEOMYRMEX (junior h o m o n y m , see *Dlusskyidris).
*PALEOSMINTHURUS (*Paleosminthurinae).
Included species: *juliae.
*PARAMERANOPLUS (Myrmicinae: Meranoplini).
Included species: *primaevus.
*PARANEURETUS (Aneuretinae). Included species:
Hongicomis, *tornquisti.
*PARAPHAENOGASTER (Myrmicinae: Pheidolini).
Included species: *microphthalma, *shanwangensis.
PARAPONERA (Ponerinae: Paraponerini). Included
fossil species: *dieteri.
*PETRAEOMYRMEX (Dolichoderinae). Included spe­
cies: *minimus.
*PETROPONE (*Armaruinae). Included species:
*petiolata.
PHEIDOLE (Myrmicinae: Pheidolini). Included fossil
species: *cordata, *tertiaria, *tethepa.
PHEIDOLOGETON (Myrmicinae: Pheidologetonini).
Included fossil species: *rugiceps, *schossnicen$is.
*PITYOMYRMEX (Dolichoderinae). Included species:
*tornquisti.
PLAGIOLEPIS (Formicinae: Plagiolepidini). Included
fossil species: *klinsmanni, *kuenowi, *labilis,
*singularis, *solitaria, *squamifera, *succini.
PLATYTHYEA (Ponerinae: Platythyreini). included
fossil species: *primaeva.
PODOMYRMA (Myrmicinae: Fonriicoxenini).
Included fossil species: *mayri.
POGONOMYRMEX (Myrmicinae: Myrrnicini).
Included fossil species: *fossilis.
PONERA (Ponerinae: Ponerini). Included fossil spe­
cies: *atavia, *ekgantissima, *kptocephala, *minuta.
*PONERITES (Ponerinae: Ponerini). Included species:
*karaganensis, *stauropolitanus, *umbra.
*PONEROPSIS (Ponerinae: Ponerini). Included spe­
cies: *affinis, *brunascens, *crassinervis, *croatka,
*elongata, *elongatula, *escheri, *fuliginosa, *gbbosa,
*hypolitha, *bngaeva, *lugubris, *morio, *pallida, *rhen-
ana, *stygia, *tenuis, *veneraria, *ventrosa.
*PONEROPTERUS (*Armaniinae). Included species:
*sphecoides.
PRENOLEPIS (Formicinae: Lasiini). Included fossil
species: *henschei, *pygmaea.
*PRIONOMYRMEX (Myrmeciinae: Prionomyrmecini).
Included species: Hongiceps.
Fossil Taxa 5
*PROCERAPACHYS (junior s y n o n y m of Cerapachys).
PROCERATIUM (Ponerinae: Proceratiini). Included
fossil species: *denticulatum.
*PRODIMORPHOMYRMEX (Formicinae:
G e s o m y r m e d n i ) . Included species: *primigenius.
*PROMYRMICIUM (Myrmicinae). Included species:
*boreale.
*PROPODOMYRMA (junior s y n o n y m of Vollenhovia).
*PROTAMBLYOPONE (junior h o m o n y m , see *Casaleia).
*PROTANEURETUS (Aneuretinae). i n c l u d e d species:
*succineus.
*PROTAZTECA (Dolichoderinae). Included species:
*capitata, *elongata, *hendersoni, *quadrata.
*PROTOFORMICA (Formicinae: Formicini). Included
species: *proformicoides.
*PROTOPONE (Ponerinae: Ponerini). Included species:
*primigena.
*PROTRECHJNA (Formicinae: Lasiini). Included spe­
cies: *carpenteri.
*PSEUDARMANIA (*Armaniinae). Included species:
*aberrans, *rasnitsyni.
6 Fossil Taxa
*PSEUDOCAMPONOTUS (Formicinae: Camponotini).
Included species: *elkoanus.
PSEUDOLASIUS (Formicinae: Lasiini). Included fossil
species: *boreus.
PSEUDOMYRMEX (Pseudomyrmecinae). Included
fossil species: *antiquus, *avitus, *baros, *coruscus,
*extinctus, *macrops, *nexilis, *oryctus, *prioris,
*succinus, *thecolor, *vicinus.
*KHOPALOMYRMEX (Formicinae: Plagiolepidini).
Included species: *pygmaeus.
RHYTWOPONERA (Ponerinae: Ectatonnnini).
Included fossil species: *kirghizorum.
*SICILOMYRMEX (Formicinae: *Sicflomyrmedni).
Included species: *corniger.
SMTTHISTRUMA (Myrmicinae: Dacetini). Included
fossil species: *electrina, *schleeorum.
SOLENOPSIS (Myrmicinae: Solenopsidini). Included
fossil species: *blanda (= *acuta), *foersteri, *major
(unresolved h o m o n y m ) , *maxima, *moesta, *privata,
*superba { = *extensa), *valida.
*SPHECOMYRMA (*Sphecomyrminae). Included spe­
cies: *canadensis, *freyi.
STENAMMA (Myrmicinae: S t e n a m m i n i ) . Included
fossil species: *berendti.
*STIGMOMYRMEX (Myrmicinae: Forrmcoxenini?).
Included species: *venustus.
*STIPHROMYRMEX (Myrmicinae: M y r m e c i i i n i ? ) .
Included species: *robustus.
*SYNTAPHUS (Ponerinae: Ecratommini). Included spe­
cies: *wkeeleri.
TAPINOMA (Dolichoderinae). Included fossil species:
*minutissimum, *troche.
TECHNOMYRMEX (Dolichoderinae). Included fossil
species: *deletus.
TETRAPONERA ( P s e u d o m y n n e c i n a e ) . Included fos­
sil species: *angustata, *klebsi, *lacrimarum, *ocellata,
*oligocenica, ^simplex.
TRA CHYMYRMEX (Myrrmcmae: Attini). Included
fossil species: *primaevus.
VOLLENHOVIA (Myrmicinae: M e t a p o n i n i ) . Included
fossil species: *beyrichi (= *samlandica), *prisca.
*ZHERICEONWS (Dolichoderinae). Included species:
*horribilis, *rapax.
 Catalogue of Family-Group
(Suprageneric) Taxa
L a y o u t of t h e c a t a l o g u e
In the alphabetically arranged list of family-group taxa below, each
name is immediately followed by parentheses giving information on
the current status of the name. Subsequent entries list references for
the following:
i. The original description, designation, or nomination of the
taxon, and its type-genus.
ii. In date order, any changes of spelling, rank-denoting suffix,
stem, or assignment; as well as changes modifying the original
content of the taxon.
iii. Revisions or reviews of the taxon.
iv. Junior or senior synonyms of the taxon.
v. List of valid lower-ranking taxa currently included within the
higher-ranking taxon.
vi. Notes.
All family-group taxa are listed in alphabetical order regardless of
their current status. Statements of synonymy are repeated under both
junior and senior names, but junior synonyms appear in the form
given at their inception. Taxonomically unavailable names are stated
as such and are followed by a note explaining their provenance and
dispersal. Names currently considered valid are in BOLD CAPITALS,
all other names are in CAPITALS.
The symbol * preceding a name at any rank indicates that the taxon
is k n o w n only from the fossil record.
No attempt has been made to record every occurrence of a name
throughout the entire ant literature. Only references conveying new,
modified, or synoptic information are given.
The appearance of simple misspellings caused by obvious typo­
graphical errors in the names has been ignored in the catalogue, ex­
cept w h e n it affects the nomenclature. For example, in DIussky &
Fedoseeva (1987: 78), Apomyrmini appears as Aromyrmini. As the
only included genus is stated correctly as Apomyrma, such a minor
error is unlikely to cause confusion. However, w h e n a rnisspelling is so
gross that it may tend to confuse, it is included in the catalogue; for
example Myrmorhynchini for Myrmecorhynchini. The object of this
survey is to present a concise and useful catalogue, not a long list of all
the typographical errors ever perpetrated in the Formicidae.
A p p l i c a t i o n of t h e C o d e t o f a m i l y - g r o u p t a x a
The provisions of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature
(Third Edition, 1985) have in the past been m u c h neglected as regards
their application to names in the family-group; they are implemented
in this catalogue. It is not practical to repeat all the rules and provi­
sions here, but some basic principles, particularly those which affect
entries in this catalogue, should be clarified.
1. Names proposed in the family-group (suprageneric taxa) must be
based upon the name-stem of an available genus rank taxon; other­
wise they are taxonomically unavailable. For example, Formicidae,
formed from the genus rank name Formica; Cerapachyinae, formed
from the genus-rank name Cerapachys; and Brachymyrmecini, formed
from the genus rank n a m e Brachymyrmex, are all available. On the
other hand, names such as Euformicinae, Rhagiomyrmicinae, and
Taraxoponerinae are unavailable, as they are not based on a genus-
rank name.
2. Standard suffixes mcHcating the rank of a suprageneric taxon are
as follows:
-idae for taxa of family rank,
-inae for taxa of subfamily rank,
-ini for taxa of tribe rank.
A formal suffix to indicate subtribal rank has never been stand­
ardised, though -ina is much used elsewhere in the Hymenoptera.
Brown (1957i: 193) has suggested -iti, but this does not appear to have
gained wide recognition or support. As a personal, subjective, opinion
I can see n o obvious advantage to the use of subtribes. They merely
interpose another formal taxonomic rank of very marginal value;
their place should perhaps be taken by informal groups of genera
which, however closely they are defined, do not add an additional
stratum to the formal nomenclature.
Note that before about 1895 there was no general agreement on
suffixes determining a particular rank. Thus, before that date -idae, for
example, may be applied to suprageneric taxa below the rank of family.
3. A change of suffix in an available family-group name, indicating
a change of rank, does not initiate any alteration of the name of the
author, nor does it require a change of date, nor is the author's name
placed in parentheses or in any other way modified. Irrespective of
the suffix, the name is always attributed to the author who first used
it as an available name in the family-group, and with that date of
publication.
4. The law of priority is applicable to suprageneric taxa. The valid
name of a taxon is the oldest available name applied to it. For exam­
ple, the name Leptothoracini Emery (1914a: 38) is antedated by For-
micoxenini Forel (1893a: 164). Emery (1914a: 42) himself included
the type-genus of Formicoxenini (Formicoxenus) in his tribe Lepto­
thoracini. No subsequent author has questioned the fact that Formi­
coxenus and Leptothorax (the type-genus of Leptothoracini) belong in
the same tribe; nor is it questioned here. Hence the better-known
name Leptothoracini falls as a junior synonym of Formicoxenus.
5. The principle of homonymy is applicable to suprageneric taxa.
For example Monomoriini Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 45 is a junior
homonym (and also a junior synonym) of Monomoriini Emery,
1914a: 4 1 .
History of s y n o p t i c classifications
The purpose of a synoptic classification is to present the reader with a
systematic overview which shows at a glance the author's opinion of
the worldwide classification of a particular group. Such synopses have
a long history in the Formicidae and are divisible into two main cate­
gories: first, those with reasons given for the classification, either
stated or implied by reference to earlier studies; and second, those
taking the form of a simple list, without justification or argument for
the system outlined.
In the main, later synopses were built upon, and relied heavily on,
earlier studies. The first authors to come to grips with an overall clas­
sification of ants, in a recognisably modern system, were Forel
(1893a) and Emery (1895J, 1896e), although these dated back to
preliminary surveys by Emery (1877a) and Forel (1878). Further ad­
ditions to the fledgling system thus produced were made by Emery
(1901a, 1914a, 1915i). These culminated in his contributions to the
remarkable Genera Insectorum volumes (Emery, 1910b, 191 Id, 1912g,
1921f, 1922e, 1922f, 1925b), which offered both classification and
catalogue. Other notable synopses made in the first quarter of the
twentieth century included those of Forel (1917), Wheeler, W.M.
(1922a), and the rather idiosyncratic classification of Ashmead
(1905b). These publications account for the majority of subfamily and
tribe names still in use in the Formicidae. Most of these contributions
fall into the first category outlined above, but the works of Ashmead
(1905b) and Forel (1917) fall into the second.
After 1925 the appeal of synoptic classifications appears to have
waned, although a few regional synopses have been produced, for
example by Kempf (1972a) at the end of his Neotropical catalogue.
Fresh interest was kindled by Brown's (1973b) synoptic list of sub­
families and genera, and in recent years there has been a small deluge
of synopses, all of which fall into the second category mentioned
above. These include the works of Snelling (1981), Wheeler, G.C. &
Wheeler, J. (1985), DIussky & Fedoseeva (1987), Holldobler & Wilson
(1990), and Bolton (1994). For the most part these give a useful
overview, but unfortunately the "simplified conspectus of Formici­
dae" produced by Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. (1985) is retrograde.
Errors of omission and commision abound and the list is untrust­
worthy and not recommended.
N o t e o n tribe-rank classification
In subfamilies of Formicidae such as Cerapachyinae and Ecitoninae,
and to a large extent Ponerinae, the tribe-rank classification is more or
less accurate and reflects, to a reasonable extent, an acceptable clas­
sification at our current state of knowledge. The same could not be
said of the subfamilies Formicinae and Myrmicinae. In these the tribe-
rank classification is ancient, decrepit, largely speculative, and in dire
need of serious modern analysis. The tribes of Formicinae listed here
largely follow, with minor modifications, the classical systems of
Wheeler, W.M. (1922a) and Emery (1925b), which, despite all their
shortcomings, we must still use. The tribes of Myrmicinae, as pre­
sented here, reflect my current opinions, for what they are worth, but
these should not be considered definite or final by any means.

T h e c a t a l o g u e of f a m i l y - g r o u p Acanthosticiiini: Bolton, 1990a: 67 [as tribe of AENICTOGITONINAE (subfamily of Formicidae)

(suprageneric) taxa
ACANTHOMYOPSINI (junior s y n o n y m of Lasiini)
Acanthomyopsini Donisthorpe, 1943f: 6 1 8 [as tribe of
Formicinae]. Type-genus: Acanthomyops.
J u n i o r s y n o n y m of Lasiini: Bolton, 1994: 50.
ACANTHOSTICHTNI (tribe of Cerapachyinae)
Acanthostichii Emery, 1901a: 34 [as tribe of
Dorylinae]. Type-genus: Acanthostichus.
Acanthostichinae: A s h m e a d , 1905b: 382 [as subfamily
of Dorylidae].
Acanthostichini: Emery, 19 l i d : 12 [as tribe of Pon­
erinae; e m e n d e d spelling of suffix].
Acanthostichini: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 640 [as tribe
of Cerapachyinae].
Acanthostichini: B r o w n , 1975: 39 [as tribe of P o n ­
erinae].
Cerapachyinae].
Revision of tribe: B r o w n , 1975: 39.
Included g e n u s : Acanthostichus.
AENICTINAE (subfamily of Formicidae)
Aenictii Emery, 1901a: 36 [as tribe of Dorylinae].
Type-genus: Aenictus.
Aemctini: A s h m e a d , 1905b: 381 [ e m e n d e d spelling of
suffix].
Aenictii: Emery, 1910b: 2 8 [as j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Ecitoni]. (Wrongly retained as such by Wheeler,
G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1 9 8 5 : 2 5 6 ) .
Aemctini: Borgmeier, 1954c: 212 [revived from s y n o n ­
y m y as tribe of Dorylinae].
Aenictinae: Bolton, 1990c: 1358 [as subfamily of
Formicidae]; Baroni Urbani, Bolton & Ward, 1992:
315.
Included genus: Aenictus.
Aenictogitonini A s h m e a d , 1905b: 381 [as tribe of
Dorylinae]. Type-genus: Aenictogiton.
Aenirtogitini: B r o w n , 1 9 7 5 : 4 3 [as tribe of Ponerinae;
unjustified e m e n d a t i o n of spelling].
Aenictogitoninae: Baroni Urbani, Bolton & Ward,
1992: 315 [as subfamily of Formicidae].
Revision (as tribe of P o n e r i n a e ) : B r o w n , 1 9 7 5 : 4 3 .
Included g e n u s : Aenictogiton.
AGROECOMYRMECTJNI (tribe of Myrmicinae)
Agroecomyrmicini Carpenter, 1930: 34 [as tribe of
Myrmicinae]. Type-genus: *Agroecomyrmex.
Agroecomyrmecini: B r o w n & Kempf, 1968: 184
[ e m e n d e d spelling].
Revision of tribe: B r o w n & Kempf, 1968: 184.
Included genera: *Agroecomyrmex, *Eulithomyrmex,
Tatuidris.

8 Family-Group (Suprageneric) Taxa

ALLOFORMICINAE (unavailable n a m e )
Allofonnicinae Emery, 1925b: 9 [as "section" of
Formicinae]. Section designated to include tribes
Melophorini, Myrmelachistini a n d Plagiolepidini.
Unavailable n a m e ; n o t based o n genus r a n k t a x o n .
Contained material referable to Formicinae: Bolton,
1994: 5 1 .
AMBLYOPONINI (tribe of Ponerinae)
A m b l y o p o n i n a e Forel, 1893a: 162 [as subfamily of
Formicidae]. Type-genus: Amblyopone.
Amblyoponii: Emery, 1895c: 2 6 1 ; Emery, 1895J: 761
[as tribe of P o n e r i n a e ] .
Amblyoponini: Ashmead, 1905b: 382 [ e m e n d e d spell­
ing of suffix].
Amblyoponinae: Clark, 1 9 5 1 : 1 5 (in key) [as subfam­
ily of Formicidae].
Amblyoponini: Brown, 1953c: 11 [as tribe of Pon­
erinae].
Revision of tribe: B r o w n , 1960a: 145; Ward, 1994:
167.
Senior s y n o n y m of
Ericapeltini (type-genus included in Amblyoponini
by Brown, 1960a: 156, b u t n o t formally syn-
onymised): Bolton, 1994: 164.
Examblyoponini: B r o w n , 1 9 5 1 : 1 0 2 .
Onychomyrmicini (type-genus included in
Amblyoponini b y B r o w n , 1960a: 178, b u t n o t for­
mally synonymised): Bolton, 1 9 9 4 : 1 6 4 .
Reneini: B r o w n , 19 5 3c: 1 1 .
Included genera: Adetomyrma, Amblyopone, *Casaleia,
Concoctio, Myopopone, Mystrium, Onychomyrmex,
Paraprionopelta, Prionopelta.
ANERGATIDINI (junior s y n o n y m of Pheidolini)
Anergatidini Emery, 1922e: 116 [as subtribe of
Pheidolini]. Type-genus: Anergatides (junior syn­
o n y m of Pheidole).
J u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pheidolini: Bolton, 1994: 106.
ANERGATTNI (junior s y n o n y m of Tetramoriini)
Anergatini Emery, 1914a: 4 1 [as subtribe of
Solenopsidini]. Type-genus: Anergates.
J u n i o r s y n o n y m of Tetramoriini: Bolton, 1 9 9 4 : 1 0 6 .
ANEURETINAE (subfamily of Formicidae)
Aneuretini Emery, 1912g: 6 [as tribe of
Dolichoderinae]. Type-genus: Aneuretus.
A n e u r e t i n a e : Clark, 1 9 5 1 : 1 6 (footnote) [as subfamily
of Formicidae].
A n e u r e t i n a e : Baroni Urbani, 1 9 8 9 : 1 4 7 [as j u n i o r syn­
o n y m of Dolichoderinae].
A n e u r e t i n a e : Bolton, 1990c: 1361 [revived status as
subfamily of Formicidae]; Shattuck, 1992b: 2 0 1 ;
Baroni Urbani, Bolton & Ward, 1992: 3 1 5 .
Review of subfamily: Wilson, Eisner, W h e e l e r &
Wheeler, 1 9 5 6 : 8 1 .
Catalogue a n d bibliography of subfamily: Shattuck,
1994:1.
Included genera: *Aneuretellus, Aneuretus,
*Mianeuretus, *Paraneuretus, *Protaneuretus.
Note. Material originally included u n d e r t h e unavail­
able n a m e Prodolichoderinae is referable in part to
A n e u r e t i n a e : Bolton, 1994: 15.
ANOMALOMYRMINI (tribe of Leptanillinae)
A n o m a l o m y r m i n i Taylor, in Bolton, 1990b: 2 7 8 . Type-
g e n u s : Anomalomyrma.
Included genera: Anomalomyrma, Protanilla.
ANONYCHOMYRMINI (junior s y n o n y m of
Dolichoderinae)
A n o n y c h o m y r m i n i Donisthorpe, 1947c: 588 [as tribe
of Dolichoderinae]. Type-genus: Anonychomyrma.
J u n i o r s y n o n y m of Dolichoderinae: Shattuck, 1992c:
5.
APHAENOGASTRINI (junior s y n o n y m of Pheidolini)
Aphaenogastrini E n z m a n n , J. 1947b: 147 [as tribe of
M y r m i c i n a e ] . Type-genus: Aphaenogaster.
J u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pheidolini: B r o w n , 1949a: 4 8 .
APOMYRMINAE (subfamily of Formicidae)
A p o m y r m i n i DIussky & Fedoseeva, 1987: 78 [as tribe
of P o n e r i n a e ] . Type-genus: Apomyrma.
Apomyrrnim: Bolton, 1990b: 2 8 0 [as tribe of
Leptarrillinae].
A p o m y r m i n a e : Baroni Urbani, Bolton & Ward, 1992:
316 [as subfamily of Formicidae].
Included genus: Apomyrma.
ARCHAEOMYRMICINI (junior s y n o n y m of
Myrmecinini)
Archaeomyrmicini M a n n , 1 9 2 1 : 4 4 9 [as tribe of
M y r m i c i n a e ] . Type-genus: Archaeomyrmex (junior
s y n o n y m of Myrmecina).
J u n i o r s y n o n y m of Myrmecinini: B r o w n , 1971a: 2
*ARCHEPONEPJNI (junior s y n o n y m of Ponerini)
*Archiponerini DIussky & Fedoseeva, 1987: 78 [as tribe
of P o n e r i n a e ] . Type-genus: *Archiponera.
J u n i o r s y n o n y m of Ponerini: Bolton, 1994: 164.
*ARMANIINAE (subfamily of Formicidae)
*Armaniidae DIussky, 1983: 66 [as family of
Formicoidea]. Type-genus: *Armania.
*Armaniidae: Wilson, 1987: 4 9 [as j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Formicidae].
*Armaniidae: DIussky & Fedoseeva, 1987: 77 [revived
status as family of Formicoidea].
*Armaniinae: Carpenter, 1 9 9 2 : 4 9 1 ; Bolton, 1 9 9 4 : 1 8 7
[as subfamily of Formicidae].
Included genera: *Archaeopone, *Armania, *Armaniella,
*Cretopone, *Dolichomyrma, *Petropone, *Poneropterus,
*Pseudarmania.
ATTINI (tribe of Myrmicinae)
Attidae Smith, F. 1858b: 161 [as subfamily of
Formicidae]. Type-genus: Atta.
Attidae: Smith, F. 1863: 21 [as family].
Attidae: Emery, 1877a: 72 [as "group" w i t h i n
Myrmicidae].
Attii: Forel, 1893a: 163 [as tribe of Myrmicinae].
Attinae: Ashmead, 1905b: 383 [as subfamily of
Cryptoceridae].
Attini: Emery, 1914a: 39; Forel, 1917: 2 3 2 [ e m e n d e d
spelling of suffix; as tribe of M y r m i c i n a e ] .
Included genera: Acromyrmex, Apterostigma, Atta,
*Attaichnus (ichnotaxon), Cyphomyrmex, Mycetarotes,
Mycetophylax, Mycetosoritis, Mycocepurus,
Myrmicocrypta, Pseudoatta, Sericomyrmex,
Trachymyrmex.
AXINIDRrNI (junior s y n o n y m of Dolichoderinae)
Axinidrini Weber, 1941a: 193 fas tribe of
Dolichoderinae]. Type-genus: Axinidris.
J u n i o r s y n o n y m of Dolichoderinae: Shattuck, 1992c:
5.
BASICEROTTNI (tribe of Myrmicinae)
Basicerotini B r o w n , 1949f: 86 [as tribe of
M y r m i c i n a e ] . Type-genus: Basiceros.
Revision of tribe: B r o w n & Kempf, 1960: 1 6 1 .
J u n i o r s y n o n y m of Dacetini: Baroni Urbani & De
Andrade, 1994: 10.
Basicerotini revived from s y n o n y m y : r e v i v e d s t a t u s .
Included genera: Basiceros, Creightonidris,
Eurhopalothrix, Octostruma, Protalaridris, Rhopalothrix,
Talaridris.
BLEPHARTO ATTINI (tribe of Myrmicinae)
Blepharidattini Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1991a:
133. Type-genus: Blepharidatta.
Included genera: Blepharidatta, Wasmannia.
BRACHYMYRMECINI (tribe of Formicinae)
Brachymyrmicini Emery, 1925b: 4 0 [as subtribe of
D i m o r p h o m y r m i c i n i ] . Type-genus: Brachymyrmex.
Brachymyrmicini: Wheeler, W.M. 1929a: 12 [as tribe
of Formicinae].
Brachymyrmecini: Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985:
258 [emendedspelling].
Included genera: Aphomomyrmex, Brachymyrmex,
Cladomyrma, Petalomyrmex, Pseudaphomomyrmex.
BREGMATOMYRMINI (tribe of Formicinae)
B r e g m a t o m y r m i i Wheeler, W.M. 1929b: 5 [as tribe of
Formicinae]. Type-genus: Bregmatomyrma.
B r e g m a t o m y r m i n i : Bolton, 1994: 50 [ e m e n d e d spell­
ing of suffix].
Included g e n u s : Bregmatomyrma.
CALYPTOMYRMECENT (junior s y n o n y m of
Stenammini)
Calyptomyrmecini DIussky & Fedoseeva, 1987: 80 [as
tribe of Myrmicinae]. Type-genus: Calyptomyrmex.
J u n i o r s y n o n y m of Stenannruni: Bolton, 1 9 9 4 : 1 0 6 .
CAMPONOTINI (tribe of Formicinae)
C a m p o n o t i d a e Forel, 1878: 3 6 4 [as subfamily of
Formicidae]. Type-genus: Camponotus.
C a m p o n o t i n a e : Forel, 1893a: 165 [ e m e n d e d spelling
of suffix].
Camponotii: Forel, 1893a: 165 [as tribe of
Camponotinae].
Camponotini: Ashmead, 1905b: 384 [ e m e n d e d spell­
ing of suffix].
Camponotini: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 6 9 3 [as tribe of
Formicinae].
Senior s y n o n y m of Polyrhachidini: Bolton, 1994: 50.
Included genera: Calomyrmex, *Camponotites,
Camponotus, *Chimaeromyrma, Dendromyrmex,
*Drymomyrmex, Echinopla, Forelophilus, Notostigma,
Opisthopsis, Overbeckia, Phasmomyrmex, Polyrhachis,
*Pseudocamponotus.
CARDIOCONDYLENI (junior s y n o n y m of
Formicoxeriini)
Cardiocondylini Emery, 1914a: 36 [as tribe of
M y r m i c i n a e ] . Type-genus: Cardiocondyla.
J u n i o r s y n o n y m of Leptothoracini: Bolton, 1982: 3 1 1 .
J u n i o r s y n o n y m of Formicoxemrii: Bolton, 1 9 9 4 : 1 0 5 .
Family-Group (Suprageneric) Taxa 9
CATAULACINI (tribe of Myrmicinae)
Cataulacii Emery, 1895J: 771 [as tribe of M y r m i c i n a e ] .
Type-germs: Cataulacus.
Cataulacinae: Ashmead, 1905b: 3 8 4 [as subfamily of
Cryptoceridae].
Cataulacmi: Emery, 1914a: 39 [ e m e n d e d spelling of
suffix; as tribe of M y r m i c i n a e ] .
Revision of tribe: Bolton, 1974a: 1.
Included g e n u s : Cataulacus.
CENTROMYRMICINI (junior s y n o n y m of Ponerini)
CentxomyrmiciniEmery, 191 I d : 57 [as subtribe of
Ponerini]. Type-genus: Centromymtex.
J u n i o r s y n o n y m of Ponerini: B r o w n , 1953c: 9.
CEPHALOTTNI (tribe of Myrmicinae)
Cephalotini Smith, M.R. 1949c: 18 [as tribe of
M y r m i c i n a e ] . Type-genus: Cephalotes.
Revision of tribe: Kempf, 1 9 5 1 : 1 ; Kempf, 1 9 5 2 : 1 ;
Kempf, 1958a: 1; Kempf, 1973c: 4 6 1 .
Senior s y n o n y m of Cryptoceridae: Smith, M.R. 1949c:
18.
Included genera: Cephalotes, Eucryptocerus, Pro-
cryptocerus, Zacryptocerus.
CERAPACHYINAE (subfamily of Formicidae)
Cerapachysii Forel, 1893a: 162 [as tribe of P o n e r i n a e ] .
Type-genus: Cerapachys.
Cerapachyinae: Wheeler, W.M. 1902d: 185 [as
"group" of Ponerinae.]
Cerapachyinae: Wheeler, W.M. 1920: 51 [as subfamily
of Formicidae].
Cerapachyidae: Bernard, 1 9 5 1 : 1 0 4 6 [as family of
Formicoidea].
Cerapachyinae: Clark, 1 9 5 1 : 1 5 (in key) [as subfamily
of Formicidae].
Cerapachyinae: B r o w n , 1 9 7 5 : 1 4 [as j u n i o r s y n o n y m
of P o n e r i n a e ] .
Cerapachyinae: Bolton, 1990a: 66 [revived from syn­
o n y m y as subfamily of Formicidae]; Bolton, 1990c:
1356; Baroni Urbani, Bolton & Ward, 1992: 3 1 6 .
Revision of tribes: B r o w n , 1 9 7 5 : 1 1 .
Included tribes: Acanthosticmrii, Cerapachyini, Cyl-
mdromyrmecini.
Note. Material originally included u n d e r t h e unavail­
able n a m e Prodorylinae is referable to
Cerapachyinae: Bolton, 1990a: 6 6 .
CERAPACHYINI (tribe of Cerapachyinae)
Cerapachysii Forel, 1893a: 162 [as tribe of P o n e r i n a e ] .
Type-genus: Cerapachys.
Cerapachyi: Emery, 1895J: 7 6 5 [as tribe of Dorylinae].
Cerapachyini: Ashmead, 1905b: 382 [ e m e n d e d spell­
ing of suffix; as tribe of P o n e r i n a e ] .
Cerapachyini: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 638 [as tribe of
Cerapachyinae].
Cerapachyini: B r o w n , 1 9 7 5 : 1 4 [as tribe of P o n e r i n a e ] .
Cerapachyini: Bolton, 1990a: 67 [as tribe of
Cerapachyinae].
Revision of tribe: B r o w n , 1 9 7 5 : 1 4 .
Senior s y n o n y m of
Eusphinctinae: Bolton, 1990a: 66.
Lioponerini (type-genus included in Cerapachyini
by B r o w n , 1 9 7 5 : 1 9 , b u t n o t formally syn-
onymised): Bolton, 1 9 9 4 : 1 9 .
Included genera: Cerapachys, Simopone, Sphinctomyrmex.
10 Family-Group (Suprageneric) Taxa
CHELIOMYRMECINI (tribe of E d t o n i n a e )
CheHomyrmicini Wheeler, W.M. 1 9 2 I d : 319 [as tribe
of Dorylinae]. Type-genus: Cheliomyrmex.
Cheliomyrmecini: Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985:
2 5 6 [ e m e n d e d spelling].
CheMomyrmecini: Bolton, 1990c: 1357 [as tribe of
Edtoninae].
Revision of tribe: Borgmeier, 1955: 5 8 .
I n d u d e d g e n u s : Cheliomyrmex.
CREMATOGASTRINI (tribe of Myrmicinae)
Cremastogastrii Forel, 1893a: 164 [as tribe of
M y r m i c i n a e ] . Type-genus: Crematogaster.
Crematogastrii: Emery, 1895J: 7 6 9 [ e m e n d e d spelling].
Crematogastrini: Emery, 1914a: 37 [ e m e n d e d spelling
of suffix].
I n d u d e d g e n u s : Crematogaster.
CRYPTOCERIDAE (junior s y n o n y m of Cephalotini)
Cryptoceridae Smith, F. 1 8 5 4 : 2 1 4 [as subfamily of
F o r m i d d a e ] . Type-genus: Cryptocerus (junior syn­
o n y m of Cephalotes).
Cryptoceridae: Emery, 1877a: 72 [as "group" of
Myrmicinae].
Cryptocerii: Forel, 1893a: 164; Emery, 1 8 9 5 j : 7 6 3 [as
tribe of M y r m i c i n a e ] .
Cryptoceridae: Ashmead, 1905b: 3 8 3 [as family].
Cryptocerini: Emery, 1914a: 39 [ e m e n d e d spelling of
suffix; as tribe of M y r m i c i n a e ] .
J u n i o r s y n o n y m of Cephalotini: Smith, M.R. 1949c:
18.
CYLINDROMYRMECINI (tribe of Cerapachyinae)
Cylmdromyrmii Emery, 1901a: 3 4 [as tribe of
Dorylinae].Type-genus: Cylindromyrmex.
Cylmdromyimicini: Ashmead, 1905b: 382 [ e m e n d e d
spelling of suffix].
C y l m d r o m y r r m d n i : Emery, 191 I d : 14 [as tribe of P o n ­
erinae].
C y t o d r o m y r m e c m i : B r o w n , 1975: 36 [ e m e n d e d spell­
ing]-
C y M d r o m y r m e c i n i : Bolton, 1990a: 67 [as tribe of
Cerapachyinae].
Revision of tribe: B r o w n , 1975: 3 6 .
I n d u d e d g e n u s : Cylindromyrmex.
DACETTTI (junior s y n o n y m of Dacetini)
Dacetiti B r o w n , 1952g: 10 (footnote); B r o w n , 1954b:
4 6 5 (definition) [as subtribe of Dacetini]. Type-
genus: Daceton.
J u n i o r s y n o n y m of Dacetini: Baroni Urbani & De
A n d r a d e , 1994: 9.
DACETTNI (tribe of Myrmicinae)
DacetoniniForel, 1892d: 3 4 4 [as genus g r o u p ] . Type-
g e n u s : Daceton.
Dacetonii: Forel, 1893a: 164 [as tribe of M y r m i c i n a e ] .
Dacetii: Emery, 1895j: 7 7 0 [ e m e n d e d spelling].
Dacetini: Emery, 1914a: 13; Forel, 1 9 1 7 : 2 4 6
[ e m e n d e d spelling].
Revisionary studies: see publications of B r o w n ,
W.L.,Jr.
Senior s y n o n y m of Dacetiti, Epopostrnmiti,
Orectognathiti, Strurnigeniti: Baroni Urbani & De
A n d r a d e , 1994: 9.
I n d u d e d genera: Acanthognathus, Asketogenys,
Chelystruma, Cladarogenys, Codiomyrmex, Codioxenus,
Colobostruma, Daceton, Dorisidris, Dysedrognathus,
Epitritus, Epopostruma, Glamyromyrmex, Gym-
nomyrmex, Kyidris, Mesostruma, Microdaceton,
Neostruma, Orectognathus, Pentastruma, Quadristruma,
Serrastruma, Smithistruma, Strumigenys, Tingimyrmex,
Trichoscapa.
DIMORPHOMYRMn (junior s y n o n y m of
Gesomymedni)
D i m o r p h o m y r m i i Emery, 1895j: 7 7 2 [as tribe of
C a m p o n o t i n a e ] . Type-genus: Dimorphomyrmex
(junior s y n o n y m of Gesomyrmex).
D i m o r p h o m y r m i d n i : Forel, 1 9 1 7 : 2 3 2 [ e m e n d e d
spelling of suffix].
D i m o r p h o m y m f i d n i : Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 6 9 3 [as
tribe of Formicinae].
D i m o r p h o m y r m i d n i : Emery, 1925b: 39 [incorrectly
as senior s y n o n y m of G e s o m y r m e d n i ] .
J u n i o r s y n o n y m of G e s o m y r m e d n i : Wheeler, W.M.
1929a: 12.
DISCOTHYRTNAE (junior s y n o n y m of Proceratiini)
Discothyrinae Clark, 1 9 5 1 : 1 5 (in key) [as subfamily
of Formicinae]. Type-genus: Discothyrea.
J u n i o r s y n o n y m of E r t a t o m m i n i : Bolton, 1 9 9 4 : 1 6 4 ;
of Proceratiini: Lattke, 1 9 9 4 : 1 1 2 (implied b u t n o t
stated).
DOLICHODERINAE (subfamily of F o r m i d d a e )
Dolichoderidae Forel, 1878: 3 6 4 [as subfamily of
F o r m i d d a e ] . Type-genus: Dolichoderus.
Dolichoderinae: Forel, 1893a: 165 [ e m e n d e d spelling
of suffix].
Dolichoderidae: Bernard, 1 9 5 1 : 1 0 7 1 [as family of
Formicoidea].
Dolichoderinae: B r o w n , 1954e: 2 9 [as subfamily of
F o r m i d d a e ] ; DIussky & Fedoseeva, 1 9 8 7 : 7 7 ;
Shattuck, 1992b: 2 0 1 ; Baroni Urbani, Bolton &
Ward, 1 9 9 2 : 3 1 6 .
Revision of subfamily: Shattuck, 1992c: 1.
Catalogue a n d bibliography of subfamily: Shattuck,
1994: 3 .
Senior s y n o n y m of
A n o n y c h o m y r m i n i , Axinidrini, Leptomyrrmcini,
Liometopini, *Ktyomyrmecini, Tapmomini,
*Zherichiniini: Shattuck, 1992c: 5.
*Miomynnicini: Bolton, 1 9 9 4 : 2 6 .
I n d u d e d genera: Anillidris, Anonychomyrma,
*Asymphylomyrmex, Axinidris, Azteca, Bothriomyrmex,
Doleromyrma, Dolichoderus, Dorymyrmex, Ecphorella,
*Elaeomyrmex, *Eotapinoma, Forelius, Froggattella,
Iridomyrmex, *Kotshkorkia, Leptomyrmex,
*Leptomyrmula, Linepithema, Liometopum, Loweriella,
*Miomyrmex, Ochetellus, Papyrius, *Petraeomyrmex,
Philidris, *Pityomyrmex, *Protazteca, Tapinoma, Tech-
nomyrmex, Turneria, *Zherichinius.
Note. Material originally i n d u d e d u n d e r t h e unavail­
able n a m e s Prodolichoderinae a n d
Eudolichoderinae is referable to Dolichoderinae:
Bolton, 1994: 2 7 .
DORYLINAE (subfamily of F o r m i d d a e )
Dorylida Leach, 1 8 1 5 : 1 4 7 [as family-group n a m e ] .
Type-genus: Dorylus.
Dorylidae: Haliday, 1836: 331 [ e m e n d e d spelling of
suffix].
Dorylinae: Forel, 1893a: 163 [as subfamily of
Formiddae].
Dorylii: Forel, 1893a: 163; Emery, 1895J: 7 5 8 [as tribe
of Dorylinae].
Dorylini: Ashmead, 1905b: 381 [ e m e n d e d spelling of
suffix].
Dorylidae: Bernard, 1 9 5 1 : 1 0 4 6 [as family of
Formicoidea].
Dorylinae: B r o w n , 1954e: 2 8 [as subfamily of
Formicidae]; DIussky & Fedoseeva, 1 9 8 7 : 7 9 ; Bol­
t o n , 1990c: 1358; Baroni Urbani, Bolton & Ward,
1992:316.
Included genus: Dorylus.
Note. Material originally included u n d e r t h e unavail­
able n a m e Eudorylinae is referable t o Dorylinae:
Bolton, 1990c: 1358.
D ORYLOZELTNI (junior s y n o n y m of Ponerini)
Dorylozelini Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 6 4 6 [as tribe of
P o n e r i n a e ] . Type-genus: Dorylozelus (junior syn­
o n y m of Leptogenys).
J u n i o r s y n o n y m of Ponerini: Taylor, 1 9 6 9 : 1 3 2 .
DREPANOGNATFflNI (junior s y n o n y m of Ponerini)
Drepanogna1±rini A s h m e a d , 1905b: 382 [as tribe of
Pachycondylinae]. Type-genus: Drepanognathns
(junior s y n o n y m of Harpegnathos).
J u n i o r s y n o n y m of H a i p e g n a l i i n i : Emery, 191 I d : 5 8 .
J u n i o r s y n o n y m of Ponerini: Bolton, 1 9 9 4 : 1 6 4 .
ECITONINAE (subfamily of Formicidae)
Ecitonii Forel, 1893a: 163 [as tribe of Dorylinae]. Type-
g e n u s : Eaton.
Edtii: Emery, 1901a: 36 [ e m e n d e d s p e l l i n g ] .
E d t o n i n a e : Ashmead, 1905b: 381 [as subfamily of
Dorylidae].
E d t o n i n a e : B r o w n , 1973b: 166 [as subfamily of
F o r m i d d a e ] ; Bolton, 1990c: 1357; Baroni Urbani,
Bolton & Ward, 1992: 3 1 7 .
Revision of subfamily: Borgmeier, 1 9 5 5 : 1 5 ; Watkins,
1976: 1.
I n d u d e d tribes: CheHomyrmecini, E d t o n i n i .
ECrrONINI (tribe of E d t o n i n a e )
E d t o n i i Forel, 1893a: 163 [as tribe of Dorylinae]. Type-
g e n u s : Baton.
E d t o n i n i : A s h m e a d , 1905b: 381 [ e m e n d e d spelling of
suffix].
Edtini: Emery, 1910b: 15 [ e m e n d e d spelling, as tribe
of Dorylinae].
E d t o n i n i : Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 633 [as tribe of
Dorylinae].
E d t o n i n i : Bolton, 1990c: 1357 [as tribe of E d t o n i n a e ] .
Revision of tribe: Borgmeier, 1 9 5 5 : 7 7 .
I n d u d e d genera: Eaton, Labidus, Neivamyrmex,
Nomamyrmex.
Material originally i n d u d e d u n d e r t h e unavailable
n a m e Metadorylinae is referable in p a r t to
E d t o n i n i : Bolton, 1990c: 1357.
ECTATOMMINI (tribe of Ponerinae)
E d a t o m m i i Emery, 1895j: 767 [as tribe of P o n e r i n a e ] .
Type-genus: Edatomma.
E d a t o m m i n i : Ashmead, 1905b: 382 [ e m e n d e d spell­
ing of suffix].
Revision of tribe: B r o w n , 1958g: 175.
Phylogeny: Kugler, C. 1 9 9 1 : 1 5 3 (sting structure);
Lattke, 1994: 105.
Senior s y n o n y m of
Stictoponerini (type-genus i n d u d e d i n
E d a t o m m i n i b y B r o w n , 1958g: 2 1 1 , b u t n o t for­
mally synonymised): Bolton, 1 9 9 4 : 1 6 4 .
I n d u d e d genera: Acanthoponera, Aulacopone,
Ectatomma, *Eledroponera, Gnamptogenys,
Heteroponera, Rhytidoponera, *Syntaphus.
EPOPOSTRUMm (junior s y n o n y m of Dacetini)
Epopostrurniti B r o w n , 1952g: 10 (footnote); B r o w n ,
1954b: 4 6 5 (definition) [as subtribe of Dacetini].
Type-genus: Epopostruma.
J u n i o r s y n o n y m of Dacetini: Baroni Urbani & D e
Andrade, 1994: 9.
ERICAPELTTNI (junior s y n o n y m of Amblyoponini)
EricapeltiniKusnezov, 1 9 5 5 : 2 7 5 [as subtribe of
A m b l y o p o n i n i ] . Type-genus: Ericapelta (junior syn­
o n y m of Amblyopone).
J u n i o r s y n o n y m of Amblyoponini: Bolton, 1 9 9 4 : 1 6 4 .
EUCAMPONOTTNAE (unavailable n a m e )
E u c a m p o n o t i n a e Forel, 1912i: 8 8 [as "section" of
C a m p o n o t i n a e ] . Section designated t o i n d u d e
tribes Camponotini, Formicini, G e s o m y r m e d n i ,
Oecophyllini a n d PTenolepidini. Unavailable n a m e ,
n o t based o n g e n u s r a n k t a x o n . Contained material
referable to Forrmcinae: Bolton, 1994: 5 1 .
EUDOIICHODERINAE (unavailable n a m e )
Eudolichoderinae Forel, 1 9 1 7 : 2 4 7 [as "section" of
Dolichoderinae]. Section designated to i n d u d e tribe
Tapmomini. Unavailable n a m e , n o t based o n genus
r a n k t a x o n . Contained material referable t o
Dolichoderinae: Bolton, 1 9 9 4 : 2 7 .
EUDORYLINAE (unavailable n a m e )
*FORMICHNAE (subfamily of F o r m i d d a e )
Eudorylinae Forel, 1 9 1 7 : 2 3 9 [as "section" of
*Forrmciinae Lutz, 1 9 8 6 : 1 8 1 [as subfamily of
Dorylinae]. Section designated to i n d u d e tribe
Dorylini. Unavailable n a m e , n o t based o n g e n u s
r a n k t a x o n . Contained material referable to
Dorylinae: Bolton, 1990c: 1 3 5 8 .
EUFORMICINAE (unavailable n a m e )
Euformicinae Emery, 1925b: 37 [as "section" of
Formicinae]. Section designated to i n d u d e tribes
B r a c h y m y r m e d n i , Camponotini,
D i m o r p h o m y r m i d n i , Formicini, Gigantiopini,
Lasiini, Oecophyllini a n d Santschiellini. Unavailable
n a m e , n o t based o n g e n u s r a n k t a x o n . Contained
material referable t o Formicinae: Bolton, 1994: 5 1 .
EUMYRMICINAE (unavailable n a m e )
E u m y r m i d n a e Emery, 1914a: 35 [as "section" of
M y r m i c i n a e ] . Section designated to i n d u d e all
Myrmicinae except M e t a p o n i n i a n d
Pseudomvrmecini. Unavailable n a m e , n o t based o n
g e n u s r a n k t a x o n . Contained material referable t o
Myrmicinae: Bolton, 1 9 9 4 : 1 0 6 .
EUPONERTNAE (junior s y n o n y m of Ponerini)
E u p o n e r i n a e Emery, 1909c: 355 [as "group" of P o n ­
erinae]. Type-genus: Euponera (junior s y n o n y m of
Pachycondyla).
J u n i o r s y n o n y m of Ponerini: Bolton, 1 9 9 4 : 1 6 4 .
EUSPHMCTTNAE (junior s y n o n y m of Cerapachyini)
Eusphinctinae Clark, 1 9 5 1 : 1 5 (in key) [as subfamily
of F o r m i d d a e ] . Type-genus: Eusphinctus (junior syn­
o n y m of Sphindomyrmex).
J u n i o r s y n o n y m of Cerapachyini: Bolton, 1990a: 6 6 .
EXAMBLYOPONINI (junior s y n o n y m of
Amblyoponini)
E x a m b l y o p o n m i Donisthorpe, 1 9 4 9 g : 4 0 1 [as tribe of
P o n e r i n a e ] . Type-genus: Examblyopone (junior syn­
o n y m of Prionopelta).
J u n i o r s y n o n y m of Amblyoponini: B r o w n , 1 9 5 1 : 1 0 2 .
EXEUPONEPJNAE (unavailable n a m e )
E x e u p o n e r i n a e Donisthorpe, 1943d: 4 3 8 [as "section"
of P o n e r i n a e ] . Section designated to i n d u d e only
Pseudoneoponera (junior s y n o n y m of Pachycondyla).
Unavailable n a m e , n o t based o n genus r a n k t a x o n .
Contained material referable to Ponerini: Bolton,
1994: 164.
FORMICIDAE (family of superiarnily Vespoidea)
Formicariae Latreille, 1 8 0 9 : 1 2 4 [as family-group
n a m e ] . Type-genus: Formica.
F o r m i d d a e : Stephens, 1829: 356 [ e m e n d e d spelling of
suffix].
I n d u d e d subfamilies: Aenictinae, Aenirtogitoninae,
A n e u r e t i n a e , Apomynriinae, *Armaniinae,
Cerapachyinae, Dolichoderinae, Dorylinae,
E d t o n i n a e , Formicinae, *Forrnidinae,
Leptanillinae, Leptanilloidinae, Myrmeciinae,
Myrmicinae, Nothomyrmeciinae, *Pale-
o s m i n t h u r i n a e , Ponerinae, P s e u d o m y r m e c i n a e ,
*Sphecomyrminae.
Genera dubiously or p e r h a p s w r o n g l y placed in
F o r m i d d a e : *Calyptites, Condylodon, *Cretacoformica,
*Palaeomyrmex.
F o r m i d d a e ] . Type-genus: *Formicium.
I n d u d e d g e n u s : *Formicium.
FORMICINAE (subfamily of F o r m i d d a e )
Formicariae Latreille, 1 8 0 9 : 1 2 4 [as family-group
n a m e ] . Type-genus: Formica.
F o r m i d d a e : Mayr, 1865: 6 [as subfamily of
Formiddae].
Formicinae: Wheeler, W.M. 1920: 53 [as subfamily of
Formiddae].
F o r m i d d a e : Bernard, 1 9 5 1 : 1 0 7 3 [as family of
Formicoidea].
Formicinae: B r o w n , 1954e: 2 9 [as subfamily of
F o r m i d d a e ] ; DIussky & Fedoseeva, 1987: 77;
Shattuck, 1992b: 2 0 1 ; Baroni Urbani, Bolton &
Ward, 1992: 317; Agosti, 1994a: 9 5 .
Contribution towards revision of subfamily: Agosti,
1991:295.
I n d u d e d tribes: Brachymyrmecim,
Bregmatomyrmini, Camponotini, Formicini,
G e s o m y r m e d n i , Gigantiopini, Lasiini, Melophorini,
MyrmelacMstini, Myrmoteratini, Oecophyllini,
Plagiolepidini, SantscMellini, *SicUomyrmecini.
Formicinae g e n u s unplaced t o tribe: *lmhoffia.
Formicinae collective group n a m e : *Formiates.
Note. Material originally i n d u d e d u n d e r t h e unavail­
able n a m e s AUoformidnae, E u c a m p o n o t i n a e ,
Euformicinae, H e t e r o f o r m i d n a e a n d
M e s o c a m p o n o t i n a e is all referable to Formicinae:
Bolton, 1 9 9 4 : 5 1 .
Family-Group (Suprageneric) Taxa 11
FORMICINI (tribe of Formicinae)
Formicariae Latreille, 1 8 0 9 : 1 2 4 [as family-group
n a m e ] . Type-genus: Formica.
Formicii: Forel, 1893a: 165 [as tribe of
Camponotinae].
Fonnicim: Ashmead, 1905b: 3 8 4 [ e m e n d e d spelling of
suffix].
Formicini: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 6 9 3 [as tribe of
Formicinae].
Review of tribe: Agosti, 1990b: 2 9 5 .
Revision a n d phylogeny of tribe: Agosti, 1994a: 9 5 .
Included genera: Alloformica, Bajcaridris, Cataglyphis,
Formica, *Glaphyromyrmex, *Leucotaphus, Polyergus,
Proformica, *Protoformica, Rossomyrmex.
FORMICOXENINI (tribe of Myrmicinae)
Formicoxenii Forel, 1893a: 1 6 4 [as tribe of
Myrmicinae]. Type-genus: Formicoxenus.
Formicoxenini: Bolton, 1 9 9 4 : 1 0 5 [ e m e n d e d spelling].
Senior s y n o n y m of
Cardiocondylini, Leptomoracini, Podomyrmini,
Stereomyrrmtini: Bolton, 1 9 9 4 : 1 0 5 .
Included genera: Ankylomyrma, Atopomyrmex, Car-
diocondyla, Chalepoxenus, Dilobocondyla,
Doronomyrmex, Epimyrma, Formicoxenus,
Harpagoxenus, Ireneopone, Leptothorax, Paratopula, Per-
onomyrmex, Podomyrma, Poecilomyrma, Pro-
tomognathus, Romblonella, Rotastruma, Stereomyrmex,
Terataner, Vombisidris, Willowsiella.
Genera dubiously placed here: *Stigmomyrmex,
Tricytarus.
GESOMYRMECINI (tribe of Formicinae)
Gesomyrmicinae Ashmead, 1905b: 3 8 4 [as subfamily
of Formicidae], Type-genus: Gesomyrmex.
Gesomyrmicini: Ashmead, 1905b: 3 8 4 [as tribe of
Gesomyrmicinae].
G e s o m y r m e d n i : Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985:
2 5 8 [ e m e n d e d spelling].
Senior s y n o n y m of
Gesomyrrnini Forel: Bolton, 1994: 50.
D i m o r p h o m y r m i i : Wheeler, W.M. 1929a: 12.
Included genera: Gesomyrmex, *Prodimorphomyrmex.
GESOMYRMESfl (junior s y n o n y m of t h e above;
described as n e w i n d e p e n d e n t l y of Ashmead,
1905b)
Gesomyrrnini Forel, 1912i: 89 [as tribe of
C a m p o n o t i n a e ] . Type-genus: Gesomyrmex.
Gesomyrmicini: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 693 [emended
spelling of suffix].
J u n i o r s y n o n y m of G e s o m y r m e d n i Ashmead: Bolton,
1994: 50.
GIGANTIOPINI (tribe of Formicinae)
Gigantiopini Ashmead, 1905b: 3 8 4 [as tribe of
Gesomyrmicinae]. Type-genus: Gigantiops.
Gigantiopini: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 692 [as tribe of
Formicinae].
Included genus: Gigantiops.
HARPEGNATHU (junior s y n o n y m of Ponerini)
Harpegnathii Forel, 1900c: 63 [as tribe of P o n e r i n a e ] .
Type-genus: Harpegnathos.
Harpegnathini: Emery, 191 I d : 58 [ e m e n d e d spelling
of suffix; as subtribe of Ponerini].
12 Family-Group (Suprageneric) Taxa
Senior s y n o n y m of Drepanognathini: Emery, 1911 d:
58.
J u n i o r s y n o n y m of Ponerini: Bolton, 1994: 164.
HETEROFORMICINAE (unavailable n a m e )
Heteroformicinae Emery, 1925b: 35 [as "section" of
Formicinae]. S e d i o n designated to include tribes
M y r m e c o r h y n c h i n i a n d M y r m o t e r a t i m . Unavail­
able n a m e ; n o t based o n g e n u s r a n k taxon. Con­
tained material referable to Formicinae: Bolton,
1994: 5 1 .
*FIYPOPOMYRMICrTI (junior s y n o n y m of
Pheidologetonini)
* H y p o p o m y r m i d t i B r o w n , 1952g: 10 (footnote) [as
subtribe of Dacetini]. Type-spedes: *Hypopomyrmex.
J u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pheidologetonini: implied in
B r o w n & Carpenter, 1 9 7 9 : 4 2 2 [ s y n o n y m y n o t
directly stated b u t *Hypopomyrmex transferred to
that tribe].
LASIINI (tribe of Formicinae)
Lasiini Ashmead, 1905b: 3 8 4 [as tribe of Formicinae].
Type-genus: Lasius.
Senior s y n o n y m of
Acanthomyopsini: Bolton, 1994: 50.
Prenolepidii: Emery, 1925b: 212.
Included genera: Acanthomyops, Euprenolepis, Lasius,
Myrmecocystus, Paratrechina, Prenolepis, *Protrechina,
Pseudolasius, Teratomyrmex.
LEPTALEINAE (junior s y n o n y m of
Pseudomyrmecinae)
Leptaleinae Smith, M.R. 1951a: 7 8 8 [as subfamily of
Formicidae]. Type-spedes: Leptalea (junior syn­
o n y m of Pseudomyrmex).
Junior s y n o n y m of P s e u d o m y r m e c i n a e : Smith, M.R.
1958c: 112.
LEPTANILLINAE (subfamily of Formiddae)
Leptanillini Emery, 1910b: 32 [as tribe of Dorylinae].
Type-genus: Leptanilla.
Leptanillinae: Wheeler, W.M. 1923f: 335 [as subfamily
of F o r m i d d a e ] .
Leptanillidae: Bernard, 1 9 5 1 : 1 0 5 3 [as family of
Formicoidea].
Leptanillinae: B r o w n , 1954e: 2 8 [as subfamily of
F o r m i d d a e ] ; Baroni Urbani, Bolton & Ward, 1992:
317;Kugler, C. 1992: 1 0 3 .
Revision of tribes: Bolton, 1990b: 2 6 7 .
Included tribes: A n o m a l o m y r m i n i , Leptanillini.
LEPTANILLINI (tribe of Leptanillinae)
Leptanillini Emery, 1910b: 32 [as tribe of Dorylinae].
Type-genus: Leptanilla.
Leptanillini: Wheeler, W.M. 1923f: 335 [as tribe of
Leptanillinae].
Leptanillini: Bolton, 1990b: 2 7 6 [as tribe of
Leptanillinae].
Revision of tribe: Petersen, 1968: 577; Baroni Urbani,
1977c: 4 2 7 .
Included genera: Leptanilla, Noonilla, Phaulomyrma,
Scyphodon, Yavnella.
Material originally i n d u d e d u n d e r t h e unavailable
n a m e Metadorylinae is referable in part to
LeplxUiillini: Bolton, 1994: 70.
LEPTANUXOIDINAE (subfamily of Formicidae)
Leptanilloidinae Bolton, in Baroni Urbani, Bolton &
Ward, 1992: 317. Type-genus: Leptanilloides.
I n d u d e d g e n u s : Leptanilloides.
LEPTOGENYSU (junior s y n o n y m of Ponerini)
Leptogenysii Forel, 1893a: 162 [as tribe of Ponerini].
Type-genus: Leptogenys.
Leptogenyi: Emery, 1895J: 7 6 1 ; Emery, 1901a: 36
[ e m e n d e d spelling].
Leptogenyini: Ashmead, 1905b: 382 [ e m e n d e d spell­
ing of suffix].
J u n i o r s y n o n y m of Ponerini: B r o w n , 1963: 3.
LEPTOMYRMICTNI (junior s y n o n y m of
Dolichoderinae)
Leptomyrrmcini Emery, 1912g: 15 [as tribe of
Dolichoderinae]. Type-genus: Leptomyrmex.
Leptomyrmecini: Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985:
258 [ e m e n d e d spelling].
J u n i o r s y n o n y m of Dolichoderinae: Shattuck, 1992c:
5.
LEPTOTHORACINI (junior s y n o n y m of
Formicoxenini)
Leptothoracini Emery, 1914a: 38 [as tribe of
M y r m i c i n a e ] . Type-genus: Leptothorax.
Senior s y n o n y m of Cardiocondylini: Bolton, 1982:
311.
J u n i o r s y n o n y m of Formicoxenini: Bolton, 1 9 9 4 : 1 0 5 .
LIOMETOPINT (junior s y n o n y m of Dolichoderinae)
Liometopini DIussky & Fedoseeva, 1 9 8 7 : 7 7 [as tribe
of Dolichoderinae]. Type-genus: Liometopum.
J u n i o r s y n o n y m of Dolichoderinae: Shattuck, 1992c:
5.
LIOPONERTNI (junior s y n o n y m of Cerapachyini)
Lioponerini Ashmead, 1905b: 382 [as tribe of
Pachycondylinae]. Type-genus: Lioponera (junior
s y n o n y m of Cerapachys).
J u n i o r s y n o n y m of Cerapachyini: Bolton, 1994: 19.
LOPHOMYRMICINI (junior s y n o n y m of Pheidolini)
Lophomynnicirii Emery, 1914a: 41 [as subtribe of
Pheidologetonini]. Type-genus: Lophomyrmex.
J u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pheidologetonini: Bolton, 1994:
106.
Junior s y n o n y m of Pheidolini (implied b y Rigato,
1994: 5 1 , b u t n o t stated): n e w s y n o n y m y .
MEGALOMYRMECrNI (junior s y n o n y m of
Solenopsidini)
M e g a l o m y r m e d n i DIussky & Fedoseeva; 1987: 80 [as
tribe of Myrmicinae]. Type-genus: Megalomyrmex.
J u n i o r s y n o n y m of Solenopsidini: Bolton, 1 9 9 4 : 1 0 6 .
MELISSOTARSINI (tribe of Myrmicinae)
Melissotarsii Emery, 1901a: 36 [as tribe of P o n e r i n a e ] .
Type-genus: Melissotarsus.
Melissotarsini: Ashmead, 1905b: 383 [emended spell­
ing of suffix].
Melissotarsini: Forel, 191 l h : 4 4 6 [as tribe of
Myrmicinae].
I n d u d e d genera: Melissotarsus, Rhopalomastix.
MELOPHORINI (tribe of Formicinae)
Melophorini Forel, 1912i: 8 8 [as tribe of
C a m p o n o t i n a e ] . Type-genus: Melophorus.
Melophoririi: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 692 [as tribe of
Formicinae].
Review of tribe: B r o w n , 1955d: 4 7 1 .
Senior s y n o n y m of M y r m e c o r h y n d u n i : Wheeler,
W.M. 1935c: 69.
Included genera: Lasiophanes, Melophorus,
Myrmecorhynchus, Notorious, Prolasius, Pseudonotoncus.
MERANOPLINI (tribe of Myrmicinae)
Meranoplini Emery, 1914a: 37 [as tribe of
Myrmicinae]. Type-genus: Meranoplus.
Review of tribe: Bolton, 1981a: 4 5 .
Included genera: Meranoplus, *Parameranoplus.
MESOCAMPONOTTNAE (unavailable n a m e )
M e s o c a m p o n o t i n a e Forel, 1912i: 8 8 [as "section" of
C a m p o n o t i n a e ] . Section designated to include
tribes Melophorini a n d Plagiolepidini. Unavailable
n a m e ; n o t based o n genus r a n k t a x o n . Contained
material referable to Formicinae: Bolton, 1994: 5 1 .
METADORYLINAE (unavailable n a m e )
Metadorylinae Forel, 1917: 2 4 0 [as "section" of
Dorylinae]. Section designated to include tribes
E d t o n i n i a n d Leptanillini. Unavailable n a m e ; n o t
based o n genus r a n k t a x o n . Contained material ref­
erable to E d t o n i n a e a n d Leptanillinae: Bolton,
1990c: 1357; Bolton, 1994: 7 0 .
METAPONINI (tribe of Myrrmcinae)
M e t a p o n i n i Forel, 191 l h : 4 4 7 [as tribe of
Myrmicinae]. Type-genus:Metapone..
Included genera: Liomyrmex, Metapone, Vollenhovia.
Genus dubiously placed h e r e : Xenomyrmex.
Note. Material originally referred to t h e unavailable
n a m e P r o m y r m i d n a e is referable to Metaponini:
Bolton, 1994: 106.
*MIOMYRMICINI (junior s y n o n y m of Dolichoderinae)
* M i o m y r m i d n i Carpenter, 1930: 51 [as tribe of
Dolichoderinae]. Type-genus: *Miomyrmex.
J u n i o r s y n o n y m of Dolichoderinae: Bolton, 1 9 9 4 : 2 6 .
MONOMORIINI (junior s y n o n y m of Solenopsidini)
M o n o m o r i i n i Emery, 1914a: 4 1 [as subtribe of
Solenopsidini]. Type-genus: Monomorium.
M o n o m o r i i n i : DIussky & Fedoseeva, 1987: 80 [as tribe
of Myrmicinae].
J u n i o r s y n o n y m of Solenopsidini: Bolton, 1 9 9 4 : 1 0 6 .
MONOMORIINI (junior h o m o n y m a n d s y n o n y m of
t h e above; j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Solenopsidini,
described i n d e p e n d e n d y of Emery, 1914a)
M o n o m o r i i n i Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 4 5 [as tribe of
M y r m i c i n a e ] . Type-genus: Monomorium.
J u n i o r s y n o n y m of Solenopsidini: n e w s y n o n y m y .
MYCETOMYRMICINAE (unavailable n a m e )
Mycetomyrmicinae Forel, 1917: 2 4 6 [as "section" of
Myrmicinae]. Section designated to i n d u d e tribes
Attini a n d Proattini. Unavailable n a m e ; n o t based
o n genus r a n k t a x o n . Contained material referable
to Myrmicinae: Bolton, 1 9 9 4 : 1 0 6 .
MYRMECIINAE (subfamily of F o r m i d d a e )
Myrmeciidae Emery, 1877a: 71 [as "group" of
M y r m i d d a e ] . Type-genus: Myrmecia.
M y r m e d i : Forel, 1893a: 162; Emery, 1895j: 7 6 6 [as
tribe of P o n e r i n a e ] .
Myrmeciinae: Ashmead, 1905b: 382 [as subfamily of
Poneridae].
Myrmeciinae: Clark, 1 9 5 1 : 1 6 (in key) [as subfamily
of F o r m i d d a e ] .
Included tribes: Myrmeciini, *Prionomyrmecini.
Myrmeciinae genera unplaced to tribe: *Ameghinoia
a n d *Cariridris.
MYRMECITNI (tribe of Myrmeciinae)
Myrmeciidae Emery, 1877a: 71 [as "group" of
M y r m i d d a e ] . Type-genus: Myrmecia.
M y r m e d i : Forel, 1893a: 162 [as tribe of P o n e r i n a e ] .
Myrmeciini: Emery, 191 I d : 17 [ e m e n d e d spelling of
suffix].
Mynneciini: B r o w n , 1954e: 2 3 [as tribe of
Myrmeciinae].
Revisions: Clark, 1 9 5 1 : 1 6 ; B r o w n , 1953j: 1; Ogata,
1991: 353; Ogata & Taylor, 1 9 9 1 : 1 6 2 3 .
I n d u d e d genus: Myrmecia.
Note. Material originally i n d u d e d u n d e r t h e unavail­
able n a m e Paleoponerinae is referable to
Myrmeciini: Bolton, 1994: 7 3 .
MYRMECININI (tribe of Myrmicinae)
Myrmecinini A s h m e a d , 1905b: 3 8 3 [as tribe of
M y r m i c i n a e ] . Type-genus: Myrmecina.
Senior s y n o n y m of Archaeomyrmicini: B r o w n ,
1971a: 2.
I n d u d e d genera: Acanthomyrmex, Myrmecina, Peri-
ssomyrmex, Pristomyrmex.
Genera dubiously placed h e r e : *Enneamerus,
*Stiphromyrmex.
MYRMECORHYNCHTNI (junior s y n o n y m of
Melophorini)
M y r m o r h y n c h i n i (sic) Wheeler, W.M. 1917f: 19 [as
tribe of C a m p o n o t i n a e ] . Type-genus:
Myrmecorhynchus.
M y r m e c o r h y n c h i n i : Emery, 1925b: 35 [ e m e n d e d
spelling; as tribe of Formicinae].
J u n i o r s y n o n y m of Melophorini: Wheeler, W.M.
1935c: 69.
MYRMELACHISTINI (tribe of Formicinae)
MyrmelacMstini Forel, 1912i: 89 [as tribe of
C a m p o n o t i n a e ] . Type-genus: Myrmelachista.
MyrmelacMstini: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 6 9 3 [as tribe
of Formicinae].
Included genus: Myrmelachista.
MYRMICARUNI (tribe of Myrmicinae)
Myrmicarii Forel, 1893a: 165 [as tribe of
M y r m i c i n a e ] . Type-genus: Myrmicaria.
Mynmcariini: Ashmead, 1905b: 383 [ e m e n d e d spell­
ing of suffix].
Included g e n u s : Myrmicaria.
MYRMICINAE (subfamily of F o r m i d d a e )
M y r m i d t e s Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau, 1 8 3 5 : 1 6 9
[family-group n a m e ] . Type-genus: Myrmica.
M y r m i d d a e : Smith, F. 1 8 5 1 : 4 [ e m e n d e d spelling].
M y r m i d d a e : Mayr, 1862: 7 3 8 [as subfamily of
Formiddae].
Myrmicinae: Forel, 1893a: 163 [ e m e n d e d spelling of
suffix].
M y r m i d d a e : Bernard, 1 9 5 1 : 1058 [as family of
Formicoidea].
Myrmicinae: B r o w n , 1954e: 2 8 [as subfamily of
F o r m i d d a e ] ; DIussky & Fedoseeva, 1987: 79;
Baroni Urbani, Bolton & Ward, 1992: 3 1 7 .
Included tribes: Agroecomyrmecini, Attini,
Basicerotini, Blepharidattini, Cataulacini,
Cephalotini, Crematogastrini, Dacetini,
Formicoxenini, MeKssotarsini, Meranoplini,
Metaponini, Myimecinini, Myrrnicariini,
Myrrnicini, Ochetomyrmecini, P h a l a c r o m y r m e d n i ,
Pheidolini, Pheidologetonini, Solenopsidini,
Stegomyrmecini, Stenammini, Tetramoriini.
Genera of Myrmicinae unplaced to tribe:
*Archimyrmex, *Attopsis, *Cephalomyrmex, *Elec-
tromyrmex, *Eocenidris, *Eoformica, *Eomyrmex,
*Myrmicium, *Promyrmicium.
Note. Material originally i n d u d e d u n d e r t h e unavail­
able n a m e s E u m y r m i d n a e , Mycetomyrmicinae a n d
PJiagiomyrmicinae is all referable to Myrmicinae:
Bolton, 1994: 106.
MYRMICINI (tribe of Myrrmcinae)
M y r m i d t e s Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau, 1 8 3 5 : 1 6 9
[family-group n a m e ] . Type-genus: Myrmica.
M y r m i d i : Forel, 1893a: 163 [as tribe of Myrmicinae].
Myrrriicini: A s h m e a d , 1905b: 3 8 3 [ e m e n d e d spelling
of suffix].
I n d u d e d genera: Eutetramorium, Hylomyrma, Manica,
Myrmica, Pogonomyrmex.
Genus dubiously placed h e r e : *Nothomyrmica.
MYRMOTERATTNI (tribe of Formicinae)
Myrmoteratii Emery, 1895j: 772 [as tribe of
C a m p o n o t i n a e ] . Type-genus: Myrmoteras.
Myrmoteratini: Ashmead, 1905b: 3 8 4 [ e m e n d e d spell­
ing of suffix; as tribe of Gesomyrmicinae].
Myrmoteratini: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 692 [as tribe of
Formicinae].
Senior s y n o n y m of Myrmoteratini Forel: n e w s y n o n ­
ymy.
Revision of tribe: Moffett, 1985b: 1.
Included g e n u s : Myrmoteras.
Note. Material originally i n d u d e d u n d e r t h e unavail­
able n a m e P r o c a m p o n o t i n a e is referable to
Myrmoteratini: Bolton, 1994: 5 1 .
MYRMOTERATINI (junior h o m o n y m a n d s y n o n y m
of t h e above; described as n e w i n d e p e n d e n t l y of
Emery, 1895j)
Myrmoteratini Forel, 19121: 88 [as tribe of
C a m p o n o t i n a e ] . Type-genus: Myrmoteras.
J u n i o r s y n o n y m of Myrmoteratini Emery: n e w s y n ­
onymy.
NOTHOMYRMECUNAE (subfamily of F o r m i d d a e )
N o t h o m y r m e d i n a e Clark, 1 9 5 1 : 1 6 (in key) [as sub­
family of F o r m i d d a e ] . Type-genus: Nothomyrmecia.
Nothomyrmeciini: B r o w n , 1953j: 1 [as tribe of
Myrmeciinae].
Nothomyrmeciinae: Taylor, 1978a: 982 [as subfamily
of F o r m i d d a e ] .
Nothomyrmeciini: Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985:
256 [as tribe of Myrmeciinae].
N o t h o m y r m e c i i n a e : Taylor & B r o w n , D.R. 1985: 5;
DIussky & Fedoseeva, 1987: 78; Bolton, 1990c:
1362; Holldobler & Wilson, 1 9 9 0 : 1 1 ; Baroni
Urbani, Bolton & Ward, 1992: 317 [as subfamily of
Formiddae].
Family-Group (Suprageneric) Taxa 13
NOTHOMYRMECIINAE (continued)
Revision of subfamily: Taylor, 1978a: 9 7 9 .
Included g e n u s : Nothomyrmetia.
OCHETOMYRMECINI (tribe of Myrmicinae)
Ochetomyrmicim Emery, 1914a: 38 [as tribe of
M y r m i c i n a e ] . Type-genus: Ochetomyrmex.
Ochetomyrmecini: Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985:
257 [ e m e n d e d spelling].
Review of tribe: Bolton, 1 9 8 7 : 2 6 6 .
Included genera: Ochetomyrmex, Tranopelta.
OCYMYRMICINI (junior s y n o n y m of Pheidolini)
Ocymyrmicini Emery, 1914a: 38 [as tribe of
M y r m i c i n a e ] . Type-genus: Ocymyrmex.
Ocymyrmecini: Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985:
257 [ e m e n d e d s p e l l i n g ] .
J u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pheidolini: Bolton & Marsh, 1989:
1281.
ODONTOMACHEDAE (junior s y n o n y m of Ponerini)
O d o n t o m a c h i d a e Mayr, 1862: 7 0 8 [as subfamily of
Formicidae]. Type-genus: Odontomachus.
Odontomachii: Forel, 1893a: 163; Emery, 1895J: 7 6 8
[as tribe of P o n e r i n a e ] .
Odontomachidae: Ashmead, 1905b: 382 [as family].
O d o n t o m a d t i n i : Emery, 1 9 l i d : 106 [ e m e n d e d s p e l l ­
ing of suffix; as tribe of P o n e r i n a e ] .
O d o n t o m a c h i n a e : Clark, 1951: 15 (in key) [as subfam­
ily of Formicidae].
Odontomachiti: B r o w n , 1976a: 71 [as subtribe of Pon­
erini], a n d revision of subtribe.
Odontomachini: Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985:
256; DIussky & Fedoseeva, 1987: 78; Holldobler &
Wilson, 1 9 9 0 : 1 1 [as tribe of P o n e r i n a e ] .
J u n i o r s y n o n y m of Ponerini: Bolton, 1994: 164.
OECOPHYLLINI (tribe of Formicinae)
Oecophyllii Emery, 1895J: 772 [as tribe of
C a m p o n o t i n a e ] . Type-genus: Oecophylla.
Oecophyllini: Ashmead, 1905b: 3 8 4 [ e m e n d e d spell­
ing of suffix].
Oecophyllini: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 693 [as tribe of
FonTucinae].
Senior s y n o n y m of Oecophyllini Forel: n e w s y n o n ­
ymy.
Included g e n u s : Oecophylla.
OECOPECYLLINI (junior h o m o n y m a n d s y n o n y m of
t h e above; described as n e w i n d e p e n d e n t l y of
Emery, 1895J)
Oecophyllini Forel, 1912i: 89 [as tribe of
C a m p o n o t i n a e ] . Type-genus: Oecophylla.
J u n i o r s y n o n y m of Oecophyllini Emery: n e w s y n o n ­
ymy.
ONYCHOMYRMICINI (junior s y n o n y m of
Amblyoponini)
Onychomyrmicini A s h m e a d , 1905b: 382 [as tribe of
P o n e r i n a e ] . Type-genus: Onychomyrmex.
Onychomyrrmcim: Emery, 191 I d : 96 [as subtribe of
Ponerini].
J u n i o r s y n o n y m of Amblyoponini: Bolton, 1 9 9 4 : 1 6 4 .
ORECTOGNATHITT (junior s y n o n y m of Dacetini)
Orettognathiti B r o w n , 1952g: 10 (footnote); B r o w n ,
1954b: 4 6 5 (definition) [as subtribe of Dacetini].
Type-genus: Orectognathus.
14 Family-Group (Suprageneric) Taxa
J u n i o r s y n o n y m of Dacetini: Baroni Urbani & De Pheidologetonini: Bolton, 1992: 38 [ e m e n d e d spell­
A n d r a d e , 1994: 9. ing-]
PACHYCONDYLINAE (junior s y n o n y m of Ponerini) Review of tribe: Ettershank, 1966: 115.
Pachycondylinae A s h m e a d , 1905b: 382 [as subfamily Senior s y n o n y m of *Hypopomyrmiciti: B r o w n & Car­
of P o n e r i d a e ] . Type-genus: Pachycondyla. penter, 1 9 7 9 : 4 2 2 (by implication).
Included genera: Adlerzia, Afroxyidris, Anisopheidole,
Pachycondylini: Emery, 1911d: 59 [as subtribe of Pon­
Carebara, *Hypopomyrmex, Machomyrma,
erini],
Oligomyrmex, *Oxyidris, Paedalgus, Pheidologeton.
J u n i o r s y n o n y m of Ponerini: Bolton, 1 9 9 4 : 1 6 4 .
Genus dubiously placed h e r e : Recurvidris.
PALEOPONERINAE (unavailable n a m e )
*PITYOMYRMECLNI (junior s y n o n y m of
Paleoponerinae Forel, 1917: 231 [as "section" of Pon­
Dolichoderinae)
erinae]. Section designated to include tribe
*Pityomyrmecini Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 98 [as tribe of
Myrmeciini. Unavailable n a m e ; n o t based o n g e n u s
Dolichoderinae]. Type-genus: *Pityomyrmex.
r a n k t a x o n . Contained material referable to
J u n i o r s y n o n y m of Dolichoderinae: Shattuck, 1992c:
Myrmeciini: Bolton, 1994: 7 3 .
5.
*PAXEOSMINTHURINAE (subfamily of Formicidae)
PLAGIOLEPIDINI (tribe of Formicinae)
*Paleosminthuridae Pierce & Gibron, 1 9 6 2 : 1 4 6 [as
Plagiolepisii Forel, 1886f: 2 1 2 [as tribe of
family of Collembola]. Type-genus: *Paleosminthurus.
C a m p o n o t i n a e ] . Type-genus: Plagiolepis.
*Paleosminthuridae: Najt, 1 9 8 7 : 1 5 2 [transferred to
Plagiolepidii: Emery, 1893i: 635 [ e m e n d e d spelling].
Formicidae (incertaesedis)].
Plagiolepidini: Ashmead, 1905b: 3 8 4 [ e m e n d e d spell­
*Paleosminthurinae: Bolton, 1994: 187 [as subfamily of
ing of suffix].
Formicidae].
Plagiolepidini: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 6 9 3 [as tribe of
PARAPONERINI (tribe of Ponerinae) Formicinae].
Paraponerii Emery, 1901a: 36 [as tribe of P o n e r i n a e ] . Included genera: Acropyga, Agraulomyrmex, Anoplolepis,
Type-genus: Paraponera. Lepisiota, Plagiolepis, *Rhopalomyrmex, Stigmacros.
Paraponerini: Emery, 191 I d : 27 [ e m e n d e d spelling of
PLATYTHYREINI (tribe of Ponerinae)
suffix].
Platythyrei Emery, 1901a: 36 [as tribe of P o n e r i n a e ] .
J u n i o r s y n o n y m of Ectatommini: B r o w n , 1958g: 176;
Type-genus: Platythyrea.
Bolton, 1 9 9 4 : 1 6 4 .
Platythyreini: Emery, 191 I d : 2 8 [ e m e n d e d spelling of
Tribe of P o n e r i n a e : Lattke, 1 9 9 4 : 1 1 1 .
suffix].
Included g e n u s : Paraponera.
Revision of tribe: B r o w n , 1 9 7 5 : 4 .
PHALACROMYRMECINI (tribe of Myrmicinae) Included genera: Platythyrea, Probolomyrmex.
Phalacromyrmecini Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985:
PLECTROCTENTNI (junior s y n o n y m of Ponerini)
2 5 8 [as tribe of M y r m i c i n a e ] . Type-genus:
PleCTrortenini Emery, 191 I d : 92 [as subtribe of Pon­
Phalacromyrmex.
erini]. Type-genus: Plectroctena.
Revision of tribe: Bolton, 1984: 3 7 3 .
J u n i o r s y n o n y m of Ponerini: Bolton, 1994: 164.
J u n i o r s y n o n y m of Dacetini: Baroni Urbani & De
Andrade, 1994:10. PODOMYRMINI (junior s y n o n y m of Formicoxenini)
Phalacromyrmecini revived from s y n o n y m y : r e v i v e d P o d o m y r m i n i Emery, 1922f: 2 3 6 [as subtribe of
status. M y r m e c m i n i ] . Type-genus: Podomyrma.
Included genera: Ishakidris, Phalacromyrmex, Pilotrochus. Podomyrmini: DIussky & Fedoseeva, 1987: 79 [as
tribe of Myrmicinae].
PHEIDOLINI (tribe of Myrmicinae)
J u n i o r s y n o n y m of Formicoxenini: Bolton, 1 9 9 4 : 1 0 5 .
Pheidolidae Emery, 1877a: 72 [as "group" of
Myrmicidae]. Type-genus: Pheidole. POLYRHACHLDINI (junior s y n o n y m of Camponotini)
Pheidolii: Forel, 1893a: 165 [as tribe of M y r m i c i n a e ] . Polyrhachidini Ashmead, 1905b: 3 8 4 [as tribe of
Pheidolini: Emery, 1914a: 35 [ e m e n d e d spelling of C a m p o n o t i n a e ] . Type-genus: Polyrhachis.
suffix]. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of Camponotini: Bolton, 1994: 50.
Senior s y n o n y m of
PONERINAE (subfamily of Formicidae)
Anergatidini: Bolton, 1994: 106.
Ponerites Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau, 1835: 185
Aphaenogastrini: B r o w n , 1949a: 4 8 .
[family-group n a m e ] . Type-genus: Ponera.
Lophomyrrmcini: implied b y Rigato, 1994a: 51 b u t
Poneridae: Smith, F. 1851: 6 [ e m e n d e d spelling of
n o t stated; n e w s y n o n y m y .
suffix].
Ocymyrmicini: Bolton & Marsh, 1989: 1 2 8 1 .
Poneridae: Mayr, 1862: 6 4 [as subfamily of
Included genera: Aphaenogaster, Chimaeridris,
Formicidae].
Goniomma, Huberia, Kartidris, Lophomyrmex, Messor,
Ponerinae: Forel, 1893a: 162 [ e m e n d e d spelling of
Ocymyrmex, Oxyopomyrmex, *Paraphaenogaster,
suffix].
Pheidole.
Poneridae: Bernard, 1 9 5 1 : 1 0 4 2 [as family of
Genus dubiously placed h e r e : *Lonchomyrmex.
Formicoidea].
PHEIDOLOGETONINI (tribe of Myrmicinae) Ponerinae: B r o w n , 1954e: 2 4 [as subfamily of
Pheidologetim Emery, 1914a: 38 [as tribe of Formicidae]; DIussky & Fedoseeva, 1 9 8 7 : 7 8 ;
M y r m i c i n a e ] . Type-genus: Pheidologeton. Baroni Urbani, B o l t o n & W a r d , 1992: 317.
 Included tribes: Amblyoponini, E d a t o m m i n i ,
Paraponerini, Platymyreini, Ponerini, Proceratiini,
Thaumatomyrmecini, TypUomvrmedni.
Note. Material originally i n d u d e d u n d e r t h e unavail­
able n a m e s P r o p o n e r i n a e a n d Taraxoponerinae is
referable to Ponerinae: Bolton, 1 9 9 4 : 1 6 4 .
PONERINI (tribe of Ponerinae)
Ponerites Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau, 1 8 3 5 : 1 8 5 [fam­
ily-group n a m e ] . Type-genus: Ponera.
Ponerii: Forel, 1893a: 163; Emery, 1895j: 7 6 7 [as tribe
of P o n e r i n a e ] .
Ponerini: Ashmead, 1905b: 382 [ e m e n d e d spelling of
suffix].
Senior s y n o n y m of
Centtomyrmicini: B r o w n , 1953c: 9.
Dorylozelini: Taylor, 1 9 6 9 : 1 3 2 .
Leptogenysii: B r o w n , 1963: 3.
*Archiponerini, Drepsmognathini, E u p o n e r i n a e ,
Harpegnathii, O d o n t o m a c h i d a e ,
Pachycondylinae, P l e d r o d e n i n i : Bolton, 1994:
164.
I n d u d e d genera: Anochetus, *Archiponera,
Asphindopone, Belonopelta, Centromyrmex, Cryptopone,
Diacamma, Dinoponera, Dolioponera, Emeryopone,
*Emplastus, Harpegnathos, Hypoponera, leptogenys.
Myopias, Odontomachus, Odontoponera, Pachycondyla,
Phrynoponera, Plectroctena, Ponera, *Ponerites, *Pon-
eropsis, *Protopone, Psalidomyrmex, Simopelta,
Streblognathus.
Note. Material originally i n d u d e d u n d e r t h e unavail­
able n a m e E x e u p o n e r i n a e is referable to Ponerini:
Bolton, 1994: 164.
PRENOLEPLOII (junior s y n o n y m of Lasiini)
Prenolepidii Forel, 19121:89 [as tribe of
C a m p o n o t i n a e ] . Type-genus: Prenolepis.
Prenolepidini: Emery, 1916b: 2 3 7 [ e m e n d e d spelling
of suffix].
PTenolepidini: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 692 [as tribe of
Formidnae].
J u n i o r s y n o n y m of Lasiini: Emery, 1925b: 2 1 2 .
*PRIONOMYRMECINI (tribe of Mvrmeciinae)
*Prionomyrmicini Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 2 5 [as tribe of
P o n e r i n a e ] . Type-genus: *Prionomyrmex.
*Prionomyrmicini: B r o w n , 1954e: 22 [as tribe of
Myrmeciinae].
* P r i o n o m y r m e d n i : Bolton, 1994; 7 3 [ e m e n d e d spell­
ing].
I n d u d e d g e n u s : *Prionomyrmex.
PROATTTNI (junior s y n o n y m of Stenammini)
Proattini Forel, 1 9 1 7 : 2 3 2 [as tribe of Myrmicinae].
Type-genus: Proatta.
Review of tribe: Moffett, 1 9 8 7 : 4 4 4 .
J u n i o r s y n o n y m of Stenammini: Bolton, 1 9 9 4 : 1 0 6 .
PROCAMPONOTTNAE (unavailable n a m e )
P r o c a m p o n o t i n a e Forel, 1912i: 88 [as "section" of
C a m p o n o t i n a e ] . Section designated to include tribe
Myrmoteratini. Unavailable n a m e ; n o t based o n
genus r a n k t a x o n . Contained material referable to
M y n n o t e r a t i n i : Bolton, 1994: 5 1 .
PROCERATIINI (tribe of Ponerinae)
Proceratii Emery, 1895j: 7 6 5 [as tribe of Dorylinae].
Type-genus: Proceratium.
Proceratii: Emery, 1901a: 36 [as tribe of P o n e r i n a e ] .
Proceratiini: Ashmead, 1905b: 382 [ e m e n d e d spelling
of suffix].
J u n i o r s y n o n y m of E d a t o m m i n i : B r o w n , 1958g: 176;
DIussky & Fedoseeva, 1987: 78; Holldobler & Wil­
son, 1990: 10; Bolton, 1994: 164.
Proceratiini: Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985: 2 5 6 ;
Lattke, 1 9 9 4 : 1 1 2 [as tribe of P o n e r i n a e ] .
Senior s y n o n y m of Discothyrinae: Lattke, 1 9 9 4 : 1 1 2
(implied b u t n o t stated).
I n d u d e d genera: Discothyea, *Bradoponera, Proceratium.
PRODOLICHODERINAE (unavailable n a m e )
Prodolichoderinae Forel, 1 9 1 7 : 2 4 7 [as "section" of
Dolichoderinae]. Section designated to i n d u d e
tribes Aneuretini, DoMchoderini a n d
Leptomyrmicini. Unavailable n a m e ; n o t based o n
g e n u s r a n k taxon. Contained material referable to
A n e u r e t i n a e a n d Dolichoderinae: Bolton, 1 9 9 4 : 1 5 ,
27.
PRODORYLTNAE (unavailable n a m e )
Prodorylinae Emery, 1909c: 355 [as " g r o u p " of Pon­
erinae]. Group designated to i n d u d e tribe
Cerapadiyini. Unavailable n a m e ; n o t based o n
genus r a n k t a x o n . Contained material referable to
Cerapachyinae: Bolton, 1990a: 66.
PROMYRMICLNAE (unavailable n a m e )
Promyrmicinae Forel, 1911h: 4 4 6 [as "section" of P o n ­
erinae] . Section designated to i n d u d e tribe
M e t a p o n i n i . Unavailable n a m e ; n o t based o n genus
r a n k t a x o n . Contained material referable to
Metaponini: Bolton, 1 9 9 4 : 1 0 6 .
PTomyrmicinae: Forel, 1 9 1 7 : 2 4 0 [ i n c o r r e d expansion
of t h e above unavailable n a m e to i n d u d e tribes
M e t a p o n i n i a n d P s e u d o m y m r i n i ] . Unavailable
name.
P r o m y r m i d d a e : Bernard, 1951: 1053 [incorrectly
treated as family, i n d u d i n g only tribe
P s e u d o m y r m i n i ] . Unavailable n a m e .
PROPONERINAE (unavailable n a m e )
P r o p o n e r i n a e Emery, 1909c: 355 [as "group" of Pon­
erinae]. Group designated to i n d u d e tribes
Amblyoponini a n d Proceratiini. Unavailable n a m e ;
n o t based o n g e n u s r a n k t a x o n . Contained material
referable to Ponerinae: Bolton, 1994: 164.
PSEUDOMYRMECINAE (subfamily of F o r m i d d a e )
P s e u d o m y r m e c i n a e Smith, M.R. 1952a: 98 [as s u b ­
family of F o r m i d d a e ] . Type-genus: Pseudomyrmex.
Senior s y n o n y m of
Leptaleinae: Smith, M.R. 1958c: 112.
Pseudomyrroidae: Ward, 1990: 4 5 9 .
Revision of subfamily: Ward, 1 9 9 0 : 4 4 9 .
I n d u d e d genera: Myrcidris, Pseudomyrmex, Tetraponera.
PSEUDOMYRMLDAE (junior s y n o n y m of
Pseudomyrmecinae)
P s e u d o m y r m i d a e Forel, 1885a: 377 [as tribe of
M y r m i c i n a e ] . Type-genus: Pseudomyrma (junior syn­
o n y m of Pseudomyrmex).
Pseudomyrmii: Forel, 1893a: 164 [ e m e n d e d s p e l l i n g ] .
Pseudomyrrninae: Emery, 1899c: 8 [as subfamily of
Formiddae].
Pseudomyrmini: Emery, 1914a: 34; Forel, 1 9 1 7 : 2 4 0
[as tribe of M y r m i c i n a e ] .
Pseudomyrrninae: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 632 [as sub­
family of F o r m i d d a e ] .
J u n i o r s y n o n y m of P s e u d o m y r m e c i n a e : Ward, 1990:
459.
RENEINI (junior s y n o n y m of Amblyoponini)
Reneini Donisthorpe, 1947d: 183 [as tribe of Pon­
erinae]. Type-genus: Renea (junior s y n o n y m of
Prionopelta).
J u n i o r s y n o n y m of Amblyoponini: B r o w n , 1953c: 1 1 .
RHAGIOMYRMICINAE (unavailable n a m e )
Rhagiomyrmicinae Forel, 1 9 1 7 : 2 4 6 [as "section" of
Myrmicinae]. Section designated to i n d u d e tribes
Cataulacini, Cephalotini [=Cryptocerini] a n d
Dacetini. Unavailable n a m e ; n o t based o n g e n u s
r a n k t a x o n . Contained material referable to
Myrmicinae: Bolton, 1 9 9 4 : 1 0 6 .
SANTSCHIELLINI (tribe of Formicinae)
SantscMellini Forel, 1917: 2 3 2 [as tribe of
C a m p o n o t i n a e ] . Type-genus: Santschiella.
Santscmellinl: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 6 9 4 [as tribe of
Formicinae].
I n d u d e d g e n u s : Santschiella.
*SICILOMYRMECINI (tribe of Formicinae)
*Sicelomynnicmi Wheeler, W.M. 1929a: 12 [as tribe of
F o r m i d n a e ] . Type-genus: *Sitilomyrmex.
*Sicilomyrmecim: B r o w n & Carpenter, 1 9 7 9 : 4 2 3
[ e m e n d e d spelling].
I n d u d e d genus: *Sialomyrmex.
SOLENOPSIDINI (tribe of Myrmicinae)
Solenopsisii Forel, 1893a: 164 [as tribe of
M y r m i c i n a e ] . Type-genus: Solenopsis.
Solenopsidii: Emery, 1895j: 7 6 9 [ e m e n d e d spelling].
Solenopsidini: Ashmead, 1905b: 383 [ e m e n d e d spell­
ing of suffix].
Revisions of tribe: Ettershank, 1966: 73; Bolton, 1987:
263.
Senior s y n o n y m of
M e g a l o m y r m e d n i , M o n o m o r i i n i Emery: Bolton,
1994: 106.
M o n o m o r i i n i Wheeler: n e w s y n o n y m y .
I n d u d e d genera: Allomerus, Anillomyrma, Anti-
chthonidris, Bondroitia, Carebarella, Diplomorium,
Epelysidris, Megalomyrmex, Monomorium, Nothidris,
Oxyepoecus, Phacota, Solenopsis.
*SPHECOMYRMTNAE (subfamily of F o r m i d d a e )
*Sphecomyrminae Wilson & B r o w n , in Wilson, Carpen­
ter & B r o w n , 1967: 6 [as subfamily of F o r m i d d a e ] .
Type-genus: *Sphecomyrma.
*Sphecomyrmidae: DIussky, 1987: 132 [as family of
Formicoidea].
*Sphecomyrminae: Holldobler & Wilson, 1990: 9; Car­
penter, 1 9 9 2 : 4 9 0 ; Bolton, 1994: 184 [as subfamily
of F o r m i d d a e ] ,
I n d u d e d genera: *Baikuris, *Cretomyrma, * DIusskyidris,
*Sphecomyrma.
STEGOMYRMECINI (tribe of Myrmicinae)
Stegomyrmicini Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 668 [as tribe of
M y r m i c i n a e ] . Type-genus: Stegomyrmex.
Stegomyrmecini: Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985:
258 [emendedspelling].
Revision of tribe: Diniz, 1 9 9 0 : 2 7 7 .
I n d u d e d g e n u s : Stegomyrmex.
Farxiily-Group (Suprageneric) Taxa 15
STENAMMINI (tribe of Myrmicinae)
S t e n a m m i n i Ashmead, 1905b: 383 [as tribe of
M y r m i c i n a e ] . Type-genus: Stenamma.
Stenammini: Emery, 192If: 52 [as subtribe of
Pheidolini].
Stenamrmni: Bolton, 1 9 9 4 : 1 0 6 [as tribe of
Myrmicinae].
Senior s y n o n y m of
Calyptomyrmecini, Proattini: Bolton, 1 9 9 4 : 1 0 6 .
Included genera: Ancyridris, Bariamyrma,
Ccdyptomyrmex, Cyphoidris, Dacatria, Dacetinops,
Dicroaspis, Indomyrma, Lachnomyrmex, Lordomyrma,
Proatta, Rogeria, Rostromyrmex, Stenamma,
Tetheamyrma.
Genera dubiously included h e r e : Adelomyrmex,
Baracidris, *Ilemomyrmex, Mayriella.
STEREOMYRMICINI (junior s y n o n y m of
Formicoxenini)
Stereomyrmicini Emery, 1914a: 36 [as tribe of
M y r m i c i n a e ] . Type-genus: Stereomyrmex.
Stereomyrmecini: Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985:
257 [ e m e n d e d s p e l l i n g ] .
J u n i o r s y n o n y m of Formicoxenini: Bolton, 1 9 9 4 : 1 0 5 .
STICTOPONERTNI (junior s y n o n y m of Ectatommini)
Stictoponerini Arnol'di, 1930d: 161 [as subtribe of
E t f a t o m m i n i ] . Type-genus: Stictoponera (junior syn­
o n y m of Gnamptogenys).
J u n i o r s y n o n y m of Ectatomrnini: Bolton, 1 9 9 4 : 1 6 4 .
16 Family-Group (Suprageneric) Taxa
STRUMIGENJTT (junior s y n o n y m of Dacetini)
Strumigeniti B r o w n , 1952g: 10 (footnote); B r o w n ,
1954b: 4 6 5 (definition) [as subtribe of Dacetini].
Type-genus: Strumigenys.
J u n i o r s y n o n y m of Dacetini: Baroni Urbani & De
Andrade, 1994: 9.
TAPINOMINI (junior s y n o n y m of Dolichoderinae)
Tapmomini Emery, 1912g: 17 [as tribe of
Dolichoderinae]. Type-genus: Tapinoma.
J u n i o r s y n o n y m of Dolichoderinae: Shattuck, 1992c:
5.
TARAXOPONERTNAE (unavailable n a m e )
Taraxoponerinae Forel, 1 9 1 7 : 2 3 1 [as "section" of Pon­
erinae]. Section designated t o include tribes
Ectatommini, Paraponerini, Platythyreini, Pro­
ceratiini a n d T h a u m a t o m y r m e c m i . Unavailable
n a m e ; n o t based o n g e n u s r a n k t a x o n . Contained
material referable t o Ponerinae: Bolton, 1 9 9 4 : 1 6 4 .
TELEUTOMYJUVIINT (junior s y n o n y m of Tetramoriini)
Teleutomyrmini Kutter, 1950a: 81 [as subtribe of
Tetramoriini]. Type-genus: Teleutomyrmex.
J u n i o r s y n o n y m of Tetramoriini: Bolton, 1 9 9 4 : 1 0 6 .
TETRAMORIINI (tribe of Myrmicinae)
Tetramorii Emery, 1895j: 7 7 0 [as tribe of
Myrmicinae]. Type-genus: Tetramorium.
TeTramoriini: Ashmead, 1905b: 383 [ e m e n d e d spell­
ing of suffix].
Revisions of tribe: Bolton, 1 9 7 6 : 2 8 1 ; Bolton, 1980:
193.
Senior s y n o n y m of Anergatini, Teleutomyrmini: Bol­
t o n , 1994: 106.
Included genera: Anergates, Decamorium,
Rhoptromyrmex, Secostruma, Strongylognathus,
Teleutomyrmex, Tetramorium.
THAUMATOMYRMECINI (tribe of Ponerinae)
T h a u m a t o m y r m i i Emery, 1901a: 36 [as tribe of Pon­
erinae] . Type-genus: Thaumatomyrmex.
T h a u m a t o m y r m i c i n i : Emery, 191 I d : 4 8 [emended
spelling of suffix].
T h a u m a t o m y n n e c i n i : Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J.
1 9 8 5 : 2 5 6 [ e m e n d e d spelling].
Revisions of tribe: Kempf, 1975b: 95; Longino, 1988:
35.
Included g e n u s : Thaumatomyrmex.
TYPHLOMYRMECINI (tribe of Ponerinae)
TypUomyrrmcini Emery, 1911 d: 32 [as subtribe of
Ectatonmiini]. Type-genus: Typhlomyrmex.
T y p M o m y r m i d n i : B r o w n , 1953a: 104 [as tribe of Pon­
erinae].
TvpMomyrmecini: B r o w n , 1965c: 65 [ e m e n d e d spell­
ing! •
Revision of tribe: B r o w n , 1965c: 65.
Included g e n u s : Typhlomyrmex.
*ZHERICHTNirNI (junior s y n o n y m of Dolichoderinae)
*Zherichiiuini DIussky, 1988: 56 [as tribe of
Dolichoderinae]. Type-genus: *Zherichinius.
J u n i o r s y n o n y m of Dolichoderinae: Shattuck, 1992c:
5.
 Catalogue of Genus-Group Taxa
L a y o u t of t h e c a t a l o g u e
The provisions of the International Code ofZoological Nomenclature (Third
Edition, 1985) are applied throughout this alphabetically arranged
catalogue. Each name is immediately followed by information in pa­
rentheses on the current status of, or the subfamily and tribal place­
ment of, the taxon in question. The notes on the current status, including
junior synonyms, junior homonyms, subgeneric names, etc., provide
a cross-reference within the catalogue of genus-group taxa. Inclusion
of subfamily and tribal names, along with the currently valid genus-
rank taxa, allows the name to be referred back to the catalogue of
family-group taxa. Subsequent entries list references for the follow­
ing, not all of which, after the second, may be applicable to any single
name:
i. The original description, designation, or nomination of the
taxon.
ii. The type-species of the taxon, together with synonymic or
homonymic data concerning the type-species, where
appropriate.
iii. Changes in rank of the taxon, in date order.
iv. Homonymy, or senior or junior synonymy, of the taxon.
v. References to any revision, review, or key concerning the
taxon.
vi. List of lower-ranking taxa currently included within a higher-
ranking taxon, in alphabetical order and with synonyms and
homonyms indicated.
References to synonymies are repeated under both senior and jun­
ior names, as these may be widely separated in the catalogue. The
earliest reference to a synonymy is always given. Where further refer­
ences are included they present additional information, confirmation,
or other data. Similarly, full data on junior homonyms are given, together
with directions to the appropriate replacement names, where some of
the information may be repeated. Nomina nuda and other taxonomi­
cally unavailable names are indicated as such and are followed by
references or notes explaining their provenance and dispersal, where
the latter is feasible.
Serious misspellings are entered in the catalogue in square brackets,
and a note under the correctly spelled entry directs the reader's atten­
tion toward the misspelling. Simple typographical errors, which are
unlikely to cause confusion, have usually been ignored, but some
commonly perpetrated errors are included. Misspellings and deliber­
ate emendations of spellings are differentiated. In general, any secon­
dary spelling that is at variance with the original is treated as a misspelling
unless its author has given a definite indication that an emendation in
spelling is intended. Such emendations are regarded as justified or
unjustified, according to the evidence of each case.
As in the catalogue of family-group names, no attempt has been
made to record every occurrence of a n a m e throughout the entire ant
literature. Such a process would amass vast lists and enormous num­
bers of references, the majority of which would not convey any n e w
information. The principal aim here is to provide a concise, useful,
and accurate guide, rather than an exhaustive but mostly sterile list.
Therefore, references initiating new taxa, synonymy, homonymy, etc.,
are all presented, but following these only references conveying new,
additional, modified, or synoptic information are recorded.
References to reviews, revisions, and keys pertairring to whole genera
or recognised subdivisions of genera throughout their k n o w n range,
and studies of genus-group names applied to an entire zoogeographi-
cal region, are included. References to keys for small areas, for in­
stance to a single genus in a single European country, are not nor­
mally given, but exceptions are made where such studies include
radical new information or where a large genus has only been studied
in a limited area. For a list of faunal studies the reader is referred to the
introduction.
In general only relatively recent keys (post-1950) have been in­
cluded as references. This is mainly because earlier keys laboured
under the weird and worthless pentanomial system of ant nomencla­
ture and are, by modern standards, clogged with unavailable infra-
subsperific names. If early keys retain some value they have been in­
cluded but are followed by the statement "out of date" where
necessary.
The symbol * preceding a name indicates that the taxon is known
only from the fossil record. At the initial entry for each genus-group
name the following typography is used:
i. BOLD ITALIC CAPITALS indicate a currently valid name of
genus or subgenus rank. To distinguish the two, all names
 currently accepted at the rank of subgenus are preceded by the
symbol #.
Li. ITALIC CAPITALS indicate all other names in the genus-group,
including junior synonyms, junior homonyms, nomina nuda,
unavailable names, ichnotaxa, misspellings and unjustified
emendations.
R e c e n t w o r l d lists of g e n e r a
Brown (1973b) published a list of world genera indicating all the
names that he considered to be synonyms. He stressed, however, that
these synonymies were provisional, termed them "projected synony­
mies," and accepted that some would be rejected when detailed analysis
was carried out. In the present catalogue these proposals of Brown's
are listed as "provisional junior synonym" where each occurs. When
further work has either confirmed or rejected the provisional synon­
ymy, the reference for that study is given. Where no additional infor­
mation has accrued, the Brown entry is followed by the note " (uncon­
firmed)."
Later lists of genera, produced by Snelling (1981) and Holldobler &
Wilson (1990), used the Brown (1973b) paper as their template, with
one important difference: the provisional synonyms of Brown are
rendered as definite in both these publications, though none of the
synonymies is claimed as n e w in either list. Both these lists are to a
large extent ignored here, being noted only w h e n they present infor­
mation which is n e w or radically at variance with the Brown list.
The main result of this action is to deny the synonymy of subgenera
in a number of speciose genera, such as Camponotus and Polyrhachis.
Whilst feeling sure that Brown's provisional synonymies will in most
cases prove to be justified, I consider that confirmation of synonymy
should rest upon analysis or definitive statement, rather than merely
upon inclusion in a later list.
The treatment of genus-group synonymies included in post-1973
catalogues (e.g. Smith, D.R. (1979); Taylor & Brown, D.R. (1985)), as
opposed to simple lists, is at variance to the above. Synonymies re­
corded in catalogues are regarded here as corrfirming or denying the
validity of Brown's (1973b) provisional synonyms. Such a decision
may seem arbitrary but it is necessary, as catalogues present much
more and more detailed information than lists do, which amounts to
the making of a definitive statement. For example, Taylor & Brown,
D.R. (1985) are considered to have confirmed the synonymy of
Dacryon with Podomyrma by including all the species-group taxa origi­
nally assigned to the former under the latter name. Smith, D.R (1979)
accepts Brown's synonymy of the subgenera of Pheidole by listing all
taxa under one heading, but denies the synonymy of the subgenera of
Camponotus and Lasius by cataloguing each subgenus and its contents
separately.
Finally, a word must be said about the treatment of genera in the
idiosyncratic and very unsatisfactory list given by Wheeler, G.C. &
Wheeler, J. (1985). This appears to have been written without regard
for, or perhaps in ignorance of, most preceding revisionary studies,
although it is quoted as being "up to date accorciing to our views." In
the list large numbers of genera are resurrected from synonymy, ap­
parently at whim. Others are returned to tribes from which they had
expressly been excluded by earlier revisors, and still others are given
as "incertae sedis" w h e n their taxonomic position has previously been
worked out. The number of such unjustified emendations, especially
in the Myrmicinae, is regrettably large. In view of all these anomalies
and anachronisms, I have chosen to omit this publication from refer­
ence in the generic catalogue which follows, whilst drawing attention
to its existence here.

T h e c a t a l o g u e of g e n u s - g r o u p t a x a
ACALAMA (junior s y n o n y m of Gauromyrmex)
Acalama Smith, M.R. 1949a: 2 0 6 . Type-spedes:
Acalama donisthorpei (junior s y n o n y m of Vollenhovia
acanthinus), by original designation. Acalama j u n i o r
s y n o n y m of Gauromyrmex: B r o w n , 1953c: 10.
[Gauromyrmex provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Vollenhovia: B r o w n , 1973b: 178; confirmed by Bol­
ton, 1994: 105].
ACAMATUS (junior h o m o n y m , see Neivamyrmex)
Acamatus Emery, 1894c: 181 [as s u b g e n u s of Eciton].
Type-spedes: Eciton (Acamatus) schmitti (junior syn­
o n y m of Neivamyrmex nigrescens), by s u b s e q u e n t des­
ignation of Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 157. [Junior
h o m o n y m of Acamatus Schoenherr, 1833: 20 (Col-
eoptera).] Neivamyrmex Borgmeier, 1940: 606, re­
p l a c e m e n t n a m e for Acamatus Emery.
ACANTHWRIS (junior s y n o n y m of Rhopalothrix)
Acanthidris Weber, 1941a: 1 8 8 . Type-spedes:
Acanthidris isthmicus, by original designation.
Acanthidris j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Rhopalothrix: B r o w n
& Kempf, 1 9 6 0 : 2 3 0 .
ACANTHOCLINEA (junior s y n o n y m of Dolichoderus)
Acanthoclinea Wheeler, W.M. 1935c: 69 [as subgenus
of Dolichoderus]. Type-spedes: Dolichoderus doriae, by
original designation. Acanthoclinea raised to g e n u s :
B r o w n , 1950e: 2 4 9 . Acanthoclinea provisional j u n i o r
s y n o n y m of Dolichoderus: B r o w n , 1973b: 178.
Acanthoclinea j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Dolichoderus: Taylor
& B r o w n , D.R. 1985: 9 3 ; Shattuck, 1992c: 66.
ACANTHOGNATHUS (Myrmicinae: Dacetini)
Acanthognathus Mayr, 1887: 5 7 8 . Type-spedes:
Acanthognathus ocellatus, by m o n o t y p y . Revision of
genus: B r o w n & Kempf, 1969: 8 7 .
ACANTHOLEPIS (junior h o m o n y m , see Lepisiota)
Acantholepis Mayr, 1 8 6 1 : 4 2 . Type-spedes: Hypoclinea
frauenfeldi, b y m o n o t y p y . [Junior h o m o n y m of
AcantholepisKroyer, 1 8 4 6 : 9 8 (Pisces)]. Lepisiota
Santschi, 1926a: 15; previously s u b g e n u s of
Acantholepis Mayr, first available r e p l a c e m e n t n a m e .
[Achantilepis: see below.]
ACANTHOMYOPS (Formicinae: Lasiini)
Acanthomyops Mayr, 1 8 6 2 : 6 9 9 . Type-spedes: Formica
clavigera, by m o n o t y p y . Acanthomyops j u n i o r syn­
o n y m of Lasius: Mayr, 1866b: 8 8 8 . Acanthomyops
revived from s y n o n y m y as subgenus of Lasius:
Emery, 1893i: 642. Acanthomyops incorrectly as
senior s y n o n y m of Lasius: Forel, 1 9 1 6 : 4 6 0 ;
Donisthorpe, 1916c: 2 7 6 . Acanthomyops subgenus of
Formicina: Forel, 1917: 2 4 9 . Acanthomyops subgenus
of Lasius: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 698; Emery, 1925b:
226. Acanthomyops revived status as g e n u s :
Creighton, 1950a: 4 2 6 . Key to q u e e n s : Buren,
1950: 188. Revision of g e n u s : Wing, 1968: 3.
A CANTHOMYRMEX (Myrmicinae: M y r m e d n i n i )
Acanthomyrmex Emery, 1893a: cclxxvi. Type-spedes:
Acanthomyrmex luciolae, b y s u b s e q u e n t designation
of Bingham, 1 9 0 3 : 1 9 1 . [Acanthomyrmex also
described as n e w b y Emery, 1893f: 244.] Revision
of g e n u s : Moffett, 1986c: 5 5 .
ACANTHOPONERA (Ponerinae: E d a t o m m i n i )
Acanthoponera Mayr, 1 8 6 2 : 7 3 2 [as subgenus of
Ectatomma]. Type-spedes: Ponera mucronata, by sub­
s e q u e n t designation of Wheeler, W.M. 191 If: 158.
Acanthoponera raised to g e n u s : Emery, 1895g: 3 4 6 ;
Emery, 1911d: 3 5 . Revision of g e n u s : Brown,
1958g: 188. See also: Lattke, 1 9 9 4 : 1 1 0 .
ACANTHOSTICHUS (Cerapachyinae:
Acanmostichini)
Acanthostichus Mayr, 1887: 549. Type-spedes:
Typhlopone serratula, by m o n o t y p y . Key to s p e d e s :
Wheeler, W.M. 1934g: 162; see also Kusnezov,
1962a: 121;Kempf, 1964c: 2 6 3 . Review of g e n u s :
B r o w n , 1 9 7 5 : 4 1 . Acanthostichus senior s y n o n y m of
Ctenopyga: MacKay, in preparation.

18 Genus-Group Taxa
[ACHANTILEPIS (niisspelling)
Achantilepis Santschi, 1935b: 274, incorrect sub­
s e q u e n t spelling of Acantholepis.]
ACIDOMYRMEX (junior s y n o n y m of Rhoptromyrmex)
Acidomyrmex Emery, 1915i: 191 [as s u b g e n u s of
Rhoptromyrmex]. Type-species: Rhoptromyrmex
wroughtonii, by original designation. Acidomyrmex
raised t o genus: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 664.
Acidomyrmex j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Rhoptromyrmex:
B r o w n , 1964c: 1 1 ; see also Bolton, 1986a: 2.
ACROCOELIA (junior s y n o n y m of Crematogaster)
Acrocoelia Mayr, 1853a: 147. Type-species: Acrocoelia
ruficeps (junior s y n o n y m of Crematogaster scutellaris),
by s u b s e q u e n t designation of Wheeler, W.M. 191 If:
158. Acrocoelia j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Crematogaster:
Mayr, 1 8 6 3 : 4 0 4 ; Wheeler, W.M. 191 If: 158;
Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 8 2 8 . Acrocoelia revived from
s y n o n y m y as subgenus of Crematogaster: Emery,
1922e: 140. Acrocoelia j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Crematogas­
ter: Buren, 1 9 5 9 : 1 2 6 . Acrocoelia revived from s y n o n ­
y m y as g e n u s : Soulie, 1964: 3 9 8 . Acrocoelia j u n i o r
s y n o n y m of Crematogaster: B r o w n , 1973b: 1 7 8 . [The
type-species of Acrocoelia a n d Crematogaster are syn­
o n y m o u s , t h e generic s y n o n y m y is therefore abso­
lute.]
ACROMYRMEX (Myrmicinae: Attini)
Acromyrmex Mayr, 1865: 83 [as subgenus of Atta].
Type-species: Formica hystrix, b y m o n o t y p y .
Acromyrmex raised to g e n u s : Emery, 1 9 1 3 : 2 5 1 . K e y
to species: Santschi, 1925a: 388 (out of date). Revi­
sion of Brazilian fauna: Goncalves, 1 9 6 1 : 1 1 3 . Par­
tial revision of g e n u s : Fowler, 1 9 8 8 : 2 8 1 .
Bibliography: Cherrett & Cherrett, 1 9 8 9 : 1 . Sub­
genera of Acromyrmex: norninal plus Moellerius.
ACROPYGA (Formicinae: Plagiolepidini)
Acropyga Roger, 1862a: 2 4 2 . Type-species: Acropyga
acutiventris, by m o n o t y p y . Key t o Neotropical spe­
cies: Weber, 1944: 9 1 . Subgenera of Acropyga: n o m i ­
n a l plus Atopodon, Malacomyrma, Rhizomyrma.
*ACROSTIGMA (junior s y n o n y m of Podomyrma)
*Acrostigma Emery, 1891a: 149 [as subgenus of
Podomyrma]. Type-species: *Podomyrma (Acrostigma)
mayri, by m o n o t y p y . *Acrostigma j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Podomyrma: Daiia Torre, 1893: 159.
ACROSTIGMA (junior h o m o n y m , see Stigmacros)
Acrostigma Forel, 1902h: 4 7 7 [as subgenus of
Acantholepis]. Type-species: Acantholepis (Acrostigma)
froggatti, by subsequent designation of Wheeler,
W.M. 191 If: 158. [Junior h o m o n y m of *Acrostigma
Emery, 1891a: 149, above.] Stigmacros Forel, 1905b:
179, r e p l a c e m e n t n a m e for Acrostigma Forel.
ADELOMYRMEX (Myrmicinae: Stenammini?)
Adelomyrmex Emery, 1897c: 590. Type-species:
Adelomyrmex biroi, by m o n o t y p y . Adelomyrmex senior
s y n o n y m of Apsychomyrmex: Kempf, 1972a: 18.
Adelomyrmex provisional senior s y n o n y m of
Arctomyrmex: B r o w n , 1973b: 178; confirmed Bolton,
1994: 106.
ADETOMYRMA (Ponerinae: Amblyoponini)
Adetomyrma Ward, 1 9 9 4 : 1 6 0 . Type-species:
Adetomyrma venatrix, by original designation.
ADFORMICA (junior s y n o n y m of Coptoformica)
Adformica Lomnicki, 1925a: 164 [as subgenus of For­
mica] . Type-species: Formica exsecta, by s u b s e q u e n t
designation of Donisthorpe, 1927b: 316. Adformica
j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Coptoformica: Stitz, 1939: 306.
[Coptoformica j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Formka: Smith,
D.R. 1979: 1448.]
ADLERZIA (Myrmicinae: Pheidologetonini)
Adlerzia Forel, 1902h: 4 4 5 [as subgenus of Monomor­
ium]. Type-species: Monomorium (Adlerzia) froggatti,
by m o n o t y p y . Adlerzia raised to g e n u s : B r o w n ,
1952j: Ylii. Adlerzia senior s y n o n y m of Stenothorax:
B r o w n , 1952a: 110.
AENICTOGITON (Aenictogitoninae)
Aenictogiton Emery, 1901d: 4 9 . Type-species:
Aenictogiton fossiceps, b y m o n o t y p y . Key t o species:
Santschi, 1924b: 200. Review of g e n u s : B r o w n ,
1975:43.
AENICTUS (Aenictinae)
Aenictus Shuckard, 1840b: 2 6 6 . Type-species: Aenictus
ambiguus, by original designation. Aenictus senior
s y n o n y m of Typhlatta: Forel, 1890b: riii. Aenictus
senior s y n o n y m of Par aenictus: Wilson, 1964a: 4 4 4 .
Key to Indo-Australian species: Wilson, 1964a: 4 3 6 ;
see also Gotwald, 1982: 157. [Enictus Walker, 1860:
306; Smith, F. 1 8 6 5 : 7 9 ; incorrect s u b s e q u e n t spell­
ings.]
AEROMYRMA (junior s y n o n y m of Oligomyrmex)
Aeromyrma Forel, 1891b: 198. Type-species: Aer-
omyrma nosindambo, by m o n o t y p y . [Aeromyrma also
described as n e w b y Forel, 189 l a : cccvii; n o species-
r a n k taxa n a m e d . ] Aeromyrma subgenus of
Oligomyrmex:Emery, 1915c: 59 (footnote). Aer­
omyrma revived status as g e n u s : Arnold, 1 9 1 6 : 2 5 6 ;
m a i n t a i n e d as g e n u s : Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 882.
Aeromyrma subgenus of Oligomyrmex: Emery, 1922f:
2 1 5 . Aeromyrma j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Oligomyrmex:
Ettershank, 1 9 6 6 : 1 1 9 . Key t o Afrotropical species:
Weber, 1 9 5 2 : 1 1 .
AETHIOPOPONE (junior s y n o n y m of Sphinctomyrmex)
Aethiopopone Santschi, 1930a: 4 9 . Type-species:
Sphinctomyrmex rufiventris, by m o n o t y p y .
Aethiopopone j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Sphinctomyrmex: Bol­
t o n , 1973a: 3 4 1 ; B r o w n , 1975: 3 1 .
AFROXYIDRIS (Myrmicinae: Pheidologetonini)
Afroxyidris Belshaw & Bolton, 1994: 6 3 1 . Type-species:
Afroxyidris crigensis, by original designation.
AGRA ULOMYRMEX (ForTnidnae: Plagiolepidini)
AgraulomyrmexPfms, 1 9 8 3 : 2 . Type-spedes:
Agraulomyrmexmeridionalis, b y original designation.
*AGROECOMYRMEX (Myrrmcinae:
Agroecomyrmedni)
*Agroecomyrmex Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 56. Type-spe­
d e s : *Myrmica duisburgi, b y original designation.
ttALAOPONE (subgenus of Dorylus)
Alaopone Emery, 1881a: 2 7 4 . Type-spedes: Alaopone
oberthueri (junior s y n o n y m of Dorylus orientalis), by
subsequent designation of Emery, 1910b: 15.
Alaopone j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Dorylus: Dalla Torre,
1893: 9. Alaopone revived from s y n o n y m y as subge­
n u s of Dorylus: Emery, 1895i: 7 0 2 . Alaopone senior
s y n o n y m of Shuckardia: Emery, 1910b: 14. Alaopone
provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Dorylus: B r o w n ,
1973b: 178 (unconfirmed).
ALFARIA (junior s y n o n y m of Gnamptogenys)
Alfaria Emery, 1896e: 177 (diagnosis in k e y ) . Type-
s p e d e s : Alfaria simulans, b y original designation.
[Alfaria also described as n e w by Emery, 1896g: 41.]
Alfaria senior s y n o n y m of Opisthoscyphus: B r o w n , in
Borgmeier, 1 9 5 7 : 1 1 5 . Alfaria j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Gnamptogenys: B r o w n , 1958g: 2 1 1 .
ALISTRUMA (junior s y n o n y m of Colobostruma)
Alistruma B r o w n , 1948e: 117. Type-spedes:
Epopostruma foliacea, by original designation.
Alistruma j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Colobostruma: Brown,
1959c: 1.
ALLOFORMICA (Formicinae: F o r m i d n i )
Alloformica DIussky, 1969a: 219 [as subgenus of Pro-
formica] . Type-spedes: Formica aberrans, b y original
designation. Alloformica provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m
of Proformica: B r o w n , 1973b: 178. Alloformica raised
to g e n u s : DIussky & Fedoseeva, 1 9 8 7 : 7 7 ; m a i n ­
tained as genus: Agosti, 1 9 9 1 : 2 5 9 ; Agosti, 1994a:
99.
ALLOMERUS (Myrmicinae: Solenopsidini)
Allomerus Mayr, 1878: 8 7 3 . Type-spedes: Allomerus
decemarticulatus, b y s u b s e q u e n t designation of
Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 158. Reviews of genus:
Ettershank, 1966: 111;Bolton, 1 9 8 7 : 2 8 2 .
ALLOPHEIDOLE (junior s y n o n y m of Pheidole)
Allopheidole Forel, 1912f: 237 [as subgenus of
Pheidole]. Type-spedes: Pheidole kingi (junior syn­
o n y m of Pheidole tepicana), by s u b s e q u e n t designa­
tion of Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 7 9 . Allopheidole j u n i o r
s y n o n y m of Pheidole: Emery, 1921f: 84.
AMAUROMYRMEX (junior s y n o n y m of Pheidologeton)
Amauromyrmex Wheeler, W.M. 1929b: 1. Type-spedes:
Amauromyrmex speculifrons (junior s y n o n y m of
Pheidologeton silenus), b y original designation.
Amauromyrmex j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pheidologeton:
Ettershank, 1 9 6 6 : 1 1 5 .
AMBLYOPONE (Ponerinae: Amblyoponini)
Amblyopone Erichson, 1 8 4 2 : 2 6 0 . Type-spedes:
Amblyopone australis, by m o n o t y p y . Amblyopone
senior s y n o n y m of Stigmatomma: E m e r y & Forel,
1 8 7 9 : 4 5 5 ; Mayr, 1 8 8 7 : 5 4 6 . Amblyopone senior syn­
o n y m of Arotropus: Piovancher, 1 8 8 7 : 2 4 0 .
Amblyopone senior s y n o n y m of Amblyopopone: Forel,
1893a: 166; Emery, 191 I d : 2 5 . Amblyopone senior
s y n o n y m of Neoomblyopone a n d Protamblyopone:
B r o w n , 1949c: 8 7 . Amblyopone senior s y n o n y m of
Arotropus, Ericapelta, Lithomyrmex Clark,
Neoomblyopone, Protamblyopone, Stigmatomma (and its
j u n i o r s y n o n y m s Fulakora and Xymmer): B r o w n ,
1960a: 155. Amblyopone provisional senior s y n o n y m
of Paraprionopelta: B r o w n , 1973b: 183
(unconfirmed). Amblyopone senior s y n o n y m of
Amblyopopona: Bolton, 1994: 164. Revision of
genus: B r o w n , 1960a: 155. Key to M e d i t e r r a n e a n
region: Baroni Urbani, 1978a: 4 1 ; t o Neotropical:
Lattke, 1991b: 6
AMBLYOPOPONA (junior s y n o n y m of Amblyopone)
Amblyopopona Schulz, 1 9 0 6 : 1 5 4 , unjustified e m e n d a ­
tion of Amblyopone. Amblyopopona j u n i o r s y n o n y m
of Amblyopone: Bolton, 1 9 9 4 : 1 6 4 .
AMBLYOPOPONE (junior s y n o n y m of Amblyopone)
Amblyopopone Dalla Torre, 1 8 9 3 : 1 3 , unjustified e m e n ­
dation of Amblyopone. Amblyopopone j u n i o r s y n o n y m
of Amblyopone: Forel, 1 8 9 3 : 1 6 6 .
*AMEGHINOIA ( M y i m e d i n a e : u n p l a c e d to tribe)
*Ameghinoia Viana & H a e d o Rossi, 1 9 5 7 : 1 0 9 . Type-spe­
d e s : *Ameghinoia piatnitzkyi, by original designation.
Genus-Group Taxa 19
 Plagiolepis-.Brown, 1973b: 178; confirmed Bolton,
1994: 5 1 .
APSYCHOMYPMEX (junior s y n o n y m of Adelomyrmex)
ApsychomyrmexYfheeler, W.M. 1910a: 2 6 1 . Type-spe­
cies: Apsychomyrmex myops, b y m o n o t y p y . Review of
genus: Smith, M.R. 1947b: 4 6 8 . Apsychomyrmex
j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Adelomyrmex: Kempf, 1972a: 18.
^APTEROCREMA (subgenus of Crematogaster)
Apterocrema Wheeler, W.M. 1936c: 45 [as subgenus of
. Crematogaster]. Type-species: Crematogaster
(Apterocrema) atitlanica, by m o n o t y p y . Apterocrema
provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Crematogaster:
Brown, 1973b: 178 (unconfirmed).
APTEROSTIGMA (Myrmicinae: Attini)
Apterostigma Mayr, 1865: 111.Type-species:
Apterostigma pilosum, by m o n o t y p y .
ARATROMYRMEX (junior s y n o n y m of Vollenhovia)
Aratromyrmex Stitz, 1938: 105. Type-species:
Aratromyrmex luctuosus, by s u b s e q u e n t designation
of Donisthorpe, 1943f: 6 2 5 . Aratromyrmex provi­
sional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Liomyrmex: B r o w n , 1973b:
178. Aratromyrmex j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Vollenhovia:
Baroni Urbani, 1980a: 96.
ARAUCOMYRMEX (junior s y n o n y m of Cdnomyrma)
Araucomyrmex Gallardo, 1919b: 2 4 9 . Type-species:
Dorymyrmex tener, by original designation.
Araucomyrmex subgenus of Conomyrma: Santschi,
1922b: 3 6 5 . Araucomyrmex subgenus of Dorymyrmex:
Kusnezov, 1952g: 4 2 8 . Araucomyrmex revived status
as g e n u s : Kusnezov, 1959: 5 1 ; m a i n t a i n e d as g e n u s :
Kempf, 1972a: 2 5 . Araucomyrmexvrovisional junior
s y n o n y m of Dorymyrmex: B r o w n , 1973b: 178.
Araucomyrmex m a i n t a i n e d as genus: Snelling, 1975:
9. Araucomyrmex senior s y n o n y m of Ammomyrma:
Snelling & Hunt, 1976: 9 3 . Araucomyrmex j u n i o r syn­
o n y m of Conomyrma: Snelling, 1 9 8 1 : 4 0 2 . [Con­
omyrma j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Dorymyrmex: Shattuck,
1992c: 77.]
ARCHAEOMYRMEX (junior s y n o n y m of Myrmecina)
Archaeomyrmex M a n n , 1 9 2 1 : 4 4 8 . Type-species:
Archaeomyrmex cacabau, by original designation.
Archaeomyrmex j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Myrmecina:
B r o w n , 1971a: 1.
*ARCHAEOPONE (*Armaniinae)
*Archaeopone DIussky, 1 9 7 5 : 1 2 0 . Type-species:
*Archaeopone kzylzharica, by original designation.
*Archaeopone transferred from P o n e r i n a e to
*Armaniidae: DIussky, 1983: 66. *Archaeopone
j u n i o r s y n o n y m of *Sphecomyrma: Wilson, 1987: 49;
Holldobler & Wilson, 1990: 9. *Archaeopone revived
from s y n o n y m y : DIussky & Fedoseeva, 1987: 77;
Carpenter, 1 9 9 2 : 4 9 1 .
ARCHEATTA (junior s y n o n y m oiAtta)
Archeatta Goncalves, 1942: 342 [as subgenus of Atta].
Type-species: Oecodoma mexicana, by original desig­
nation. Archeatta junior s y n o n y m of Atta: Smith,
M.R. 1951a: 832; Weber, 1958a: 8. Archeatta revived
from s y n o n y m y as s u b g e n u s of Atta, a n d revision of
subgenus: Borgmeier, 1959b: 350. Archeatta provi­
sional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Atta: B r o w n , 1973b: 178;
confirmed Bolton, 1 9 9 4 : 1 0 5 .
*ARCHIMYRMEX (Myrmicinae: u n p l a c e d to tribe)
*Archimyrmex Cockerell, 1923a: 52. Type-species:
* Archimyrmexrostratus, by m o n o t y p y . * Archimyrmex
transferred from P o n e r i n a e t o Myrmicinae: Carpen­
ter, 1930: 16.
*ARCEUPONERA (Ponerinae: Ponerini)
*Archiponera Carpenter, 1 9 3 0 : 2 7 . Type-species:
*Archiponera wheeleri, b y original designation.
ARCTOMYRMEX (junior s y n o n y m of Adelomyrmex)
Arctomyrmex M a n n , 1 9 2 1 : 4 5 7 [as subgenus of
Adelomyrmex]. Type-species: Adelomyrmex
(Arctomyrmex) hirsutus, by original designation.
Arctomyrmex provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Adelomyrmex: B r o w n , 1973b: 178; confirmed Bol­
ton, 1994: 106.
*ARMANIA (*Armaniinae)
*Armania DIussky, 1983: 67. Type-species: *Armania
robusta, by original designation. *Armania j u n i o r
s y n o n y m of *Sphecomyrma: Wilson, 1987: 49;
Hdlldobler & Wilson, 1990: 9. *Armania revived
from s y n o n y m y : DIussky & Fedoseeva, 1987: 77;
Carpenter, 1 9 9 2 : 4 9 1 .
*ARMANIELLA (*Armaniinae)
*Armaniella DIussky, 1983: 7 1 . Type-species:
*Armaniella curiosa, by original designation.
*Armaniella j u n i o r s y n o n y m of *Sphecomyrma: Wil­
son, 1987: 49; Holldobler & Wilson, 1990: 9.
*Armaniella revived from s y n o n y m y : DIussky &
Fedoseeva, 1 9 8 7 : 7 7 ; Carpenter, 1 9 9 2 : 4 9 1 .
ARNOLDIDRIS (junior s y n o n y m of Orectognathus)
Arnoldidris Brown, 1950c: 143. Type-species:
Orectognathus chyzeri, by original designation.
Arnoldidris provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Orectognathus: Brown, 1973b: 178. Arnoldidris j u n i o r
s y n o n y m of Orectognathus: Taylor, 1977: 5 8 1 .
AROTROPUS (junior s y n o n y m of Amblyopone)
Arotropus Provancher, 1881a: 2 0 5 . Type-species:
Arotropus binodosus (junior s y n o n y m of Amblyopone
pallipes), by m o n o t y p y . Arotropus j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Amblyopone: Provancher, 1887: 2 4 0 .
ASEMORHOPTRUM (junior s y n o n y m of Stenamma)
Asemorhoptrum Mayr, 1 8 6 1 : 76. Type-species: Myrmica
lippula, by m o n o t y p y . Asemorhoptrum j u n i o r syn­
o n y m of Stenamma: Andre, 1883a: 310.
[Asemorhoptrum incorrectly as j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Proatta: Snelling, 1 9 8 1 : 395, in e r r o r ]
ASKETOGENYS (Myrmicinae: Dacetini)
Asketogenys B r o w n , 1 9 7 2 : 2 3 . Type-species: Asketogenys
acubecca, by original designation. [See n o t e u n d e r
Strumigenys.]
ASPHINCTOPONE (Ponerinae: Ponerini)
Asphinctopone Santschi, 1914d: 3 1 8 . Type-species:
Asphinctopone silvestrii, by m o n o t y p y . Asphinctopone
senior s y n o n y m of Lepidopone: B r o w n , 1953h: 2.
ASPIDIDRIS (junior s y n o n y m of Basiceros)
Aspididris Weber, 1950c: 3. Type-species: Aspididris
militaris, by m o n o t y p y . Revision of g e n u s : B r o w n &
Kempf, 1960: 179. Aspididris junior s y n o n y m of
Basiceros: B r o w n , 1974c: 132.
*ASYMPHYLOMYRMEX (Dolichoderinae)
*AsymphylomyrmexVfb.ee\er, W.M. 1915h: 96. Type-spe­
cies: *Asymphylomyrmex balticus, by monotypy.
XATOPODON (subgenus of Acropyga)
Atopodon Forel, 1912m: 771 [as subgenus of Acropyga].
Type-species: Acropyga (Atopodon) inezae, by sub­
sequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 79.
[Atopodon also described as n e w by Forel, 1913k:
100.] Atopodon subgenus of Rhizomyrma: Forel,
1917: 2 4 9 . Atopodon raised to g e n u s : Wheeler, W.M.
1922a: 6 9 5 . Atopodon subgenus of Acropyga: Emery,
1925b: 30. Atopodon provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Acropyga:Brown, 1973b: 178 (unconfirmed).
#ATOPOGYNE (subgenus of Crematogaster)
AtopogyneForel, 191 Id: 343 [as subgenus of
Crematogaster]. Type-species: Crematogaster
(Atopogyne) hellenica, b y subsequent designation of
Wheeler, W.M. 191 If: 159. [Type-species n o t
Crematogaster depressa, unjustified s u b s e q u e n t desig­
n a t i o n by Emery, 1912d: 272; this error repeated in
Emery, 1922e: 154 and in Soulie, 1965: 78.]
Atopogyne raised to g e n u s : Soulie, 1964: 398.
Atopogyne provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Crematogas-
ter: B r o w n , 1973b: 178 (unconfirmed); reverts h e r e
to subgenus of Crematogaster.
ATOPOMYRMEX (Myrmicinae: Foimicoxemni)
Atopomyrmex Andre, 1889: 226. Type-species:
Atopomyrmex mocquerysi, by m o n o t y p y . Revision of
genus: Bolton, 1981b: 2 4 9 .
ATOPULA (junior s y n o n y m of Tetramorium)
Atopula Emery, 1912b: 104. Type-species: Atopomyrmex
nodifer, by original designation. Atopula subgenus of
Vollenhovia: Emery, 1912d: 2 7 3 . Atopula revived sta­
tus as genus: Emery, 1914a: 4 1 . Atopula subgenus of
Terataner: Arnold, 1952b: 129. Atopula j u n i o r syn­
o n y m of Tetramorium: Bolton, 1976: 359; Bolton,
1980: 195.
ATTA (Myrmicinae: Attini)
Atta Fabricius, 1 8 0 4 : 4 2 1 . Type-species: Formica
cephalotes, by subsequent designation of Wheeler,
W.M. 191 If: 159. Atta senior s y n o n y m of Oecodoma:
Roger, 1863b: 35. Atta senior s y n o n y m of Archeatta:
Smith, M.R. 1951a: 832. Atta senior s y n o n y m of
Archeatta, Epiatta, Neoatta, Palaeatta: Weber, 1958a:
8. [Each of these n a m e s has subsequently b e e n res­
urrected from synonymy, see u n d e r respective
entries; t h e y are all r e t u r n e d to t h e s y n o n y m y
here.] Myrmegis (nomen nudum) referable to Atta:
B r o w n , 1973b: 182; see u n d e r Myrmegis. Revision of
genus: Borgmeier, 1959b: 3 2 1 . Bibliography:
Cherrett & Cherrett, 1989: 1; see also Lofgren &
VanderMeer, 1986: 1.
*ATTAICHNUS (Myrmicinae: Attini [ichnotaxon])
*Attaichnus Laza, 1982: 112. Included ichnospecies:
*Attaichnus kuenzelii. fjchnofossil, purportedly fossil
traces of ant workings attributable to attines.]
ATTOMYRMA (junior s y n o n y m of Aphaenogaster)
Attomyrma Emery, 1915d: 70 [as subgenus of
Aphaenogaster]. Type-species: Formica subterranea, by
original designation. Attomyrma provisional j u n i o r
s y n o n y m of Aphaenogaster: B r o w n , 1973b: 178.
Attomyrma j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Aphaenogaster: Bolton,
1982: 364.
*ATTOPSIS (Myrmicinae: unplaced to tribe)
*AttopsisHeer, 1 8 5 0 : 1 5 5 . Type-species: *Attopsis
longipennis, by s u b s e q u e n t designation of Wheeler,
W.M. 191 If: 159.
^AULACOMYRMA (subgenus of Polyrhachis)
Aulacomyrma Emery, 1921e: 17 [as subgenus of Poly­
rhachis]. Type-species: Polyrhachis porcata, by original
designation. Aulacomyrma senior s y n o n y m of
Johnia: Hung, 1967b: 4 0 2 . Aulacomyrma provisional
j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Polyrhachis: Brown, 1973b: 178
(unconfirmed).
Genus- Group Taxa 21
 AULACOPONE (Ponerinae: Ectatorrimini)
Aulacopone Arnol'cii, 1930a: 139. Type-spedes:
Aulacopone relicta, by m o n o t y p y . [Aulacopone also
described as n e w by A m o l ' d i , 1930d: 159.] Reviews
of genus: B r o w n , 1958g: 206; Taylor, 1980c: 3 5 3 .
See also: Lattke, 1 9 9 4 : 1 1 3 .
#AUSTROLASIUS (subgenus of Lasius)
Austrolasius Faber, 1967: 7 4 [as subgenus of Lasius'].
Type-spedes: Lasius carniolicus, by original designa­
tion. Austrolasius provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Lasius:Brown, 1973b: 179 (unconfirmed).
AXINWRIS (Dolichoderinae)
Axinidris Weber, 1941a: 192. Type-spedes: Axinidris
acholli, by original designation. Revision of genus:
Shattuck, 1 9 9 1 : 1 0 5 . Review of g e n u s : Shattuck,
1992c: 4 2 .
AZTECA (Dolichoderinae)
Azteca Forel, 1878: 384. Type-spedes: Liometopum
xanthochroum, by m o n o t y p y . Revisionary studies:
Longino, 1989: l ; L o n g i n o , 1 9 9 1 : 1 5 7 1 . Review of
genus: Shattuck, 1992c: 4 9 . [Aztecum Bertkau,
1 8 7 9 : 1 3 , i n c o r r e d subsequent spelling.] See also:
Shattuck, 1 9 9 4 : 1 0 .
*BAIKURIS (*Sphecomyrminae)
*Baikuris DIussky, 1987: 133. Type-spedes: *Baikuris
mandibularis; by original designation.
BAJCASIDRIS ( F o r m i d n a e : Formicini)
Bajcaridris Agosti, 1994a: 99. Type-spedes: Formica
(Proformica) theryi, b y original designation.
[Bajcaridris Agosti, 1 9 9 1 : 2 9 5 , nomen nudum.]
BARACIDRIS (Myrmicinae: Stenanmiim?)
Baracidris Bolton, 1981b: 2 5 2 . Type-spedes: Baracidris
meketra, by original designation.
BARBOURELLA (junior s y n o n y m of Gnamptogenys)
Barbourella Wheeler, W.M. 1930f: 10 [as subgenus of
Emeryella]. Type-spedes: Emeryella (Barbourella)
banksi, by original designation. Barbourella j u n i o r
s y n o n y m of Gnamptogenys: Brown, 1958g: 212.
BAFJAMYRMA (Myrmicinae: Stenammini)
Bariamyrma Lattke, 1990a: 173. Type-spedes:
Bariamyrma hispidula, by original designation.
BARONIURBANIA (junior s y n o n y m of Lepisiota)
Baroniurbania Pagliano 8- Scaramozzino, 1990: 4 .
Unnecessary replacement n a m e for Acantholepis
Mayr (junior h o m o n y m ) . [Lepisiota is first available
replacement n a m e , see t h e r e a n d u n d e r
Acantholepis.] Baroniur junior s y n o n y m of
Lepisiota: Bolton, 1994: 5 1 .
BASICEROS (Myrmicinae: Basicerotini)
Basiceros Schulz, 1906: 156. Replacement n a m e for
Ceratobasis Smith, 1860c: 7 8 . [Junior h o m o n y m of
Ceratobasis Lacordaire, 1848: 362.] Basiceros senior
s y n o n y m of Aspididris: B r o w n , 1974c: 132. Revi­
sions of genus: B r o w n & Kempf, 1 9 6 0 : 1 7 1 ; B r o w n ,
1974c: 139.
BELONOPELTA (Ponerinae: Ponerini)
Belonopelta Mayr, 1870a: 374. Type-spedes: Belonopelta
attenuata, by m o n o t y p y . Key to s p e d e s : Baroni
Urbani, 1975b: 2 9 8 . Belonopelta senior s y n o n y m of
Leiopelta: Holldobler & Wilson: 1990: 10.
BICONOMYRMA (junior s y n o n y m of Conomyrma)
Biconomyrma Kusnezov, 1952g: 4 2 9 [as subgenus of
Conomyrma]. Type-spedes: Dorymyrmex pyramicus
var. brunneus ( n o w Dorymyrmex brunneus), by sub­
s e q u e n t designation of Kusnezov, 1959: 5 1 .
22 Genus-Group Taxa
Biconomyrma raised to g e n u s : Kusnezov, 1959: 5 1 .
Biconomyrma j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Conomyrma: Smith,
M.R. 1958c: 140; Kempf, 1972a: 7 8 . [Conomyrma
j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Dorymyrmex: Shattuck, 1992c:
78.]
BISOLENOPSIS (junior s y n o n y m of Solenopsis)
Bisolenopsis Kusnezov, 1953d: 9. Type-spedes:
Bisolenopsis sea, by m o n o t y p y . Bisolenopsis j u n i o r syn­
o n y m of Solenopsis: Ettershank, 1966: 134. [Dis-
olenopsis Snelling, 1 9 8 1 : 397, i n c o r r e d subsequent
spelling.]
BLEPHARIDATTA (Myrmicinae: Blepharidattini)
Blepharidatta Wheeler, W.M. 1915e: 4 8 4 . Type-spedes:
Blepharidatta brasiliensis, by m o n o t y p y . Blepharidatta
provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Ochetomyrmex:
B r o w n , 1973b: 179. Blepharidatta valid genus:
Kempf, 1975c: 369; Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J.
1991a: 132.
BONDROITIA (Myrmicinae: Solenopsidini)
Bondroitia Forel, 1911c: 300 (footnote) [as subgenus
of Monomorium]. Type-spedes: Monomorium (Martia)
coecum (junior s y n o n y m of Bondroitia lujae), by
m o n o t y p y . [Bondroitia also described as new, b u t as
subgenus of Diplomorium, by Forel, 191 Id: 398; see
discussion in Bolton, 1 9 8 7 : 2 7 5 . ] Bondroitia raised to
g e n u s : Forel, 1915d: 38; m a i n t a i n e d as g e n u s by
Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 6 6 3 . Bondroitia subgenus of
Diplomorium: Emery, 1922e: 194. Bondroitia j u n i o r
s y n o n y m of Diplomorium: Ettershank, 1966: 98.
Bondroitia revived from synonymy, status as genus,
a n d revision of genus: Bolton, 1 9 8 7 : 2 7 5 .
BORGMEIERITA (junior s y n o n y m of Glamyromyrmex)
Borgmeierita B r o w n , 1953g: 2 3 . Type-spedes:
Codiomyrmex excisus, by original designation.
Borgmeierita j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Glamyromyrmex:
B r o w n , 1973a: 3 5 .
BOTHRIOMYRMEX (Dolichoderinae)
BothriomyrrnexExaerv, 1869c: 117. Type-spedes:
Bothriomyrmex costae, by m o n o t y p y . Revision of
genus: Emery, 1925e: 5 (out of date). Bothriomyrmex
senior s y n o n y m of Chronoxenus, a n d review of
genus: Shattuck, 1992c: 54. See also: Shattuck,
1994:31.
BOTHROPONERA (junior s y n o n y m of Pachycondyla)
Bothroponera Mayr, 1862: 717. Type-spedes: Ponera
pumicosa, b y s u b s e q u e n t designation of Emery,
1901a: 4 2 . Bothroponera subgenus of Pachycondyla:
Emery, 1901a: 4 2 . Bothroponera revived status as
genus: Wheeler, W.M. 1918c: 299 (footnote).
Bothroponera senior s y n o n y m of Pseudoneoponera:
Wilson, 1958d: 3 6 1 . Bothroponera provisional j u n i o r
s y n o n y m of Pachycondyla: B r o w n , 1973b: 179.
Bothroponera j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pachycondyla:
B r o w n , in preparation.
BRACHYMYRMEX (Formicinae: Brachymyrmecini)
Brachymyrmex Mayr, 1868b: 163. Type-spedes:
Brachymyrmex patagonicus, by m o n o t y p y . Subgenera
of Brachymyrmex: n o m i n a l plus Bryscha. Key to spe­
d e s : Santschi, 1923b: 652 (out of date).
BRACHYPONERA (junior s y n o n y m of Pachycondyla)
Brachyponera Emery, 1900c: 315 [as subgenus of
Euponera]. Type-spedes: Euponera (Brachyponera)
croceicornis, by m o n o t y p y . [Brachyponera also
described as n e w b y Emery, 1901a: 4 3 . Type-spedes
n o t Ponera sennaarensis, unjustified s u b s e q u e n t des­
ignation by Emery, 1901a: 43.] Brachyponera raised
to g e n u s : Bingham, 1 9 0 3 : 1 0 1 . Brachyponera subge­
n u s of Euponera: Emery, 1911 d: 8 3; m a i n t a i n e d as
subgenus: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 7 7 7 . Brachyponera
raised to genus: Wilson, 1958d: 346. Brachyponera
provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pachycondyla: Snell­
t
ing, 1 9 8 1 : 389. Brachyponera j u n i o r S n o n y m of
Pachycondyla: B r o w n , in preparation.
*BRADOPONERA (Ponerinae: Proceratiini)
*Bradoponera Mayr, 1868c: 7 3 . Type-spedes:
*Bradoponerameieri, by m o n o t y p y . See also: Lattke,
1994:116.
BRADYPdNERA (junior s y n o n y m of Trapeziopelta)
Bradyponera Mayr, 1886c: 362. Type-spedes: Ponera
nitida (junior p r i m a r y h o m o n y m in Ponera, replaced
by Myopias mayri), by m o n o t y p y . [Bradyponera
Smith, F. 1873: viii, nomen nudum, attributed to
Mayr.] Bradyponera provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Trapeziopelta: Emery, 1911d: 9 3 . Bradyponera j u n i o r
s y n o n y m of Trapeziopelta: Donisthorpe, 1932c: 4 6 8 .
[Trapeziopelta j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Myopias: Willey &
B r o w n , 1983: 249.]
BREGMATOMYRMA ( F o r m i d n a e : Bregmatomyrmini)
Bregmatomyrma Wheeler, W.M. 1929b: 3. Type-spe­
d e s : Bregmatomyrma carnosa, by original designation.
[Bregmatomyrmex Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985:
259, incorrect s u b s e q u e n t spelling.]
BROWNIDRIS (junior s y n o n y m of Ochetomyrmex)
Brownidris Kusnezov, 1957a: 2 7 5 . Type-spedes:
Brownidris argentinus, by original designation.
Review of genus: Ettershank, 1 9 6 6 : 1 0 9 . Brownidris
j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Ochetomyrmex: Kempf, 1975c:
355.
BRUCHOMYRMA (junior s y n o n y m of Pheidole)
Bruchomyrma Santschi, 1922d: 2 4 8 . Type-spedes:
Bruchomyrma acutidens, by m o n o t y p y . Bruchomyrma
provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pheidole: B r o w n ,
1973b: 179. Bruchomyrma j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Pheidole: Smith, D.R. 1979: 1366; Wilson, 1984: 327.
BRUNELLA (junior s y n o n y m of Aphaenogaster)
Brunella Forel, 1917: 234. Type-spedes: Aphaenogaster
belti, by m o n o t y p y . Brunella j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Atopula: Emery, 1922f: 2 4 2 . Brunella j u n i o r syn­
o n y m of Aphaenogaster: Bolton, 1982: 364.
UBRYSCHA (subgenus of Brachymyrmex)
Bryscha Santschi, 1923b: 652 [as subgenus of
Brachymyrmex]. Type-spedes: Brachymyrmex pilipes,
by original designation. Bryscha provisional j u n i o r
s y n o n y m of Brachymyrmex: B r o w n , 1973b: 179
(unconfirmed).
CACOPONE (junior s y n o n y m of Plectroctena)
Cacopone Santschi, 1914d: 325. Type-spedes: Cacopone
hastifer, by m o n o t y p y . Cacopone j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Plectroctena: Bolton, 1974c: 3 1 3 .
CALOMYRMEX (Formicinae: Camponotini)
CalomyrmexEmery, 1895J: 772. Type-spedes: Formica
laevissima, b y m o n o t y p y .
*CALYPTTTES (dubiously F o r m i d d a e )
*Calyptites Scudder, 1877b: 270 [as m e m b e r of family
Braconidae]. Type-spedes: *Calyptites
antediluvianum, by m o n o t y p y . *Calyptites retained in
Braconidae: Scudder, 1 8 9 1 : 629. *Calyptitesin
F o r m i d d a e , position m d e t e n n i n a t e : Carpenter,
1 9 3 0 : 2 1 . *Calyptites probably Braconidae:
Donisthorpe, 1943f: 629. *Calyptites in F o r m i d d a e :
 B r o w n , 1973b: 179. Family assignment remains
unresolved.
CALYPTOMYRMEX (Myrmicinae: Stenammini)
Calyptomyrmex Emery, 1887b: 4 7 1 . Type-species:
Calyptomyrmex beccarii, by m o n o t y p y . Cafyptomyrmex
senior s y n o n y m of Weberidris: Donisthorpe, 1949f:
186; B r o w n , 1949f: 84. Revision of Oriental species:
Baroni Urbani, 1975a: 4 1 0 ; of Afrotropical species:
Bolton, 1981a: 6 1 .
#CAMPOMYRMA (subgenus of Polyrhachis)
Campomyrma Wheeler, W.M. 1911c: 860 [as subgenus
of Polyrhachis]. Type-species: Polyrhachis clypeata
(junior s y n o n y m of Polyrhachis exercita), b y original
designation. Campomyrma provisional j u n i o r syn­
o n y m of Polyrhachis: B r o w n , 1973b: 179
(unconfirmed).
*CAMPONOTITES (Formicinae: Camponotini)
*Camponotites DIussky, 1981b: 76. Type-species:
*Camponotites macropterus, by m o n o t y p y . [It is
' unclear w h e t h e r this w a s i n t e n d e d as a g e n u s -
group n a m e or as a collective group n a m e . H o w ­
ever, as t h e presentation w a s originally "genus
*Camponotites", t h e former is accepted here.]
CAMPONOTUS (Formicinae: Camponotini)
Camponotus Mayr, 1 8 6 1 : 3 5 . Type-species: Formica
ligniperda, by s u b s e q u e n t designation of Bingham,
1903: 347. Subgenera of Camponotus (alphabetical
order w i t h s y n o n y m s indicated): n o m i n a l plus Col-
obopsis, Condylomyrma (junior s y n o n y m of Colobop-
sis), Dinomyrmex, Hypercolbbopsis, Karavaievia,
Manniella, Mayria, Myrmacrhaphe, Myrmamblys,
Myrmaphaenus, Myrmentoma, Myrmepinotus,
Myrmepomis, Myrmespera, Myrmeurynota,
Myrmisolepis, Myrmobrachys, Myrmocamelus (junior
s y n o n y m of Myrmophyma), Myrmocladoecus,
Myrmodirachis, Myrmogigas (junior s y n o n y m of
Dinomyrmex), Myrmogonia, Myrmolophus (junior syn­
o n y m of Myrmepomis), Myrmomalis, Myrmonesites,
Myrmopalpella, Myrmopelta, Myrmophyma,
Myrmopiromis, Myrmoplatypus, Myrmoplatys,
Myrmopsamma, Myrmopytia, Myrmosaga,
Myrmosaulus, Myrmosericus, Myrmosphincta,
Myrmostenus, Myrmotarsus, Myrmotemnus,
Myrmothrix, Myrmotrema, Myrmoturba (junior syn­
o n y m of Tanaemyrmex), Myrmoxygenys, Neocolobopsis
(junior s y n o n y m of Hypercolobopsis), Neomyrmamblys
(junior s y n o n y m of Myrmaphaenus),
Orthonotomyrmex, Orthonotus (junior h o m o n y m ) ,
Paracolobopsis (junior s y n o n y m of Myrmaphaenus),
Paramyrmamblys, Pseudocolobopsis, Rhinomyrmex, Tan­
aemyrmex, Thlipsepinotus. Synopses of subgenera:
Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 7 0 3 ; Emery, 1925b: 62. All
subgenera given as provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m s of
Camponotus: B r o w n , 1973b: 1 7 9 - 1 8 5
(unconfirmed); see u n d e r individual entries. [The
entry of Myrmophyma a n d Thlipsepinotus u n d e r t h e
s y n o n y m y of Camponotus by Taylor & B r o w n , D.R.
1 9 8 5 : 1 0 9 , is n o t accepted as confirmation as n o t all
taxa are included.] Camponotus (subgenus indetermi­
nate) senior s y n o n y m of Dolophra: n e w s y n o n y m .
CAMPOSTIGMACROS (junior s y n o n y m of Stigmacros)
Campostigmacros McAreavey, 1957: 25 [as subgenus of
Stigmacros]. Type-species: Acantholepis aemula, by
original designation. Campostigmacros provisional
j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Stigmacros: B r o w n , 1973b: 179.
Campostigmacros j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Stigmacros: Tay­
lor & B r o w n , D.R. 1985: 145 (accepted as
confirmation).
CAMPTOGNATHA (junior s y n o n y m of Eciton)
Camptognatha Gray, G.R. 1832: 516. Type-species:
Camptognatha testacea (junior s y n o n y m of Eciton
hamatum), by m o n o t y p y . Camptognatha j u n i o r syn­
o n y m oiEciton: Smith, F. 1855c: 160.
[CAMPYLOMYRMA (misspelling)
Campylomyrma Wheeler, W.M. 1934e: 4 2 1 , incorrect
s u b s e q u e n t spelling of Condylomyrma.]
CARDIOCONDYLA (Myrmicinae: Forrmcoxenini)
Cardiocondyla Emery, 1869b: 20. Type-species: Car-
diocondyla elegans, by m o n o t y p y . Cardiocondyla senior
s y n o n y m of Emeryia: Forel, 1892g: 4 6 1 ; Forel,
1892i: 3 1 3 . Cardiocondyla senior s y n o n y m of
Xenometra: Baroni Urbani, 1 9 7 3 : 2 0 0 . Cardiocondyla
senior s y n o n y m of Dyclona, Loncyda a n d Prosopidris:
Bolton, 1982: 309. Revision of Palaearctic species:
Bernard, 1 9 5 6 : 2 9 9 ; of Afrotropical species: Bolton,
1982: 312.
CARDIOPHEIDOLE (junior s y n o n y m of Pheidole)
Cardiopheidole Wheeler, W.M. 1914b: 4 8 [as subgenus
of Pheidole]. Type-species: Pheidole vaslitii, by original
designation. Cardiopheidole j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Pheidole: Emery, 192 If: 84.
CAREBARA (Myrmicinae: Pheidologetonini)
Carebara Westwood, 1840b: 86. Type-species: Carebara
lignata, by m o n o t y p y . Key to Afrotropical species:
Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 172. Review of genus:
Ettershank, 1 9 6 6 : 1 2 5 .
CAREBARELLA (Myrmicinae: Solenopsidini)
Carebarella Emery, 1906c: 137. Type-species: Car-
ebarella bicolor, by m o n o t y p y . Carebarella senior syn­
o n y m of Carebarelloides: Ettershank, 1 9 6 6 : 1 1 3 .
Reviews of genus: Ettershank, 1 9 6 6 : 1 1 3 ; Bolton,
1987: 2 8 6 .
CAREBARELLOIDES (junior s y n o n y m of Carebarella)
Carebarelloides Borgmeier, 1937b: 236 [as subgenus of
Carebarella]. Type-species: Carebarella (Car­
ebarelloides) condei, by original designation. Car­
ebarelloides j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Carebarella:
Ettershank, 1 9 6 6 : 1 1 3 .
*CARIRIDRIS (Myrmeciinae: unplaced to tribe)
*Cariridris B r a n d a o & Martins-Neto, 1990: 2 0 1 . Type-
species: *Cariridris bipetiolata, by original designation.
*CASALEIA (Ponerinae: Amblyoponini)
*Casaleia Pagliano & Scaramozzino, 1990: 5. Replace­
m e n t n a m e for * Protamblyopone DIussky, 1981b: 6 5 .
[Junior h o m o n y m of Protamblyopone Wheeler, W.M.
1927c: 1.]
CATAGLYPHIS (Formicinae: Formicini)
Cataglyphis Foerster, 1850b: 4 9 3 . Type-species:
Cataglyphis fairmairei (junior s y n o n y m of Formica
bicolor), by m o n o t y p y . Cataglyphis j u n i o r s y n o n y m
of Myrmecocystus: Forel, 1878: 372; Forel, 1886f:
2 0 1 ; iMayr, 1886d: 424. Cataglyphis revived from
s y n o n y m y : Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 7 8 . Cataglyphis
senior s y n o n y m of Monocombus: Mayr, 1 8 6 1 : 4 4 ;
s y n o n y m y confirmed by Agosti, 1990a: 1462.
Cataglyphis senior s y n o n y m of Machaeromyrma:
Baroni Urbani, 1969d: 218; s y n o n y m y confirmed
by Agosti, 1990a: 1462. Cataglyphis senior s y n o n y m
of Eomonocombus a n d Paraformica: Agosti, 1990a:
1462. Key to species: Santschi, 1929b: 56 (out of
date). Review of genus: Agosti, 1990a: 1457; Agosti,
1994a: 103.
CATAULACUS (Myrmicinae: Cataulacini)
Cataulacus Smith, F. 1854: 2 2 5 . Type-species: Cataula­
cus taprobanae, by s u b s e q u e n t designation of
Bingham, 1903: 120. Cataulacus senior s y n o n y m of
Otomyrmex, a n d revision of genus: Bolton, 1974a: 1.
Key to Afrotropical species: Bolton, 1982: 354.
CAULOMYRMA (junior s y n o n y m of Nesomyrmex)
Caulomyrma Forel, 1914d: 233 [as subgenus of
Leptothorax]. Type-species: Leptothoraxechinatinodis,
by original designation. Caulomyrma provisional
j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Nesomyrmex: Forel, 1915c: 364.
Caulomyrma j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Nesomyrmex: Emery,
1915g: 24. [Caulomyrma a n d Nesomyrmex j u n i o r syn­
o n y m s of Goniothorax: Emery, 1922f: 249 (incorrect
p r o c e d u r e as Goniothorax is a j u n i o r h o m o n y m , of
w h i c h Nesomyrmex is first available replacement
n a m e , see Smith, M.R. 1950: 30).] [Nesomyrmex
j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Leptothorax: Bolton, 1982: 319.]
#CAUTOLASIUS (subgenus of Lasius)
CautolasiusWilson, 1955a: 13 [as subgenus oiLasius].
Type-species: Formica flava, by original designation.
Revision of subgenus: Wilson, 1955a: 111.
Cautolasius provisional s y n o n y m of Lasius: Brown,
1973b: 179 (unconfirmed).
CENTROMYRMEX (Ponerinae: Ponerini)
Centromyrmex Mayr, 1866b: 894. Type-species: Cen-
tromyrmex bohemanni (junior s y n o n y m of Cen­
tromyrmex brachycola), by m o n o t y p y . Centromyrmex
senior s y n o n y m of Spalacomyrmex: Emery, 1890b:
4 0 . Centromyrmex senior s y n o n y m of Typhloteras:
B r o w n , 1953c: 8. Centromyrmex senior s y n o n y m of
Glyphopone a n d Leptopone: B r o w n , 1963: 9. Cen­
tromyrmex senior s y n o n y m of Promyopias: Bolton,
1994; 164. Revision of Neotropical species: Kempf,
1967b: 4 0 1 .
CEPHALOMORIUM (junior s y n o n y m of
Hendecapheidole)
Cephalomorium Forel, 1922: 91 [as subgenus of
Tetramorium]. Type-species: Tetramorium
(Cephalomorium) bahai, by m o n o t y p y . Cephalomor­
ium j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Hendecapheidole: Santschi,
1925d: 2 2 8 . [Hendecapheidole j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Pheidole: Smith, D.R. 1 9 7 9 : 1 3 6 6 . ]
CEPHALOMYRMA (junior s y n o n y m of Myrmhopla)
Cephalomyrma Karavaiev, 1935a: 115 [as subgenus of
Polyrhachis]. Type-species: Polyrhachis
(Cephalomyrma) stylifera, by m o n o t y p y .
Cephalomyrma j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Myrmhopla: Hung,
1967b: 4 0 2 .
*CEPHALOMYRMEX (Myrmicinae: unplaced to tribe)
*Cephalomyrmex Carpenter, 1930: 37. Type-species:
*Cephalomyrmex rotundatus, by original designation.
CEPHALOTES (Myrrmcinae: Cephalotini)
Cephalotes Latreille, 1802a: 357. Type-species: Formica
atrata, b y m o n o t y p y . Cephalotes j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Cryptocerus: Fabricius, 1 8 0 4 : 4 1 9 . Cephalotes senior
s y n o n y m of Cryptocerus: Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 7 8 ;
Smith, M.R. 1949c: 19; see also discussion in
Kempf, 1 9 5 1 : 105. Revision of genus: Kempf, 1 9 5 1 :
107.
CEPHALOXYS (junior h o m o n y m , see Smithistruma)
Cephaloxys Smith, F. 1 8 6 5 : 7 6 . Type-species: Cephaloxys
capitata, by m o n o t y p y . [Junior h o m o n y m of
Genus-Group Taxa 23
 Cephaloxys Signoret, 1 8 4 7 : 2 9 4 (Hemiptera).]
Stnithistruma B r o w n , 1948e: 104, replacement n a m e
for Cephaloxys Smith.
CEPOBROTICUS (junior s y n o n y m of Megalomyrmex)
Cepohroticus Wheeler, W.M. 1925d: 168 [as subgenus
of Megalomyrmex]. Type-species: Megalomyrmex
(Cepohroticus) symmetochus, by m o n o t y p y . Cepohroti­
cus j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Megalomyrmex: Ettershank,
1966: 1 0 1 .
CERAPACHYS (Cerapachyinae: Cerapachyini)
Cerapachys Smith, F. 1857a: 74. Type-species:
Cerapachys antennatus, by s u b s e q u e n t designation of
Bingham, 1 9 0 3 : 2 8 . Cerapachys senior s y n o n y m of
Ceratopachys: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 7 5 5 . Cerapachys
senior s y n o n y m of Parasyscia a n d Syscia (and its
j u n i o r s y n o n y m Cysias): Kempf, 1972a: 76.
Cerapachys senior s y n o n y m of Chrysapace, Lioponera,
Neophyracaces, Ooceraea, Phyracaces, *Procerapachys,
a n d revision of g e n u s : B r o w n , 1 9 7 5 : 1 8 .
CERATOBASIS (junior h o m o n y m , see Basiceros)
Ceratobasis Smith, F. 1860c: 7 8 . Type-species:
Meranoplus singularis, by m o n o t y p y . [Junior h o m ­
o n y m of Ceratobasis Lacordaire, 1848: 362 (Col-
eoptera).] Basiceros Schulz,1906:156, r e p l a c e m e n t
n a m e for Ceratobasis Smith.
CERATOPACHYS (junior s y n o n y m of Cerapachys)
Ceratopachys Schulz, 1 9 0 6 : 1 5 5 , unjustified e m e n d a ­
tion of Cerapachys. Ceratopachys j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Cerapachys: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 7 5 5 .
CERATOPHEIDOLE (junior s y n o n y m of Pheidole)
Ceratopheidole Pergande, 1896: 889 [as subgenus of
Pheidole]. Type-species: Pheidole (Ceratopheidole)
granulata, by m o n o t y p y . Ceratopheidole raised to
genus: Emery, 1914a: 40; m a i n t a i n e d as genus:
F o r e l , 1 9 1 7 : 2 4 1 ; Emery, 1922e: 112. Ceratopheidole
provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pheidole: B r o w n ,
1973b: 179. Ceratopheidole j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Pheidole: Smith, D.R. 1 9 7 9 : 1 3 6 5 .
CHALCOPONERA (junior s y n o n y m of Rhytidoponera)
Chalcoponera Emery, 1897d: 548. Type-species: Ponera
metallica, by s u b s e q u e n t designation of Emery,
191 Id: 39. Chalcoponera subgenus of Rhytidoponera:
Forel, 1917: 236. Chalcoponera revived status as
genus: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 6 4 3 . Chalcoponera
j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Rhytidoponera: B r o w n , 1953c: 2.
CHALEPOXENUS (Myrmicinae: Formicoxenini)
Chalepoxenus Menozzi, 1923a: 2 5 7 . Type-species:
Chalepoxenusgribodoi (junior s y n o n y m of
Chalepoxenus muellerianus), by m o n o t y p y . [Name of
type-species misspelledgridoboi, p . 257; correct spell­
ing as gribodoi, p . 258.] Chalepoxenus provisional
j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Leptothorax: B r o w n , 1973b: 179.
Chalepoxenus valid genus: Kutter, 1973d: 2 6 9 .
Chalepoxenus senior s y n o n y m of Leonomyrma:
Buschinger, 1 9 8 7 : 1 1 7 . Revision of genus: Kutter,
1973d: 269; R a d c h e n k o , 1989a: 37.
CHAMPSOMYRMEX (junior s y n o n y m of Odontomachus)
ChampsomyrmexEmery, 1892d: 558 (footnote). Type-
species: Odontomachus coquereli, by m o n o t y p y . Cham­
psomyrmex subgenus of Odontomachus: Forel, 1917:
2 3 8 . Champsomyrmex revived status as genus:
Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 6 5 3 . Champsomyrmexprovi­
sional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Odontomachus: B r o w n ,
1973b: 179. Champsomyrmex j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Odontomachus: B r o w n , 1976a: 96.
24 Genus-Group Taxa
CHAPMANELLA (junior s y n o n y m of Euprenolepis)
Chapmanella Wheeler, W.M. 1930d: 4 1 . Type-species:
Chapmanella negrosensis, by original designation.
Chapmanella j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Euprenolepis:
B r o w n , 1953h: 6.
nCHARIOMYRMA (subgenus of Polyrhachis)
Chariomyrma Forel, 1915b: 107 [as subgenus of Poly­
rhachis]. Type-species: Polyrhachisguerini, by original
designation. Chariomyrma provisional j u n i o r syn­
o n y m of Polyrhachis: B r o w n , 1973b: 179
(unconfirmed).
CHARIOSTIGMACROS (junior s y n o n y m of Stigmacros)
Chariostigmacros McAreavey, 1 9 5 7 : 2 3 [as subgenus of
Stigmacros]. Type-species: Stigmacros
(Chariostigmacros) hirsuta, by original designation.
Chariostigmacros provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Stigmacros: B r o w n , 1973b: 179. Chariostigmacros
j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Stigmacros: Taylor & B r o w n , D.R.
1 9 8 5 : 1 4 5 (accepted as confirmation).
CHELANER (junior s y n o n y m of Monomorium)
Chelaner Emery, 1914f:410 [as subgenus of Monomor­
ium]. Type-species: Monomorium (Chelaner)
forcipatum, by s u b s e q u e n t designation of Emery,
1922e: 168. Chelaner raised to genus, a n d senior
s y n o n y m of Notomyrmex, Protholcomyrmex a n d
Schizopelta: Ettershank, 1966: 9 3 . Chelaner j u n i o r
s y n o n y m of Monomorium: Bolton, 1987: 300.
CHELIOMYRMEX ( E d t o n i n a e : Chehomyrmecini)
Cheliomyrmex Mayr, 1870b: 968. Type-species:
Cheliomyrmex nortoni (junior s y n o n y m of
Cheliomyrmex morosus), by m o n o t y p y . Revision of
g e n u s : Borgmeier, 1955b: 62; see also Gotwald,
1 9 7 1 : 1 6 1 . Key t o s p e d e s : Watkins, 1976: 6.
CHELYSTRUMA (Myrmicinae: Dacetini)
Chelystruma B r o w n , 1950a: 33 [as s u b g e n u s of
Glamyromyrmex]. Type-spedes: Glamyromyrmex
(Chelystruma) lilloana, by m o n o t y p y . Chelystruma
raised to g e n u s : Kempf, 1959d: 3 3 8 . Chelystruma
provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Glamyromyrmex:
B r o w n , 1973b: 179 (unconfirmed). [See n o t e u n d e r
Strumigenys.]
CHIMAERIDRIS (Myrmicinae: Pheidolini)
Chimaeridris Wilson, 1989: 6 3 . Type-spedes:
Chimaeridris boltoni, by original designation.
*CHIMAEROMYRMA (Formicinae: Camponotini)
*Chimaeromyrma DIussky, 1988: 58. Type-spedes:
*Chimaeromyrma brachycephala, by original designa­
tion.
CHRONOXENUS (junior s y n o n y m of Bothriomyrmex)
Chronoxenus Santschi, 1919i: 202 [as subgenus of
Bothriomyrmex]. Type-spedes: Bothriomyrmex my ops,
by subsequent designation of Donisthorpe, 1944e:
102. Chronoxenus provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Bothriomyrmex: B r o w n , 1973b: 179. Chronoxenus
j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Bothriomyrmex: Shattuck, 1992c:
54.
CHRYSAPACE (junior s y n o n y m of Cerapachys)
Chrysapace Crawley, 1924: 380. Type-spedes:
Chrysapace jacobsoni (junior secondary h o m o n y m in
Cerapachys, replaced by Cerapachys crawleyi), by
m o n o t y p y . Chrysapace junior s y n o n y m of
Cerapachys:JSrown, 1975: 19.
#CHTHONOLASIVS (subgenus of Lasius)
Chtonolasius Ruzsky, 1912: 630 [as subgenus of Lasius].
Type-spedes: Formica umbrata, by s u b s e q u e n t desig­
n a t i o n of Emery, 1925b: 232. [Chtonolasius also
described as n e w by Ruzsky, 1914a: 59.]
Chthonolasius, justified e m e n d a t i o n of spelling:
Wheeler, W.M. 1916k: 170. [Donisthorpe's (1941f:
37) d a i m t h a t Ruzsky n o m i n a t e d Lasius flavus as
t y p e - s p e d e s is i n c o r r e d . Ruzsky ( 1 9 1 2 : 6 3 0 )
i n d u d e d t h o s e s p e d e s "with t h e appearance of t h e
yellow Lasius (Las.flavusD.G.) a n d its dosely related
s p e d e s , a n d races (Las. carniolicus, Las. umbratus, Las.
myops. Las. mixtus)". This is n o t a d i r e d n o m i n a t i o n
of a type-spedes, n o r is De Geer (D.G.) t h e a u t h o r
of flavus.] Chthonolasius subgenus of Lasius: Wheeler,
W.M. 1922a: 698; Wilson, 1955a: 13. Chthonolasius
provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Lasius: Brown,
1973b: 179 (unconfirmed). Revisions of subgenus:
Wilson, 1955a: 150. Seifert, 1988a: 143; Seifert,
1990: 1.
CLADAROGENYS (Myrmicinae: Dacetini)
Cladarogenys B r o w n , 1976b: 3 3 . Type-spedes:
Cladarogenys lasia, by original designation. Review of
genus: Bolton, 1983: 3 5 3 . [See n o t e u n d e r
Strumigenys^
CLADOMYRMA (Formicinae: Brachymyrmecini)
Cladomyrma Wheeler, W.M. 1920: 53. Type-spedes:
Aphomomyrmex hewitti (junior s y n o n y m of
Cladomyrma andrei), by original designation. Revi­
sion of g e n u s : Agosti, 1 9 9 1 : 2 9 3 .
CLARKISTRUMA (junior s y n o n y m of Colobostruma)
Clarkistruma B r o w n , 1948e: 124. Type-spedes:
Epopostruma alinodis, by original designation. Clar­
kistruma j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Colobostruma: B r o w n ,
1959c: 1.
CLAVANODA (junior s y n o n y m of Pseudomyrmex)
Clavanoda E n z m a n n , E.V. 1944: 61 [as "branch" of
Pseudomyrma]. Type-spedes: Formica gracilis, by origi­
nal designation. Clavanoda j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Pseudomyrmex: Ward, 1 9 9 0 : 4 6 9 .
CODIOMYRMEX (Myrmicinae: Dacetini)
Codiomyrmex Wheeler, WJV1.1916d: 326. Type-spedes:
Codiomyrmex thoxteri, by m o n o t y p y . Review of
genus: B r o w n , 1948e: 115. Codiomyrmex provisional
j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Glamyromyrmex: B r o w n , 1973b:
179 (unconfirmed). [See n o t e u n d e r Strumigenys.]
CODIOXENXIS (Myrmicinae: Dacetini)
Codioxenus Santschi, 1931c: 2 7 8 [as subgenus of
Epitritus]. Type-spedes: Epitritus (Codioxenus)
simulans, by m o n o t y p y . Codioxenus raised to g e n u s :
B r o w n , 1948e: 123. [See n o t e u n d e r Strumigenys.]
#COLOBOCREMA (subgenus of Crematogaster)
Colobocrema Wheeler, W.M. 1927f: 31 [as s u b g e n u s of
Crematogaster]. Type-spedes: Crematogaster (Col­
obocrema) cylindriceps, b y m o n o t y p y . Colobocrema p r o ­
visional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Crematogaster: B r o w n ,
1973b: 179 (unconfirmed).
#COLOBOPSIS (subgenus of Camponotus)
Colobopsis Mayr, 1 8 6 1 : 38. Type-spedes: Formica
truncata, by subsequent designation of Bingham,
1903: 342. Colobopsis subgenus of Camponotus:
Emery, 1889b: 517. Colobopsis senior s y n o n y m of
Condylomyrma: Wheeler, W.M. 1934e: 4 2 2 (in text).
Colobopsis provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Camponotus:Brown, 1973b: 179 (unconfirmed).
COLOBOSTRUMA (Myrmicinae: Dacetini)
Colobostruma Wheeler, W.M. 1927f: 32 [as subgenus of
Epopostruma]. Type-spedes: Epopostruma (Col-
 obostruma) leae, by m o n o t y p y . Colobostruma raised to
genus: Brown, 1948e: 118. Colobostruma senior syn­
o n y m of Alistruma a n d Clarkistruma: B r o w n , 1959c:
1; B r o w n & Wilson, 1959b: 2 8 1 .
COMMATETA (junior s y n o n y m of Gnamptogenys)
Commateta Santschi, 1929h: 4 7 6 [as subgenus of
Ectatomma]. Type-species: Ectatomma (Parectatomma)
bruchi, by original designation. Commateta j u n i o r
s y n o n y m of Gnamptogenys: B r o w n , 1958g: 2 1 2 .
CONCOCTIO (Ponerinae: Amblyoponini)
Concoctio B r o w n , 1974d: 2 9 . Type-species: Concoctio con-
centa, by original designation.
CONDYLODON (dubiously Formicidae (Ponerinae?))
Condylodon Lund, 1831a: 1 3 1 . Type-spedes: Con-
dylodon audouini, by m o n o t y p y . Condylodon a m e m ­
ber of family Mutillidae?: Swainson & Shuckard,
1 8 4 0 : 1 7 3 . Condylodon j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Pseudomyrma: Dalla Torre, 1893: 5 5 . Condylodon a
m e m b e r of P o n e r i n a e ? : Emery, 1921f: 2 8 (foot­
n o t e ) . Condylodon n o t m e m b e r of
Pseudomyrmecinae, dubiously m e m b e r of Pon­
erinae: Ward, 1 9 9 0 : 4 7 1 .
CONDYLOMYRMA (junior s y n o n y m of Colobopsis)
Condylomyrma Santschi, 1928c: 72 [as subgenus of
Camponotus]. Type-spedes: Camponotus (Con­
dylomyrma) bryani, by m o n o t y p y . Condylomyrma
junior s y n o n y m of Colobopsis: Wheeler, W.M. 1934e:
422 (in t e x t ) . [Campylomyrma: see above.]
CONOMYRMA (junior s y n o n y m of Dorymyrmex)
Conomyrma Forel, 1913b: 350 (in text) [as subgenus of
Dorymyrmex]. Type-spedes: Prenolepis pyramica, by
subsequent designation of Santschi, 1922b: 365.
Conomyrma raised to g e n u s : Kusnezov, 1952g: 4 2 9 .
Conomyrma senior s y n o n y m of Biconomyrma: Smith,
M.R. 1958c: 140; Kempf, 1972a: 7 8 . Conomyrma p r o ­
visional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Dorymyrmex: B r o w n ,
1973b: 179. Conomyrma senior s y n o n y m of
Araucomyrmex: Snelling, 1 9 8 1 : 4 0 2 . Conomyrma
j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Dorymyrmex: Shattuck, 1992c: 7 7 .
CONOTHORACOIDES (junior s y n o n y m of Pheidole)
Conothoracoides Strand, 1 9 3 5 : 1 7 6 . Replacement n a m e
for Conothorax Karavaiev. [Junior h o m o n y m of Con-
othorox Jekel, 1854: 9 b i s (foldoutpages).] Con­
othoracoides provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pheidole:
Brown, 1973b: 179. Conothoracoides j u n i o r s y n o n y m
of Pheidole: Smith, D.R. 1 9 7 9 : 1 3 6 6 .
CONOTHORAX (junior h o m o n y m , see Conothoracoides)
*CRETACOFORMICA (dubiously F o r m i d d a e )
ConothoraxKaravaiev, 1935a: 7 5 . Type-spedes: Con­
*Cretacoformica Jell & D u n c a n , 1 9 8 6 : 1 9 0 . Type-spedes:
othorax bilobum, by m o n o t y p y . [Junior h o m o n y m of
Conothorax Jekel, 1854: 9 bis (foldout pages) (Col-
eoptera).] Conothoracoides Strand, 1 9 3 5 : 1 7 6 , re­
*CRETOMYRMA (*Sphecomynninae)
placement n a m e for Conothorax Karavaiev.
*Cretomyrma DIussky, 1 9 7 5 : 1 1 5 . Type-spedes:
COPTOFORMICA (junior s y n o n y m of Formica)
Coptoformica Muller, 1 9 2 3 : 1 4 6 [as subgenus oi For­
mica] . Type-spedes: Formica exsecta, b y subsequent
*CRETOPONE (*Armaniinae)
designation of Donisthorpe, 1941f: 3 7 . Coptoformica
*Cretopone DIussky, 1 9 7 5 : 1 1 9 . Type-spedes: *Cretopone
senior s y n o n y m oi Adformica: Stitz, 1939: 306.
Coptoformica j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Formica: Smith,
M.R. 1951a: 860; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1448; Agosti,
1994a: 107.
CORYNOMYRMEX (junior s y n o n y m of Monomorium)
CorynomyrmexViehmeyer, 1916a: 133 [as subgenus of
Monomorium]. Type-spedes: Monomorium
(Corynomyrmex) hospitum, by m o n o t y p y .
Corynomyrmex provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Monomorium: Ettershank, 1966:82. Corynomyrmex
j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Monomorium: Bolton, 1 9 8 7 : 2 8 7 .
COSMAECETES (junior s y n o n y m of Typhlopone)
Cosmaecetes Spinola, 1851b: 54. Type-spedes: Cos-
maecetes homalinus (junior s y n o n y m of Dorylus
fulvus), b y m o n o t y p y . [Also described as n e w by
Spinola, 1853: 70.] Cosmaecetes ]unior s y n o n y m of
Typhlopone: Smith, F. 1858b: 110. [Cosmaegetes Dalla
Torre, 1893: 9, i n c o r r e d s u b s e q u e n t spelling.]
CRATEROPSIS (junior s y n o n y m of Oligomyrmex)
Crateropsis Patrizi, 1 9 4 8 : 1 7 4 [as subgenus of Solenop-
sis]. Type-spedes: Solenopsis (Crateropsis) elmenteitae,
by original designation. Crateropsis j u n i o r s y n o n y m
of Oligomyrmex: Ettershank, 1 9 6 6 : 1 2 0 .
CRATOMYRMEX (junior s y n o n y m of Messor)
Cratomyrmex Emery, 1892d: 572. Type-spedes:
Cratomyrmex regalis, by m o n o t y p y . Cratomyrmex sub­
g e n u s of Messor: Santschi, 1920d: 3 7 8 . Cratomyrmex
j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Messor: Emery, 1922f: 357.
Cratomyrmex revived from s y n o n y m y w i t h status as
genus: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 802; m a i n t a i n e d as
genus: Bernard, 1 9 7 1 : 6. Cratomyrmex j u n i o r syn­
o n y m of Messor: Bolton, 1982: 3 3 8 .
CREIGHTONIDRIS (Myrmicinae: Basicerotini)
Creightonidris B r o w n , 1949f: 89. Type-spedes:
Creightonidris scambognatha, by original designation.
Review of g e n u s : B r o w n & Kempf, 1 9 6 0 : 1 7 8 .
CREMATOGASTER (Myrmicinae: Crematogastrmi)
Crematogaster Lund, 1831a: 132. Type-spedes: Formica
scutellaris, by s u b s e q u e n t designation of Bingham,
1 9 0 3 : 1 2 4 . [Type-spedes n o t Formica acuta,
unjustified s u b s e q u e n t designation by Emery,
1912d: 2 7 2 ; this error repeated in, for example,
Emery, 1922e: 128 a n d Soulie, 1965:78.]
Crematogaster senior s y n o n y m of Acrocoelia: Mayr,
1 8 6 3 : 4 0 4 (see also B u r e n , 1 9 5 9 : 1 2 5 ; Kempf,
1972a: 81). Crematogaster senior s y n o n y m of
Tranopeltoides: Kempf, 1960c: 173. [Cremastogaster
Mayr, 1 8 6 1 : 7 4 (and m a n y later a u t h o r s ) , i n c o r r e d
s u b s e q u e n t spelling. Discussion of spelling: Emery,
1912d: 272 (footnote); Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 7 8 ;
Donisthorpe, 1941f: 36 a n d B u r e n , 1 9 5 9 : 1 2 5 . ] Sub­
genera of Crematogaster: n o m i n a l plus Apterocrema,
Atopogyne, Colobocrema, Decacrema, Eucrema,
Mesocrema, Nematocrema, Neocrema, Orthocrema, Oxy-
gyne, Paracrema, Physocrema, Rhachiocrema,
Sphaerocrema, Xiphocrema.
*Cretacoformica explicata, by original designation.
[This is almost certainly n o t a n ant.]
*Cretomyrma arnoldii, by original designation.
magna, b y original designation. *Cretopone trans­
ferred from P o n e r i n a e to *Armaniidae: DIussky &
Fedoseeva, 1 9 8 7 : 7 7 . *Cretopone possible j u n i o r syn­
o n y m of *Sphecomyrma: Holldobler & Wilson, 1990:
9.
CROESOMYRMEX (junior s y n o n y m of Macromischa)
Croesomyrmex M a n n , 1 9 2 0 : 4 0 8 [as subgenus of
Macromischa]. Type-spedes: Macromischa
(Croesomyrmex) wheeleri, by original designation.
Croesomyrmex raised to genus: Wheeler, W.M.
1931b: 4 (in text). Croesomyrmex j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Macromischa: Smith, M.R. 1937: 849; Smith, M.R.
1939e: 502. [Macromischa j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Leptothorax: Snelling, 1986: 154.]
[CRYPTOCEPHALUS (misspelling)
Cryptocephalus Lowne, 1865: 336, i n c o r r e d sub­
s e q u e n t spelling of Cryptocerus in t h e combination
Cryptocephalus pubescens; current combination
Meranoplus pubescens.]
CRYPTOCERUS (junior s y n o n y m of Cephalotes)
Cryptocerus Latreille, 1803: 3 1 1 . Type-spedes: Formica
atrata, b y s u b s e q u e n t designation of Latreille, 1810:
4 3 7 . [Type-spedes n o t Cryptocerus umbraculatus,
unjustified s u b s e q u e n t designation b y Emery,
1914c: 38, repeated in Emery, 1922f: 305.]
Cryptocerus j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Cephalotes: Wheeler,
W.M. 1913a: 78; Smith, M.R. 1949c: 19; see also dis­
cussion i n Kempf, 1 9 5 1 : 105.
CRYPTOPONE (Ponerinae: Ponerini)
Cryptopone Emery, 1893a: cclxxv. Type-spedes:
Cryptopone testacea, b y m o n o t y p y . [Type-spedes n o t
Amblyopone testacea; see discussion in Wilson, 1958d:
360.] [Cryptopone also described as n e w by Emery,
1893f: 240.] Key to Melanesian s p e d e s : Wilson,
1958d: 357; see also n o t e s in B r o w n , 1963: 6.
*CTENOBETHYLUS (junior s y n o n y m of Liometopum)
*Ctenobethylus Brues, 1 9 3 9 : 2 6 1 [as m e m b e r of family
Bethylidae]. Type-spedes: *Ctenobethylussuccinalis,
by original designation. *Ctenobethylus j u n i o r syn­
o n y m of Iridomyrmex: B r o w n , 1 9 7 7 : 2 1 3 .
*Ctenobethylus j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Liometopum:
Shattuck, 1992c: 1 2 1 .
CTENOPYGA (junior s y n o n y m of Acanthostichus)
Ctenopyga A s h m e a d , 1 9 0 6 : 2 9 . Type-spedes: Ctenopyga
townsendi (junior s y n o n y m oi Acanthostichus
texanus), by original designation. Ctenopyga subge­
n u s of Acanthostichus: Emery, 191 I d : 13. Ctenopyga
provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Acanthostichus:
B r o w n , 1973b: 179. Ctenopyga revived status as
genus, and review of g e n u s : B r o w n , 1 9 7 5 : 4 2 .
Ctenopyga j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Acanthostichus:
MacKay, in preparation.
CYATHOCEPHALUS (junior h o m o n y m , see
Cyathomyrmex)
Cyathocephalus Emery, 1915i: 192 [as subgenus of
Cryptocerus]. Type-spedes: Cryptocerus pollens, by orig­
inal designation. [Junior h o m o n y m of
Cyathocephalus Kessler, 1 8 6 8 : 1 3 5 ( C e s t o d a ) . ]
Cyathomyrmex Creighton, 1 9 3 3 : 1 0 0 , r e p l a c e m e n t
n a m e for Cyathocephalus Emery.
CYATHOMYRMEX (junior s y n o n y m of Paracryptocerus)
Cyathomyrmex Creighton, 1 9 3 3 : 1 0 0 [as subgenus of
Cryptocerus]. Replacement n a m e for Cyathocephalus
Emery, above. [Junior h o m o n y m of Cyathocephalus
Kessler, 1 8 6 8 : 1 3 5 . ] Cyathomyrmex subgenus of
Paracryptocerus: Smith, M.R. 1949c: 2 1 .
Cyathomyrmex j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Paracryptocerus:
Kempf, 1972a: 175. [Paracryptocerus j u n i o r syn­
o n y m of Zacryptocerus: Kempf, 1973c: 460.]
CYLINDROMYRMEX (Cerapachyinae: Cyl-
mdromymiedni)
Cylindromyrmex Mayr, 1870b: 9 6 7 . Type-spedes: Cyl­
indromyrmex striatals, b y m o n o t y p y . Cylindromyrmex
subgenus of Cerapachys: Forel, 18921:243. Cyl-
Genus-Group Taxa 25
 indromyrmex revived status as genus: Dalla Torre,
1 9 8 3 : 1 6 . Cylindromyrmex senior s y n o n y m of
Holcoponera C a m e r o n (junior h o m o n y m ) : Forel,
1892f: 256. Cylindromyrmex senior s y n o n y m of
Hypocylindromyrmex a n d Metacylindromyrmex, a n d
revision of genus: B r o w n , 1975: 36.
CYPHOIDRJS (Myrmicinae: Stenanrmini)
Cyphoidris Weber, 1952: 26. Type-species: Cyphoidris
spinosa, by original designation. Cyphoidris provi­
sional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Lordomyrma: B r o w n ,
1973b: 179. Cyphoidris valid genus, a n d revision of
genus: Bolton, 1981b: 257.
CYPHOMANNIA (junior s y n o n y m of Cyphomyrmex)
Cyphomannia Weber, 1938b: 183 [as subgenus of
Cyphomyrmex]. Type-species: Cyphomyrmex
(Cyphomannia) laevigatas, by original designation.
Cyphomannia j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Cyphomyrmex:
Kempf, 1962b: 29. Cyphomannia revived from syn­
onymy: Weber, 1966: 166. Cyphomannia j u n i o r syn­
o n y m of Cyphomyrmex: Kempf, 1972a: 92.
CYPHOMYRMEX (Myrmicinae: Attini)
Cyphomyrmex Mayr, 1862: 690. Type-species:
Cyphomyrmex minutus, by monotypy. [Type-species
n o t Cyphomyrmex difformis, unjustified subsequent
designation by Emery, 1922f: 340.] Cyphomyrmex
subgenus of Atta: Forel, 1912e: 188. Cyphomyrmex
revived status as genus: Bruch, 1914: 217; Emery,
1914a: 42. Cyphomyrmex senior s y n o n y m of
Cyphomannia: Kempf, 1962b: 29; Kempf, 1972a: 92.
Revisions of genus: Kempf, 1964d: 1; Kempf, 1966:
161, Snelling & Longino, 1 9 9 2 : 4 7 9 .
#CYRTOMYRMA (subgenus of Polyrhachis)
Cyrtomyrma Forel, 1915b: 107 [as subgenus of Poly­
rhachis]. Type-species: Formica rastellata, by original
designation. Cyrtomyrma provisional j u n i o r syn­
o n y m of Polyrhachis: B r o w n , 1973b: 179
(unconfirmed). Revision of subgenus: Donisthorpe,
1938c: 246 (out of date).
CYRTOSTIGMACROS (junior s y n o n y m of Stigmacros)
Cyrtostigmacros McAreavey, 1957: 35 [as subgenus of
Stigmacros]. Type-species: Acantholepis (Acrostigma)
australis, by original designation. Cyrtostigmacros p r o ­
visional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Stigmacros: B r o w n ,
1973b: 179. Cyrtostigmacros j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Stigmacros: Taylor & B r o w n , D.R. 1985: 145
(accepted as confirmation).
CYSIAS (junior s y n o n y m of Syscia)
Cysias Emery, 1902c: 2 4 [as subgenus of Cerapachys].
Type-species: Ooceraea papuana, b y original designa­
tion. Cysias raised to genus: Ashmead, 1905b: 382.
Cysias j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Syscia: Emery, 191 Id: 10.
[Syscia j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Cerapachys: Kempf,
1972a: 76; see also B r o w n , 1975:19.]
DACATRIA (Myrmicinae: Stenammini)
Dacatria Rigato, 1994b: 155. Type-species: Dacatria tem-
plaris, by original designation.
DACETINOPS (Myrrmcinae: Stenammini)
Dacetinops B r o w n & Wilson, 1957a: 1. Type-species:
Dacetinops cibdelus, by original designation. Revision
of genus: Taylor, 1 9 8 5 : 4 1 .
DACETON (Myrmicinae: Dacetini)
Daceton Perty, 1833: 136. Type-species: Formica
armigera, by m o n o t y p y . Daceton senior s y n o n y m of
Dacetum: Brown, 1973b: 179.
DACETUM (junior s y n o n y m of Daceton)
26 Genus-Group Taxa
Dacetum Agassiz, 1848: 332, unjustified e m e n d a t i o n of
Daceton. Dacetum j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Daceton: B r o w n ,
1973b: 179.
DACRYON (junior s y n o n y m of Podomyrma)
Dacryon Forel, 1895f: 4 2 1 . Type-species: Dacryon
omniparens, by m o n o t y p y . Dacryon provisional
j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Podomyrma: B r o w n , 1973b: 179.
Dacryon j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Podomyrma: Taylor &
Brown, D.R. 1985: 80 (accepted as confirmation).
#DECACREMA (subgenus of Crematogaster)
Decacrema Forel, 1910a: 18 [as subgenus of Crematogas­
ter]. Type-spedes: Crematogaster schencki, by sub­
sequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1911 f: 161.
[Decacrema also described as n e w by Forel, 1910f: 9.]
Decacrema raised to genus: Soulie, 1964: 398.
Decacrema provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Crematogas-
ter: B r o w n , 1973b: 179 (unconfirmed); h e r e reverts
to subgenus of Crematogaster. [Decracrema Arnold,
1920a: 547, incorrect subsequent spelling.]
DECAMERA (junior h o m o n y m , see Hincksidris)
Decamera Roger, 1863a: 166. Type-species: Decamera
nigella, by m o n o t y p y . [Junior h o m o n y m of
Decamera Mulsant, 1842: 503 (Coleoptera).]
Hincksidris Donisthorpe, 1944b: 59, replacement
n a m e for Decamera Roger. Decamera Roger j u n i o r
s y n o n y m of Myrmelachista: Forel, 1878: 376; m a i n ­
tained as j u n i o r s y n o n y m : Mayr, 1887: 525; Dalla
Torre, 1 8 9 3 : 1 7 4 . Decamera Roger revived from syn­
o n y m y as subgenus of Myrmelachista:Forel, 1886f:
214; m a i n t a i n e d as subgenus: Forel, 1917: 249;
Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 696; Emery, 1925b: 32.
DECAMORIUM (Myrmicinae: Tetramoriini)
Decamorium Forel, 1913a: 121 [as subgenus of
Tetramorium]. Type-species: Tetramorium (Decamor­
ium) decern, by m o n o t y p y . Decamorium raised to
genus: Emery, 1914a: 4 2 ; m a i n t a i n e d as genus:
Wheeler, 1922a: 906. Revision of genus: Bolton,
1976:297.
DECAPHEIDOLE (junior s y n o n y m of Pheidole)
Decapheidole Forel, 1912f: 2 3 7 [as subgenus of
Pheidole]. Type-species: Pheidoleperpusilla, by sub­
s e q u e n t designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 80.
Decapheidole raised to genus: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a:
661; m a i n t a i n e d as genus: Borgmeier, 1927c: 78.
Decapheidole provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pheidole:
Brown, 1973b: 180. Decapheidole j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Pheidole: Smith, D.R. 1979: 1366.
#DENDROLASIUS (subgenus oi Lasius)
Dendrolasius Ruzsky, 1912: 630 [as subgenus of
Lasius]. Type-species: Formica fuliginosa, by
monotypy. [Dendrolasius also described as n e w b y
Ruzsky, 1914a: 59.] Dendrolasius subgenus of
Formicina: Forel, 1917: 249. Dendrolasius subgenus
of Lasius: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 698; m a i n t a i n e d as
subgenus: Wilson, 1955a: 14. Dendrolasius provi­
sional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Lasius: B r o w n , 1973b: 180
(unconfirmed). Revisions of subgenus: Wilson,
1955a: 138; Kupyanskaya, 1989: 779.
DENDROMYRMEX (Formicinae: Camponotini)
Dendromyrmex Emery, 1895J: 772. Type-species: For­
mica chartifex, b y s u b s e q u e n t designation of
Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 1 6 1 .
DEROMYRMA (junior s y n o n y m oi Aphaenogaster)
Deromyrma Forel, 1913b: 350 [as subgenus of
Aphaenogaster]. Type-spedes: Aphaenogaster
(Ischnomyrmex) swammerdami, by original designa­
tion. [Deromyrma also described as n e w by Forel,
1913k: 49.] Deromyrma provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m
of Aphaenogaster: B r o w n , 1973b: 180. Deromyrma
j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Aphaenogaster: Bolton, 1982: 364.
DESCOLEMYRMA (junior s y n o n y m of Mycocepurus)
Descolemyrma Kusnezov, 195 Id: 4 6 0 . Type-spedes:
Descolemyrma ogloblini (junior s y n o n y m of
Mycocepurus goeldii), by m o n o t y p y . Descolemyrma
j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Mycocepurus: Kempf, 1963b: 4 1 8 .
DLABOLUS (junior h o m o n y m , see Karawajewella)
Diabolus Karavaiev, 1926d: 4 2 4 [as subgenus of
Dolichoderus]. Type-spedes: Dolichoderus (Diabolus)
bifurcatus (junior s y n o n y m of Dolichoderus
cuspidatus), by original designation. [Junior h o m ­
o n y m of Diabolus Gray, J.E. 1 8 4 1 : 400
(Mammalia).] Karawajewella Donisthorpe, 1944b:
59, replacement n a m e for Diabolus Karavaiev.
DIACAMMA (Ponerinae: Ponerini)
Diacamma Mayr, 1862: 7 1 8 . Type-spedes: Ponera
rugosa, by subsequent designation of Bingham,
1903:75.
DIAGYNE (junior s y n o n y m of Solenopsis)
Diagyne Santschi, 1923c: 2 6 8 [as subgenus of Solenop­
sis]. Type-spedes: Solenopsis succinea by monotypy.
Diagyne j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Solenopsis: Ettershank,
1966: 134.
DICERATOCLINEA (junior s y n o n y m of Dolichoderus)
DiceratoclineaWheeler, W.M. 1935c: 69 [as subgenus
of Dolichoderus]. Type-spedes: Dolichoderus scabridus,
by original designation. Diceratoclinea raised to
g e n u s : Brown, 1950e: 2 4 9 . Diceratoclinea provisional
j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Dolichoderus: Brown, 1973b: 180.
Diceratoclinea j u n i o r s y n o n y m oi Dolichoderus:
Shattuck, 1992c: 66.
DICHOTHORAX (junior s y n o n y m of Leptothorax)
Dichothorax Emery, 1895c: 323 [as subgenus of
Leptothorax]. Type-spedes: Leptothorax (Dichothorax)
pergandei, by subsequent designation of Wheeler,
W.M. 191 If: 1 6 1 . Dichothorax provisional j u n i o r syn­
o n y m of Leptothorax: B r o w n , 1973b: 180. Dichothorax
j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Leptothorax: Bolton, 1982: 319.
#DICHTHADIA (subgenus of Dorylus)
Dichthadia Gerstacker, 1863: 9 3 . Type-spedes: Dichtha-
dia glaberrima (junior s y n o n y m of Dorylus
laevigatus), by m o n o t y p y . Dichthadia j u n i o r syn­
o n y m of Dorylus: Dalla Torre, 1893: 9. Dichthadia
revived from s y n o n y m y as subgenus of Dorylus:
Emery, 1895J: 702. Dichthadia provisional j u n i o r
s y n o n y m of Dorylus: B r o w n , 1973b: 180
(unconfirmed).
DICROASPIS (Myrmicinae: Stenammini)
Dicroaspis Emery, 1908b: 184. Type-spedes: Dicroaspis
cryptocera, by m o n o t y p y . Dicroaspis subgenus of
Cafyptomyrmex: Emery, 1915g: 15. Dicroaspis revived
status as g e n u s : Wheeler, W.M. 1935a: 7 (in key).
Dicroaspis provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Cafyptomyrmex: B r o w n , 1973b: 180. Dicroaspis valid
genus, senior s y n o n y m of Geognomicus, a n d revision
of genus: Bolton, 1981a: 56.
DILOBOCONDYLA (Myrrmcinae: Formicoxenini)
Dilobocondyla: Santschi, 1910h: 2 8 3 . Type-spedes:
Atopomyrmex selebensis, by subsequent designation of
Wheeler, W.M. 191 If: 162. Dilobocondyla senior syn-
 o n y m of Mesomyrma: Emery, 1912b: 102. Key to spe­
d e s : Wheeler, W.M. 1924b: 2 4 8 .
DLMORPHOMYRMEX (junior s y n o n y m of Gesomyrmex)
Dimorphomyrmex Andre, 1892b: 4 9 . Type-spedes:
Dimorphomyrmexjaneti" (junior s y n o n y m of
Gesomyrmex chaperi), by m o n o t y p y . Dimorphomyrmex
junior s y n o n y m of Gesomyrmex: Wheeler, W.M.
1929a: 1.
#DINOMYRMEX (subgenus of Camponotus)
Dinomyrmex Ashmead, 1905b: 384. Type-spedes: For­
mica gigas, by original designation. Dinomyrmex sub­
genus of Camponotus: Forel, 1913b: 350. Dinomyrmex
senior s y n o n y m of Myrmogigas: Forel, 1913b: 350
(in text). Dinomyrmex provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Camponotus:Brown, 1973b: 180 (unconfirmed).
DINOPONERA (Ponerinae: Ponerini)
Dinoponera Roger, 1861a: 37. Type-spedes: Ponera
grandis (junior s y n o n y m of Dinoponeragigantea), by
monotypy. Revision of g e n u s : Kempf, 1 9 7 1 : 369.
DIODONTOLEPIS (junior s y n o n y m of Notoncus)
Diodontolepis Wheeler, W.M. 1920: 5 3 . Type-spedes:
Melophorus spinisquamis, by original designation.
Diodontolepis j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Melophorus: Emery,
192 5b: 1 1 . Diodontolepis revived from s y n o n y m y :
Wheeler, W.M. 1935c: 7 1 . Diodontolepis j u n i o r syn­
o n y m of Notoncus: B r o w n , 1 9 5 5 d : 4 7 7 .
DIPLOMORIUM (Myrmicinae: Solenopsidini)
Diplomorium Mayr, 1901b: 16. Type-spedes: Diplomor­
ium longipenne, by m o n o t y p y . Review of genus:
Ettershank, 1966: 98. Revision of genus: Bolton,
1987:278.
DIPLORHOPTRUM (junior s y n o n y m of Solenopsis)
Diplorhoptrum Mayr, 1 8 5 5 : 4 4 9 . Type-spedes: Formica
fugax, b y m o n o t y p y . Diplorhoptrum j u n i o r s y n o n y m
of Solenopsis: Mayr, 1862: 7 5 1 ; m a i n t a i n e d as such:
Forel, 1915d: 9; Emery, 1922e: 195; Wheeler, W.M.
1922a: 8 7 7 . Diplorhoptrum revived from s y n o n y m y
as subgenus of Solenopsis: Creighton, 1930b: 4 3 ;
m a i n t a i n e d as such: Kusnezov, 1962b: 160.
Diplorhoptrum j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Solenopsis:
Ettershank, 1966: 134. Diplorhoptrum revived from
s y n o n y m y with status as genus: Baroni Urbani,
1968a: 68. Diplorhoptrum j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Solenop-
sis:Kempf, 1972a: 232; Bolton, 1987: 2 8 5 .
DISCOTHYREA (Ponerinae: Proceratiini)
Discothyrea Roger, 1863a: 176. Type-spedes: Discothyrea
testacea, by m o n o t y p y . Discothyrea senior s y n o n y m of
Prodiscothyrea a n d Pseudosysphincta, a n d revision of
genus: B r o w n , 1958g: 248; see also B r o w n , 1958j:
115. Key to Neotropical s p e d e s : Weber, 1939a: 99.
See also: Lattke, 1 9 9 4 : 1 1 3 .
*DLUSSKYIDRIS (*Sphecomyrminae)
*Dlusskyidris Bolton, 1 9 9 4 : 1 8 7 . Replacement n a m e for
*PalaeomyrmexDIussky, 1 9 7 5 : 1 1 8 . [Junior h o m ­
o n y m of *PalaeomyrmexB.eer, 1865: 91.]
DODECAMYRMICA (junior s y n o n y m of Myrmica)
Dodecamyrmica Amol'di, 1 9 6 8 : 1 8 0 3 [as subgenus of
Myrmica]. Type-spedes: Myrmica arnoldii, by original
designation. Dodecamyrmica provisional j u n i o r syn­
o n y m of Myrmica: B r o w n , 1973b: 180.
Dodecamyrmica j u n i o r s y n o n y m oi Myrmica:
Francoeur, 1 9 8 1 : 759.
DODOUS (junior s y n o n y m of Pristomyrmex)
Dodous Donisthorpe, 1946f: 145. Type-spedes: Dodous
trispinosus, by original designation. Dodous j u n i o r
s y n o n y m of Pristomyrmex: B r o w n , 1971a: 3.
DOLEROMYRMA (DoHchoderinae)
Doleromyrma Forel, 1907a: 2 8 [as subgenus of
Tapinoma]. Type-spedes: Tapinoma (Doleromyrma)
darwinianum, by m o n o t y p y . Doleromyrma subgenus
of Iridomyrmex: Forel, 1912a: 8 1 . Doleromyrma j u n i o r
s y n o n y m of Iridomyrmex: Emery, 1912g: 22.
Doleromyrma revived from s y n o n y m y w i t h status as
genus: Shattuck, 1992a: 14; review of g e n u s :
Shattuck, 1992c: 60.
DOLICHODERUS (Dolichoderinae)
Dolichoderus Lund, 1831a: 130. Type-spedes: Formica
attelaboides, by m o n o t y p y . Dolichoderus senior syn­
o n y m of Hypoclinea a n d Monads: Forel, 1878: 386.
Dolichoderus senior s y n o n y m of Acanthoclinea a n d
Diceratoclinea: Taylor & B r o w n , D.R. 1985: 9 3 .
Dolichoderus senior s y n o n y m of Acanthoclinea,
Diabolus (junior h o m o n y m ) , Diceratoclinea,
Hypoclinea, Karawajewella, Monads a n d
Monoceratoclinea, a n d review of genus: Shattuck,
1992c: 66. Key to Australian s p e d e s : Clark, 1930b:
252. Keys to Neotropical s p e d e s : Kempf, 1959b:
227; Kempf, 1969: 292; Kempf, 1972c: 2 5 3 ; Lattke,
1987b: 2 6 3 ; MacKay, 1993b: 17. See also: Shattuck,
1994:39.
*DOLICHOMYRMA (*Armaniinae)
*Dolichomyrma DIussky, 1975: 1 2 1 . Type-spedes:
*Dolichomyrma longiceps, by original designation.
*Dolichomyrma placed in *Armaniidae: DIussky,
1983: 66. *Dolichomyrma j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
*Sphecomyrma: Wilson, 1 9 8 7 : 4 9 ; Holldobler & Wil­
son, 1990: 9. *Dolichomyrma revived from synon­
y m y : DIussky & Fedoseeva, 1 9 8 7 : 7 7 ; Carpenter,
1992:491.
#DOLICHORHACHIS (subgenus of Polyrhachis)
Dolichorhachis M a n n , 1919: 386 [as subgenus of Poly­
rhachis]. Type-spedes: Polyrhachis (Dolichorhachis)
malaensis, by m o n o t y p y . Dolichorhachis provisional
j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Polyrhachis: B r o w n , 1973b: 180
(unconfirmed).
DOLIOPONERA (Ponerinae: Ponerini)
Dolioponera B r o w n , 1974e: 3 1 . Type-spedes:
Dolioponerafustigera, by original designation.
DOLOPHRA (junior s y n o n y m of Camponotus)
Dolophra W u & Wang, 1994: 35. Type-spedes:
Dolophrapolitae, by original designation. Dolophra
j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Camponotus (subgenus indetermi­
nate): n e w s y n o n y m .
DONISTHORPEA (junior s y n o n y m of Lasius)
Donisthorpea Morice & D u r r a n t , 1 9 1 5 : 4 2 3 . Type-spe­
d e s : Formica nigra, by original designation. [Unnec­
essary r e p l a c e m e n t n a m e for Lasius Fabridus.]
Donisthorpea subgenus of Formidna: Emery, 1916b:
239. Donisthorpea j u n i o r s y n o n y m oi Acanthomyops:
Forel, 1 9 1 6 : 4 6 0 . Donisthorpea junior s y n o n y m of
Lasius: Wheeler, W.M. 1916k: 172. [Lasius and
Donisthorpea share t h e same type-species; s y n o n y m y
is therefore absolute.]
DORISIDRIS (Myrmicinae: Dacetini)
Dorisidris B r o w n , 1948e: 116. Type-spedes:
Strumigenys (Codiomyrmex) nitens, by original designa­
tion. [See n o t e u n d e r Strumigenys.]
DORONOMYRMEX (Myrmicinae: Formicoxenini)
DoronomyrmexKutter, 1945: 4 8 5 . Type-spedes:
Doronomyrmexpacis, by m o n o t y p y . Doronomyrmex
provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Leptothorax: B r o w n ,
1973b: 180 (unconfirmed). Partial revision of
g e n u s : Buschinger, 1 9 8 1 : 2 1 1 .
DOROTHEA (junior s y n o n y m of Vollenhovia)
Dorothea Donisthorpe, 1948c: 6 5 . Type-spedes: Doro­
thea novobritainae, by m o n o t y p y . Dorothea j u n i o r syn­
o n y m of Vollenhovia: Ettershank, 1966: 146.
DORYLOZELUS (junior s y n o n y m of Leptogenys)
Dorylozelus Forel, 1915b: 2 4 . Type-species: Dorylozelus
mjobergi (junior secondary h o m o n y m in Leptogenys,
replaced by Leptogenys tricosa), by monotypy.
Dorylozelus j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Leptogenys: Taylor,
1969: 132.
DORYLUS (Dorylinae)
Dorylus Fabridus, 1793: 365. Type-spedes: Vespa
helvola, by m o n o t y p y . Subgenera of Dorylus (alpha­
betical order w i t h s y n o n y m s indicated): n o m i n a l
plus Alaopone, Anomma, Cosmaecetes (junior syn­
o n y m of Typhlopone), Dichthadia, Rhogmus, Shuckar-
dia (junior s y n o n y m oi Alaopone), Sphegomyrmex
(junior s y n o n y m oi Anomma), Typhlopone. Key to
Indo-Australian s p e d e s : Wilson, 1964a: 4 3 6 ; see
also Gotwald, 1 9 8 2 : 1 5 7 .
DORYMYRMEX (DoHchoderinae)
Dorymyrmex Mayr, 1866a: 4 9 4 . Type-spedes:
Dorymyrmex flavescens, by m o n o t y p y . Dorymyrmex
senior s y n o n y m of Psammomyrma: Forel, 1913b: 350
(in text). Dorymyrmex senior s y n o n y m of
Psammomyrma a n d Spinomyrma: Snelling & Hunt,
1976: 9 3 . Dorymyrmex senior s y n o n y m y of Con­
omyrma (and its j u n i o r s y n o n y m s Biconomyrma and
Araucomyrmex {and its j u n i o r s y n o n y m
Ammomyrma}), a n d review of genus: Shattuck,
1992c: 77. See also: Shattuck, 1994: 7 3 .
DREPANOGNATHUS (junior s y n o n y m of Harpegnathos)
Drepanognathus Smith, F. 1858b: 8 1 . Type-spedes:
Harpegnathos saltator, by s u b s e q u e n t designation of
Bingham, 1 9 0 3 : 4 9 . [Unnecessary replacement
n a m e for Harpegnathos^ Drepanognathus j u n i o r syn­
o n y m of Harpegnathos: Roger, 1863b: 22; Forel,
1900c: 6 3 . [Drepanognathus i n c o r r e d l y subsequently
used as senior n a m e : Bingham, 1903:49.]
*DRYMOMYRMEX (Formicinae: Camponotini)
*Drymomyrmex Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 135. Type-spe­
d e s : *Drymomyrmexfusdpennis, by original designa­
tion. [Note: this n a m e sometimes misspelled as
*Dryomyrmex, for example in Donisthorpe, 1920:
93.]
DYCLONA (junior s y n o n y m of Cardiocondyla)
Dyclona Santschi, 1930b: 70 (footnote) [as subgenus of
Cardiocondyla]. Type-spedes: Monomorium cristatum,
by original designation. Dyclona provisional j u n i o r
s y n o n y m of Cardiocondyla: B r o w n , 1973b: 180.
Dyclona j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Cardiocondyla: Bolton,
1982: 309.
DYOMORIUM (junior s y n o n y m of Vollenhovia)
Dyomorium Donisthorpe, 1947d: 1 9 1 . Type-spedes:
Dyomorium ireneum, by original designation. Dyomor­
ium j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Vollenhovia: Ettershank,
1966:146.
Genus-Group Taxa 27
DYSEDROGNATHUS (Myrrmcinae: Dacetini)
Dysedrognathus Taylor, 1968d: 132. Type-species: Dys-
edrognathus extemenus, by original designation. [See
n o t e u n d e r Strumigenys.]
ECHINOPLA (Formicinae: Camponotini)
Echinopla Smith, F. 1857a: 79. Type-species: Echinopla
melanarctos, by s u b s e q u e n t designation of Wheeler,
W.M. 191 If: 162. Echinopla senior s y n o n y m of
Mesoxena: Bolton, 1994: 50.
ECITON ( E d t o n i n a e : E d t o n i n i )
Eciton Latreille, 1 8 0 4 : 1 7 9 . Type-spedes: Formica ham-
ata, by s u b s e q u e n t designation of Shuckard, in
Swainson & Shuckard, 1 8 4 0 : 1 7 3 . Eciton senior syn­
o n y m of Camptognatha, a n d material of
Ancylognathus (nomen nudum) referred h e r e : Smith,
F. 1855c: 160. Eciton senior s y n o n y m of May-
romyrmex: Emery, 1906a: 7 1 8 . Eciton senior syn­
o n y m of Holopone: Borgmeier, 1936: 55. Revision of
g e n u s : Borgmeier, 1955b: 162. Key to s p e d e s :
Watkins, 1976: 9.
ECPHORELLA (Dolichoderinae)
Ecphorella Forel, 1909b: 65 [as subgenus of Tapinoma].
Type-spedes: Tapinoma (Ecphorella) wellmani, by
m o n o t y p y . Ecphorella provisionally raised to g e n u s :
B r o w n , 1973b: 169. Ecphorella raised to genus, a n d
review of genus: Shattuck, 1992c: 8 5 .
ECTATOMMA (Ponerinae: E d a t o m m i n i )
Ectatomma Smith, F. 1858b: 102. Type-spedes: Formica
tuberculata, by s u b s e q u e n t designation of Bingham,
1903: 82. Revisions of genus: B r o w n , 1958g: 206;
Kugler, C. & B r o w n , 1982: 6. See also: Lattke, 1994:
109.
ECTOMOMYRMEX (junior s y n o n y m of Pachycondyla)
Ectomomyrmex Mayr, 1867a: 8 3 . Type-spedes:
Ectomomyrmexjavanus, by s u b s e q u e n t designation of
Bingham, 1 9 0 3 : 8 5 . Ectomomyrmexsubgenus of
Pachycondyla: Emery, 1901a: 4 2 . Ectomomyrmex
revived status as g e n u s : Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 6 4 8 .
Ectomomyrmex provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Pachycondyla: B r o w n , 1973b: 180. Ectomomyrmex
j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pachycondyla: B r o w n , in prepara­
tion. Key t o Melanesian s p e d e s : Wilson, 1958d: 362.
*ElAEOMYRMEX (Dolichoderinae)
*Elaeomyrmex Carpenter, 1 9 3 0 : 4 8 . Type-spedes:
*Elaeomyrmex gracilis, by original designation.
ELASMOPHEIDOLE (junior s y n o n y m of Pheidole)
Elasmopheidole Forel, 1913k: 4 3 [as subgenus of
Pheidole]. Type-spedes: Pheidole aberrans, by sub­
s e q u e n t designation of Emery, 1922e: 110.
Elasmopheidole provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Pheidole: B r o w n , 1973b: 180. Elasmopheidole j u n i o r
s y n o n y m of Pheidole: Smith, D.R. 1979: 1366. Key
to s p e d e s : Gallardo, 1932c: 179 (out of date).
*ELECTROMYRMEX (Myrrmcinae: u n p l a c e d to tribe)
*Electromyrmex Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 164 (by indica­
tion). Type-spedes: *Electromyrmex klebsi, b y
m o n o t y p y . [*Electromyrmex Wheeler, W.M. 1908g:
4 1 3 , nomen nudum.] *Electromyrmex description of
genus: Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 55.
ELECTROPHEIDOLE (junior s y n o n y m of Pheidole)
Electropheidole M a n n , 1 9 2 1 : 4 3 8 [as s u b g e n u s of
Pheidole]. Type-spedes: Pheidole (Electropheidole)
roosevelti, by subsequent designation of
Donisthorpe, 1943f: 642. Electropheidole provisional
j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pheidole: B r o w n , 1973b: 180.
28 Genus-Group Taxa
Electropheidole j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pheidole: Smith,
D.R. 1979: 1366.
*ELECTROPONERA (Ponerinae: E d a t o m m i n i )
*Electroponera Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 34. Type-spedes:
*Electroponera dubia, by m o n o t y p y . See also: Lattke,
1994: 116.
EMERYELLA (junior s y n o n y m of Gnamptogenys)
Emeryella Forel, 1901e: 334. Type-spedes: Emeryella
schmitti, by m o n o t y p y . Emeryella j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Gnamptogenys: B r o w n , 1958g: 2 1 1 .
EMERYIA (junior s y n o n y m of Cardiocondyla)
Emeryia Forel, 1890b: ex. Type-spedes: Emeryia
wroughtonii, b y m o n o t y p y . Emeryia j u n i o r s y n o n y m
of Cardiocondyla: Forel, 1892g: 4 6 1 ; Forel, 1892i:
313.
EMERYOPONE (Ponerinae: Ponerini)
Emeryopone Forel, 1912m: 7 6 1 . Type-spedes:
Emeryopone buttelreepeni, by m o n o t y p y . [Emeryopone
also described as n e w b y Forel, 1913k: 14.]
Emeryopone j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Belonopelta: Baroni
Urbani 1975b: 296 (key to s p e d e s : 2 9 8 ) . Emeryopone
revived from s y n o n y m y : B r o w n , in p r e p a r a t i o n .
*EMPLASTUS (Ponerinae: Ponerini)
*Emplastus Donisthorpe, 1 9 2 0 : 8 6 . Type-spedes:
*Emplastus emeryi, by original designation.
ENDIODIOCTES (junior s y n o n y m oiMyrmecocystus)
Endiodioctes Snelling, 1976: 25 [as subgenus of
Myrmecocystus]. Type-spedes: Myrmecocystus melliger,
by original designation. Key to s p e d e s : Snelling,
1976: 2 7 . Endiodioctes j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Myrmecocystus: Snelling, 1 9 8 1 : 4 0 3 .
ENERIA (junior s y n o n y m of Strumigenys)
Eneria Donisthorpe, 1948d: 5 9 8 . Type-spedes: Eneria
excisa (junior s y n o n y m of Strumigenys loriae), by orig­
inal designation. Eneria j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Strumigenys:Biown, 1949d: 15.
ENGRAMMA (junior s y n o n y m of Technomyrmex)
Engramma Forel, 1905b: 180. Type-spedes: Engramma
lujae, b y m o n o t y p y . Key t o s p e d e s : Wheeler, W.M.
1922a: 202 (out of date). Engramma j u n i o r syn­
o n y m of Technomyrmex: Shattuck, 1992c: 153.
*ENNEAMERUS (Myrmicinae: Myrmecinini?)
*Enneamerus Mayr, 1868c: 98. Type-spedes:
*Enneamerus reticulatus, by m o n o t y p y .
*EOCENIDRIS (Myrmicinae: u n p l a c e d to tribe)
*Eocenidris Wilson, 1985d: 2 0 9 . Type-spedes: *Eocenidris
crassa, by original designation.
*EOFORMICA (Myrmicinae: u n p l a c e d t o tribe)
*Eoformica Cockerell, 1 9 2 1 : 3 8 . Type-spedes: *Eoformica
eocenica (junior s y n o n y m of *Eoformicapingue), by
m o n o t y p y . *Eoformica transferred from P o n e r i n a e to
Myrmicinae: Carpenter, 1930: 17.
EOMONOCOMBUS (junior s y n o n y m of Cataglyphis)
Eomonocombus Arnol'di, 1968: 1815 [as subgenus of
Cataglyphis]. Type-spedes: Myrmecocystus
cinnamomeus, by original designation. Eomonocombus
provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Cataglyphis: B r o w n ,
1973b: 180. Eomonocombus j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Cataglyphis: Agosti, 1990a: 1462; Agosti, 1994a: 103.
*EOMYRMEX (Myrmicinae: u n p l a c e d to tribe)
*Eomyrmex Hong, 1 9 7 4 : 1 3 8 . Type-spedes: *Eomyrmex
guchengziensis (spelling h e r e e m e n d e d from
*guchengzienis), by m o n o t y p y .
*EOPONERA (junior s y n o n y m of *Formicium)
*Eoponera Carpenter, 1929: 3 0 1 . Type-spedes:
*Eoponera berryi, by original designation. *Eoponera
j u n i o r s y n o n y m of *Formitium: Lutz, 1986: 189.
*EOTAPINOMA (Dolichoderinae)
*Eotapinoma DIussky, 1988: 54. Type-spedes:
*Eotapinoma gracilis, by original designation.
EPELYSWRIS (Myrmicinae: Solenopsidini)
Epelysidris Bolton, 1 9 8 7 : 2 7 9 . Type-spedes: Epelysidris
brocha, b y original designation.
EPHEBOMYRMEX (junior s y n o n y m of Pogonomyrmex)
EphebomyrmexWheeler, W.M. 1902c: 390 [as subge­
n u s of Pogonomyrmex]. Type-spedes: Pogonomyrmex
naegelii, b y s u b s e q u e n t designation of Wheeler,
W.M. 1911f: 1 6 3 . Ephebomyrmex raised to g e n u s :
Kusnezov, 1960b: 350. Ephebomyrmex subgenus of
Pogonomyrmex: Cole, 1968: 2 2 . Ephebomyrmex
revived status as genus: Kempf, 1972a: 106; m a i n ­
tained as g e n u s : B r o w n , 1973b: 180. Studies of
N o r t h American s p e d e s : Creighton, 1957a: 54;
Cole, 1968: 22; Snelling, 1982a: 109. Ephebomyrmex
j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pogonomyrmex: Bolton, 1994:
106.
EPIATTA (junior s y n o n y m of Neoatta)
Epiatta Borgmeier, 1950d: 246 [as subgenus oi Atta].
Type-spedes: Oecodoma laevigata, by original designa­
tion. Epiatta j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Atta: Weber, 1958a:
8. Epiatta j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Neoatta: Borgmeier,
1959b: 3 5 8 . [Neoatta j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Atta:Bo\-
t o n , 1994: 105.]
EPIMYRMA ( M y n m d n a e : Forrmcoxeirmi)
Epimyrma Emery, 1915a: 2 6 2 . Type-spedes: Epimyrma
kraussei, by original designation. Epimyrma provi­
sional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Leptothorax: B r o w n ,
1973b: 180 (unconfirmed). Epimyrma provisional
senior s y n o n y m of Myrmoxenus (and its j u n i o r syn­
o n y m Myrmetaerus): Buschinger, 1990: 2 4 5 ;
confirmed Bolton, 1 9 9 4 : 1 0 5 . Revisions of g e n u s :
Menozzi, 1931c: 36; Kutter, 1973e: 2 8 1 ; Buschin­
ger, 1 9 8 9 : 2 6 5 . Subgenera of Epimyrma: n o m i n a l
plus Gonepimyrma.
EPIPHEWOLE (junior s y n o n y m of Pheidole)
Epipheidole Vi'heeler, W.M. 1903f: 664. Type-spedes:
Epipheidole inquilina, by m o n o t y p y . [Epipheidole also
described as n e w by Wheeler, W.M. 1904a: 14.]
Epipheidole j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pheidole: Cole, 1965:
174.
EPITRITUS (Myrmicinae: Dacetini)
Epitritus Emery, 1869a: 136. Type-spedes: Epitritus
argiolus, by m o n o t y p y . Review of g e n u s : B r o w n ,
1948e: 122. Key to world s p e d e s : Bolton, 1972:
208; t o Afrotropical s p e d e s : Bolton, 1983: 354. [See
n o t e u n d e r Strumigenys.]
EPLXENUS (junior s y n o n y m oi Monomorium)
Epixenus Emery, 1908f: 556. Type-spedes: Epixenus
andrei (junior secondary h o m o n y m i n Monomorium,
replaced b y Monomorium advena), by subsequent
designation of Wheeler, W.M. 191 If: 163. Epixenus
j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Monomorium: B r o w n & Wilson,
1957b: 2 4 4 ; discussion a n d confirmation of s y n o n ­
y m y : Bolton, 1987: 292; Tinaut & Ortiz, 1 9 8 8 : 1 6 7 .
EPOECUS (junior s y n o n y m oi Monomorium)
Epoecus Emery, 1893a: eclxxvi. Type-spedes: Epoecus
pergandei, by m o n o t y p y . Epoecus j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Monomorium: Ettershank, 1 9 6 6 : 8 2 ; see also Bolton,
1987: 2 9 8 .
 EPOPOSTRUMA (Myrrmcinae: Dacetini)
Epopostruma Forel, 1895f: 4 2 2 [as subgenus of
Strumigenys]. Type-species: Strumigenys
(Epopostruma) quadrispinosa, by s u b s e q u e n t designa­
tion of Wheeler, W.M. 191 If: 163. Epopostruma
raised to genus: Emery, 1897c: 5 7 3 . Epopostruma
provisional senior s y n o n y m of Hexadaceton: B r o w n ,
1973b: 1 8 1 . Epopostruma senior s y n o n y m of
Hexadaceton: Taylor 8- B r o w n , D.R. 1985: 63
(acceptedas confirmation).
[EQUESSIMESSOR (misspelling)
Equessimessor Santschi, 1936a: 32, incorrect sub­
s e q u e n t spelling of Equestrimessor.]
EQUESTRIMESSOR (junior s y n o n y m oi Monomorium)
Equestrimessor Santschi, 1919d: 92 [as subgenus of
Monomorium]. Type-species: Holcomyrmex chobauti,
by subsequent designation of Donisthorpe, 1943E
644. Equestrimessor j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Monomorium:
Ettershank, 1966: 82; see also discussion in Bolton,
1987: 2 9 7 . [Equessimessor: see above.]
EREBOMYRMA (junior s y n o n y m of Oligomyrmex)
Erebomyrma Wheeler, W.M. 1903a: 138. Type-species:
Erebomyrma longii, by m o n o t y p y . Erebomyrma senior
s y n o n y m of Spelaeomyrmex: Wilson, 1962a: 6 3 .
Erebomyrma j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Oligomyrmex:
Ettershank, 1966: 119. Erebomyrma revived from
s y n o n y m y : Wilson, 1986b: 6 1 ; r e t u r n e d to s y n o n ­
y m y of Oligomyrmex:Bolton, 1994: 106.
EREMNOCYSTUS (junior s y n o n y m of Myrmecocystus)
Eremnocystus Snelling, 1976: 92 [as subgenus of
Myrmecocystus]. Type-species: Myrmecocystus
creightoni, by original designation. Key to species:
Snelling, 1976: 9 3 . Eremnocystus j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Myrmecocystus: Snelling, 1 9 8 1 : 4 0 3 .
ERICAPELTA (junior s y n o n y m of Amblyopone)
Ericapelta Kusnezov, 1 9 5 5 : 2 7 3 . Type-spedes:
. Ericapelta egregia, by m o n o t y p y . Ericapelta j u n i o r syn­
o n y m of Amblyopone: B r o w n , 1960a: 156.
ERIMELOPHORUS (junior s y n o n y m of Melophorus)
Erimelophorus Wheeler, W.M. 1935c: 71 [as subgenus
of Melophorus]. Type-species: Melophorus wheeleri, by
original designation. Erimelophorus j u n i o r s y n o n y m
of Melophorus: B r o w n , 1 9 5 5 d : 4 7 4 .
ERIOPHEIDOLE (junior s y n o n y m of Pheidole)
Eriopheidole Kusnezov, 1952a: 10. Type-spedes:
Eriopheidole symbiotica (unresolved j u n i o r secondary
h o m o n y m in Pheidole), by m o n o t y p y . Eriopheidole
provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pheidole:
B r o w n , 1973b: 180. Eriopheidole j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Pheidole: Smith, D.R. 1979: 1366.
ESCHERICHIA (junior s y n o n y m of Probolomyrmex)
Escherichia Forel, 1910c: 2 4 5 . Type-spedes: Escherichia
brevirostris, by m o n o t y p y . Escherichia j u n i o r syn­
o n y m of Probolomyrmex: Taylor, 1965d: 346.
EUBOTHROPONERA (junior s y n o n y m oi Platythyrea)
Eubothroponera Clark, 1930c: 8. Type-spedes:
Eubothroponera dentinodis, b y original designation.
Eubothroponera j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Platythyrea:
Brown, 1975: 6.
#EUCREMA (subgenus of Crematogaster)
Eucrema Santschi, 1918d: 182 [as s u b g e n u s of
Crematogaster]. Type-spedes: Formica acuta, by origi­
nal designation. Eucrema provisional j u n i o r syn­
o n y m of Crematogaster: B r o w n , 1973b: 180
(unconfirmed). [Emery, 1919b: 62; Emery, 1922e:
137; a n d Soulie, 1965: 78 incorrectly treat Eucrema
as a j u n i o r s y n o n y m of subgenus Crematogaster sensu
stricto. This stems from Emery's (1912d: 272)
unjustified s u b s e q u e n t designation oi Formica acuta
as t y p e - s p e d e s of Crematogaster; see above u n d e r
t h a t genus.]
EUCRYPTOCERUS (Myrmicinae: Cephalotini)
Eucryptocerus Kemvi, 1 9 5 1 : 1 2 7 . Type-spedes:
Cryptocerus oculatus, b y original designation.
Eucryptocerus provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Cephalotes: B r o w n , 1973b: 180. Eucryptocerus valid
g e n u s : Kempf, 1973c: 4 6 0 . Key to s p e d e s : Kempf,
1 9 5 1 : 128.
*EULITHOMYRMEX (Myrrmcinae:
Agroecomyrmedni)
*Eulithomyrmex Carpenter, 1935: 9 1 . R e p l a c e m e n t
n a m e for *Lithomyrmex Carpenter, 1930: 34. [Junior
h o m o n y m of Lithomyrmex Clark, 1928a: 30.]
EUMECOPONE (junior s y n o n y m of Pachycondyla)
Eumecopone Forel, 1901e: 335 [as subgenus of
Neoponera]. Type-spedes: Neoponera (Eumecopone)
agilis, by m o n o t y p y . Eumecopone provisional j u n i o r
s y n o n y m of Pachycondyla: B r o w n , 1973b: 180.
Eumecopone j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pachycondyla: Brown,
i n preparation.
EUOPHTHALMA (junior s y n o n y m of Solenopsis)
Euophthalma Creighton, 1930b: 4 3 [as subgenus of
Solenopsis]. Type-spedes: Myrmicaglobularia, by origi­
nal designation. Euophthalma j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Solenopsis: Ettershank, 1966: 134.
EUPONERA (junior s y n o n y m of Pachycondyla)
Euponera Forel, 1891b: 126 [as subgenus of Ponera].
Type-spedes: Ponera (Euponera) sikorae, by
m o n o t y p y . Euponera raised to g e n u s : Emery, 1901a:
46. Euponera j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pachycondyla:
B r o w n , in preparation.
EUPRENOLEPIS (Formicinae: Lasiini)
Euprenolepis Emery, 1906b: 134 [as subgenus of Pre-
nolepis]. Type-spedes: Prenolepis procera, by original
designation. Euprenolepis raised t o genus, a n d senior
s y n o n y m of Chapmanella: B r o w n , 1953h: 6.
EURHOPALOTHRIX (Myrrmcinae: Basicerotini)
Eurhopalothrix B r o w n & Kempf, 1 9 6 1 : 4 4 . Type-spe­
d e s : Rhopalothrix bolaui, by original designation.
[EurhopalothrixBrown & Kempf, 1960: 202,
unavailable n a m e , p r o p o s e d w i t h o u t designation of
type-spedes.] Keys to world s p e d e s : B r o w n &
Kempf, 1 9 6 0 : 2 4 5 ; to Indo-Australian s p e d e s : Tay­
lor, 1968b: 334; Taylor, 1990b: 4 0 1 .
EUSPHINCTUS (junior s y n o n y m of Sphinctomyrmex)
Eusphinctus Emery, 1893a: cclxxv. Type-spedes:
Eusphinctusfurcatus, by m o n o t y p y . Eusphinctus subge­
n u s of Sphinctomyrmex: Emery, 1895k: 4 5 6 ; m a i n ­
tained as subgenus: Forel, 1 9 1 7 : 2 3 9 . Eusphinctus
revived status as g e n u s : Wheeler, W.M. 1918a: 219.
Eusphinctus provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Sphinctomyrmex:Brown, 1973b: 180. Eusphinctus
j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Sphinctomyrmex: B r o w n , 1975:
31.
EUTETRAMORIUM (Myrmicinae: Myrrnicini)
Eutetramorium Emery, 1899f: 2 8 0 . Type-spedes:
Eutetramorium mocquerysi, by s u b s e q u e n t designa­
tion of Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 163. Notes o n genus:
Bolton, 1976: 2 9 3 .
EVELYN A (junior s y n o n y m of Myrmothrinax)
Evelyna Donisthorpe, 1937c: 2 7 3 [as subgenus of Poly­
rhachis]. Type-spedes: Polyrhachis (Evelyna)
cheesmanae, by original designation. Evelyna j u n i o r
s y n o n y m of Myrmothrinax: H u n g , 1967b: 4 0 2 .
EXAMBLYOPONE (junior s y n o n y m of Prionopelta)
Examblyopone Donisthorpe, 1949g: 4 0 1 . Type-spedes:
Examblyopone churchilli (junior s y n o n y m of
Prionopelta majuscula), b y original designation.
Examblyopone j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Prionopelta:
Brown, 1951:102.
FLORENCEA (junior s y n o n y m of Myrmhopla)
Florencea Donisthorpe, 1937a: 6 2 4 [as subgenus of
Polyrhachis]. Type-spedes: Polyrhachis (Florencea)
kirkae (junior s y n o n y m of Polyrhachis nigriceps), by
original designation. Florencea j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Myrmhopla:Hung, 1967b: 402.
FORELIFIDIS (junior s y n o n y m of Oxyepoecus)
Forelifidis Smith, M.R. 1954a: 17. Replacement n a m e
for Martia Forel, 1907a: 2 0 . [Junior h o m o n y m of
Martia Ragonot, 1887: 18.] Forelifidis j u n i o r syn­
o n y m of Oxyepoecus:Brown, 1955b: 68.
FORELIUS (Dolichoderinae)
ForeliusEmtry, 1888d: 389. Type-spedes: Iridomyrmex
mccooki, by m o n o t y p y . Forelius senior s y n o n y m of
Amyrmex a n d Neoforelius, a n d review of g e n u s :
Shattuck, 1992c: 8 7 . Key to Neotropical s p e d e s :
Kusnezov, 1957b: 16.
FORELOMYRMEX (junior s y n o n y m of Pogonomyrmex)
Forelomyrmex Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 80 [as subgenus
of Pogonomyrmex]. Replacement n a m e for Janetia
Forel, 1899c: 61 (footnote). [Junior h o m o n y m of
Janetia Kieffer, 1896: 236.] Forelomyrmex provisional
j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pogonomyrmex: B r o w n , 1973b:
180; confirmed Bolton, 1994: 106.
FORELOPHILUS ( F o r m i d n a e : Camponotini)
Forelophilus Kutter, 1931b: 193. Type-spedes:
Forelophilus overbecki, by m o n o t y p y .
FORMICA (Formicinae: Formicini)
Formica Linnaeus, 1758: 579. Type-species: Formica
rufa, by s u b s e q u e n t designation of Curtis, 1829:
752. Formica senior s y n o n y m of Formidna: Wheeler,
W.M. 1911c: 860; Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 164. For­
mica senior s y n o n y m of Raptiformica and
Serviformica: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 699 (footnote).
Formica senior s y n o n y m of Coptoformica (and its
j u n i o r s y n o n y m Adformica), Serviformica a n d
Raptiformica: Smith, M.R. 1951a: 860; Smith, D.R.
1979: 1448. Formica senior s y n o n y m of Neoformica:
Buren, 1968a: 39. Formica senior s y n o n y m of
Serviformica: Francoeur, 1973: 34. Formica senior
s y n o n y m of Coptoformica (and its j u n i o r s y n o n y m
Adformica), Formidna, Hypochira, Iberoformica,
Neoformica, Raptiformica a n d Serviformica: Agosti,
1994a: 106. Keys to Nearctic fauna: Creighton,
1950a: 4 5 6 ; Francoeur, 1973: 272 (fusca-grouv);
Buren, 1968a: 36 a n d Snelling & Buren, 1985: 71
(sanguinea-growp); to Palaearctic fauna: DIussky,
1967a: 39 (former U.S.S.R.); DIussky, 1976b: 80
(*Baltic Amber); DIussky, 1965a: 15 (Mongolia a n d
Tibet); Amol'diS-DIussky, 1978: 552 (former
E u r o p e a n U.S.S.R.); Bernard, 1 9 6 7 : 2 8 7 (France
a n d M e d i t e r r a n e a n basin); Collingwood, 1978: 93
(Iberian Peninsula); Collingwood, 1979: 112
(Fennoscandia a n d D e n m a r k ) ; Agosti & Colling­
w o o d , 1987b: 285 (Balkans); Kutter, 1977c: 236
Genus-Group Taxa 29
 (Switzerland); Gosswald, 1 9 8 5 : 2 7 4 (Germany). See
also for ra/a-group: Cotti, 1 9 6 3 : 1 ; Gosswald, 1989:
1; Gosswald, 1990: 1.
FORMICINA (junior s y n o n y m of Formica)
Formidna Shuckard, in Swainson & Shuckard, 1840:
172. Type-spedes: Formica rufa, by s u b s e q u e n t desig­
n a t i o n of Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 164. Formidna
j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Formica: Wheeler, W.M. 1911c:
860; Wheeler, W.M. 191 If: 164. Formidna u n n e c e s ­
sarily a n d i n c o r r e d l y used as replacement n a m e for
Lasius Fabridus: Emery, 1916b: 239; Bondroit,
1 9 1 8 : 1 9 ; see also Wheeler, W.M. 1916k: 172.
Formidna incorrectly as j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Lasius:
Emery, 1925b: 2 2 6 . Formidna junior s y n o n y m of
Formica: Donisthorpe, 1943f: 646; Agosti, 1994a:
106. Formidna incorrectly as provisional j u n i o r syn­
o n y m of Lasius: B r o w n , 1973b: 180. [As Formica a n d
Formidna share t h e s a m e t y p e - s p e d e s t h e s y n o n ­
y m y is absolute.]
FORMICITES (collective group n a m e )
Formidtes DIussky, 1981b: 75 [collective group n a m e ,
w i t h o u t included n a m e d taxa.]
FORMICIUM (*Forrmciinae)
Formidum Westwood, 1854: 3 9 3 . Type-spedes:
*Formidum brodiei, by m o n o t y p y . *Formidum j u n i o r
s y n o n y m of *Pseudosirex (family *Pseudosiriddae):
Handlirsch, 1906: 577. *Formitium revived from syn­
o n y m y as g e n u s of F o r m i d d a e : Cockerell, 1920:
279. *Formidum senior s y n o n y m of *Eoponera, a n d
*GLAPHYROMYRMEX
revision of g e n u s : Lutz, 1986: 182. [*Formidum
*Glaphyromyrmex Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 1 3 1 . Type-spe­
incorrectly as senior s y n o n y m of *Pseudosirex:
Holldobler & Wilson, 1 9 9 0 : 1 7 ; i n c o r r e d l y retained
in *Pseudosiriddae: Abe & Smith, 1 9 9 1 : 34.]
*Formidum senior s y n o n y m of *Megapterites: Lutz,
1990:61.
FORMICOXENUS (Myrmicinae: Formicoxenini)
Formicoxenus Mayr, 1 8 5 5 : 4 1 3 . Type-spedes: Myrmica
nitidula, by m o n o t y p y . Formicoxenus provisional
j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Leptothorax: B r o w n , 1973b: 180.
Formicoxenus valid genus, senior s y n o n y m of Sym-
myrmica, a n d revision of g e n u s : Francoeur, Loiselle
& Buschinger, 1985: 3 4 3 .
FROGGATTELLA (Dolichoderinae)
Froggattella Forel, 1902h: 4 5 9 . Type-spedes:
Acantholepis kirbii, by original designation. Key to
s p e d e s : Wheeler, W.M. 1936a: 5. Review of genus:
Shattuck, 1992c: 9 5 .
FULAKORA (junior s y n o n y m of Stigmatomma)
Fulakora M a n n , 1919: 279 [as subgenus of
Stigmatomma]. Type-spedes: Stigmatomma (Fulakora)
celata, by original designation. Fulakora j u n i o r syn­
o n y m of Stigmatomma: B r o w n , 1949c: 8 8 .
[Stigmatomma j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Amblyopone:
B r o w n , 1960a: 155.]
GAESOMYRMEX (junior s y n o n y m of Gesomyrmex)
Gaesomyrmex Dalla Torre, 1 8 9 3 : 1 7 5 , unjustified e m e n ­
dation of Gesomyrmex. Gaesomyrmex j u n i o r s y n o n y m
of Gesomyrmex: Forel, 1893a: 167.
#GONEPIMYRMA (subgenus oi Epimyrma)
GALLARDOMYRMA (junior s y n o n y m of Pheidole)
Gallardomyrma Bruch, 1 9 3 2 : 2 7 1 . Type-spedes:
Gallardomyrma argentina, by original designation.
Gallardomyrma provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Pheidole: B r o w n , 1973b: 180. Gallardomyrma j u n i o r
s y n o n y m of Pheidole: Smith, D.R. 1 9 7 9 : 1 3 6 6 ; Wil­
son, 1984: 327.
30 Genus-Group Taxa
GAUROMYRMEX (junior s y n o n y m of Vollenhovia)
Gauromyrmex Menozzi, 1933c: 146. Type-spedes:
Gauromyrmex bengakalisi, by m o n o t y p y .
Gauromyrmex senior s y n o n y m of Acalama a n d
Solenomyrma: B r o w n , 1953c: 10. Gauromyrmex provi­
sional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Vollenhovia: B r o w n ,
1973b: 180; confirmed Bolton, 1 9 9 4 : 1 0 5 .
GEOGNOMICUS (junior s y n o n y m of Dicroaspis)
Geognomicus Menozzi, 1924b: 2 2 0 . Type-spedes:
Geognomicus wheeleri (junior s y n o n y m of Diaoaspis
cryptocera), by original designation. Geognomicus
j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Diaoaspis: Bolton, 1981a: 56.
GESOMYRMEX (Formicinae: G e s o m y r m e d n i )
Gesomyrmex Mayr, 1868c: 50. Type-spedes:
*Gesomyrmexhoernesi, by m o n o t y p y . Gesomyrmex
senior s y n o n y m of Gaesomyrmex: Forel, 1893a: 167;
Emery, 1925b: 4 7 . Gesomyrmex senior s y n o n y m of
Dimorphomyrmex: Wheeler, W.M. 1929a: 1. Revision
of genus: Cole, 1949: 7 1 .
GIGANTIOPS (Formicinae: Gigantiopini)
Gigantiops Roger, 1863b: 1 1 . Type-spedes: Formica
destrudor, by m o n o t y p y .
GLAMYROMYRMEX (Myrmicinae: Dacetini)
Glamyromyrmex Wheeler, W.M. 1915e: 4 8 7 . Type-spe­
d e s : Glamyromyrmex beebei, b y m o n o t y p y .
Glamyromyrmex senior s y n o n y m of Borgmeierita:
B r o w n , 1973a: 3 5 . Key to Neotropical s p e d e s :
Kempf, 1960f: 4 4 7 ; t o Afrotropical s p e d e s : Bolton,
1983: 3 2 1 . [See n o t e u n d e r Strumigenys.]
( F o r m i d n a e : Formicini)
d e s : *Glaphyromyrmexoligocenicus, by m o n o t y p y .
GLYPHOPONE (junior s y n o n y m of Centromyrmex)
Glyphopone Forel, 1913b: 3 0 8 . Type-spedes:
Glyphopone bequaerti, b y m o n o t y p y . Glyphopone
j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Centromyrmex: B r o w n , 1 9 6 3 : 9 .
GLYPTOMYRMEX (junior s y n o n y m of Myrmicocrypta)
GlyptomyrmexFoxei, 1885a: 3 6 5 . Type-spedes:
Glyptomyrmex dilaceratum, by m o n o t y p y .
Glyptomyrmex j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Myrmicocrypta:
Emery, 1894c: 2 2 4 .
GNAMPTOGENYS (Ponerinae: E t t a t o m m i n i )
Gnamptogenys Roger, 1863a: 174. Type-spedes: Ponera
tomata, by s u b s e q u e n t designation of Emery, 1911 d:
4 4 . [Type-spedes n o t Ectatomma condnna as desig­
n a t e d by Wheeler, W.M. 191 If: 164; see Wheeler,
W.M. 1913a: 79.] Gnamptogenys subgenus of
Ectatomma: Mayr, 1887: 540; m a i n t a i n e d as subge­
n u s : Dalla Torre, 1893: 2 3 ; Emery, 191 Id: 4 4 ;
Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 6 4 4 . Gnamptogenys revived
status as genus, senior s y n o n y m oi Alfaria (and its
j u n i o r s y n o n y m Opisthoscyphus), Barbourella, Com­
mateta, Emeryella, Holcoponera, Parectatomma, Pon-
eracantha, Rhopalopone (and its j u n i o r s y n o n y m
Midoponera), Spaniopone, Stidoponera, Tammoteca,
Wheeleripone, a n d revision of g e n u s : B r o w n , 1958g:
2 1 1 . Key to N e w World s p e d e s : B r o w n , 1958g: 230;
t o Old World s p e d e s : B r o w n , 1958g: 237.
Gonepimyrma Bernard, 1 9 4 8 : 1 4 6 [as subgenus of
Epimyrma]. Type-spedes: Epimyrma (Gonepimyrma)
africana, by m o n o t y p y . Gonepimyrma provisional
j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Epimyrma: B r o w n , 1973b: 181
(unconfirmed).
GONIOMMA (Myrmicinae: Pheidolini)
Goniomma Emery, 1895c: 2 9 8 [as subgenus of
Stenamma]. Type-spedes: Aphaenogaster bland, by
subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 191 If:
164. Goniomma raised to genus: Emery, 1908e: 4 6 0 .
Key to s p e d e s : Santschi, 1929e: 145 (out of date).
Partial revision of genus: Acosta Salmeron, 1982: 7.
GONIOTHORAX (junior h o m o n y m , see Nesomyrmex)
Goniothorax Emery, 1896g: 58 (diagnosis in key) [as
subgenus of Leptothorax]. Type-spedes: Leptothorax
vicinus, by subsequent designation of Wheeler,
W.M. 191 If: 164. [Junior h o m o n y m of Goniothorax
Milne-Edwards, 1879: 103 (Crustacea).]
Goniothorax E m e r y senior s y n o n y m of Caulomyrma
a n d Nesomyrmex: Emery, 1922f: 2 4 9 . Nesomyrmex
first available replacement n a m e for Goniothorax
Emery: Smith, M.R. 1950: 30.
GRANISOLENOPSIS (junior s y n o n y m of Solenopsis)
Granisolenopsis Kusnezov, 1957a: 2 7 7 [as subgenus of
Solenopsis]. Type-spedes: Solenopsis (Granisolenopsis)
granivora, by original designation. Granisolenopsis
j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Solenopsis: Ettershank, 1966: 134.
GYMNOMYRMEX (Myrmicinae: Dacetini)
Gymnomyrmex Borgmeier, 1954b: 279. Type-spedes:
Gymnomyrmex splendens, by original designation.
Keys to s p e d e s : Kempf, 1960f: 4 5 1 ; Perrault, 1986:
3. [See n o t e u n d e r Strumigenys.]
HAGENSIA (junior s y n o n y m of Pachycondyla)
Hagensia Forel, 190 If: 333 [as subgenus of
Megaloponera (sic)]. Type-spedes:Megaloponera (sic)
(Hagensia) havilandi, by m o n o t y p y . Hagensia subge­
n u s oi Euponera: Forel, 1917: 2 3 7 . Hagensia raised to
genus: Arnold, 1 9 2 6 : 2 0 2 . Revision of g e n u s :
Arnold, 1 9 5 1 : 5 3 . Hagensia j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Pachycondyla: B r o w n , in preparation.
^HAGIOMYRMA (subgenus of Polyrhachis)
Hagiomyrma Wheeler, W.M. 1911c: 860 [as subgenus
of Polyrhachis]. Type-spedes: Formica ammon, by
original designation. Hagiomyrma provisional j u n i o r
s y n o n y m of Polyrhachis: B r o w n , 1973b: 181
(unconfirmed).
HAGIOSTIGMACROS (junior s y n o n y m of Stigmacros)
Hagiostigmacros McAreavey, 1 9 5 7 : 1 9 [as subgenus of
Stigmacros]. Type-spedes: Stigmacros barretti, by origi­
n a l designation. Hagiostigmacros provisional j u n i o r
s y n o n y m of Stigmacros: B r o w n , 1973b: 1 8 1 .
Hagiostigmacros j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Stigmacros: Taylor
& B r o w n , D.R. 1 9 8 5 : 1 4 5 (accepted as
confirmation).
HAGIOXENUS (junior s y n o n y m of Rhoptromyrmex)
Hagioxenus Forel, 1910a: 8. Type-spedes: Hagioxenus
schmitzi, by m o n o t y p y . Hagioxenus j u n i o r s y n o n y m
of Rhoptromyrmex: Bolton, 1986a: 2.
HALMAMYRMECIA (junior s y n o n y m of Promyrmeda)
Halmamyrmecia Wheeler, W.M. 1922b: 195 [as subge­
n u s of Myrmeda]. Type-spedes: Myrmeda pilosula, by
original designation. Halmamyrmecia j u n i o r syn­
o n y m of Promyrmeda: Clark, 1 9 5 1 : 119. [Pro­
myrmeda j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Myrmeda: B r o w n ,
1953J: 1.]
HARNEDIA (junior s y n o n y m of Paracryptocerus)
Harnedia Smith, M.R. 1949c: 20 [as subgenus of
Paracryptocerus]. Type-spedes: Cryptocerus
umbraculatus, by original designation. Revision of
subgenus: Kempf, 1958a: 6 1 . Harnedia j u n i o r syn­
o n y m of Paracryptocerus: Kempf, 1972a: 175.
 [Paracryptocerus j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Zacryptocerus:
Kempf, 1973c: 460.]
HARPAGOXENUS (Myrmicinae: Formicoxenini)
Harpagoxenus Forel, 1893a: 167. Replacement n a m e
for Tomognathus Mayr, 1 8 6 1 : 56. [Junior h o m o n y m
of Tomognathus Agassiz, 1850: 376.]
HARPEGNATHOS (Ponerinae: Ponerini)
Harpegnathos Jerdon, 1 8 5 1 : 1 1 6 . Type-species:
Harpegnathos saltator, b y m o n o t y p y . Harpegnathos
senior s y n o n y m of Drepanognathus: Roger, 1863b:
22. Harpegnathos incorrectly as j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Drepanognathus:DaRa Torre, 1 8 9 3 : 2 2 . Harpegnathos
senior s y n o n y m of Drepanognathus: Forel, 1893a:
166; Forel, 1900c: 6 3 .
ttHEDOMYRMA (subgenus of Polyrhachis)
Hedomyrma Forel, 1915b: 107 [as subgenus of Poly­
rhachis] . Type-species: Polyrhachis ornata, by original
designation. Hedomyrma senior s y n o n y m of
Morleyidris: H u n g , 1967b: 4 0 2 . Hedomyrma provi­
sional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Polyrhachis: B r o w n ,
1973b: 181 (unconfirmed).
#HEMIOPTICA (subgenus of Polyrhachis)
Hemioptica Roger, 1862a: 2 3 8 . Type-species: Hemioptica
scissa, by m o n o t y p y . Hemioptica subgenus of Poly­
rhachis: Mayr, 1872: 138. Hemioptica revived status
as g e n u s : Dalla Torre, 1 8 9 3 : 2 7 1 ; m a i n t a i n e d as
genus: Emery, 1925b: 2 0 9 . Hemioptica provisional
j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Polyrhachis: B r o w n , 1973b: 181
(unconfirmed); h e r e reverts to subgenus of Poly­
rhachis.
HENDECAPHEIDOLE (junior s y n o n y m of Pheidole)
Hendecapheidole Wheeler, W.M. 1922d: 3 [as subgenus
of Pheidole]. Type-spedes: Pheidole tachigaliae, by
original designation. Hendecapheidole senior syn­
o n y m of Cephalomorium: Santschi, 1925d: 2 2 8 .
Hendecapheidole provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Pheidole: B r o w n , 1973b: 1 8 1 . Hendecapheidole j u n i o r
s y n o n y m oi Pheidole: Smith, D.R. 1979: 1366.
HENDECATELLA (junior s y n o n y m of Oligomyrmex)
Hendecatella Wheeler, W.M. 1927h: 93 [as subgenus of
Oligomyrmex]. Type-spedes: Oligomyrmex
(Hendecatella) capreolus, by m o n o t y p y . Hendecatella
j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Oligomyrmex: Ettershank, 1966:
119.
HEPTACONDYLUS (junior s y n o n y m of Myrmicaria)
Heptacondylus Smith, F. 1857a: 7 1 . Type-spedes:
Heptacondylus subcarinatus, by s u b s e q u e n t designa­
tion of Wheeler, W.M. 191 If: 164. Heptacondylus
senior s y n o n y m of Physatta: Mayr, 1862: 755 (in
text); see also Roger, 1863b: 2 7 . Heptacondylus j u n i o r
s y n o n y m oi Myrmicaria: Smith, F. 1865: 7 3 .
HEPTASTRUMA (junior s y n o n y m of Rhopalothrix)
Heptastruma Weber, 1934a: 54. Type-spedes:
Heptastruma wheeleri (junior secondary h o m o n y m in
Rhopalothrix, replaced by Rhopalothrix weberi), by
original designation. Heptastruma j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Rhopalothrix: B r o w n 6- Kempf, 1 9 6 0 : 2 3 0 .
HERCYNIA (junior s y n o n y m of Wasmannia)
Hercynia E n z m a n n , J. 1947a: 4 3 . Type-spedes:
Hercyniapanamana (junior s y n o n y m of Wasmannia
auropunctata), b y m o n o t y p y . Hercynia j u n i o r syn­
o n y m of Wasmannia: B r o w n , 1948d: 102.
HETEROMYRMEX (junior s y n o n y m of Vollenhovia)
Heteromyrmex Wheeler, W.M. 1920: 5 3 . Type-spedes:
Vollenhovia rufiventris, by original designation.
Heteromyrmex j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Vollenhovia:
Ettershank, 1966: 146.
HETEROPONERA (Ponerinae: E d a t o m n i i n i )
Heteroponera Mayr, 1887: 532. Type-spedes:
Heteroponera carinifrons, by m o n o t y p y . Heteroponera
j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Acanthoponera: Emery, 1911 d:
3 5 . Heteroponera revived from s y n o n y m y as subge­
n u s of Acanthoponera: Forel, 1 9 1 7 : 2 3 6 . Heteroponera
revived status as genus: B r o w n , 1952h: 70.
Heteroponera senior s y n o n y m of Anacanthoponera:
B r o w n , 1952h: 70. Heteroponera senior s y n o n y m of
Paranomopone: B r o w n , in Borgmeier, 1 9 5 7 : 1 1 2 .
Revision of g e n u s : B r o w n , 1958g: 194. Key to
Neotropical s p e d e s : Kempf, 1962a: 3 1 .
HEXADACETON (junior s y n o n y m of Epopostruma)
Hexadaceton B r o w n , 1948e: 120. Type-spedes:
Hexadaceton frosti, by original designation.
Hexadaceton provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Epopostruma: B r o w n , 1973b: 1 8 1 . Hexadaceton j u n i o r
s y n o n y m of Epopostruma: Taylor & B r o w n , D.R.
1985: 63 (accepted as confirmation).
HINCKSIDRIS (junior s y n o n y m of Myrmelachista)
Hincksidris Donisthorpe, 1944b: 59 [as subgenus of
Myrmelachista]. Replacement n a m e for Decamera
Roger, 1863a: 166. [Junior h o m o n y m of Decamera
Mulsant, 1842: 503.] Hincksidris provisional j u n i o r
s y n o n y m of Myrmelachista: B r o w n , 1973b: 1 8 1 .
Hincksidris j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Myrmelachista: Snell­
ing & Hunt, 1976: 110.
[HIPHOPELTA (misspelling)
Hiphopelta Forel, 1913a: 108, i n c o r r e d s u b s e q u e n t
spelling of Xiphopelta.]
HOLCOMYRMEX (junior s y n o n y m of Monomorium)
Holcomyrmex Mayr, 1879: 6 7 1 . Type-spedes:
Holcomyrmex scabriceps, b y s u b s e q u e n t designation of
Bingham, 1 9 0 3 : 2 8 0 . [Holcomyrmex Smith, F. 1873:
ix, nomen nudum attributed to Mayr.] Holcomyrmex
j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Monomorium: Emery, 1908h:
667. Holcomyrmex revived from s y n o n y m y as subge­
n u s of Monomorium: Emery, 1915i: 190.
Holcomyrmex j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Monomorium:
Ettershank, 1966: 82; see also discussion in Bolton,
1987:295.
HOLCOPONERA (junior s y n o n y m of Gnamptogenys)
Holcoponera Mayr, 1887: 540 [as subgenus of
Ectatomma]. Type-spedes: Gnamptogenysstriatula, by
s u b s e q u e n t designation of Emery, 1911 d: 4 0 .
Holcoponera raised to g e n u s : Emery, 1902b: 181;
m a i n t a i n e d as g e n u s : Emery, 191 I d : 40; Wheeler,
W.M. 1922a: 6 4 3 . Key to s p e d e s : Santschi, 1929h:
4 7 1 (out of date). Holcoponera j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Gnamptogenys: B r o w n , 1 9 5 8 g : 2 1 1 .
HOLCOPONERA (junior h o m o n y m , j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Cylindromyrmex)
Holcoponera Cameron, 1 8 9 1 : 92. Type-spedes:
Holcoponera whymperi (junior s y n o n y m of Cyl­
indromyrmex striatus), b y m o n o t y p y . [Junior h o m ­
o n y m of Holcoponera Mayr, above.] Holcoponera
C a m e r o n j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Cylindromyrmex: Forel,
1892f: 2 5 6 .
HOLOPONE (junior s y n o n y m of Eciton)
Holopone Santschi, 1925b: 11 [as subgenus of Eciton].
Type-spedes: Eciton rapax, by original designation.
Holopone j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Eciton: Borgmeier,
1936:55.
HOPLOMYRMUS (junior s y n o n y m of Myrma)
Hoplomyrmus Gerstacker, 1 8 5 9 : 2 6 2 . Type-spedes:
Hoplomyrmus schistaceus, by m o n o t y p y .
[Hoplomyrmus also described as n e w by Gerstacker,
1862: 508.] Hoplomyrmus j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Poly­
rhachis: Roger, 1861b: 174; Mayr, 1863: 446; Dalla
Torre, 1 8 9 3 : 2 5 7 . Hoplomyrmus j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Myrma: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 993; Emery, 1925b:
198; Bolton, 1973b: 2 8 8 .
HUBERIA (Myrmicinae: Pheidolini)
Huberia Forel, 1890b: cv. Type-spedes: Tetramorium
striatum, by m o n o t y p y . Review of g e n u s :
Ettershank, 1966: 155; see also notes in B r o w n ,
1958h:25.
HYLIDRIS (junior s y n o n y m of Pristomyrmex)
Hylidris Weber, 1941a: 190. Type-spedes: Hylidris
myersi (junior s y n o n y m of Pristomyrmex africanus),
by original designation. Hylidris j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Pristomyrmex: B r o w n , 1953c: 9.
HYLOMYRMA (Myrmicinae: Myrrnicini)
Hylomyrma Forel, 1912g: 16 [as subgenus of
Pogonomyrmex]. Type-spedes: Pogonomyrmex
(Hylomyrma) columbicus, by original designation.
Hylomyrma raised to genus: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a:
660 ( i n k e y ) ; m a i n t a i n e d as g e n u s B r o w n , 1953h:3.
Hylomyrma senior s y n o n y m of Lundella: B r o w n ,
1953h: 3. Revision of genus: Kempf, 1973b: 2 2 5 .
#HYPERCOLOBOPSIS (subgenus of Camponotus)
Hypercolobopsis Emery, 1920b: 250 [as subgenus of
Camponotus]. Type-species: Colobopsisparadoxa, by
original designation. Hypercolobopsis senior s y n o n y m
of Neocolobopsis: Kempf, 1968b: 4 1 1 . Hypercolobopsis
provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Camponotus: B r o w n ,
1973b: 181 (unconfirmed).
HYPOCHIRA (not identifiable to subfamily)
Hypochira Buckley, 1866a: 169 [as subgenus of For­
mica]. Type-spedes: Formica (Hypochira) subspinosa,
by m o n o t y p y . Hypochira j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Formica:
Dalla Torre, 1893: 192; Agosti, 1994a: 106.
Hypochira questionably j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Dolichoderus:Emery, 1895c: 338; Emery, 1925b:
2 7 1 . Hypochira unplaced t a x o n of Dolichoderinae:
Smith, D.R. 1 9 7 9 : 1 4 2 2 . Unrecognisable t a x o n .
HYPOCLINEA (junior s y n o n y m of Dolichoderus)
Hypoclinea Mayr, 1855: 377. Type-spedes: Formica
quadripunctata, by s u b s e q u e n t designation of
Wheeler, W.M. 191 If: 165. Hypoclinea j u n i o r syn­
o n y m of Dolichoderus: Forel, 1878: 386. Hypoclinea
revived from s y n o n y m y as subgenus of Dolichoderus:
Emery, 1894c: 234; m a i n t a i n e d as subgenus: Emery,
1912g: 10. Hypoclinea raised to g e n u s : Kempf,
1972a: 118. Hypoclinea provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m
of Dolichoderus: B r o w n , 1973b: 1 8 1 . Hypoclinea
j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Dolichoderus: Shattuck, 1992c: 66.
HYPOCRYPTOCERUS (junior s y n o n y m of Zacryptocerus)
Hypocryptocerus Wheeler, W.M. 1920: 53 [as subgenus
of Cryptocerus]. Type-spedes: Formica
haemorrhoidalis, by original designation.
Hypocryptocerus raised to g e n u s : Wheeler, W.M.
1936b: 2 0 0 . Revision of genus: Kempf, 1 9 5 1 : 143.
Hypocryptocerus j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Zacryptocerus:
Kempf, 1973c: 4 6 0 .
HYPOCYLINDROMYRMEX (junior s y n o n y m of Cyl­
indromyrmex)
HypocylindromyrmexWheeler, W.M. 1924a: 106 [as
Genus-Group Taxa 31
 subgenus of Cylindromyrmex]. Type-species: Cyl­
indromyrmex longiceps, by original designation.
Hypocylindromyrmex provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Cylindromyrmex: B r o w n , 1 9 7 3 b : 1 8 1 .
Hypocylindromyrmex j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Cyl­
indromyrmex: B r o w n , 1975: 36.
HYPOPHEIDOLE {nomen nudum)
Hypopheidole Ashmead, 1905b: 383, nomennudum.
*HYPOPOMYRMEX (Myrmicinae: Pheidologetonini)
*Hypopomyrmex Emery, 1891a: 148. Type-species:
*Hypopomyrmexbombiccii, by m o n o t y p y .
*Hypopomyrmex transferred from Dacetini to
Pheidologetonini: B r o w n & Carpenter, 1 9 7 9 : 4 2 2 .
HYPOPONERA (Ponerinae: Ponerini)
Hypoponera Santschi, 1938b: 79 [as subgenus oi Pon­
era]. Type-species: Ponera abeillei, by original desig­
n a t i o n . Hypoponera raised to genus: Taylor, 1967a: 9.
IBEROFORMICA (junior s y n o n y m of Formica)
Iberoformica Tinaut, 1 9 9 0 : 2 8 2 [as subgenus of For­
mica]. Type-species: Formica subrufa, by original des­
ignation. Iberoformica j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Formica:
Agosti, 1994a: 107.
ICOTHORAX (junior s y n o n y m of Myrafant)
Icothorax H a m a n n & Klemm, 1 9 6 7 : 4 1 5 [as subgenus
of Leptothorax]. Type-species: Leptothorax (Icothorax)
megalops, by m o n o t y p y . Icothorax j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Myrafant: Baroni Urbani, 1978b: 556. Icothorax
j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Chalepoxenus: Holldobler & Wil­
son, 1990: 13; reverts h e r e to s y n o n y m y of Myraf­
ant. [Myrafant j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Leptothorax:
Bolton, 1982: 319.]
IDRISELLA (junior s y n o n y m of Pheidologeton)
Idrisella Santschi, 1937h: 372. Type-species:
Pheidologeton dentiviris, by original designation.
Idrisella j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pheidologeton:
Ettershank, 1966: 115.
*ILEMOMYRMEX (Myrrmcinae: Stenammini?)
*Ilemomyrmex Wilson, 1985a: 2. Type-species:
*Ilemomyrmex caecus, by original designation.
*IMHOFFIA (Formicinae: unplaced to tribe)
*Imhoffia Heer, 1 8 5 0 : 1 5 3 . Type-species: *Imhoffia nigra,
by m o n o t y p y .
INDOMYRMA (Myrmicinae: Stenammini)
Indomyrma B r o w n , 1986: 37. Type-species: Indomyrma
dasypyx, by original designation.
IRENE A (junior s y n o n y m of Myrmatopa)
Irenea Donisthorpe, 1938e: 502 [as subgenus of
Dolichoderus]. Type-species: Dolichoderus (Irenea)
omyrmex, by original designation. Irenea raised to
g e n u s : Donisthorpe, 1941h: 59. Irenea provisional
j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Polyrhachis: B r o w n , 1973b: 1 8 1 .
Irenea j u n i o r s y n o n y m oiMyrmatopa: Bolton, 1994:
50.
IRENEELLA (junior s y n o n y m of Rhoptromyrmex)
Ireneella Donisthorpe, 1941i: 175. Type-species:
Ireneellapapuensis (junior s y n o n y m of
Rhoptromyrmex melleus), by original designation.
Ireneella j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Rhoptromyrmex: Bolton,
1976:298.
IRENEIDRIS (junior s y n o n y m oi Monomorium)
Ireneidris Donisthorpe, 1943c: 8 1 . Type-species:
Ireneidris myops (junior s y n o n y m oi Monomorium
talpa), by original designation. Ireneidris j u n i o r syn­
32 Genus-Group Taxa
o n y m of Monomorium: Ettershank, 1966: 82; see
also notes in Bolton, 1 9 8 7 : 2 9 8 .
IRENEOPONE (Myrmicinae: Formicoxenini)
Ireneopone Donisthorpe, 1946d: 2 4 2 . Type-species:
Ireneoponegibber, b y original designation. See also
notes in Bolton, 1976: 2 9 2 .
IRIDOMYRMEX (Dolichoderinae)
Iridomyrmex Mayr, 1 8 6 2 : 7 0 2 . Type-species: Formica
detecta (junior s y n o n y m of Iridomyrmexpurpureus),
by s u b s e q u e n t designation of Bingham, 1 9 0 3 : 2 9 7 .
Review of g e n u s : Shattuck, 1992a: 14; Shattuck,
1992c: 1 0 1 . Keys to species: Shattuck, 1993a: 113
(purpureus-gxoup); Shattuck, 1993b: 1303 (calvus-
group). See also: Shattuck, 1994: 99.
IROGERA (junior s y n o n y m of Rogeria)
Irogera Emery, 19151:191 [as subgenus of Rogeria].
Type-species: Rogeria procera, by original designa­
tion. Irogera raised to genus: B r o w n , 1953h: 4 (in
text); m a i n t a i n e d as genus: Kempf, 1961d: 4 3 6 . Key
to species: Kempf, 1964e: 66. Irogera j u n i o r syn­
o n y m of Rogeria: Kempf, 1965: 185.
ISCHNOMYRMEX (junior s y n o n y m of Pheidole)
Ischnomyrmex Mayr, 1862: 7 3 8 . Type-species: Myrmica
longipes, by m o n o t y p y . Ischnomyrmex subgenus of
Stenamma: Emery, 1895c: 2 9 8 . Ischnomyrmex revived
status as genus: Stitz, 1911a: 367. Ischnomyrmex sub­
g e n u s of Pheidole: Forel, 1913k: 4 9 . Ischnomyrmex
revived status as g e n u s : Emery, 1914a: 40; m a i n ­
tained as g e n u s : Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 6 6 1 ; Emery,
1922e: 113. Ischnomyrmex senior s y n o n y m of
Isopheidole: Forel, 1913k: 4 9 . Ischnomyrmex provi­
sional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pheidole: B r o w n , 1973b:
1 8 1 . Ischnomyrmex j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pheidole:
Smith, D.R. 1979: 1365.
ISHAKIDRIS (Myrmicinae: Phalacromyrmecini)
Ishakidris Bolton, 1984: 374. Type-species: Ishakidris
ascitaspis, b y original designation.
ISOLCOMYRMEX (junior s y n o n y m of Monomorium)
Isolcomyrmex Santschi, 1917b: 296 [as subgenus of
Monomorium]. Type-species: Holcomyrmex santschii
(junior secondary h o m o n y m in Monomorium,
replaced by Monomorium santschianum), by
m o n o t y p y . Isolcomyrmex j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Monomorium: Ettershank, 1966: 82; see also notes in
Bolton, 1987: 296. [Isholcomyrmex Santschi, 1936a:
32, incorrect s u b s e q u e n t spelling.]
ISOPHEIDOLE (junior s y n o n y m of Ischnomyrmex)
Isopheidole Forel, 1912m: 765 [as subgenus of
Pheidole]. Type-species: Myrmica longipes, by
m o n o t y p y . Isopheidole j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Ischnomyrmex: Forel, 1913k: 4 9 . [Ischnomyrmex
j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pheidole: Smith, D.R. 1979:
1365.]
JANETIA (junior h o m o n y m , see Forelomyrmex)
Janetia Forel, 1899c: 61 (footnote) [as subgenus of
Pogonomyrmex]. Type-species: Pogonomyrmex
(Janetia) mayri, by m o n o t y p y . [Junior h o m o n y m of
Janetia Kieffer, 1896: 236 (Diptera).] Forelomyrmex
Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 80, r e p l a c e m e n t n a m e for
Janetia Forel.
JOHNIA (junior s y n o n y m of Aulacomyrma)
Johnia Karavaiev, 1927e: 4 3 [as subgenus of Poly­
rhachis]. Type-species: Polyrhachis (Johnia)
schizospina, by m o n o t y p y . Johnia j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Aulacomyrma: Hung, 1967b: 4 0 2 .
#KARAVAIEVIA (subgenus of Camponotus)
Karavaievia Emery, 1925b: 115 [as subgenus of
Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotusexsectus, by
original designation. Karavaievia provisional j u n i o r
s y n o n y m of Camponotus: B r o w n , 1973b: 181
(unconfirmed). Key to species: D u m p e r t , 1986: 5 7 1 .
KARAWAJEWELLA (junior s y n o n y m of Dolichoderus)
Karawajewella Donisthorpe, 1944b: 59. Replacement
n a m e for Diabolus Karavaiev, 1 9 2 6 d : 4 2 4 . [Junior
h o m o n y m oiDiabolus Gray, J.E. 1841:400.]
Karawajewella provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Dolichoderus: B r o w n , 1973b: 1 8 1 . Karawajewella
j u n i o r s y n o n y m oi Dolichoderus: Shattuck, 1992c: 66.
KARTIDRIS (Myrmicinae: Pheidolini)
Kartidris Bolton, 1 9 9 1 : 1 0 . Type-species: Kartidris nyos,
by original designation. Key to species: Bolton,
1991: 12.
*KOTSHKORKIA (Dolichoderinae)
*Kotshkorkia DIussky, 1981b: 7 1 . Type-species:
*Kotshkorkia laticeps, by original designation.
KYIDRIS (Myrmicinae: Dacetini)
Kyidris B r o w n , 1949d: 3. Type-species: Kyidris mutica,
by original designation. Kyidris senior s y n o n y m of
Polyhomoa: Creighton, 1950b: 9 3 ; see also B r o w n &
Yasumatsu, 1 9 5 1 : 9 3 . Revision of genus: Wilson &
B r o w n , 1 9 5 6 : 4 3 9 . [See n o t e u n d e r Strumigenys.]
LABAUCHENA (junior s y n o n y m of Solenopsis)
Labauchena Santschi, 1930e: 8 1 . Type-species:
Labauchena daguerrei, by m o n o t y p y . Labauchena
j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Solenopsis: Ettershank, 1 9 6 6 : 1 3 4 .
LABIDOGENYS (junior s y n o n y m of Strumigenys)
Labidogenys Roger, 1862a: 249. Type-species:
Labidogenys lyroessa, by m o n o t y p y . Labidogenys
j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Strumigenys: Roger, 1863b: 40;
Dalla Torre, 1893: 145; Bingham, 1903: 147.
Labidogenys revived from s y n o n y m y : B r o w n , 1948e:
102. Labidogenys j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Strumigenys:
B r o w n & Wilson, 1959b: 2 8 1 ; B r o w n , 1960b: 38;
Bolton, 1 9 8 3 : 3 5 8 .
LABWUS ( E d t o n i n a e : E d t o n i n i )
Labidus J u r i n e , 1 8 0 7 : 2 8 2 . Type-spedes: Labidus
latreillei (junior s y n o n y m of Labidus coecus), by
m o n o t y p y . Labidus j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Eciton: Dalla
Torre, 1 8 9 3 : 1 . Labidus revived from s y n o n y m y as
subgenus of Baton: Emery, 1910b: 2 1 . Labidus
revived status as genus: Borgmeier, 1953: 4. Labidus
senior s y n o n y m of Nycteresia a n d Pseudodichthadia:
Emery, 1910b: 2 1 . Revision of g e n u s : Borgmeier,
1955b: 80. Key to s p e d e s : Watkins, 1976: 8.
LACHNOMYRMEX (Myrmicinae: Stenammini)
Lachnomyrmex Wheeler, W.M. 1910a: 2 6 3 . Type-spe­
d e s : Lachnomyrmexscrobiculatus, by m o n o t y p y . Revi­
sion of g e n u s : Smith, M.R. 1944e: 2 2 5 . Key to
s p e d e s : Weber, 1950c: 3.
LAMPROMYRMEX (junior s y n o n y m of Monomorium)
LampromyrmexMayr, 1868c: 9 3 . Type-spedes:
*Lampromyrmexgracillimus (junior secondary h o m ­
o n y m in Monomorium, replaced by *Monomorium
mayrianum), by m o n o t y p y . Lampromyrmex j u n i o r
s y n o n y m of Monomorium: Wheeler, W.M. 1915h:
4 5 . Lampromyrmex revived from s y n o n y m y as subge­
n u s oi Monomorium, a n d senior s y n o n y m of Mitara:
Emery, 1922e: 183. Lampromyrmex junior s y n o n y m
oiMonomorium: Ettershank, 1966: 82; see also notes
in Bolton, 1 9 8 7 : 2 9 9 .
LAPAROMYRMEX (junior s y n o n y m of Liomyrmex)
Laparomyrmex Emery, 1887b: 4 6 1 . Type-species:
Laparomyrmexgestroi, by m o n o t y p y . Laparomyrmex
j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Liomyrmex: Dalla Torre, 1893: 6 3 .
LASIOPHANES (Formicinae: Melophorini)
Lasiophanes Emery, 1895i: 16 [as subgenus of
Melophorus]. Type-species: Formica nigriventris
(junior primary h o m o n y m in Formica; Lasiophanes
atriventris first available replacement n a m e ) , by sub­
sequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 191 If: 165.
Lasiophanes raised to genus: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a:
6 9 5 . Key to species: Snelling & Hunt, 1976: 104.
LASIUS (Formicinae: Lasiini)
Lasius Fabridus, 1 8 0 4 : 4 1 5 . Type-spedes: Formica
nigra, by s u b s e q u e n t designation of Bingham, 1903:
338. [Lasius J u r i n e , 1 8 0 1 : 1 6 4 (Apidae): r e s u r r e d e d
by Morice & D u r r e n t , 1 9 1 5 : 4 2 1 , suppressed by A d
of Commission.] Lasius incorrectly as j u n i o r syn­
o n y m of Acanthomyops: Forel, 1 9 1 6 : 4 6 0 ;
Donisthorpe, 1916c: 2 7 6 . Lasius incorrectly as
j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Formidna: Emery, 1916a: 6 1 ;
Bondroit, 1 9 1 8 : 1 9 . Lasius valid g e n u s a n d senior
s y n o n y m of Donisthorpea: Wheeler, W.M. 1916k:
172; Emery, 1925b: 226. Revision of genus: Wilson,
1955a: 3. S u b s e q u e n t revisionary studies w i t h keys:
Agosti & Collingwood, 1987b: 2 8 1 ; Arnol'di &
DIussky, 1978: 555; Bernard, 1967: 350; Colling­
w o o d , 1978: 89; Collingwood, 1979: 92; Colling­
w o o d , 1982: 2 8 3 ; Kupyanskaya, 1989: 779; Kutter,
1977c: 2 0 8 ; Seifert, 1988a: 143; Seifert, 1 9 9 0 : 1 ;
Seifert, 1992b: l;Tarbinsky, 1976: 1 3 3 . See also
Agosti & Bolton, 1990b: 149. Subgenera of Lasius:
n o m i n a l plus Austrolasius, Cautolasius, Chthonolasius,
Dendrolasius.
LATINODA (junior s y n o n y m of Pseudomyrmex)
Latinoda E n z m a n n , E.V. 1944: 62 [as "branch" of
Pseudomyrma]. Type-spedes: Pseudomyrma latinoda,
by original designation. Latinoda j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Pseudomyrmex: Ward, 1 9 9 0 : 4 6 9 .
LECANOMYRMA (junior s y n o n y m of Oligomyrmex)
Lecanomyrma Forel, 1913k: 56 [as subgenus of
Pheidologeton]. Type-spedes: Pheidologeton
(Lecanomyrma) butteli, by m o n o t y p y . Lecanomyrma
subgenus of Aneleus: Emery, 1922f: 2 1 5 .
Lecanomyrma j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Oligomyrmex:
Ettershank, 1966: 119.
LEIOPELTA (junior s y n o n y m of Belonopelta)
Leiopelta Baroni Urbani, 1975b: 309. Type-spedes:
Belonopelta deletrix, by original designation. Leiopelta
j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Belonopelta: Holldobler & Wilson,
1 9 9 0 : 1 0 , h e r e confirmed.
LEONOMYRMA (junior s y n o n y m of Chalepoxenus)
Leonomyrma Arnol'di, 1 9 6 8 : 1 8 0 9 . Type-spedes:
Leonomyrma spinosa, by original designation.
Leonomyrma provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Leptothorax: B r o w n , 1973b: 1 8 1 . Leonomyrma j u n i o r
s y n o n y m of Chalepoxenus: Buschinger, 1987: 117.
LEPIDOPONE (junior s y n o n y m of Asphindopone)
Lepidopone Bernard, 1953b: 2 0 7 . Type-spedes:
Lepidopone lamottei (junior s y n o n y m of Asphindopone
silvestrii), by m o n o t y p y . Lepidopone j u n i o r s y n o n y m
of Asphindopone: B r o w n , 1953h: 2.
LEPISIOTA ( F o r m i d n a e : Plagiolepidini)
Lepisiota Santschi, 1926a: 15 [as subgenus of
Acantholepis]. Type-spedes: Plagiolepis rothneyi, by
original designation. Lepisiota first available replace­
m e n t n a m e for Acantholepis M a y r (junior h o m ­
o n y m , see Acantholepis, above), h e n c e valid n a m e of
g e n u s . Lepisiota senior s y n o n y m of Baroniurbania
(unnecessary replacement n a m e for Acantholepis):
Bolton, 1994: 5 1 . Taxa i n d u d e d in Pseudacantholepis
(unavailable) referable to Lepisiota. [Lepisiota incor­
rectly as j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Acanthomyrmex: B r o w n ,
1973b: 181; Snelling, 1 9 8 1 : 397, in error.]
LEPTALEA (junior s y n o n y m of Pseudomyrma)
Leptalea Erichson, 1839: 309. Type-spedes: Formica
gradlis, by s u b s e q u e n t designation of Wheeler, W.M.
1911 f: 16 6. Leptalea j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Pseudomyrma: Smith, F. 1858b: 153. [Pseudomyrma
j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pseudomyrmex: Smith, M.R.
1952a: 98.] [Leptalaea Spinola, 1851b: 52; Spinola,
1853: 6 8 , i n c o r r e d s u b s e q u e n t spelling.]
LEPTANILLA (Leptanillinae: Leptanillini)
Leptanilla Emery, 1870: 196. Type-spedes: Leptanilla
revelierii, by m o n o t y p y . Leptanilla senior s y n o n y m of
Leptomesites: Baroni Urbani, 1977c: 4 3 3 . Revision of
genus: Baroni Urbani, 1977c: 4 2 7 .
LEPTANILLOIDES (Leptanmoidinae)
Leptanilloides M a n n , 1 9 2 3 : 1 3 . Type-spedes:
Leptanilloides biconstrida, by original designation.
LEPTOGENYS (Ponerinae: Ponerini)
Leptogenys Roger, 1861a: 4 1 . Type-spedes: Leptogenys
faldgera, by s u b s e q u e n t designation of Bingham,
1903: 52. Leptogenys senior s y n o n y m of Microbolbos:
Wilson, 1955c: 136. Leptogenys senior s y n o n y m of
Dorylozelus: Taylor, 1 9 6 9 : 1 3 2 . Leptogenys senior syn­
o n y m of Machaerogenys a n d Lobopelta: Bolton,
1975a: 240. Leptogenys senior s y n o n y m of
Odontopelta: Taylor & B r o w n , D.R. 1985: 32.
Leptogenys senior s y n o n y m of Prionogenys: Taylor,
1988: 3 3 . Keys to Melanesian s p e d e s : Wilson,
1958a: 113; to N e w Caledonian s p e d e s : Wilson,
1958a: 136; to Fijian s p e d e s : M a n n , 1 9 2 1 : 4 2 6 ; to
Afrotropical a n d Malagasy s p e d e s : Bolton, 1975a:
244, 2 9 3 respectively.
LEPTOMESITES (junior s y n o n y m of Leptanilla)
Leptomesites Kutter, 1 9 4 8 : 2 8 6 . Type-spedes: Leptomes­
ites escheri, by original designation. Leptomesites
j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Leptanilla: Baroni Urbani, 1977 c:
433.
LEPTOMYRMA (junior s y n o n y m of Pheidole)
Leptomyrma Motschoulsky, 1 8 6 3 : 1 7 . Type-spedes:
Leptomyrmagradlipes, by m o n o t y p y . Leptomyrma
j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pheidole: Emery, 1892b: 166.
LEPTOMYRMEX (Dolichoderinae)
LeptomyrmexMayr, 1862: 6 9 5 . Type-spedes: Formica
erythrocephala, by m o n o t y p y . Revision of genus:
Wheeler, W.M. 1934c: 69. Review of genus:
Shattuck, 1992c: 106.
*LEPTOMYRMULA (Dolichoderinae)
*LeptomyrmulaEmery, 1912g: 16 (footnote). Type-spe­
d e s : *Leptomyrmex maravignae, by m o n o t y p y .
LEPTOPONE (junior s y n o n y m of Centromyrmex)
Leptopone Arnold, 1 9 1 6 : 1 6 3 [as subgenus of
Glyphopone]. Type-spedes: Glyphopone (Leptopone)
rufigaster (junior s y n o n y m of Centromyrmex
bequaerti), by original designation. Leptopone raised
to g e n u s : Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 647. Leptopone
j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Centromyrmex: B r o w n , 1963: 9.
LEPTOTHORAX (Myrrmcinae: Formicoxenini)
Leptothorax Mayr, 1 8 5 5 : 4 3 1 . Type-spedes: Formica
acervorum, by s u b s e q u e n t designation of Bingham,
1 9 0 3 : 2 1 4 . [Type-spedes n o t Myrmica clypeata,
unjustified s u b s e q u e n t designation by Emery,
1922f: 248.] Leptothorax senior s y n o n y m of Tem-
nothorax: Forel, 1890a: lxxii. Leptothorax senior syn­
o n y m oiMychothorax: Smith, M.R. 1950: 2 9 .
Leptothorax provisional senior s y n o n y m of Anti-
llaemyrmex, Caulomyrma, Croesomyrmex, Dichothorax,
Goniothorax, Icothorax, Limnomyrmex, Macromischa,
Mychothorax, Myrmammophilus, Myrafant,
Nesomyrmex, Temnothorax: B r o w n , 1973b: 1 7 8 - 1 8 5 .
Leptothorax senior s y n o n y m of Dichothorax,
Mychothorax, Myrafant (and its j u n i o r s y n o n y m
Icothorax), Myrmammophilus, Nesomyrmex (and its
j u n i o r s y n o n y m s Caulomyrma, Goniothorax (junior
h o m o n y m ) a n d Limnomyrmex), Temnothorax,
Tetramyrma: Bolton, 1982: 319. Leptothorax senior
s y n o n y m oi Macromischa (and its j u n i o r s y n o n y m s
Antillaemyrmexand Croesomyrmex): Snelling, 1986:
154. Leptothorax senior s y n o n y m of Nesomyrmex, a n d
h e n c e of its j u n i o r s y n o n y m Meia: Bolton, 1994:
105. [One or m o r e m e m b e r s of this tangle of cur­
r e n t j u n i o r s y n o n y m s m a y be w o r t h y of generic sta­
tus, b u t until this group of n a m e s a n d t h e o t h e r
related formicoxenine genera can b e analysed
together, o n a world-wide basis, it is probably best
t o retain t h e m as j u n i o r synonyms.] Keys to s p e d e s
formerly in Nesomyrmex (Neotropical): Kempf,
1959c: 394; to s p e d e s formerly in Macromischa
(Neotropical): Baroni Urbani, 1978b: 5 3 3 .
Leptothorax, keys t o Nearctic s p e d e s : Creighton,
1950a: 256; to Afrotropical s p e d e s : Bolton, 1982:
323; to Palaearctic s p e d e s : Agosti & Collingwood,
1987b: 273 (Balkans); Arnol'di & DIussky, 1978:
540 (former E u r o p e a n U.S.S.R., to t h e Urals); Ber­
nard, 1 9 6 7 : 1 9 0 (France a n d M e d i t e r r a n e a n basin);
Collingwood, 1978: 83 (Spain); Collingwood, 1979:
69 (Fennoscandia a n d D e n m a r k ) ; Kutter, 1977c:
103 (Switzerland); R a d c h e n k o , 1994d: 146 (central
& eastern Palaearctic).
LEPTOXENUS (nomen nudum)
Leptoxenus Forel, 1 9 1 7 : 2 4 5 (attributed to Santschi),
nomen nudum.
*LEUCOTAPHUS ( F o r m i d n a e : Formicini)
*Leucotaphus Donisthorpe, 1920: 89. Type-spedes:
*Leptothoraxgurnetensis, by original designation.
LILIDRIS (junior s y n o n y m of Solenopsis)
Lilidris Kusnezov, 1957a: 2 7 4 . Type-spedes: Lilidris
metatarsalis, by original designation. [Lilidris also
described as n e w by Kusnezov, 1958b: 189.] Lilidris
j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Solenopsis: Ettershank, 1 9 6 6 : 1 3 4 .
LIMNOMYRMEX (junior s y n o n y m of Nesomyrmex)
Limnomyrmex Arnold, 1948: 2 2 2 . Type-spedes:
Limnomyrmexstramineus, by original designation.
Limnomyrmex j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Nesomyrmex:
B r o w n , 1971a: 4 . [Nesomyrmex j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Leptothorax:'Bolton, 1982: 319.]
LINEPITHEMA (Dolichoderinae)
Linepithema Mayr, 1866a: 4 9 6 . Type-spedes:
Linepithemafusca, by monotypy. Review of genus:
Shattuck, 1992a: 16; Shattuck, 1992c: 114.
LIOMETOPUM (Dolichoderinae)
Liometopum Mayr, 1 8 6 1 : 38. Type-spedes: Formica
miaocephala, by m o n o t y p y . Liometopum senior syn-
Genus-Group Taxa 33
 o n y m of *Ctenobethylus, a n d review of genus:
Shattuck, 1992c: 1 2 1 .
LIOMYRMEX (Myrmicinae: Metaponini)
Liomyrmex Mayr, 1865: 2 3 . Type-species: Myrmica caeca
(junior primary h o m o n y m ; replaced by getroi, first
available replacement n a m e ) . Liomyrmex senior syn­
o n y m of Laparomyrmex: Dalla Torre, 1893: 6 3 .
Liomyrmex senior s y n o n y m of Promyrma: Forel,
1913k: 26. Review of genus: Ettershank, 1 9 6 6 : 1 5 2 .
LIOPONERA (junior s y n o n y m of Cerapachys)
Lioponera Mayr, 1879: 666. Type-species: Lioponera
longitarsus, by monotypy. Lioponera subgenus of
Cerapachys: Forel, 18921:244. Lioponera revived sta­
tus as g e n u s : Dalla Torre, 1 8 9 3 : 1 7 ; m a i n t a i n e d as
genus: Bingham, 1 9 0 3 : 2 6 ; Emery, 1911d: 1 1 .
Lioponera j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Cerapachys: B r o w n ,
1975: 19.
LITHOMYRMEX (junior s y n o n y m oi Amblyopone)
Lithomyrmex Clark, 1928a: 30. Type-species:
Lithomyrmex glauerti, by original designation.
Lithomyrmex j u n i o r s y n o n y m oi Amblyopone: Brown,
1960a: 156.
*LITHOMYRMEX (junior h o m o n y m , see
*Eulithomyrmex)
*Lithomyrmex Carpenter, 1930: 34. Type-species:
*Lithomyrmex rugosus, b y original designation.
[Junior h o m o n y m of Lithomyrmex Clark, above.]
*Eulithomyrmex Carpenter, 1 9 3 5 : 9 1 , replacement
n a m e for *Lithomyrmex Carpenter.
LOBOGNATHUS (junior s y n o n y m of Veromessor)
Lobognathus E n z m a n n , J. 1947b: 152 [as s u b g e n u s of
Veromessor]. E r r o n e o u s entry for Veromessor
lobognathus a n d h e n c e j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Ver­
omessor: B r o w n , 1949a: 4 9 . [Veromessor j u n i o r syn­
o n y m of Messor: Bolton, 1982: 338.]
LOBOMYRMEX (junior s y n o n y m of Tetramorium)
Lobomyrmex Kratochvil, 1 9 4 1 : 84 [as subgenus of
Tetramorium]. Type-species: Tetramorium
(Lobomyrmex) ferox silhavyi (junior s y n o n y m of
Tetramorium ferox), by m o n o t y p y . Lobomyrmex provi­
sional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Tetramorium: B r o w n ,
1973b: 181. Lobomyrmex j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Tetramorium: Bolton, 1976: 359.
LOBOPELTA (junior s y n o n y m of Leptogenys)
Lobopelta Mayr, 1862: 7 3 3 . Type-species: Ponera
diminuta, b y subsequent designation of Bingham,
1903: 54. Lobopelta subgenus of Leptogenys: Forel,
1892k: 520. Lobopelta revived status as genus: Dalla
Torre, 1 8 9 3 : 4 3 ; m a i n t a i n e d as genus: Bingham,
1903: 54. Lobopelta j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Leptogenys:
Emery, 1896e: 177 (footnote). Lobopelta revived
from s y n o n y m y as subgenus of Leptogenys: Forel,
1900d: 304; m a i n t a i n e d as subgenus: Emery,
191 Id: 101; Forel, 1 9 1 7 : 2 3 8 ; Wheeler, W.M.
1922a: 6 5 3 . Lobopelta provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Leptogenys: B r o w n , 1973b: 1 8 1 . Lobopelta j u n i o r syn­
o n y m of Leptogenys: Bolton, 1975a: 2 4 0 .
*LONCHOMYRMEX (Myrmicinae: Pheidolini?)
*Lonchomyrmex Mayr, 1867b: 6 1 . Type-species: *Formica
freyeri, by m o n o t y p y .
LONCYDA (junior s y n o n y m of Cardiocondyla)
Loncyda Santschi, 1930b: 70 [as subgenus of Car­
diocondyla]. Type-species: Cardiocondyla (Loncyda)
monardi, by monotypy. Loncyda provisional j u n i o r
s y n o n y m of Cardiocondyla: B r o w n , 1973b: 1 8 1 .
34 Genus-Group Taxa
Loncyda j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Cardiocondyla: Bolton,
1982: 309.
LOPHOMYRMEX (Myrmicinae: Pheidolini)
Lophomyrmex Emery, 1892a: 114. Type-species:
Oecodoma quadrispinosa, b y m o n o t y p y . Review of
genus: Ettershank, 1 9 6 6 : 1 3 2 . Revision of genus:
Rigato, 1994a: 4 7 .
LORDOMYRMA (Myrmicinae: Stenammini)
Lordomyrma Emery, 1897c: 5 9 1 . Type-species:
Lordomyrmafurcifera, by s u b s e q u e n t designation of
Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 166. Lordomyrma senior syn­
o n y m of Prodicroaspis a n d Promeranoplus: Bolton,
1994:106.
LOWERIELLA (Dohchoderinae)
Loweriella Shattuck, 1992c: 126. Type-species:
Loweriella boltoni, by original designation.
LUNDELLA (junior s y n o n y m of Hylomyrma)
Lundella Emery, 1915i: 1 9 1 . Type-species: Tetramorium
reitteri, by original designation. Lundella j u n i o r syn­
o n y m of Hylomyrma: B r o w n , 1953h: 3.
MACHAEROGENYS (junior s y n o n y m of Leptogenys)
Machaerogenys Emery, 191 I d : 100 [as subgenus of
Leptogenys]. Type-spedes: Leptogenys truncatirostris,
by original designation. Machaerogenys provisional
j u n i o r s y n o n y m of leptogenys: B r o w n , 1973b: 1 8 1 .
Machaerogenys j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Leptogenys: Bolton,
1975a: 2 4 0 .
MACHAEROMYRMA (junior s y n o n y m of Cataglyphis)
Machaeromyrma'PoxA, 1 9 1 6 : 4 4 1 [as subgenus of
Cataglyphis]. Type-spedes: Formica bombycina, by
original designation. Review of subgenus: Santschi,
1929b: 31 (out of date). Machaeromyrma j u n i o r syn­
o n y m of Cataglyphis: Baroni Urbani, 1 9 6 9 d : 2 1 8 ;
Agosti, 1994a: 1 0 3 .
MACHOMYRMA (Myrmicinae: Pheidologetonini)
Machomyrma Forel, 1895f: 4 2 5 [as subgenus of
Liomyrmex]. Type-spedes: Liomyrmex (Machomyrma)
dispar, by m o n o t y p y . Machomyrma raised to genus:
Emery, 1896e: 184.
MACROMISCHA (junior s y n o n y m of Leptothorax)
Macromischa Roger, 1863a: 184. Type-spedes:
Macromischa purpurata, by s u b s e q u e n t designation
of Wheeler, W.M. 1911 f: 166. Macromischa senior
s y n o n y m oiAntillaemyrmex a n d Croesomyrmex:
Smith, M.R. 1 9 3 7 : 8 4 9 ; Smith, M.R. 1939e: 502;
Baroni Urbani, 1978b: 3 9 8 . Macromischa provisional
j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Leptothorax: B r o w n , 1973b: 1 8 1 .
Macromischa subgenus of Leptothorax, a n d revision of
subgenus: Baroni Urbani, 1978b: 3 9 8 . Macromischa
j u n i o r s y n o n y m oi Leptothorax: Snelling, 1 9 8 6 : 1 5 4 .
MACROMISCHOIDES (junior s y n o n y m of Tetramorium)
Macromischoides Wheeler, W.M. 1920: 5 3 . Type-spe­
d e s : Macromischa aculeata, b y original designation.
Review of g e n u s : Santschi, 1924b: 206.
Macromischoides j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Tetramorium: Bol­
ton, 1976: 359; Bolton, 1 9 8 0 : 1 9 6 . [Macromichoides
Santschi, 1924b: 206, i n c o r r e d s u b s e q u e n t spell­
ing-]
MACROPHEIDOLE (junior s y n o n y m of Pheidole)
Macropheidole Emery, 1915i: 190 [as subgenus of
Pheidole]. Type-spedes: Pheidole fimbriata, by
monotypy. Macropheidole provisional j u n i o r syn­
o n y m of Pheidole: B r o w n , 1973b: 181. Macropheidole
j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pheidole: Smith, D.R. 1 9 7 9 : 1 3 6 6 .
#MALACOMYRMA (subgenus of Acropyga)
Malacomyrma Emery, 1922d: 109 [as subgenus of
Acropyga]. Type-spedes: Acropyga silvestrii, by
m o n o t y p y . Malacomyrma provisional j u n i o r syn­
o n y m of Acropyga: B r o w n , 1973b: 182
(unconfirmed).
MANICA (Myrmicinae: Myrrnicini)
Monica Jurine, 1 8 0 7 : 2 7 6 . Type-spedes: Formica
rubida, by s u b s e q u e n t designation of Wheeler, W.M.
1 9 1 1 f : 1 6 6 . Monica j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Myrmica:
Forel, 1915d: 9. Monica revived from s y n o n y m y as
subgenus of Myrmica, a n d senior s y n o n y m of
Neomyrma (and its j u n i o r s y n o n y m Oreomyrma):
Emery, 1921f: 42; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 6 6 0 .
Monica revived status as genus: Weber, 1 9 4 7 : 4 4 0 ;
Creighton, 1950a: 105.
#MANNIELLA (subgenus of Camponotus)
Manniella Wheeler, W.M. 1921a: 19 [as subgenus of
Camponotus]. Type-spedes: Camponotussphaericus, by
original designation. Manniella provisional j u n i o r
s y n o n y m of Camponotus: B r o w n , 1973b: 182
(unconfirmed).
MARTIA (junior h o m o n y m , see Forelifidis)
Martia Forel, 1907a: 20 [as subgenus oi Monomorium].
Type-spedes: Monomorium (Martia) vezenyii, by
m o n o t y p y . [Junior h o m o n y m of Martia Ragonot,
1 8 8 7 : 1 8 (Lepidoptera).] Forelifidis Smith, M.R.
1954a: 17, replacement n a m e for Martia Forel.
#MAYRIA (subgenus of Camponotus)
Mayria Forel, 1878: 369. Type-spedes: Mayria
madagascarensis (junior secondary h o m o n y m in
Camponotus, replaced by Camponotus repens), by
m o n o t y p y . Mayria subgenus of Camponotus: Forel,
1894e: 2 2 7 . Mayria provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Camponotus:Brown, 1973b: 182 (unconfirmed).
MAYRIELLA (Myrrmcinae: Stenammini?)
Mayriella Forel, 1902h: 4 5 2 . Type-spedes: Mayriella
abstinens, by m o n o t y p y . Key t o s p e d e s : Wheeler,
W M . 1935e: 154.
MAYROMYRMEX (junior s y n o n y m of Eciton)
Mayromyrmex Ashmead, 1905b: 3 8 1 . Type-spedes:
Labidus fargeavii (junior s y n o n y m of Eciton
quadriglume), by original designation. Mayromyrmex
j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Eciton: Emery, 1906a: 718.
MEGALOMYRMEX (Myrmicinae: Solenopsidini)
Megalomyrmex Forel, 1885a: 3 7 1 . Type-spedes:
Megalomyrmex leoninus, by m o n o t y p y . Megalomyrmex
senior s y n o n y m of Cepohroticus a n d Wheelerimyrmex:
Ettershank, 1 9 6 6 : 1 0 1 . Review of g e n u s : Bolton,
1 9 8 7 : 2 8 5 . Revision of g e n u s : Brandao, 1 9 9 0 : 4 1 1 .
[MEGALOPONERA (misspelling)
Megaloponera Emery, 1877b: 368, i n c o r r e d sub­
s e q u e n t spelling of Megaponera.]
MEGAPONERA (junior s y n o n y m of Pachycondyla)
Megaponera Mayr, 1862: 734. Type-spedes: Formica
foetens (junior p r i m a r y h o m o n y m in Formica,
replaced by Formica analis), by monotypy.
Megaponera j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pachycondyla: B r o w n ,
in preparation. [Megaloponera: see above.]
*MEGAPTERITES (junior s y n o n y m of *Formicium)
*Megapterites Cockerell, 1 9 2 0 : 2 7 8 . Type-spedes:
*Megapterites mirabilis, by m o n o t y p y (in family
*Pseudosiriddae). *Megapterites j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
*Formicium:LaXz, 1990: 6 1 .
 MEIA (junior s y n o n y m of Leptothorax)
Meia Pagliano & Scaramozzino, 1990: 5. Unnecessary
replacement n a m e for Goniothorax Emery, 1896g:
58. [Junior h o m o n y m of Goniothorax Milne-
Edwards, 1879:103.] [Nesomyrmex is first available
replacement n a m e for Goniothorax Emery, therefore
Meia is automatically a j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Nesomyrmex, Bolton, 1 9 9 4 : 1 0 5 . Nesomyrmex junior
s y n o n y m of Leptothorax: Bolton, 1982: 319.]
MELISSOTARSUS (Myrrmcinae: Melissotarsini)
Melissotarsus Emery, 1877b: 378. Type-spedes:
Melissotarsus beccarii, by m o n o t y p y . Review of
Afrotropical s p e d e s : Bolton, 1982: 3 3 5 .
MELOPHORUS (Formicinae: Melophorini)
Melophorus Lubbock, 1883: 5 1 . Type-spedes:
Melophorus bagoti, by m o n o t y p y . Melophorus senior
s y n o n y m of Erimelophorus a n d Trichomelophorus:
Brown, 1955d:474.
MERANOPLUS (Myrmicinae: Meranoplini)
Meranoplus Smith, F. 1 8 5 4 : 2 2 4 . Type-spedes:
Cryptocerus bicolor, by s u b s e q u e n t designation of
Bingham, 1903: 166. Revision of Afrotropical spe­
d e s : Bolton, 1981a: 4 8 . [Cryptocephalus: see above.]
#MESANOPLOLEPIS (subgenus of Anoplolepis)
Mesanoplolepis Santschi, 1926a: 14 [as subgenus of
Anoplolepis]. Type-spedes: Plagiolepis simulans, b y
original designation. Mesanoplolepis provisional
j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Anoplolepis: B r o w n , 1973b: 182
(unconfirmed).
#MESOCREMA (subgenus of Crematogaster)
Mesocrema Santschi, 1928b: 33 [as subgenus of
Crematogaster]. Type-spedes: Crematogaster
rasoherinae, by s u b s e q u e n t designation of
Donisthorpe, 1943f: 6 6 1 . Mesocrema provisional
j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Crematogaster: B r o w n , 1973b:
182 (unconfirmed).
MESOMYRMA (junior s y n o n y m of Dilobocondyla)
Mesomyrma Stitz, 1911a: 363 [as subgenus of
Podomyrma]. Type-spedes: Podomyrma (Mesomyrma)
cataulacoidea, by m o n o t y p y . Mesomyrma j u n i o r syn­
o n y m of Dilobocondyla: Emery, 1912b: 102.
MESOPONERA (junior s y n o n y m of Pachycondyla)
Mesoponera Emery, 1900d: 6 6 8 [as subgenus of
Euponera]. Type-spedes: Ponera melanaria, by
m o n o t y p y . [Mesoponera also described as n e w by
Emery, 1901a: 4 3 . Type-spedes n o t Ponera caffraria,
unjustified s u b s e q u e n t designation by Emery,
1901a: 43.] Mesoponera raised to g e n u s : Bingham,
1903: 99. Mesoponera subgenus of Euponera: Emery,
1911 d: 80; m a i n t a i n e d as subgenus: Wheeler, W.M.
1922a: 649. Mesoponera senior s y n o n y m of
Xiphopelta: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 7 7 5 . Mesoponera
revived status as g e n u s : Wilson, 1958d: 349.
Mesoponera provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Pachycondyla: B r o w n , 1973b: 182. Mesoponera j u n i o r
s y n o n y m of Pachycondyla: B r o w n , in preparation.
MESOSTRUMA (Myrmicinae: Dacetini)
Mesostruma B r o w n , 1948e: 118. Type-spedes:
Strumigenys (Epopostruma) tumeri, by original desig­
nation. Revisions of genus: B r o w n , 1952g: 9; Taylor,
1 9 7 3 : 2 4 . Mesostruma j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Col-
obostruma: Baroni Urbani & De A n d r a d e , 1 9 9 4 : 1 5 .
Mesostruma h e r e : r e v i v e d f r o m s y n o n y m y .
MESOXENA (junior s y n o n y m of Echinopla)
Mesoxena Smith, F. 1860b: 106. Type-spedes: Mesoxena
mistura, by m o n o t y p y . Mesoxena provisional j u n i o r
s y n o n y m of Echinopla: B r o w n , 1973b: 182;
confirmed Bolton, 1994: 50.
MESSOR (Myrmicinae: Pheidolini)
Messor Forel, 1890a: lxviii [as subgenus of Aphaenogas­
ter]. Type-spedes: Formica barbara, b y s u b s e q u e n t
designation of Bingham, 1 9 0 3 : 2 7 7 . Messor subge­
n u s of Stenamma: Emery, 1895c: 2 9 8 . Messor raised
to genus: Bingham, 1 9 0 3 : 2 7 7 ; m a i n t a i n e d as
g e n u s : Emery, 1908e: 4 3 7 . Messor senior s y n o n y m
of Cratomyrmex: Emery, 1922f: 357. Messor senior
s y n o n y m of Cratomyrmex a n d Veromessor (and its
j u n i o r s y n o n y m Lobognathus): Bolton, 1982: 338.
S p e d e s i n d u d e d in Sphaeromessor (unavailable) ref­
erable to Messor. Key to s p e d e s of former U.S.S.R.:
Arnol'di, 1977b: 1640; to Afrotropical s p e d e s : Bol­
ton, 1982: 342.
METACYLINDROMYRMEX (junior s y n o n y m of Cyl­
indromyrmex)
Metacylindromyrmex Wheeler, W.M. 1924a: 106 [as sub­
g e n u s of Cylindromyrmex]. Type-spedes: Cyl­
indromyrmex godmani, by original designation.
Metacylindromyrmex j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Cyl­
indromyrmex: Kempf, 1972a: 9 1 ; B r o w n , 1975: 36.
METAPONE (Myrmicinae: Metaponini)
Metapone Forel, 191 l h : 4 4 7 . Type-spedes: Metapone
greeni, by m o n o t y p y . Review of g e n u s : Wheeler,
W.M. 1919h: 173; see also Kusnezov, 1960a: 119.
*MIANEURETUS (Aneuretinae)
*Mianeuretus Carpenter, 1930: 38. Type-spedes:
*Mianeuretus mirabilis, by original designation.
MICCOSTRUMA (junior s y n o n y m of Smithistruma)
Miccostruma B r o w n , 1948e: 123. Type-spedes: Epitritus
mandibularis, by original designation. Miccostruma
j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Smithistruma: Bolton, 1 9 8 3 : 2 7 4 .
MICROBOLBOS (junior s y n o n y m of Leptogenys)
Microbolbos Donisthorpe, 1948f: 170. Type-spedes:
Microbolbos testaceus, by original designation.
Microbolbos j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Leptogenys: Wilson,
1955c: 136.
MICRODACETON (Myrmicinae: Dacetini)
Microdaceton Santschi, 1913g: 4 7 8 . Type-spedes:
Microdaceton exornatum, b y m o n o t y p y . [Microdaceton
also described as n e w by Santschi, 1914e: 33.] Revi­
sion of g e n u s : Bolton, 1 9 8 3 : 4 0 1 .
MICROMYRMA (junior s y n o n y m of Tapinoma)
Micromyrma Dufour, 1857: 60. Type-spedes:
Micromyrma pygmaea, by m o n o t y p y . Micromyrma
j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Tapinoma: Mayr, 1 8 6 3 : 4 5 5 ;
Forel, 1878: 385; Emery, 1912g: 38; Smith, M.R.
1951a: 837; Shattuck, 1992c: 146.
MICTOPONERA (junior s y n o n y m of Rhopalopone)
Mictoponera Forel, 1901e: 372 [as subgenus of
Ectatomma]. Type-spedes:Ectatomma (Mictoponera)
diehlii, by m o n o t y p y . Mictoponera j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Rhopalopone:Emery, 191 I d : 34. [Rhopalopone j u n i o r
s y n o n y m of Gnamptogenys: B r o w n , 1958g: 211.]
*MIOMYRMEX (Dohchoderinae)
*Miomyrmex Carpenter, 1930: 5 1 . Type-spedes: *For-
mica impacta, by original designation.
MITARA (junior s y n o n y m of Monomorium)
Mitara Emery, 1 9 1 3 : 2 6 1 [as subgenus of Monomor­
ium]. Type-spedes: Monomorium laeve, by original
designation. Mitara j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Lampromyrmex: Emery, 1922e: 183; Wheeler, W.M.
1922a: 162; see also notes in Bolton, 1 9 8 7 : 2 9 9 .
#MOELLERIUS (subgenus of Acromyrmex)
Moellerius Forel, 1893e: 589 [as subgenus of Atta].
Type-spedes: Atta (Acromyrmex) landolti, by sub­
s e q u e n t designation of Wheeler, W.M. 191 If: 167.
Moellerius subgenus of Acromyrmex: Emery, 1913:
2 5 1 . Moellerius provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Acromyrmex:Brown, 1973b: 182 (unconfirmed).
Revisionary studies: see u n d e r Acromyrmex.
MONACIS (junior s y n o n y m of Dolichoderus)
Monads Roger, 1862a: 2 3 3 . Type-spedes: Formica
bispinosa, by subsequent designation of Wheeler,
W.M. 191 If: 167. Monads j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Hypoclinea: Mayr, 1862: 704; of Dolichoderus: Forel,
1878: 386. Monads revived from s y n o n y m y as sub­
g e n u s of Dolichoderus: Emery, 1894c: 2 2 8 ; m a i n ­
tained as subgenus: Emery, 1912g: 9; Wheeler,
W.M. 1922a: 6 8 8 . Monads revived status as genus:
Brown, 1950e: 249; maintained as genus, a n d revi­
sion of g e n u s : Kempf, 1959b: 227; e m e n d e d key:
Kempf, 1972c: 2 5 3 . Monads provisional j u n i o r syn­
o n y m of Dolichoderus: B r o w n , 1973b: 182. Monads
j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Dolichoderus: Shattuck, 1992c: 66.
MONOCERATOCLINEA (junior s y n o n y m of
Dolichoderus)
Monoceratoclinea Wheeler, W.M. 1935c: 68 [as subge­
n u s of Dolichoderus]. Type-spedes: Dolichoderus
(Hypoclinea) monoceros, by original designation.
Monoceratoclinea raised to g e n u s : B r o w n , 1950e:
249. Monoceratoclinea j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Dolichoderus: Shattuck, 1992c: 66.
MONOCOMBUS (junior s y n o n y m of Cataglyphis)
MonocombusMayr, 1855: 3 8 1 . Type-spedes: Formica
viatica, b y m o n o t y p y . Monocombus j u n i o r s y n o n y m
of Cataglyphis: Mayr, 1 8 6 1 : 4 4 . Monocombus j u n i o r
s y n o n y m of Myrmecocystus: Mayr, 1886d: 4 2 4 .
Monocombus j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Cataglyphis: Dalla
Torre, 1893: 216; Wheeler, W M . 1922a: 944;
Emery, 192 5b: 2 6 1 . Monocombus revived from syn­
o n y m y as subgenus of Cataglyphis: Santschi, 1929b:
2 9 . Monocombus j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Cataglyphis:
Agosti, 1990a: 1462; Agosti, 1994a: 103.
MONOMORIUM (Myrmicinae: Solenopsidini)
Monomorium Mayr, 1855: 4 5 2 . Type-spedes: Monomor­
ium minutum (junior secondary h o m o n y m i n
Monomorium, replaced by Monomorium monomor­
ium), by m o n o t y p y . Monomorium senior s y n o n y m of
Lampromyrmex: Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 4 5 . Monomor­
ium senior s y n o n y m of Paraphacota: Santschi,
1927d: 2 4 3 . Monomorium senior s y n o n y m of
Epixenus: B r o w n & Wilson, 1957b: 2 4 4 . Monomorium
senior s y n o n y m of Corynomyrmex, Epixenus, Epoecus,
Equestrimessor, Holcomyrmex, Ireneidris, Isolcomyrmex,
Lampromyrmex (and its j u n i o r s y n o n y m Mitara),
Paraphacota, Parholcomyrmex, Trichomyrmex, Wheele-
ria ( h o m o n y m ) , Wheeleriella, Xenhyboma, a n d
Xeromyrmex: Ettershank, 1966: 82. Monomorium
senior s y n o n y m of Chelaner (and its j u n i o r syn­
o n y m s Notomyrmex, Protholcomyrmex, Schizopelta),
a n d Sy/fopfopris: Bolton, 1 9 8 7 : 2 8 7 . Spedes
i n d u d e d in Pharaophanes (unavailable) all referable
to Monomorium. Reviews of genus: Ettershank,
1966: 82; Bolton, 1 9 8 7 : 2 8 7 . Revision of Nearctic
s p e d e s : DuBois, 1986: 74; of Afrotropical s p e d e s :
Bolton, 1987: 307.
Genus-Group Taxa 35
 MORLEYIDRIS (junior s y n o n y m of Hedomyrma)
Morleyidris Donisthorpe, 1944c: 64 [as subgenus of
Polyrhachis]. Type-species: Polyrhachis (Morleyidris)
trina, by original designation. Morleyidris j u n i o r syn­
o n y m of Hedomyrma: Hung, 1967b: 4 0 2 .
HMYAGROTERAS (subgenus of Myrmoteras)
Myagroteras Moffett, 1985b: 31 [as subgenus of
Myrmoteras]. Type-species: Myrmoteras donisthorpei,
by original designation.
MYCETAROTES (Myrmicinae: Attini)
MycetarotesEmery, 1 9 1 3 : 2 5 1 [as subgenus of
Cyphomyrmex]. Type-species: Cyphomyrmexparallelus,
by original designation. Mycetarotes raised to g e n u s :
Borgmeier, 1950b: 384. Review of genus: Kempf,
1960d: 2 7 7 .
MYCETOPHYLAX (Myrmicinae: Attini)
Mycetophylax Emery, 1913: 2 5 1 [as subgenus of
Cyphomyrmex]. Type-species: Myrmicocrypta brittoni
(junior s y n o n y m of Mycetophylaxconformis), by origi­
nal designation. Mycetophylax subgenus of
Myrmicocrypta: Gallardo, 1916d: 320. Mycetophylax
raised to g e n u s : Santschi, 1923c: 2 6 8 . Mycetophylax
senior s y n o n y m of Paramycetophylax: Weber, 1958d:
2 6 2 . Key to species: Santschi, 1922b: 357 (out of
date).
[MYCETOPURUS (misspelling)
Mycetopurus Santschi, 1925b: 17, incorrect subsequent
spelling of Mycocepurus. [Perhaps a combination in
error of Myceto>(phylax) + (Mycoce)p«ras.]
MYCETOSORITIS (Myrrmcinae: Attini)
Mycetosoritis Wheeler, W.M. 1907c: 7 1 4 [as subgenus
of Atta]. Type-species: Atta (Mycetosoritis) hartmanni,
by m o n o t y p y . Mycetosoritis subgenus of
Cyphomyrmex: Emery, 1 9 1 3 : 2 5 1 . Mycetosoritis subge­
n u s of Trachymyrmex: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 669.
Mycetosoritis raised to g e n u s : Creighton, 1950a: 317.
MYCHOTHORAX (junior s y n o n y m of Leptothorax)
Mychothorax Ruzsky, 1904a: 2 8 8 . Type-species: Formica
acervorum, b y original designation. Mychothorax sub­
g e n u s of Leptothorax: Ruzsky, 1905b: 609; Emery,
1915g: 2 4 . Mychothorax j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Leptothorax: Smith, M.R. 1 9 5 0 : 2 9 . [Leptothorax a n d
Mychothorax share t h e s a m e type-species, s y n o n y m y
is therefore absolute.]
MYCOCEPURUS (Myrmicinae: Attini)
Mycocepurus Forel, 1893e: 602 [as subgenus at Atta}.
Type-species: Atta (Mycocepurus) smithii, by sub­
s e q u e n t designation of Wheeler, W.M. 191 If: 167.
[Mycocepurus also described as n e w by Forel, 1893g:
369.] Mycocepurus raised to g e n u s : Wheeler, W.M.
191 If: 167. Mycocepurus senior s y n o n y m of
Descolemyrma, a n d revision of g e n u s : Kempf, 1963b:
4 1 7 . [Mycetopurus: see above.]
MYOPIAS (Ponerinae: Ponerini)
Myopias Roger, 1861a: 39. Type-species: Myopias
amblyops, by m o n o t y p y . Myopias senior s y n o n y m of
Trapeziopelta (and its j u n i o r s y n o n y m Bradyponera),
a n d k e y to Australasian species: Willey & B r o w n ,
1983:249.
MYOPOPONE (Ponerinae: Amblyoponini)
Myopopone Roger, 1861a: 4 9 . Type-species: Myopopone
maculata (junior s y n o n y m of Myopopone castanea), by
s u b s e q u e n t designation of Bingham, 1903: 3 3 . Revi­
sion of genus: B r o w n , 1960a: 170.
36 Genus-Group Taxa
MYRAFANT (junior s y n o n y m of Leptothorax)
Myrafant Smith, M.R. 1950: 30 [as subgenus of
Leptothorax]. Type-species: Leptothorax curvispinosus,
by original designation. Myrafant provisional j u n i o r
s y n o n y m of Leptothorax: B r o w n , 1973b: 182. Myraf­
ant senior s y n o n y m of Icothorax: Baroni Urbani,
1978b: 556. Myrafant j u n i o r s y n o n y m oi Leptothorax:
Bolton, 1982: 319.
MYRCIDRIS (Pseudomyrmecinae)
Myrcidris Ward, 1 9 9 0 : 4 6 5 . Type-species: Myrcidris
epicharis, by original designation.
#MYRMA (subgenus of Polyrhachis)
Myrma Billberg, 1 8 2 0 : 1 0 4 . Type-species: Formica
militaris, by s u b s e q u e n t designation of Wheeler,
W.M. 1911c: 859; a n d Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 168.
Myrma senior s y n o n y m of Hoplomyrmus: Wheeler,
W.M. 1922a: 9 9 3 . Myrma senior s y n o n y m of
Pseudocyrtomyrma: Bolton, 1973b: 2 8 8 . [Although
Myrma antedates Polyrhachis, it h a s b e e n treated as a
subgenus of t h e latter since Wheeler, W.M. 1922a:
9 9 3 . See H u n g , 1967b: 396 for a history of t h e
n a m e , a n d a plea for t h e conservation of Poly­
rhachis.]
^MYRMACANTHA (subgenus of Phasmomyrmex)
Myrmacantha Emery, 1920b: 2 4 6 [as s u b g e n u s of
Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus aberrans, by
original designation. Myrmacantha j u n i o r s y n o n y m
of Myrmorhachis: Wheeler, W.M. 1921a: 18.
Myrmacantha revived status as subgenus of
Phasmomyrmex: Emery, 1925b: 58.
#MYRMACRHAPHE (subgenus of Camponotus)
Myrmacrhaphe Santschi, 1926c: 607 [as subgenus of
Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus conradti., by
original designation. Myrmacrhaphe provisional
j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Camponotus: B r o w n , 1973b: 182
(unconfirmed).
#MYRMAMBLYS (subgenus of Camponotus)
Myrmamblys Forel, 1912i: 90 [as subgenus of
Camponotus}. Type-species: Camponotus reticulatus,by
subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1913a:
80. [Type-species n o t Camponotus fastigatus,
unjustified s u b s e q u e n t designation by Forel, 1914a:
263.] Myrmamblys provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Camponotus:Brown, 1973b: 182 (unconfirmed).
MYRMAMMOPHILUS (junior s y n o n y m of Leptothorax)
Myrmammophilus Menozzi, 1925d: 29 [as subgenus of
Leptothorax]. Type-species: Leptothorax
(Myrmammophilus) finzii, by m o n o t y p y .
Myrmammophilus provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Leptothorax: B r o w n , 1973b: 182. Myrmammophilus
j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Leptothorax: Bolton, 1982: 319.
MYRMAPATETES (junior s y n o n y m of Anochetus)
Myrmapatetes Wheeler, W.M. 1929b: 6. Type-species:
Myrmapatetesfilicomis, by original designation.
Myrmapatetes j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Anochetus: B r o w n ,
1953h:2.
#MYRMAPHAENUS (subgenus of Camponotus)
Myrmaphaenus Emery, 1920b: 2 3 7 [as subgenus of
Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotusleydigi, by
original designation. Myrmaphaenus senior s y n o n y m
of Neomyrmamblys a n d Paracolobopsis: Emery, 1925b:
152. Myrmaphaenus provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Camponotus:Brown, 1973b: 182 (unconfirmed).
#MYRMATOPA (subgenus of Polyrhachis)
Myrmatopa Forel, 1915b: 107 [as subgenus of Poly­
rhachis] . Type-species: Polyrhachis schang, b y original
designation. Myrmatopa provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m
of Polyrhachis: B r o w n , 1973b: 182 (unconfirmed).
Myrmatopa senior s y n o n y m of Irenea: Bolton, 1994:
50.
MYRMECIA (Myrmeciinae: Myrmeciini)
Myrmecia Fabricius, 1 8 0 4 : 4 2 3 . Type-species: Formica
gulosa, by subsequent designation of Shuckard, in
Swainson & Shuckard, 1 8 4 0 : 1 7 3 . Myrmecia senior
s y n o n y m of Promyrmeda (and its j u n i o r s y n o n y m s
Halmamyrmeda, Pristomyrmeda): B r o w n , 1953c: 1.
Revisions of g e n u s : Clark, 1943: 8 3 ; Clark, 1 9 5 1 : 1;
B r o w n , 1953j: 1; Ogata, 1 9 9 1 : 3 5 3 ; Ogata & Taylor,
1991: 1 6 2 3 .
MYRMECINA (Myrmicinae: Myrmecmini)
Myrmedna Curtis, 1 8 2 9 : 2 6 5 . Type-species: Myrmedna
latreillii (junior s y n o n y m of Myrmednagraminicola),
by m o n o t y p y . Myrmedna senior s y n o n y m of
Archaeomyrmex: B r o w n , 1971a: 1.
MYRMECINELLA (junior s y n o n y m of Xenomyrmex)
Myrmednella Wheeler, W.M. 1922d: 1. Type-species:
Myrmednella panamana, by original designation.
Myrmednella j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Xenomyrmex:
Wheeler, W.M. 1931a: 129.
MYRMECOCYSTUS (Formicinae: Lasiini)
Myrmecocystus Wesmael, 1838: 7 7 0 . Type-species:
Myrmecocystus mexicanus, by m o n o t y p y .
Myrmecocystus senior s y n o n y m of Endiodioctes a n d
Eremnocystus: Snelling, 1 9 8 1 : 4 0 3 . Revision of
g e n u s : Snelling, 1976: 1; Snelling, 1982b: 7 7 .
MYRMECOPSIS (junior h o m o n y m , see Opisthopsis)
Myrmecopsis Smith, F. 1865: 68 [as subgenus oi For­
mica]. Type-species: Formica (Myrmecopsis) respiciens,
by m o n o t y p y . Myrmecopsis raised to g e n u s : Mayr,
1 8 7 6 : 7 6 . [Junior h o m o n y m oi Myrmecopsis New­
man, 1850: aorii (Lepidoptera).] Opisthopsis Dalla
Torre, 1 8 9 3 : 2 1 9 , replacement n a m e for Myrmecopsis
Smith, F.
MYRMECORHYNCHUS (Formicinae: Melophorini)
Myrmecorhynchus Andre, 1896b: 2 5 3 . Type-spedes:
Myrmecorhynchus emeryi, b y m o n o t y p y .
MYRMEGIS (nomen nudum)
Myrmegis Ra&nesque, 1 8 1 5 : 1 2 4 , nomen nudum.
[Brown, 1973b: 182, places Myrmegis as a j u n i o r
s y n o n y m of Atta, because t h e entry in Rafinesque
reads, "6Myrmegis R. Atta Latr."]
MYRMELACHISTA (Forrrricinae: MyrmelacMstini)
Myrmelachista Roger, 1863a: 162. Type-spedes:
Myrmelachista kraatzii, b y m o n o t y p y . Myrmelachista
senior s y n o n y m of Decamyrma Roger (junior h o m ­
o n y m ) , Hincksidris a n d Neaphomus: Snelling & Hunt,
1 9 7 6 : 1 1 0 . Key t o s p e d e s : Wheeler, W.M. 1934g:
188 (out of date).
UMYRMENTOMA (subgenus of Camponotus)
Myrmentoma Forel, 1912i: 92 [as subgenus of
Camponotus]. Type-spedes: Formica lateralis, by sub­
s e q u e n t designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 80.
Myrmentoma j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Orthonotomyrmex:
Forel, 1913b: 350 (in text); m a i n t a i n e d as j u n i o r
s y n o n y m : Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 970. Myrmentoma
revived from s y n o n y m y as subgenus of Camponotus:
Emery, 1920b: 257; m a i n t a i n e d as subgenus:
Emery, 1925a: 62; Emery, 1925b: 116. Myrmentoma
provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Camponotus: B r o w n ,
1973b: 182 (unconfirmed). Revision of N e a r d i c
s p e d e s : Snelling, 1988: 5 5 .
#MYRMEPINOTUS (subgenus of Camponotus)
Myrmepinotus Santschi, 192U: 312 [as s u b g e n u s of
Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotusechinoploides,
by original designation. Myrmepinotus provisional
j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Camponotus: B r o w n , 1973b: 182
(unconfirmed).
#MYRMEPOMIS (subgenus of Camponotus)
Myrmepomis Forel, 1912i: 92 [as s u b g e n u s of
Camponotus]. Type-species: Formica sericeiventris, by
subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1913a:
8 1 . [Type-species n o t Formica fulvopilosa, unjustified
subsequent designation by Forel, 1914a: 265.]
Myrmepomis senior s y n o n y m of Myrmolophus:
Wheeler, W.M. 1921a: 17. Myrmepomis provisional
j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Camponotus: B r o w n , 1973b: 182
(unconfirmed).
#MYRMESPERA (subgenus of Camponotus)
Myrmespera Santschi, 1926b: 2 4 7 [as subgenus of
Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus (Myrmespera)
debellator, by s u b s e q u e n t designation of Santschi,
1926c: 604. Myrmespera provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m
of Camponotus:Brown, 1973b: 182 (unconfirmed).
MYRMETAERUS (junior s y n o n y m of Myrmoxenus)
Myrmetaerus Soudek, 1925a: 3 3 . Type-species:
Myrmetaerus microcellatus (junior s y n o n y m of
Epimyrma gordiagini), by m o n o t y p y . [Myrmetaerus
also described as n e w by Soudek, 1925b: 14.]
Myrmetaerus provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Leptothorax:Brown, 1973b: 182 (unconfirmed).
Myrmetaerus incorrectly as j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Camponotus: Snelling, 1 9 8 1 : 4 0 4 . Myrmetaerus j u n i o r
s y n o n y m of Myrmoxenus: Buschinger, W i n t e r &
Faber, 1984: 336. [Myrmoxenus junior s y n o n y m of
Epimyrma: Bolton, 1994: 105.]
#MYRMEURYNOTA (subgenus of Camponotus)
Myrmeurynota Forel, 19123:92 [as s u b g e n u s of
Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotuseurynotus, by
s u b s e q u e n t designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1913a:
8 1 . [Type-species n o t Camponotus gilviventris,
unjustified s u b s e q u e n t designation by Forel, 1914a:
266.] Myrmeurynota provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Camponotus: B r o w n , 1973b: 182 (unconfirmed).
MYRMEX (junior h o m o n y m , j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Pseudomyrma)
Myrmex Guerin-Meneville, 1844a: 4 2 7 . Type-species:
Myrmexperboscii, by m o n o t y p y . [Junior h o m o n y m
of Myrmex Sturm, 1826: 32 (Coleoptera).] Myrmex
Guerin-Meneville j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pseudomyrma:
Smith, F. 1858b: 153. [Pseudomyrma j u n i o r syn­
o n y m of Pseudomyrmex: Smith, M.R. 1952a: 98.]
SMYRMHOPLA (subgenus of Polyrhachis)
Myrmhopla For-el, 1915b: 107 [as subgenus of Po/y-
rhachis]. Type-species: Formica armata, by original
designation. Myrmhopla senior s y n o n y m of
Cephalomyrma a n d Florencea: H u n g , 1967b: 4 0 2 .
Myrmhopla provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Poly­
rhachis: B r o w n , 1973b: 182 (unconfirmed).
MYRMICA (Myrmicinae: Myrrnicini)
Myrmica Latreille, 1 8 0 4 : 1 7 9 . Type-species: Formica
rubra, b y subsequent designation of Latreille, 1810:
4 3 7 . Myrmica provisional senior s y n o n y m of
Dodecamyrmica, Paramyrmica, Sifolinia, Sommimyrma,
Symbiomyrma: B r o w n , 1973b: 1 8 0 - 1 8 5 . Myrmica
senior s y n o n y m of Dodecamyrmica: Francoeur, 1 9 8 1 :
759. Myrmica senior s y n o n y m of Paramyrmica,
Sifolinia (and its j u n i o r s y n o n y m Symbiomyrma), a n d
Sommimyrma: Bolton, 1988a: 3. Revisionary studies:
Arnol'di, 1970: 1832; Arnol'di, 1976a: 554; Finzi,
1 9 2 6 : 7 1 ; Menozzi, 1939a: 2 9 3 ; Seifert, 1988b: 1;
Weber, 1 9 4 7 : 4 3 7 ; Weber, 1948a: 2 6 7 ; Weber,
1950b: 189; R a d c h e n k o , 1994a: 39; Radchenko,
1994c: 130. See also: Agosti & Collingwood, 1987b:
267; Arnol'di & DIussky, 1978: 530; Collingwood,
1978: 78; Collingwood, 1 9 7 9 : 4 0 ; Creighton, 1950a:
87; Kutter, 1977c: 4 2 .
MYRMICARIA (Myrmicinae: Myrmicariini)
Myrmicaria Saunders, W . W 1842: 57. Type-species:
Myrmicaria brunnea, by m o n o t y p y . Myrmicaria senior
s y n o n y m of Heptacondylus (and its j u n i o r s y n o n y m
Physatta): Smith, F. 1865: 7 3 . Revision of g e n u s :
Santschi, 1925c: 133 (out of date).
*MYRMICITES (collective group n a m e )
*Myrmicites Forster, 1 8 9 1 : 4 4 8 [collective group n a m e ,
w i t h o u t included n a m e d taxa.]
*MYRMICIUM (Myrmicinae: u n p l a c e d to tribe)
*Myrmicium Westwood, 1854: 396. Type-species:
*Myrmicium heerii, by m o n o t y p y . *Myrmidum j u n i o r
s y n o n y m of *Pseudosirex (family *Pseudosiricidae):
Handlirsch, 1906: 577; retained i n *Pseudosiricidae:
Abe & Smith, D.R. 1 9 9 1 : 5 3 . *Myrmidum j u n i o r syn­
o n y m of Myrmica: Dalla Torre, 1893: 108; Forel,
1915d: 9. *Myrmidum: provisionally revived from
s y n o n y m y h e r e a n d r e t u r n e d to Formicidae, s u b ­
family Myrmicinae, p e n d i n g detailed investigation.
[*Myrmetium Dalla Torre, 1 8 9 3 : 1 0 8 , incorrect sub­
s e q u e n t spelling.]
*MYRMICIUM (junior h o m o n y m , see *Promyrmidum)
*Myrmidum Heer, 1 8 7 0 : 7 8 . Type-species: *Myrmidum
boreale, b y m o n o t y p y . [Junior h o m o n y m of *Myrmic-
ium Westwood, above.] *Promyrmidum Baroni
Urbani, 1971b: 362, r e p l a c e m e n t n a m e for *Myrmic-
ium Westwood.
MYRMICOCRYPTA (Myrmicinae: Attini)
Myrmicocrypta Smith, F. 1860c: 7 3 . Type-species:
Myrmicocrypta squamosa, by m o n o t y p y . Myrmicocrypta
senior s y n o n y m of Glyptomyrmex: Emery, 1894c:
224.
#MYRMISOLEPIS (subgenus of Camponotus)
Myrmisolepis Santschi, 1921f: 310 [as s u b g e n u s of
Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus epinotalis, by
original designation. Myrmisolepis provisional j u n i o r
s y n o n y m of Camponotus: B r o w n , 1973b: 182
(unconfirmed).
^MYRMOBRACHYS (subgenus of Camponotus)
Myrmobrachys Forel, 1912i: 91 [as subgenus of
Camponotus}. Type-species: Formicasenex, b y sub­
sequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 8 1 .
Myrmobrachys provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Camponotus:Brown, 1973b: 182 (unconfirmed).
MYRMOCAMELUS (junior s y n o n y m of Myrmophyma)
Myrmocamelus Forel, 1914a: 2 6 1 [as subgenus of
Camponotus]. Type-species: Formica ephippium, by
original designation. [Type-species n o t Camponotus
gambeyi, unjustified s u b s e q u e n t designation b y
Forel, 1 9 2 2 : 1 0 1 . Myrmocamelus also described as
n e w by Forel, 1915b: 102.] Myrmocamelus j u n i o r
s y n o n y m of Myrmophyma: Emery, 1920b: 257;
Wheeler, W M . 1921a: 18.
#MYRMOCLADOECUS (subgenus of Camponotus)
Myrmocladoecus Wheeler, W.M. 1921a: 19 [as subgenus
of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus latangulus,
by s u b s e q u e n t designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1922a:
7 0 9 . Myrmocladoecus provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Camponotus: Brown, 1973b: 182 (unconfirmed).
UMYRMODIRACHIS (subgenus of Camponotus)
Myrmodirachis Emery, 1925b: 168 [as subgenus of
Camponotus]. Type-spedes: Camponotusheathi, by
original designation. Myrmodirachis provisional
j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Camponotus: B r o w n , 1973b: 182
(unconfirmed).
MYRMOGIGAS (junior s y n o n y m of Dinomyrmex)
Myrmogigas Forel, 19121: 91 [as subgenus of
Camponotus]. Type-spedes: Formicagigas, by s u b ­
sequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 8 1 .
Myrmogigas j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Dinomyrmex: Forel,
1913c: 350 (in text); Forel, 1914a: 259.
#MYRMOGONIA (subgenus of Camponotus)
Myrmogonia Forel, 1912i: 92 [as subgenus of
Camponotus]. Type-spedes: Camponotus laminatus, by
subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1913a:
8 1 . Myrmogonia provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Camponotus:Brown, 1973b: 182 (unconfirmed).
MYRMOLOPHUS (junior s y n o n y m of Myrmepomis)
Myrmolophus Emery, 1920b: 2 3 7 [as subgenus of
Camponotus]. Type-spedes: Formica sericeiventris, by
original designation. Myrmolophus j u n i o r s y n o n y m
of Myrmepomis: Wheeler, W.M. 1921a: 17.
#MYRMOMAJLIS (subgenus of Camponotus)
Myrmomalis Forel, 1914a: 263 [as subgenus of
Camponotus}. Type-spedes: Camponotusdepressus, by
original designation. Myrmomalis provisional j u n i o r
s y n o n y m of Camponotus: B r o w n , 1973b: 182
(unconfirmed).
#MYRMONESTTES (subgenus of Camponotus)
Myrmonesites Emery, 1920b: 242 [as subgenus of
Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotusputatus, by
original designation. Myrmonesites provisional j u n i o r
s y n o n y m of Camponotus: Brown, 1973b: 182
(unconfirmed).
#MYRMOPALPELLA (subgenus of Camponotus)
Myrmopalpella Starcke, 1934: 30 [as subgenus of
Camponotus]. Type-spedes: Camponotusmegalonyx, by
m o n o t y p y . Myrmopalpella raised to genus: Wheeler,
W.M. 1936e: 219 (in text). Myrmopalpella provi­
sional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Camponotus: B r o w n ,
1973b: 182 (unconfirmed). Myrmopalpella h e r e
reverts to subgenus of Camponotus.
#MYRMOPELTA (subgenus of Camponotus)
Myrmopelta Santschi, 1921f: 310 [as subgenus of
Camponotus]. Type-spedes: Camponotusarminius, by
original designation. Review of subgenus: Santschi,
1926a: 16. Myrmopelta provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m
of Camponotus:Brown, 1973b: 182 (unconfirmed).
#MYRMOPHYMA (subgenus of Camponotus)
Myrmophyma Forel, 19121: 91 [as subgenus of
Camponotus]. Type-spedes: Camponotus capita, by sub­
sequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 8 1 .
[Type-spedes n o t Camponotus quadrisedus,
unjustified subsequent designation by Forel, 1914a:
261.] Myrmophyma senior s y n o n y m of
Myrmocamelus: Emery, 1920b: 257; Wheeler, W.M.
192 l a : 18. Myrmophyma provisional j u n i o r syn­
o n y m of Camponotus: B r o w n , 1973b: 182
(unconfirmed).
Genus-Group Taxa 37
#MYRMOPIROMIS (subgenus of Camponotus)
Myrmopiromis Wheeler, W.M. 1921a: 17 [as subgenus
of Camponotus]. Type-species: Formica fulvopilosa, by
s u b s e q u e n t designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1922a:
707. Myrmopiromis provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Camponotus:'Brown, 1973b: 182 (unconfirmed).
#MYRMOPLATYPUS (subgenus of Camponotus)
Myrmoplatypus Santschi, 192 If: 311 [as subgenus of
Camponotus].Type-species: Camponotusplatytarsus,
by original designation. Myrmoplatypus provisional
j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Camponotus: B r o w n , 1973b: 182
(unconfirmed).
#MYRMOPLATYS (subgenus of Camponotus)
Myrmoplatys Forel, 1 9 1 6 : 4 6 0 [as subgenus of
Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus korthalsiae,
by original designation. Myrmoplatys raised to genus:
Wheeler, W.M. 1 9 3 6 e : 2 1 9 (in text).Myrmoplatys
provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Camponotus: B r o w n ,
1973b: 182 (unconfirmed). Myrmoplatys h e r e
reverts to subgenus of Camponotus.
#MYRMOPSAMMA (subgenus of Camponotus)
Myrmopsamma Forel, 1914a: 2 6 1 [as subgenus of
Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotusmystaceus, by
original designation. Myrmopsamma provisional
j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Camponotus: B r o w n , 1973b: 182
(unconfirmed).
#MYRMOPYTLA (subgenus of Camponotus)
Myrmopytia Emery, 1920b: 243 [as subgenus of
Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus imitator, by
original designation. Myrmopytia provisional j u n i o r
s y n o n y m of Camponotus: B r o w n , 1973b: 182
(unconfirmed).
#MYRMORHACHIS (subgenus of Phasmomyrmex)
Myrmorhachis Forel, 1912i: 92 [as s u b g e n u s of
Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus poly-
rhachioides (unnecessary replacement n a m e for Poly­
rhachis paradoxa), by s u b s e q u e n t designation of
Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 8 1 . [Type-species n o t
Camponotus latangulus, unjustified s u b s e q u e n t desig­
n a t i o n by Forel, 1914a: 265.] Myrmorhachis subge­
n u s of Phasmomyrmex: Emery, 1925b: 58.
Myrmorhachis provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Phasmomyrmex:Brown, 1973b: 182 (unconfirmed).
#MYRMOSAGA (subgenus of Camponotus)
Myrmosaga Forel, 1912i: 92 [as subgenus of
Camponotus], Type-species: Camponotuskelleri, by
subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1913a:
8 1 . [Type-species n o t Camponotus quadrimaculatus,
unjustified s u b s e q u e n t designation b y Forel, 1914a:
260.] Myrmosaga provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Camponotus:Brown, 1973b: 182 (unconfirmed).
#MYRMOSAULUS (subgenus of Camponotus)
Myrmosaulus Wheeler, W.M. 1921a: 18 [as subgenus of
Camponotus]. Type-species: Formica cinerascens, by
subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1922a:
7 0 5 . [Type-species n o t Formica singularis, unjustified
subsequent designation by Emery, 1925b: 113.]
Myrmosaulus provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Camponotus-.Brown, 1973b: 182 (unconfirmed).
[Note: Donisthorpe, 1932c: 4 4 5 , states t h a t
cinerascens belongs in subgenus Myrmosericus. If so
Myrmosaulus falls as a j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Myrmoseri­
cus.}
38 Genus-Group Taxa
#MYRMOSERICUS (subgenus of Camponotus)
Myrmosericus Forel, 19121: 91 [as subgenus of
Camponotus]. Type-species: Formica rufoglauca, by
s u b s e q u e n t designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1913a:
8 1 . Myrmosericus provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Camponotus:Brown, 1973b: 182 (unconfirmed).
[See n o t e u n d e r Myrmosaulus, above.]
#MYRMOSPHFNCTA (subgenus of Camponotus)
Myrmosphincta Forel, 1912i: 92 [as subgenus of
Camponotus]. Type-species: Formica sexguttata, by sub­
sequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 8 1 .
[Type-species n o t Formica cinerascens, unjustified
s u b s e q u e n t designation b y Forel, 1914a: 265.]
Myrmosphincta provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Camponotus:Brown, 1973b: 182 (unconfirmed).
#MYRMOSTBNUS (subgenus of Camponotus)
Myrmostenus Emery, 1920b: 2 5 0 [as subgenus of
Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotusmirabilis, by
original designation. Myrmostenus provisional j u n i o r
s y n o n y m of Camponotus: B r o w n , 1973b: 182
(unconfirmed).
ttMYRMOTARSUS (subgenus of Camponotus)
Myrmotarsus Forel, 1912i: 92 [as subgenus of
Camponotus]. Type-species: Formica mistura, b y sub­
sequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 8 1 .
[Type-species n o t Formica irritabilis, unjustified sub­
sequent designation by Forel, 1914a: 260.]
Myrmotarsus provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Camponotus:Brown, 1973b: 182 (unconfirmed).
#MYRMOTEMNUS (subgenus of Camponotus)
Myrmotemnus Emery, 1920b: 2 4 6 [as s u b g e n u s of
Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotusmoeschi, by
original designation. Myrmotemnus j u n i o r s y n o n y m
of Myrmamblys: Wheeler, W M . 1921a: 19; Emery,
1925b: 137. Myrmotemnus revived from s y n o n y m y :
Santschi, 1926c: 60 X. Myrmotemnus provisional
j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Camponotus: B r o w n , 1973b: 182
(unconfirmed).
MYRMOTERAS (Formicinae: Myrmoteratini)
Myrmoteras Forel, 1893f: 6 0 7 . Type-species: Myrmoteras
binghamii, by m o n o t y p y . [Myrmoteras also described
as n e w by Forel, 1894c: 418.] Revisions of genus:
Moffett, 1985b: 1; Agosti, 1 9 9 2 : 4 0 5 . Subgenera of
Myrmoteras: n o m i n a l plus Myagroteras.
^MYRMOTHRINAX (subgenus of Polyrhachis)
MyrmothrinaxForel, 1915b: 107 [as subgenus of Poly­
rhachis]. Type-species: Polyrhachis thrinax, by original
designation. Myrmothrinax senior s y n o n y m of
Evelyna: Hung, 1967b: 4 0 2 . Myrmothrinax provi­
sional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Polyrhachis: B r o w n ,
1973b: 182 (unconfirmed).
#MYRMOTHRIX (subgenus of Camponotus)
Myrmothrix Forel, 1912i: 91 [as subgenus of
Camponotus]. Type-spedes: Formica abdominalis
(junior primary h o m o n y m ; Formica atriceps first
available r e p l a c e m e n t n a m e ) , b y s u b s e q u e n t desig­
n a t i o n of Wheeler, W M . 1913a: 8 1 . [Type-spedes
n o t Formica rufipes, unjustified s u b s e q u e n t designa­
tion b y Forel, 1914a: 260.] Myrmothrix provisional
j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Camponotus-.Brown, 1973b: 182.
Myrmothrix subgenus of Camponotus, a n d revision of
subgenus: Hashmi, 1973: 1.
ttMYRMOTREMA (subgenus of Camponotus)
Myrmotrema Forel, 1912i: 91 [as subgenus of
Camponotus]. Type-spedes: Camponotus foraminosus,
by s u b s e q u e n t designation of Wheeler, W.M.
1913a: 8 1 . Myrmotrema provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m
of Camponotus: B r o w n , 1973b: 182 (unconfirmed).
MYRMOTURBA (junior s y n o n y m of Tanaemyrmex)
MyrmoturbaForel, 1912i: 91 [as subgenus of
Camponotus]. Type-spedes: Formica maculata, by sub­
s e q u e n t designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 82.
Myrmoturba j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Tanaemyrmex:
Emery, 1925b: 7 5 .
MYRMOXENUS (junior s y n o n y m of Epimyrma)
Myrmoxenus Ruzsky, 1902b: 4 7 4 . Type-spedes:
Myrmoxenus gordiagini, by m o n o t y p y . Myrmoxenus
senior s y n o n y m of Myrmetaerus: B u s d i m g e r , Winter
& Faber, 1984: 336. Myrmoxenus j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Epimyrma: Bolton, 1 9 9 4 : 1 0 5 .
^MYRMOXYGENYS (subgenus of Camponotus)
Myrmoxygenys Emery, 1925b: 70 [as subgenus of
Camponotus]. Type-spedes: Camponotuscaesar, by
m o n o t y p y . Myrmoxygenys provisional j u n i o r syn­
o n y m of Camponotus:Bxown, 1973b: 182
(unconfirmed).
MYRMUS (junior h o m o n y m , see Strongylognathus)
Myrmus Schenck, 1 8 5 3 : 1 8 8 . Type-spedes: Myrmus
emarginatus (junior s y n o n y m of Strongylognathus tes-
taceus), by m o n o t y p y . [Junior h o m o n y m of Myrmus
H a h n , 1832: 81 (Hemiptera).] Strongylognathus
Mayr, 1853d: 389, r e p l a c e m e n t n a m e lor Myrmus
Schenck.
MYRTOTERAS (junior s y n o n y m of Odontomachus)
Myrtoteras M a t s u m u r a , 1 9 1 2 : 1 9 1 . Type-spedes:
Myrtoteras kuroiwae (junior s y n o n y m of
Odontomachus monticola), by m o n o t y p y . Myrtoteras
provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Odontomachus:
B r o w n , 1973b: 182. Myrtoteras j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Odontomachus:Bxown, 1976a: 96.
MYSTRIUM (Ponerinae: Amblyoponini)
Mystrium Roger, 1862a: 2 4 5 . Type-spedes: Mystrium
mysticum, by m o n o t y p y . Revision of genus:
Menozzi, 1929d: 518; B r o w n , 1960a: 169.
NEAPHOMUS (junior s y n o n y m of Myrmelachista)
Neaphomus Menozzi, 1935c: 3 2 4 [as subgenus of
Aphomomyrmex]. Type-spedes: Aphomomyrmex
(Neaphomus) goetschi, by m o n o t y p y . Neaphomus
raised to genus: Kempf, 1972a: 152. Neaphomus p r o ­
visional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Myrmelachista: B r o w n ,
1973b: 1 8 3 . Neaphomus j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Myrmelachista: Snelling & Hunt, 1 9 7 6 : 1 1 0 .
NEIVAMYRMEX ( E d t o n i n a e : E d t o n i n i )
Neivamyrmex Borgmeier, 1940: 606 [as subgenus of
Eciton]. Replacement n a m e for Acamatus Emery,
1894c: 1 8 1 . [Junior h o m o n y m of Acamatus
Schoenherr, 1 8 3 3 : 2 0 . ] Neivamyrmex raised to
genus: Borgmeier, 1950c: 624. Neivamyrmex senior
s y n o n y m of Woitkowskia, a n d revision of genus:
Borgmeier, 1955b: 2 7 7 . Key t o s p e d e s : Watkins,
1976:11.
#NEMATOCREMA (subgenus of Crematogaster)
Nematocrema Santschi, 1918d: 182 [as subgenus of
Crematogaster]. Type-spedes: Crematogaster
stadelmanni, by original designation. Nematocrema
raised to genus: Soulie, 1964: 3 9 8 . Nematocrema p r o ­
visional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Crematogaster: B r o w n ,
1973b: 183 (unconfirmed). Nematocrema reverts
h e r e to subgenus of Crematogaster.
NEOAMBLYOPONE (junior s y n o n y m of Amblyopone)
Neoamblyopone'Wheeler, W.M.. 1927c: 1 [as subgenus
of Amblyopone]. Type-species: Amblyopone
(Neoamblyopone) clarki, by m o n o t y p y . Neoamblyopone
j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Amblyopone .-Brown, 1949c: 8 7 .
NEOATTA (junior s y n o n y m of Atta)
Neoatta Goncalves, 1942: 346 [as subgenus of Atta].
Type-species: Formica sexdens, by original designa­
tion. Neoatta j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Atta: Weber, 1958a:
8. Neoatta revived from s y n o n y m y as subgenus of
Atta, senior s y n o n y m of Epiatta, a n d revision of sub­
genus: Borgmeier, 1959b: 3 5 8 . Neoatta provisional
j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Atta: B r o w n , 1973b: 183;
confirmed Bolton, 1 9 9 4 : 1 0 5 .
NEOCLYSTOPSENELLA (junior s y n o n y m of Tapinoma)
Neoclystopsenella Kurian, 1 9 5 5 : 1 3 3 [in family
Bethylidae]. Type-species: Neoclystopsenella luffae, by
m o n o t y p y . Neoclystopsenella j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Tapinoma:Brown, 1988a: 337.
NEOCOLOBOPSIS (junior s y n o n y m of Hypercolobopsis)
Neocolobopsis Borgmeier, 1928b: 65 [as subgenus of
Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus (Neocolobop­
sis) scrobifer (junior s y n o n y m of Camponotus
coriolanus), by original designation. Neocolobopsis
j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Hypercolobopsis: Kempf, 1968b:
411.
#NEOCREMA (subgenus of Crematogaster)
Neocrema Santschi, 1918d: 182 [as subgenus of
Crematogaster]. Type-species: Crematogasterdistans, by
original designation. Neocrema j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Orthocrema: Emery, 1922e: 130. Neocrema revived
from s y n o n y m y a n d raised to g e n u s : Soulie, 1964:
398. Neocrema subgenus of Crematogaster:Kempi,
1972a: 82. Neocrema provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Crematogaster:Brown, 1973b: 183 (unconfirmed).
Neocrema reverts h e r e to subgenus of Crematogaster.
NEOFORELIUS (junior s y n o n y m oiForelius)
Neoforelius Kusnezov, 1953b: 327. Type-species:
Neoforelius tucumanus, by m o n o t y p y . Neoforelius
j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Forelius: Shattuck, 1992c: 87.
NEOFORMICA (junior s y n o n y m of Formica)
Neoformica Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 82 [as subgenus of
Formica]. Type-species: Formica pallidefulva, by origi­
nal designation. [Neoformica also described as n e w
by Wheeler, W.M. 1913f: 548.] Neoformica j u n i o r
s y n o n y m of Formica: Buren, 1968a: 39; Agosti,
1994a: 107.
NEOMYRMA (junior s y n o n y m of Monica)
Neomyrma Forel, 1914a: 2 7 5 [as subgenus of
Aphaenogaster]. Type-species: Aphaenogaster
(Neomyrma) calderoni (junior s y n o n y m olManica
bradleyi), by m o n o t y p y . Neomyrma subgenus of
Myrmica: Emery, 1915d: 69; Emery, 1916b: 120.
Neomyrma senior s y n o n y m of Oreomyrma: Wheeler,
W.M. 1915a: 50; Forel, 1915c: 364; Forel, 1 9 1 5 d : 9 .
Neomyrma raised to genus: Bondroit, 1918: 97.
Neomyrma j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Monica: Emery, 192 If:
42.
NEOMYRMAMBLYS (junior s y n o n y m of
Myrmaphaenus)
Neomyrmamblys Wheeler, W.M. 1921a: 19 [as subge­
n u s of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus
fastigatus, by s u b s e q u e n t designation of Santschi,
192 If: 3 1 1 . Neomyrmamblys j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Myrmaphaenus: Emery, 1925b: 152.
NEOPHYRACACES (junior s y n o n y m of Cerapachys)
Neophyracaces Clark, 1 9 4 1 : 7 6 . Type-species: Phyracaces
clams, by original designation. Neophyracaces provi­
sional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Cerapachys: B r o w n , 1973b:
183. Neophyracaces j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Cerapachys:
B r o w n , 1975: 19.
NEOPONERA (junior s y n o n y m of Pachycondyla)
Neoponera Emery, 1901a: 4 3 . Type-species: Formica
villosa, by original designation. Neoponera provi­
sional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pachycondyla: B r o w n ,
1973b: 183. Neoponera j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Pachycondyla: B r o w n , in preparation.
NEOSTRUMA (Myrmicinae: Dacetini)
Neostruma B r o w n , 1948e: 1 1 1 . Type-species:
Strumigenys crassicornis, by original designation. Revi­
sion of genus: B r o w n , 1959b: 1. [See n o t e u n d e r
Strumigenys.]
NESOLASIUS (junior s y n o n y m of Pseudolasius)
Nesolasius Wheeler, W.M. 1935b: 50 [as subgenus of
Pseudolasius]. Type-species: Pseudolasius (Nesolasius)
typhlops, by original designation. Nesolasius provi­
sional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pseudolasius: B r o w n ,
1973b: 183; confirmed Bolton, 1994: 50.
NESOMYRMEX (junior s y n o n y m of Leptothorax)
Nesomyrmex Wheeler, W.M. 1910a: 2 5 9 . Type-species:
Nesomyrmex clovipilis, by m o n o t y p y . Nesomyrmex sub­
g e n u s of Leptothorax: Emery, 1915g: 24; Smith, M.R.
1950: 30. Nesomyrmex senior s y n o n y m of
Caulomyrma: Emery, 1915g: 24. Nesomyrmex j u n i o r
s y n o n y m of Goniothorax: Emery, 1922f: 249 (incor­
rect p r o c e d u r e as Goniothorax a j u n i o r h o m o n y m ,
Nesomyrmex is first available replacement n a m e , see
Smith, M.R. 1950: 30). Nesomyrmex senior s y n o n y m
of Limnomyrmex: B r o w n , 1971a: 4 . Nesomyrmex
senior s y n o n y m of Meia (unnecessary replacement
n a m e for Goniothorax): Bolton, 1994: 105.
Nesomyrmex provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Leptothorax: B r o w n , 1973b: 183. Nesomyrmex j u n i o r
s y n o n y m of Leptothorax: Bolton, 1982: 319.
[Nesomyrmex possibly valid genus: F r a n c o e u r &
Loiselle, 1988b: 4 3 . Nesomyrmex revived status as
genus, b u t its j u n i o r s y n o n y m s left u n d e r
Leptothorax: Holldobler & Wilson, 1990: 14.
Nesomyrmex reverts h e r e to s y n o n y m y of Leptothorax
until g e n u s g r o u p t a x o n o m y can b e investigated.]
NIMBAMYRMA (junior s y n o n y m of Oligomyrmex)
NimbamyrmaBemard, 1953b: 240. Type-species:
Nimbamyrma villiersi, by m o n o t y p y . Nimbamyrma
j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Oligomyrmex: Ettershank, 1966:
120.
NOMAMYRMEX ( E d t o n i n a e : Edtonini)
NomamyrmexBorgmeier, 1936: 55 [as subgenus of
Eciton]. Type-spedes: Eciton crassicornis, by original
designation. Nomamyrmex raised t o genus: Borgme­
ier, 1953: 4 . Revision of genus: Borgmeier, 1955b:
135. Keys to s p e d e s : Watkins, 1 9 7 6 : 7 ; Watkins,
1977a: 2 0 3 .
NOONILLA (Leptanillinae: Leptanillini)
Noonilla Petersen, 1968: 582. Type-spedes: Noonilla
copiosa, b y original designation. Review of genus:
Baroni Urbani, 1977c: 4 8 2 .
NOTHIDRIS (Myrmicinae: Solenopsidini)
Nothidris Ettershank, 1 9 6 6 : 1 0 5 . Type-spedes:
Monomorium latastei, by original designation. Key to
s p e d e s : Snelling & Hunt, 1976: 79. Review of
genus: Bolton, 1987: 2 8 4 .
NOTHOMYRMECIA (Nothomyrmeciinae)
Nothomyrmecia Clark, 1934a: 17. Type-spedes:
Nothomyrmecia macrops, by original designation.
Review of genus: Taylor, 1978a: 979; see also
Holldobler & Taylor, 1984: 384.
*NOTHOMYRMICA (Myrmicinae: M y r m i d n i ? )
*Nothomyrmica~Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 60. Type-spedes:
*Macromischa rudis, by original designation.
[*Nothomyrmica Wheeler, W.M. 1908g: 4 1 3 , a n d
Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 167, nominanuda.]
NOTHOSPHINCTUS (junior s y n o n y m of
Sphinctomyrmex)
Nothosphinctus Wheeler, W.M. 1918a: 219 [as subge­
n u s of Eusphinctus]. Type-spedes: Sphinctomyrmex
froggatti, by subsequent designation of Donisthorpe,
1943f: 6 7 5 . Nothosphinctus provisional j u n i o r syn­
o n y m of Sphinctomyrmex: B r o w n , 1973b: 183.
Nothosphinctus j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Sphinctomyrmex:
Brown, 1975:31.
NOTOMYRMEX (junior s y n o n y m of Chelaner)
Notomyrmex Emery, 1915i: 190 [as subgenus of
Monomorium}. Type-spedes: Atta antarctica, by origi­
n a l designation. Notomyrmex raised to genus:
Kusnezov, 1957a: 2 6 9 ; Kusnezov, 1960b: 3 4 3 .
Notomyrmex j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Chelaner:
Ettershank, 1966: 9 3 . [Chelaner j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Monomorium: Bolton, 1987:287.]
NOTONCUS (Formicinae: Melophorini)
Notoncus Emery, 1895g: 352. Type-spedes: Camponotus
ectatommoides, by original designation. Notoncus
senior s y n o n y m of Diodontolepis, a n d revision of
g e n u s : B r o w n , 1955d: 4 7 1 .
NOTOSTIGMA ( F o r m i d n a e : Camponotini)
Notostigma Emery, 1920b: 2 5 2 . Type-spedes:
Camponotus carazzii, by original designation.
NOVOMESSOR (junior s y n o n y m oi Aphaenogaster)
Novomessor Emery, 1915d: 7 3 . Type-spedes:
Aphaenogaster (Ischnomyrmex) cockerelli, by original
designation. Revision of genus: Wheeler, W.M. &
Creighton, 1934: 3 4 3 . Novomessor j u n i o r s y n o n y m
of Aphaenogaster: B r o w n , 1974b: 4 7 . Novomessor
revived from s y n o n y m y : Holldobler, Stanton &
Engel, 1976: 32. Novomessor j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Aphaenogaster: Bolton, 1982: 3 6 4 (discussion
pp. 339-341).
NYCTERESIA (junior s y n o n y m of Labidus)
Nycteresia Roger, 1861a: 2 1 . Type-spedes: Formica
coeca, by m o n o t y p y . Nycteresia j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Eciton: Mayr, 1865: 76. Nycteresia junior s y n o n y m of
Labidus: Emery, 1910b: 2 1 ; Borgmeier, 1955b: 80.
NYLANDERIA (junior s y n o n y m of Paratrechina)
Nylanderia Emery, 1906b: 133 [as subgenus of Pre-
nolepis}. Type-spedes: Formica vividula, by original
designation. Nylanderia subgenus of Paratrechina:
Emery, 1925b: 2 1 7 . Nylanderia raised to g e n u s :
Wheeler, W.M. 1936b: 210; m a i n t a i n e d as genus:
Kempf, 1972a: 166. Nylanderia provisional j u n i o r
s y n o n y m of Paratrechina: B r o w n , 1973b: 183.
Nylanderia j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Paratrechina: Trager,
1984b: 5 1 .
NYSTALOMYRMA (junior s y n o n y m oi Aphaenogaster)
Nystalomyrma Wheeler, W.M. 1916j: 215 [as subgenus
of Aphaenogaster}. Type-spedes: Myrmica longiceps, by
original designation. Nystalomyrma provisional
j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Aphaenogaster: B r o w n , 1973b:
Genus-Group Taxa 39
 183. Nystalomyrma j u n i o r s y n o n y m oi Aphaenogaster:
Bolton, 1982: 364.
OCHETELLUS (DoUchoderinae)
Ochetellus Shattuck, 1992a: 16. Type-species:
Hypoclinea glabra, by original designation. Review of
g e n u s : Shattuck, 1992c: 129.
OCHETOMYRMEX (Myrmicinae: Ochetomyrmecini)
Ochetomyrmex Mayr, 1878: 8 7 1 . Type-species:
Ochetomyrmex semipolitus, by m o n o t y p y .
Ochetomyrmex senior s y n o n y m of Brownidris, a n d
review of genus: Kempf, 1975c: 355; see also notes
in Bolton, 1987: 266.
OCTELLA (junior s y n o n y m of Solenopsis)
Octella Forel, 1915b: 70 [as subgenus of Oligomyrmex].
Type-species: Oligomyrmex (Octella) pachycents, by
original designation. Octella j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Oligomyrmex: Ettershank, 1966: 119. Octella j u n i o r
s y n o n y m of Solenopsis: Taylor, 1991b: 611 (not
directly stated b u t type-species transferred to
Solenopsis).
OCTOSTRUMA (Myrmicinae: Basicerotini)
Octostruma Forel, 1912e: 196 [as subgenus of
Rhopalothrix]. Type-species: Rhopalothrix simoni
(junior s y n o n y m of Octostruma iheringi), by sub­
s e q u e n t designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 82.
Octostruma raised to genus: B r o w n , 1948e: 102.
Revision of genus: B r o w n 8- Kempf, 1960: 181.
OCYMYRMEX (Myrmicinae: Pheidolini)
Ocymyrmex Emery, 1886: 364. Type-species: Ocymyrmex
barbiger, by m o n o t y p y . Revision of genus: Bolton,
1981b: 260; Bolton & Marsh, 1989: 1267.
ODONTOMACHUS (Ponerinae: Ponerini)
Odontomachus Latreille, 1 8 0 4 : 1 7 9 . Type-species: For­
mica haematoda, by m o n o t y p y . Odontomachus senior
s y n o n y m of Pedetes: Dalla Torre, 1893: 5 1 .
Odontomachus senior s y n o n y m of Champsomyrmex
a n d Myrtoteras, a n d revision of genus: B r o w n ,
1976a: 6 7 .
ODONTOMYRMEX (junior s y n o n y m of Pristomyrmex)
Odontomyrmex Andre, 1 9 0 5 : 2 0 7 . Type-species:
Odontomyrmex quadridentatus, by m o n o t y p y .
Odontomyrmex subgenus of Pristomyrmex: Forel,
1 9 1 7 : 2 4 4 ; m a i n t a i n e d as subgenus: Wheeler, W.M.
1922a: 682. Odontomyrmex j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Pristomyrmex:Mann, 1919: 3 4 1 ; Emery, 1922f: 2 3 3 ;
Taylor, 1965b: 35; Bolton, 1981b: 2 8 2 .
ODONTOPELTA (junior s y n o n y m of Leptogenys)
Odontopelta Emery, 1911 d: 101 [as subgenus of
Leptogenys]. Type-species: Leptogenys turneri, by
m o n o t y p y . Odontopelta provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m
oi Leptogenys: Brown, 1973b: 183. Odontopelta j u n i o r
s y n o n y m of Leptogenys: Taylor & B r o w n , D.R. 1985:
32 (accepted as confirmation).
ODONTOPONERA (Ponerinae: Ponerini)
Odontoponera Mayr, 1862: 717. Type-spedes: Ponera
denticulata (junior s y n o n y m of Odontoponera trans­
versa), by monotypy.
OECODOMA (junior s y n o n y m of Atta)
Oecodoma Latreille, 1818: 222. Type-spedes: Formica
cephalotes, by s u b s e q u e n t designation of Shuckard,
in Swainson & Shuckard, 1840: 174. Oecodoma
j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Atta: Roger, 1863b: 3 5 .
OECOPHTHORA (junior s y n o n y m of Pheidole)
Oecophthora Heer, 1852: 15. Type-spedes: Oecophthora
pusilla (junior s y n o n y m of Pheidole megacephala), by
40 Genus-Group Taxa
m o n o t y p y . Oecophthora j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pheidole:
Smith, F. 1858a: 282; Smith, F. 1858b: 172.
OECOPHYLLA (Formicinae: Oecophyllini)
Oecophylla Smith, F. 1860b: 1 0 1 . Type-spedes: Formica
virescens (junior s y n o n y m of Oecophylla smaragdina),
by s u b s e q u e n t designation of Bingham, 1903: 310.
OEDALEOCERUS (junior s y n o n y m of Solenopsis)
Oedaleocerus Creighton, 1930b: 4 3 [as subgenus of
Solenopsis]. Type-spedes: Solenopsisangulata, by origi­
nal designation. Oedaleocerus raised to genus:
Kusnezov, 1957a: 272; Kusnezov, 1962b: 160.
Oedaleocerus j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Solenopsis:
Ettershank, 1966: 134.
OLIGOMYRMEX (Myrmicinae: Pheidologetonini)
OligomyrmexMayr, 1867a: 110. Type-species:
Oligomyrmex concinnus, by m o n o t y p y . Oligomyrmex
senior s y n o n y m of Aeromyrma, Aneleus (and its
j u n i o r s y n o n y m Sporocleptes), Crateropsis,
Hendecatella, Lecanomyrma, Nimbamyrma, Solenops,
a n d review of genus: Ettershank, 1 9 6 6 : 1 1 9 .
Oligomyrmex senior s y n o n y m of Erebomyrma (and its
j u n i o r s y n o n y m Spelaeomyrmex): Bolton, 1 9 9 4 : 1 0 6 .
ONYCHOMYRMEX (Ponerinae: Amblyoponini)
Onychomyrmex Emery, 1895g: 349. Type-spedes:
Onychomyrmex hedleyi, by m o n o t y p y . Revision of
genus: B r o w n , 1960a: 178.
OOCERAEA (junior s y n o n y m of Cerapachys)
Ooceraea Roger, 1862a: 2 4 8 . Type-species: Ooceraea
fragosa, by m o n o t y p y . Ooceraea subgenus of
Cerapachys: Emery, 1902d: 24; Wheeler, W.M.
1902d: 185. Ooceraea provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Cerapachys: B r o w n , 1973b: 183. Ooceraea j u n i o r syn­
o n y m of Cerapachys: B r o w n , 1 9 7 5 : 1 9 .
OPHTHALMOPONE (junior s y n o n y m of Pachycondyla)
Ophthalmopone Forel, 1890b: ori. Type-spedes:
Ophthalmopone berthoudi, b y m o n o t y p y .
Ophthalmopone j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pachycondyla:
B r o w n , in preparation.
OPISTHOPSIS (Formicinae: Camponotini)
Opisthopsis Dalla Torre, 1 8 9 3 : 2 1 9 . Replacement n a m e
for Myrmecopsis Smith, F. 1865: 68. [Junior h o m ­
o n y m oi Myrmecopsis N e w m a n , 1850: cxxii.] Revi­
sion of g e n u s : Wheeler, W.M. 1918d: 341 (out of
date).
OPISTHOSCYPHUS (junior s y n o n y m oi Alfaria)
Opisthoscyphus M a n n , 1 9 2 2 : 4 . Type-spedes:
Opisthoscyphus scabrosus (junior s y n o n y m of
Gnamptogenys minuta), by original designation.
Opisthoscyphus j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Alfaria: B r o w n , in
Borgmeier, 1957: 115. [Alfaria j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Gnamptogenys: B r o w n , 1958g:212.]
ORECTOGNATHUS (Myrmicinae: Dacetini)
Orectognathus Smith, F. 1 8 5 4 : 2 2 7 . Type-species:
Orectognathus antennatus, by m o n o t y p y .
Orectognathus senior s y n o n y m of Arnoldidris: Taylor,
1977: 5 8 1 . Revisions of g e n u s : B r o w n , 1953k: 84;
B r o w n , 1958b: 17; Taylor, 1977: 585; Taylor, 1978b:
1.
OREOMYRMA (junior s y n o n y m of Neomyrma)
Oreomyrma Wheeler, W.M. 1914d: 118 [as subgenus of
Myrmica]. Type-spedes: Myrmica rubida, by original
designation. Oreomyrma j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Neomyrma: Wheeler, W.M. 1915a: 50. [Neomyrma
j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Manica: Emery, 192 If: 42.]
ORNATINODA (junior s y n o n y m of Pseudomyrmex)
Ornatinoda E n z m a n n , E.V. 1944: 61 [as "branch" of
Pseudomyrma]. Type-spedes: Formica tenuis, by origi­
nal designation. Ornatinoda j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Pseudomyrmex: Ward, 1 9 9 0 : 4 6 9 .
#ORTHOCREMA (subgenus of Crematogaster)
Orthocrema Santschi, 1918d: 182 [as subgenus of
Crematogaster]. Type-spedes: Myrmica sordidula, by
original designation. Orthocrema raised to genus:
Soulie, 1964: 398. Orthocrema provisional j u n i o r
s y n o n y m of Crematogaster: B r o w n , 1973b: 183
(unconfirmed). Orthocrema reverts h e r e to subgenus
of Crematogaster. Key to Indo-Australian species:
Menozzi, 1935a: 112.
^ORTHONOTOMYRMEX (subgenus of Camponotus)
Orthonotomyrmex Ashmead, 1906: 3 1 . Replacement
n a m e for Orthonotus Ashmead, 1905b: 384. [Junior
h o m o n y m of Orthonotus Westwood, in Stephens,
1829: 344.] Orthonotomyrmex subgenus of
Camponotus:Forel, 1913c: 350 (in text).
Orthonotomyrmex provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Camponotus:Brown, 1973b: 183 (unconfirmed).
Notes o n subgenus: Donisthorpe, 1942g: 2 4 8 .
ORTHONOTUS (junior h o m o n y m , see
Orthonotomyrmex)
Orthonotus Ashmead, 1905b: 384. Type-spedes: For­
mica sericea, by original designation. [Junior h o m ­
o n y m of Orthonotus Westwood, in Stephens, 1829:
344 (Hemiptera).] Orthonotomyrmex Ashmead,
1906: 3 1 , replacement n a m e for Orthonotus
Ashmead.
OTOMYRMEX (junior s y n o n y m of Cataulacus)
OtomyrmexYorA, 1891b: 147 [as subgenus of Cataula­
cus}. Type-spedes: Cataulacus oberthueri, by
m o n o t y p y . Otomyrmex provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m
of Cataulacus: B r o w n , 1973b: 183. Otomyrmex j u n i o r
s y n o n y m of Cataulacus: Bolton, 1974a: 7.
OVERBECKIA ( F o r m i d n a e : Camponotini)
Overbeckia Viehmeyer, 1916a: 1 5 1 . Type-species: Over-
beckia subclavata, by m o n o t y p y .
OXYEPOECUS (Myrmicinae: Solenopsidini)
Oxyepoecus Santschi, 1926d: 6. Type-spedes: Oxyepoecus
bruchi, by m o n o t y p y . Oxyepoecus senior s y n o n y m of
Forelifidis (and t h e j u n i o r h o m o n y m Martia Forel):
B r o w n , 1955b: 6 8 . Review of g e n u s : Ettershank,
1 9 6 6 : 1 4 4 . Revision of g e n u s : Kempf, 1974b: 4 7 1 .
#OXYGYNE (subgenus of Crematogaster)
OxygyneVorA, 1901e: 375 [as subgenus oi Crematogas­
ter]. Type-spedes: Crematogaster (Oxygyne) daisyi, by
s u b s e q u e n t designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1911 f:
169. Oxygyne raised to genus: Soulie, 1964: 398. Oxy­
gyne provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Crematogaster:
B r o w n , 1973b: 183 (unconfirmed). Oxygyne reverts
h e r e to subgenus of Crematogaster.
*OXYIDRIS (Myrrmcinae: Pheidologetonini)
*Oxyidris Wilson, 1985a: 5. Type-species: *Oxyidrisantill-
ana, by original designation.
OXYOPOMYRMEX (Myrmicinae: Pheidolini)
Oxyopomyrmex Andre, 1881b: 72. Type-spedes: Oxy-
opomyrmex oculatus, b y m o n o t y p y .
PACHYCONDYLA (Ponerinae: Ponerini)
Pachycondyla Smith, F. 1858b: 105. Type-spedes: For­
mica crassinoda, by s u b s e q u e n t designation of
Emery, 1901a: 4 2 . Pachycondyla provisional senior
s y n o n y m of Bothroponera (and its j u n i o r s y n o n y m
Pseudoneoponera), Ectomomyrmex, Eumecopone,
 Mesoponera (and its j u n i o r s y n o n y m Xiphopelta),
Neoponera, Pseudoponera (and its j u n i o r s y n o n y m
Trachymesopus), Termitopone (and its j u n i o r s y n o n y m
Syntermitopone), Wadeura: B r o w n , 1973b: 1 7 9 - 1 8 5 .
Pachycondyla provisional senior s y n o n y m of
Brachyponera: Snelling, 1981: 389. Confirmation of
t h e s e provisional s y n o n y m s , a n d Pachycondyla
senior s y n o n y m of Euponera, Hagensia, Megaponera,
Ophthalmopone, Paltothyreus: B r o w n , in preparation.
PACHYSIMA (junior s y n o n y m of Tetraponera)
Pachysima Emery, 1912b: 97 [as subgenus of Sima].
Type-species: Tetraponera aethiops, by m o n o t y p y .
Pachysima raised to g e n u s : Wheeler, W.M. 1918c:
308 (footnote). Revision of g e n u s : Wheeler, W.M.
1922a: 112. Pachysima provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m
of Tetraponera: B r o w n , 1973b: 183. Pachysima j u n i o r
s y n o n y m of Tetraponera: Ward, 1 9 9 0 : 4 7 0 .
PAEDALGUS (Myrmicinae: Pheidologetonini)
Paedalgus Forel, 191 l i : 2 1 7 . Type-species: Paeaalgus
escherichi, by monotypy. Review of genus:
Ettershank, 1 9 6 6 : 1 2 8 . Revision of g e n u s : Bolton &
Belshaw, 1 9 9 3 : 1 8 1 .
PALAEATTA (junior s y n o n y m of Atta)
Palaeatta Borgmeier, 1950d: 2 4 4 [as subgenus of Atta].
Type-species: Atta bisphaerica, by original designa­
tion. Palaeatta j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Atta: Weber,
1958a: 8. Palaeatta revived from s y n o n y m y as subge­
n u s of Atta, a n d revision of subgenus: Borgmeier,
1959b: 377. Palaeatta provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Atta: B r o w n , 1973b: 183; confirmed Bolton, 1994:
105.
*PALAEOMYRMEX (transferred to HOMOPTERA)
*Palaeomyrmex Heer, 1 8 6 5 : 9 1 . Type-spedes: *Pal-
aeomyrmexprodromus, by m o n o t y p y . *Palaeomyrmex
transferred from F o r m i d d a e to HOMOPTERA:
Handlirsch, 1906: 507.
*PALAEOMYRMEX (junior h o m o n y m , see *Dlusskyidris)
*PalaeomyrmexDhissky, 1 9 7 5 : 1 1 8 . Type-spedes: *Pal-
aeomyrmexzherichini, by original designation.
[Junior h o m o n y m of *Palaeomyrmex Heer, 1865: 91
(Homoptera).] *Dlusskyidris Bolton, 1 9 9 4 : 1 8 7 , re­
placement n a m e for *Palaeomyrmex DIussky. *Pal-
aeomyrmex DIussky transferred to
*Sphecomyrmidae: DIussky, 1983: 66. *Pal-
aeomyrmex DIussky j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
*Sphecomyrma: Wilson, 1 9 8 7 : 4 9 ; Holldobler & Wil­
son, 1 9 9 0 : 9 . *Palaeomyrmex DIussky revived from
s y n o n y m y : DIussky & Fedoseeva, 1987: 77; Carpen­
ter, 1 9 9 2 : 4 9 3 .
*PALEOSMINTHURUS (*Paleosminthurinae)
*Paleosminthurus Pierce & Gibron, 1 9 6 2 : 1 4 6 . Type-spe­
d e s : *Paleosminthurusjuliae, b y m o n o t y p y . *Pale-
osminthurus transferred from *Paleosminthuridae to
F o r m i d d a e : Najt, 1 9 8 7 : 1 5 2 .
PALTOTHYREUS (junior s y n o n y m of Pachycondyla)
Paltothyreus Mayr, 1 8 6 2 : 7 3 5 . Type-spedes: Formica tar-
sata, by m o n o t y p y . Paltothyreus j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Pachycondyla: B r o w n , in preparation.
PAPYRIUS (DoUchoderinae)
Papyrius Shattuck, 1992a: 17. Type-spedes:
Iridomyrmex nitida, by original designation. Review
of genus: Shattuck, 1992c: 134.
PARACOLOBOPSIS (junior s y n o n y m of Myrmaphaenus)
Paracolobopsis Emery, 1920b: 2 4 9 [as subgenus of
Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus salvini, by
original designation. Paracolobopsis j u n i o r s y n o n y m
of Myrmaphaenus: Emery, 1925b: 152.
#PARACREMA (subgenus of Crematogaster)
Paracrema Santschi, 1918d: 182 [as subgenus of
Crematogaster]. Type-spedes: Crematogasterspengeli,
by original designation. Paracrema raised to g e n u s :
Soulie, 1964: 3 9 8 . Paracrema provisional j u n i o r syn­
o n y m of Crematogaster: B r o w n , 1973b: 183.
Paracrema h e r e reverts to subgenus of Crematogaster.
PARACRYPTOCERUS (junior s y n o n y m of Zacryptocerus)
Paracryptocerus Emery, 19151: 192 [as subgenus of
Cryptocerus]. Type-spedes: Cryptocerus spinosus, by
original designation. Paracryptocerus raised to genus:
Smith, M.R. 1949c: 20. Paracryptocerus senior syn­
o n y m of Cyathocephalus ( h o m o n y m ) , Cyathomyrmex,
a n d Harnedia: Kempf, 1972a: 175. Paracryptocerus
j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Zacryptocerus: Kempf, 1973c:
4 6 0 . Revisionary studies: Kempf, 1 9 5 1 : 1 5 3 ; Kempf,
1952: 1; Kempf, 1958a: 6 1 .
PARAENICTUS (junior s y n o n y m of Aenictus)
Paraenictus Wheeler, W.M. 1929g: 27 [as subgenus of
Aenictus]. Type-spedes: Aenictus (Paraenictus)
silvestrii, by m o n o t y p y . Paraenictus j u n i o r s y n o n y m
of Aenictus: Wilson, 1964a: 4 4 4 .
PARAFORMICA (junior s y n o n y m of Cataglyphis)
Paraformica Forel, 1915b: 95 (footnote) [as subgenus
of Formica]. Type-spedes: Formica (Paraformica)
emmae, by m o n o t y p y . Paraformica raised to genus:
Emery, 1925b: 260; Paraformica subgenus of
Cataglyphis: Santschi, 1925g: 353; Santschi, 1929b:
30. Paraformica subgenus of Proformica: Kuznetsov-
Ugamsky, 1928a: 7. Paraformica provisional j u n i o r
s y n o n y m of Cataglyphis: B r o w n , 1973b: 183.
Paraformica j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Cataglyphis: Agosti,
1990a: 1462; Agosti, 1994a: 103.
*PARAMERANOPLUS (Myrmicinae: Meranoplini)
*Parameranoplus Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 69. Type-spe­
d e s : *Parameranoplus primaevus, by m o n o t y p y .
PARAMYCETOPHYLAX (junior s y n o n y m of
Mycetophylax)
Paramycetophylax Kusnezov, 1 9 5 6 : 2 3 . Type-spedes:
Sericomyrmex bruchi, by m o n o t y p y . Paramycetophylax
junior s y n o n y m of Mycetophylax: Weber, 1958d: 262.
#PARAMYRMAMBLYS (subgenus of Camponotus)
Paramyrmamblys Santschi, 1926c: 6 0 4 [as subgenus of
Camponotus].Type-species: Camponotus
(Myrmamblys) ostiarius, by original designation.
Paramyrmamblys provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Camponotus:Brown, 1973b: 183 (unconfirmed).
PARAMYRMICA (junior s y n o n y m of Myrmica)
Paramyrmica Cole, 1957a: 37. Type-spedes:
Paramyrmica colax, by original designation.
Paramyrmica provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Myrmica: B r o w n , 1973b: 183. Paramyrmica j u n i o r
s y n o n y m of Myrmica: Bolton, 1988a: 3.
PARANAMYRMA (junior s y n o n y m of Solenopsis)
Paranamyrma Kusnezov, 1953d: 17. Type-spedes:
Paranamyrma solenopsidis, by m o n o t y p y .
[Paranamyrma also described as n e w by Kusnezov,
1954a: 9.] Paranamyrma j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Solenop­
sis: Ettershank, 1 9 6 6 : 1 3 4 .
*PARANEURETUS (Aneuretinae)
*Paraneuretus Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 7 3 . Type-spedes:
*Paraneuretus tornquisti, by original designation.
[*Paraneuretus Wheeler, W.M. 1908g: 4 1 3 ; Wheeler,
W.M. 1910g: 148; Emery, 1912g: 2; nomina nuda.]
PARANOMOPONE (junior s y n o n y m of Heteroponera)
Paranomopone Wheeler, W.M. 1915c: 117. Type-spe­
d e s : Paranomopone relicta, by m o n o t y p y .
Paranomopone j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Heteroponera:
B r o w n , 1958g: 194.
PARAPARATRECHINA (junior s y n o n y m of
Paratrechina)
Paraparatrechina Donisthorpe, 1947d: 192 [as subge­
n u s of Paratrechina]. Type-species: Paratrechina
(Paraparatrechina) pallida, by m o n o t y p y .
Paraparatrechina provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Paratrechina: B r o w n , 1973b: 183. Paraparatrechina
j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Paratrechina: Trager, 1984b: 58.
PARAPHACOTA (junior s y n o n y m of Monomorium)
Paraphacota Santschi, 1919d: 90. Type-spedes:
Paraphacota surcoufi, b y m o n o t y p y . [Type-spedes not
Phacota noualhieri, unjustified subsequent designa­
tion b y Santschi, 1927d: 2 4 5 ; this error repeated in
Ettershank, 1966: 82 a n d Bolton, 1973a: 352.]
Paraphacota j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Monomorium:
Santschi, 1927d: 2 4 3 ; Bolton, 1987: 2 9 3 .
*PARAPHAENOGASTER (Myrmicinae: Pheidolini)
*Paraphaenogaster DIussky, 1981b: 6 8 . Type-spedes:
*Paraphaenogaster microphthalmus, by original desig­
nation. [*Paraphaeogaster Hong, 1984: 8, incorrect
s u b s e q u e n t spelling.]
PARAPHEIDOLE (junior s y n o n y m of Pheidole)
Parapheidole Emery, 1915d: 68. Type-species:
Aphaenogaster oculata, by m o n o t y p y . Parapheidole
provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pheidole: Brown,
1973b: 183. Parapheidole j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Pheidole: Smith, D.R. 1979: 1366.
PARAPLAGIOLEPIS (junior s y n o n y m of Plagiolepis)
Paraplagiolepis Faber, 1969: 65 [as subgenus of
Plagiolepis]. Type-spedes: Plagiolepis xene, by
m o n o t y p y . Paraplagiolepis provisional j u n i o r syn­
o n y m of Plagiolepis: B r o w n , 1973b: 183; confirmed
Bolton, 1994: 5 1 .
PARAPONERA (Ponerinae: Paraponerini)
Paraponera Smith, F. 1858b: 100. Type-spedes: Formica
clavata, by m o n o t y p y . Revision of g e n u s : Brown,
1958g: 2 0 5 . See also: Lattke, 1994: 1 1 1 .
PARAPRIONOPELTA (Ponerinae: Amblyoponini)
Paraprionopelta Kusnezov, 1 9 5 5 : 2 7 0 . Type-spedes:
Paraprionopelta minima, by m o n o t y p y .
Paraprionopelta discussed: B r o w n , 1960a: 1 8 1 .
Paraprionopelta provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Amblyopone:Brown, 1973b: 183 (unconfirmed).
PARASIMA Ounior s y n o n y m of Tetraponera)
Parasima Donisthorpe, 1948d: 592 [as subgenus of
Tetraponera]. Unnecessary replacement n a m e for
Sima in t h e sense of Emery, 192 If: 2 3 . Parasima
j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Tetraponera: Ward, 1 9 9 0 : 4 7 0 .
PARASYSCIA (junior s y n o n y m of Cerapachys)
Parasyscia Emery, i n Andre, 1882c: 2 3 5 . Type-spedes:
Parasyscia piochardi, by m o n o t y p y . Parasyscia subge­
n u s of Cerapachys-.ForA, 18921:243. Parasyscia
j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Cerapachys: Kempf, 1972a: 76.
PARATOPULA (Myrmicinae: Formicoxenini)
Paratopula Wheeler, WJVI. 1919e: 144. Type-species:
Atopomyrmex ceylonicus, by original designation.
Paratopula provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Atopula:
Genus-Group Taxa 41
 B r o w n , 1973b: 1 8 3 . Paratopula valid genus, a n d
revision of g e n u s : Bolton, 1988b: 125.
PARATRECHINA (Formicinae: Lasiini)
Paratrechina Motschoulsky, 1 8 6 3 : 1 3 . Type-species:
Paratrechina currens (junior s y n o n y m of Paratrechina
longicornis), by s u b s e q u e n t designation of Wheeler,
W.M. 191 If: 170. Paratrechina j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Prenolepis: Dalla Torre, 1893: 177; Wheeler, W.M.
1922a: 940. Paratrechina revived from s y n o n y m y :
Emery, 1925b: 216. Paratrechina senior s y n o n y m of
Nylanderia a n d Paraparatrechina, a n d revision of
N o r t h American species: Trager, 1984b: 58.
Paratrechina senior s y n o n y m of Andragnathus:
Agosti & Bolton, 1990a: 7 5 .
PARECTATOMMA (junior s y n o n y m of Gnamptogenys)
Parectatomma Emery, 1 9 l i d : 4 4 [as subgenus of
Ectatomma]. Type-species: Ectatomma triangulare, by
original designation. Parectatomma subgenus of
Gnamptogenys: Forel, 1917: 2 3 6 . Parectatomma j u n i o r
s y n o n y m of Gnamptogenys:Brown, 1958g: 212.
PARHOLCOMYRMEX (junior s y n o n y m of Monomorium)
Parholcomyrmex Emery, 1915i: 190 [as subgenus of
Monomorium]. Type-species: Myrmica gracillima
(junior s y n o n y m oi Monomorium destructor), by origi­
nal designation. Parholcomyrmex j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Monomorium: Ettershank, 1966: 82; see also Bolton,
1 9 8 7 : 2 9 6 . [Paraholcomyrmex Emery, 19151: 191,
incorrect s u b s e q u e n t spelling.]
PEDETES (junior s y n o n y m of Odontomachus)
Pedetes Bernstein, 1 8 6 1 : 7. Type-species: Pedetes
macrorhynchus, by m o n o t y p y . Pedetes j u n i o r syn­
o n y m of Odontomachus: Dalla Torre, 1893: 5 1 .
PENTASTRUMA (Myrmicinae: Dacetini)
Pentastruma Forel, 1912a: 50. Type-species: Pen-
tastruma sauteri, by m o n o t y p y . Revision of g e n u s :
B r o w n & Boisvert, 1 9 7 9 : 2 0 1 . [See n o t e u n d e r
Strumigenys.]
PERGANDEA (nomen nudum)
Pergandea Ashmead, 1905b: 382, nomen nudum.
PERISSOMYRMEX (Myrrmcinae: Myrmecmini)
Perissomyrmex Smith, M.R. 1947i: 2 8 1 . Type-species:
Perissomyrmex snyderi, by original designation.
PERONOMYRMEX (Myrmicinae: Formicoxenini)
Peronomyrmex Viehmeyer, 1 9 2 2 : 2 1 2 . Type-species:
Peronomyrmex overbecki, by m o n o t y p y . Review of
genus: Taylor, 1970b: 2 0 9 .
PETALOMYRMEX (Formicinae: Brachymyrmecini)
Petalomyrmex Snelling, 1979b: 5. Type-species:
Petalomyrmexphylax, by original designation.
*PETRAEOMYRMEX (Dolichoderinae)
*Petraeomyrmex Carpenter, 1930: 5 5 . Type-spedes:
*Petraeomyrmex minimus, by original designation.
*PETROPONE (*Armaniinae)
*Petropone DIussky, 1 9 7 5 : 1 1 9 . Type-spedes: *Petropone
petiolata, by original designation. *Petropone placed
in *Armaniidae: DIussky & Fedoseeva, 1 9 8 7 : 7 7 .
*Petropone possible j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
*Sphecomyrma: Holldobler & Wilson, 1990: 9.
*Petropone status as genus: Carpenter, 1 9 9 2 : 4 9 3
PHACOTA (Myrmicinae: Solenopsidini)
Phacota Roger, 1862b: 2 6 0 . Type-spedes: Phacota
sichelii, by m o n o t y p y . Phacota j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Monomorium: Ettershank, 1 9 6 6 : 8 2 . Phacota revived
from s y n o n y m y : Bolton, 1 9 8 7 : 2 8 1 .
42 Genus-Group Taxa
PHALACROMYRMEX (Myrmicinae:
Phalacromyrmecini)
PhalacromyrmexKempf, 1960b: 89. Type-spedes:
Phalacromyrmexfugax, by original designation.
Review of genus: Bolton, 1984: 377.
PHARAOPHANES (unavailable n a m e )
Pharaophanes Bernard, 1953b: 2 3 8 (attributed to
Santschi) [as subgenus of Monomorium]. [Without
designation of t y p e - s p e d e s ; unavailable n a m e . ]
I n d u d e d s p e d e s all referable to Monomorium; see
also n o t e in Baroni Urbani, 1971c: 90.
PHASMOMYRMEX (Formicinae: Camponotini)
Phasmomyrmex Stitz, 1 9 1 0 : 1 4 6 . Type-spedes:
Phasmomyrmex sericeus (junior s y n o n y m of
Phasmomyrmex buchneri), by m o n o t y p y .
Phasmomyrmex subgenus of Camponotus: Forel,
I912i: 90. Phasmomyrmex revived status as genus:
Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 7 0 1 . Subgenera of
Phasmomyrmex: n o m i n a l plus Myrmacantha,
Myrmorhachis.
PHAULOMYRMA (Leptanillinae: Leptanillini)
Phaulomyrma Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, E.W. 1930:
193. Type-spedes: Phaulomyrma javana, by original
designation. Review of g e n u s : Petersen, 1968: 593;
Baroni Urbani, 1977c: 480.
PHEIDOLACANTHINUS (junior s y n o n y m of Pheidole)
Pheidolacanthinus Smith, F. 1865: 7 5 . Type-spedes:
Pheidolacanthinus armatus (junior s y n o n y m of
Pheidole quadrispinosa), by m o n o t y p y .
Pheidolacanthinus subgenus of Pheidole: Forel, 1900a:
2 5 . Pheidolacanthinus provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Pheidole: Brown, 1973b: 183. Pheidolacanthinus
j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pheidole: Smith, D.R. 1 9 7 9 : 1 3 6 5 .
PHEIDOLE (Myrmicinae: Pheidolini)
Pheidole Westwood, 1 8 3 9 : 2 1 9 . Type-spedes: Atta pro-
videns, b y m o n o t y p y . Pheidole senior s y n o n y m of
Oecophthora: Smith, F. 1858a: 282; Smith, F. 1858b:
172. Pheidole senior s y n o n y m of leptomyrma.-Emery,
1892b: 166. Pheidole senior s y n o n y m oi Allopheidole
a n d Cardiopheidole: Emery, 1921 f: 8 4 . Pheidole senior
s y n o n y m of Phidole: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 806.
Pheidole senior s y n o n y m of Macropheidole: Smith,
M.R. 1951a: 8 0 0 . Pheidole senior s y n o n y m of
Epipheidole: Cole, 1965: 174. Pheidole provisional
senior s y n o n y m of Anergatides, Bruchomyrma,
Ceratopheidole, Conothoracoides, Conothorax (hom­
o n y m ) , Decapheidole, Elasmopheidole, Electropheidole,
Eriopheidole, Gallardomyrma, Hendecapheidole (and its
j u n i o r s y n o n y m Cephalomorium), Ischnomyrmex (and
its j u n i o r s y n o n y m Isopheidole), Parapheidole,
Pheidolacanthinus, Scrobopheidole, Stegopheidole, Sym-
pheidole, a n d Trachypheidole: B r o w n , 1973b: 1 7 8 -
185. Confirmation of these s y n o n y m s : Smith, D.R.
1 9 7 9 : 1 3 6 5 . Pheidole senior s y n o n y m of Anergatides
a n d Bruchomyrma: Wilson, 1984: 327. Pheidole
senior s y n o n y m of Xenoaphaenogaster: Bolton, 1987:
2 9 1 . Pheidole senior s y n o n y m of Phidola: Bolton,
1 9 9 4 : 1 0 6 . Key to N o r t h American s p e d e s : Gregg,
1959:9.
PHEIDOLOGETON (Myrmicinae: Pheidologetonini)
Pheidologeton Mayr, 1862: 7 5 0 . Type-spedes: Oecodoma
diversa, b y s u b s e q u e n t designation of Bingham,
1 9 0 3 : 1 6 0 . Pheidologeton senior s y n o n y m of
Phidologeton:Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 8 8 0 .
Pheidologeton senior s y n o n y m of Amauromyrmex a n d
Idrisella, a n d review of genus: Ettershank, 1966: 115.
PHIDOLA (junior s y n o n y m of Pheidole)
Phidola Schulz, 1 9 0 6 : 1 5 5 , unjustified e m e n d a t i o n of
Pheidole. Phidola j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pheidole: Bolton,
1994:106.
PHIDOLE (junior s y n o n y m of Pheidole)
Phidole Bingham, 1 9 0 3 : 2 2 0 , unjustified e m e n d a t i o n
of Pheidole. Phidole j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pheidole:
Wheeler, 1922a: 806.
PHIDOLOGETON (junior s y n o n y m of Pheidologeton)
PhidologetonBingnam, 1 9 0 3 : 1 6 0 , unjustified e m e n d a ­
tion of Pheidologeton. Phidologeton j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Pheidologeton: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 880.
PHILIDRIS (Dolichoderinae)
Philidris Shattuck, 1992a: 17. Type-spedes: Formica
cordata, by original designation. Review of g e n u s :
Shattuck, 1992c: 140.
PHRYNOPONERA (Ponerinae: Ponerini)
Phrynoponera Wheeler, W.M. 1920: 5 3 . Type-spedes:
Bothroponeragabonensis, by original designation.
Revision of g e n u s : Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 75 (out of
date). Phrynoponera provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Pachycondyla: B r o w n , 1973b: 183 (unconfirmed).
Phrynoponera valid g e n u s : h e r e noted.
PHYRACACES (junior s y n o n y m of Cerapachys)
Phyracaces Emery, 1902c: 2 3 . Type-spedes: Cerapachys
mayri, by original designation. Phyracaces provisional
j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Cerapachys: B r o w n , 1973b: 183.
Phyracaces j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Cerapachys: Brown,
1975: 19.
PHYSATTA (junior s y n o n y m of Heptacondylus)
Physatta Smith, F. 1857a: 7 7 . Type-spedes: Physatta
dromedarius (junior s y n o n y m of Myrmicaria car-
inata), by m o n o t y p y . Physatta j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Heptacondylus:Mayr, 1 8 6 2 : 7 5 5 ( i n t e x t ) .
[Heptacondylus j u n i o r s y n o n y m oi Myrmicaria:
Smith, F. 1865:73.]
itPHYSOCREMA (subgenus of Crematogaster)
Physocrema Forel, 1912f: 2 2 0 [as subgenus of
Crematogaster}. Type-spedes: Crematogaster inflata, by
subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1913a:
82. Physocrema raised to g e n u s : Soulie, 1964: 398.
Physocrema provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Crematogaster: B r o w n , 1973b: 183. Physocrema h e r e
reverts to subgenus of Crematogaster.
PILOTROCHUS (Myrrmcinae: P h a l a a o m y r m e c i n i )
Pilotrochus B r o w n , 1978a: 2 1 8 . Type-spedes:
Pilotrochus besmerus, by original designation. Review
of genus: Bolton, 1984: 380.
*PITYOMYRMEX (Dolichoderinae)
*PityomyrmexWheeler, W.M. 1915h: 9 8 . Type-spedes:
*Pityomyrmex tornquisti, by m o n o t y p y .
PLAGIOLEPIS (Formicinae: Plagiolepidini)
Plagiolepis Mayr, 1 8 6 1 : 4 2 . Type-spedes: Formica
pygmaea, by m o n o t y p y . Plagiolepis provisional senior
s y n o n y m of Anacantholepis, Aporomyrmex a n d
Paraplagiolepis: Brown, 1973b: 178, 183. S y n o n y m y
of Aporomyrmex a n d Paraplagiolepis confirmed Bol­
ton, 1994: 5 1 ; s y n o n y m y of Anacantholepis remains
unconfirmed.
PLANIMYRMA (junior s y n o n y m of Aphaenogaster)
Planimyrma Viehmeyer, 1914d: 604 [as subgenus of
Aphaenogaster]. Type-spedes: Stenamma
(Ischnomyrmex) loriai, by original designation.
 Planimyrma provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Aphaenogaster: B r o w n , 1973b: 184. Planimyrma
j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Aphaenogaster: Bolton, 1982: 364.
PLATYSTRUMA (junior s y n o n y m of Smithistruma)
Platystruma B r o w n , 1953g: 112 [as subgenus of
Smithistruma]. Type-species: Strumigenys (Cephaloxys)
depressiceps, by original designation. Platystruma
j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Smithistruma: Brown, 1973a: 35.
PLATYTHYREA (Ponerinae: Platytbyreini)
Platythyrea Roger, 1863a: 172. Type-species:
Pachycondyla punctata, by s u b s e q u e n t designation of
Bingham, 1 9 0 3 : 7 3 . Platythyrea senior s y n o n y m of
Eubothroponera, a n d revision of g e n u s : Brown,
1975:6.
PLECTROCTENA (Ponerinae: Ponerini)
Plectroctena Smith, F. 1858b: 1 0 1 . Type-species:
Plectroctena mandibularis, by m o n o t y p y . Plectroctena
senior s y n o n y m of Cacopone: Bolton, 1974c: 3 1 3 .
Revisions of g e n u s : Santschi, 1924a: 155 (out of
date); Bolton, 1974c: 309.
PODOMYRMA (Myrmicinae: Formicoxenini)
Podomyrma Smith, F. 1859a: 145. Type-species:
Podomyrma femorata, by s u b s e q u e n t designation of
Wheeler, W.M. 191 If: 170. Podomyrma senior syn­
o n y m of *Acrostigma: Dalla Torre, 1893: 59.
Podomyrma senior s y n o n y m of Dacryon a n d
Pseudopodomyrma: Taylor & B r o w n , D.R. 1985: 80.
POECILOMYRMA (Myrmicinae: Formicoxenini)
Poecilomyrma M a n n , 1 9 2 1 : 4 4 5 . Type-species:
Poecilomyrma senirewae, by original designation.
POGONOMYRMEX (Myrmicinae: Myrrnicini)
Pogonomyrmex Mayr, 1868b: 169. Type-species: Formica
badia, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M.
1 9 1 1 f : 1 7 0 . Pogonomyrmex senior s y n o n y m of
Ephebomyrmex a n d Forelomyrmex (and t h e j u n i o r
h o m o n y m Janetia Forel): Bolton, 1 9 9 4 : 1 0 6 . Keys to
species: Gallardo, 1932b: 95 and Kusnezov, 1951a:
2 5 4 (Argentina); Cole, 1968: 38 (North America);
Snelling & H u n t , 1976: 72 (Chile); MacKay, W.P.,
MacKay, E.E., Dominguez, J.F.P., etal, 1985: 39
(Mexico); Shattuck, 1987: 175 (ocddentalis-com-
plex); see also Holldobler, 1976: 3; Taber, 1990: 307.
POLYERGVS (Forrnicinae: Formicini)
Polyergus Latreille, 1 8 0 4 : 1 7 9 . Type-species: Formica
rufescens, b y m o n o t y p y . Revision of N o r t h American
species: Smith, M.R. 1947g: 150; Wheeler, J. 1968:
156; see also Creighton, 1950a: 552; Agosti, 1994a:
109.
POLYHOMOA (junior s y n o n y m of Kyidris)
Polyhomoa A z u m a , 1950: 36. Type-species: Polyhomoa
itoi (junior s y n o n y m of Kyidris mutica), by
m o n o t y p y . Polyhomoa j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Kyidris:
Creighton, 1950b: 9 3 ; see also B r o w n & Yasumatsu,
1951:93.
POLYRHACHIS (Formicinae: Camponotini)
Polyrhachis Smith, F. 1857a: 58. Type-species: Formica
bihamata, by original designation. [Polyrhachis
Shuckard, in Swainson & Shuckard, 1840: 172,
nomen nudum.} Polyrhachis subgenus oi Myrma:
Wheeler, W.M. 191 If: 8 6 0 . Myrma subgenus of Poly-
rhachis: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 993 (see u n d e r
Myrma). Subgenera of Polyrhachis (alphabetical
order w i t h s y n o n y m s indicated): n o m i n a l plus
Anoplomyrma, Aulacomyrma, Campomyrma,
Cephalomyrma (junior s y n o n y m of Myrmhopla),
Chariomyrma, Cyrtomyrma, Dolichorhachis, Evelyna
(junior s y n o n y m oi Myrmothrinax), Florencea (junior
s y n o n y m oi Myrmhopla), Hagiomyrma, Hedomyrma,
Hemioptica, Hoplomyrmus (junior s y n o n y m of
Myrma), Irenea (junior s y n o n y m oi Myrmatopa),
Johnia (junior s y n o n y m of Aulacomyrma), Morleyidris
(junior s y n o n y m of Hedomyrma), Myrma,
Myrmatopa, Myrmhopla, Myrmothrinax,
Pseudocyrtomyrma (junior s y n o n y m of Myrma). Revi­
sion of subgenera: H u n g , 1967b: 3 9 5 . All subgenera
given as provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m s of Polyrhachis:
B r o w n , 1973b: 1 7 8 - 1 8 4 (unconfirmed); see u n d e r
individual entries. The entry of Chariomyrma,
Hagiomyrma, a n d Hedomyrma u n d e r t h e s y n o n y m y
of Polyrhachis by Taylor & B r o w n , D.R. 1985: 131, is
n o t considered as confirmation as t h e t h r e e sub­
genera all range outside t h e Australasian Region.
Key to Afrotropical species: Bolton, 1973b: 2 8 9 .
[Polyrachis Arnold, 1924: 7 4 1 , incorrect s u b s e q u e n t
spelling.]
PONERA (Ponerinae: Ponerini)
Ponera Latreille, 1804: 179. Type-species: Formica
coarctata, by s u b s e q u e n t designation of Westwood,
1840a: 8 3 (see discussion i n Taylor, 1967a: 6). Pon­
era senior s y n o n y m of Pseudocryptopone a n d
Selenopone: Wilson, 1957b: 356. Revision of genus:
Taylor, 1967a: 1. Ponera senior s y n o n y m of
Pteroponera: B r o w n , in preparation.
PONERACANTHA (junior s y n o n y m of Gnamptogenys)
Poneracantha Emery, 1897d: 547 [as subgenus of
Ectatomma]. Type-specis: Ectatomma (Holcoponera)
bispinosum, by original designation. Poneracantha
j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Gnamptogenys: B r o w n , 1958g:
211.
*PONERITES (Ponerinae: Ponerini)
*PoneritesDIussky, 1981b: 67 [collective g r o u p n a m e ] .
*PONEROPSIS (Ponerinae: Ponerini)
*Poneropsis Heer, 1 8 6 7 : 1 9 . Type-species: *Ponera
fuliginosa, b y s u b s e q u e n t designation of Wheeler,
W.M. 191 If: 1 7 1 .
*PONEROPTERUS (*Armaniinae)
*Poneropterus DIussky, 1983: 7 3 . Type-species: *Pon-
eropterus sphecoides, by original designation. *Pon-
eropterus j u n i o r s y n o n y m of *Sphecomyrma: Wilson,
1 9 8 7 : 4 9 ; Holldobler & Wilson, 1990: 9. *Pon-
eropterus revived from s y n o n y m y : DIussky &
Fedoseeva, 1987: 77; Carpenter, 1 9 9 2 : 4 9 4 .
PRENOLEPIS (Formicinae: Lasiini)
Prenolepis Mayr, 1 8 6 1 : 52. Type-species: Tapinoma
nitens, b y s u b s e q u e n t designation of Bingham,
1903:325.
PRIONOGENYS (junior s y n o n y m of Leptogenys)
Prionogenys Emery, 1895g: 3 4 8 . Type-species:
Prionogenys podenzanai, b y m o n o t y p y . Prionogenys
j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Leptogenys: Taylor, 1988: 3 3 .
*PRIONOMYRMEX (Myrmeciinae: * P r i o n o m y r m e d n i )
*Prionomyrmex Mayr, 1868c: 7 7 . Type-species:
*Prionomyrmex longiceps, by monotypy.
PRIONOPELTA (Ponerinae: Amblyoponini)
Prionopelta Mayr, 1866a: 5 0 3 . Type-species: Prionopelta
punctulata, by m o n o t y p y . Prionopelta senior syn­
o n y m of Examblyopone: B r o w n , 1 9 5 1 : 1 0 2 .
Prionopelta senior s y n o n y m of Renea: B r o w n , 1953c:
1 1 . Revision of genus: B r o w n , 1960a: 173.
PRISTOMYRMECIA (junior s y n o n y m of Promyrmeda)
Pristomyrmeda Emery, 191 I d : 21 [as subgenus of
Myrmecia]. Type-species: Myrmeda mandibularis, by
original designation. Pristomyrmeda junior s y n o n y m
of Promyrmeda: Clark, 1 9 5 1 : 119. [Promyrmeda
j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Myrmecia: B r o w n , 1953j: 1.]
PRISTOMYRMEX (Myrmicinae: Myrmecinmi)
Pristomyrmex Mayr, 1866b: 9 0 3 . Type-species:
Pristomyrmex pungens, by m o n o t y p y . Pristomyrmex
senior s y n o n y m of Odontomyrmex: M a n n , 1919: 3 4 1 .
Pristomyrmex senior s y n o n y m of Hylidris: B r o w n ,
1953c: 9. Pristomyrmex senior s y n o n y m of Dodous:
B r o w n , 1971a: 3. Revision of Australasian species:
Taylor, 1965b: 35; Taylor, 1968c: 63; of Afrotropical
species: Bolton, 1981b: 282.
PROATTA (Myrmicinae: Stenammini)
Proatta Forel, 1912m: 7 6 8 . Type-species: Proatta butteli,
b y m o n o t y p y . [Proatta also described as n e w by
Forel, 1913k: 84.] [Proatta as senior s y n o n y m of
Asemorhoptrum a n d Theryella: Snelling, 1 9 8 1 : 3 9 5 , i n
error; these n a m e s properly attributable to synon­
y m y of Stenamma, see there.]
PROBOLOMYRMEX (Ponerinae: Platythyreini)
Probolomyrmex Mayr, 1901b: 2. Type-species: Pro­
bolomyrmex filiformis, by m o n o t y p y . Probolomyrmex
senior s y n o n y m of Escherichia, a n d revision of
g e n u s : Taylor, 1965d: 346; see also B r o w n , 1 9 7 5 : 1 1 .
*PROCERAPACHYS (junior s y n o n y m of Cerapachys)
*Procerapachys Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 2 7 . Type-species:
*Procerapachys annosus, by original designation. *Pro-
cerapachys j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Cerapachys: B r o w n ,
1975: 19.
PROCERATIUM (Ponerinae: Proceratiini)
Proceratium Roger, 1863a: 1 7 1 . Type-species: Procerat­
ium silaceum, by m o n o t y p y . Proceratium senior syn­
o n y m of Sysphingta: B r o w n , in Borgmeier, 1957:
118. Revision of g e n u s : B r o w n , 1958g: 2 4 1 . Keys to
N e w World species: Snelling, 1 9 6 7 : 8 ; B r o w n ,
1980b: 342; Ward, 1 9 8 8 : 1 1 6 ; to Afrotropical spe­
cies: Terron, 1 9 8 1 : 1 0 2 . See also: Lattke, 1994: 113.
PROCRYPTOCERUS (Myrmicinae: Cephalotini)
ProcryptocerusEmery, 1887b: 4 7 0 (footnote). Type-spe­
cies: Meranoplus striatus, by s u b s e q u e n t designation
of Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 1 7 1 . Revision of g e n u s :
Kempf, 1 9 5 1 : 15.
PRODICROASPIS (junior s y n o n y m of Lordomyrma)
Prodicroaspis Emery, 1914f: 4 1 4 . Type-species: Pro-
dicroaspis sarasini, by m o n o t y p y . Prodicroaspis j u n i o r
s y n o n y m of Lordomyrma: Bolton, 1994: 106.
'PRODIMORPHOMYRMEX (Formicinae:
Gesomyrmedni)
*ProdimorphomyrmexWheeler, W.M. 1915h: 111.Type-
species: *Prodimorphomyrmexprimigenius, by
monotypy.
PRODISCOTHYREA (junior s y n o n y m oi Discothyrea)
Prodiscothyrea Wheeler, W.M. 1916i: 3 3 . Type-species:
Prodiscothyrea velutina, by m o n o t y p y . Prodiscothyrea
j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Discothyrea: Brown, 1958g: 2 4 8 .
PROFORMICA (Formicinae: Formicini)
Proformica Ruzsky, 1902d: 13 [as subgenus of Formica].
Type-species: Formica nasuta, by m o n o t y p y . [Pro-
formica also described as n e w by Ruzsky, 1903b:
303.] Proformica raised to genus: Bondroit, 1 9 1 8 : 4 0 .
Key to species of former U.S.S.R. a n d contiguous
countries: DIussky, 1969a: 2 3 1 . See also: Agosti,
1994a: 112.
Genus-Group Taxa 43
 PROLASIUS (Fonnicinae: Melophorini)
Prolasius Forel, 1892c: 331 [as subgenus of Lasius].
Type-species: Formica advena, by monotypy. Prolasius
subgenus of Melophorus: Forel, 1917: 2 4 8 . Prolasius
raised to genus: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 6 9 5 . Key to
species: McAreavey, 1947: 9.
PROMERANOPLUS (junior s y n o n y m of Lordomyrma)
Promeranoplus Emery, 1914f: 4 1 2 . Type-species: Pro­
meranoplus rouxi, b y m o n o t y p y . Promeranoplus j u n i o r
s y n o n y m of Lordomyrma: Bolton, 1994: 106.
PROMYOPIAS (junior s y n o n y m of Centromyrmex)
Promyopias Santschi, 1914d: 323 [as subgenus of Myo­
pias]. Type-species: Myopias (Promyopias) silvestrii, by
monotypy. Promyopias raised to g e n u s : Emery,
1915g: 26. Promyopias subgenus of Pseudoponera:
Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 6 4 9 . Promyopias provisional
j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Centromyrmex: B r o w n , 1973b:
184; confirmed Bolton, 1994: 164.
PROMYRMA (junior s y n o n y m of Liomyrmex)
Promyrma Forel, 1912m: 7 6 4 . Type-species: Promyrma
butteli, by m o n o t y p y . Promyrma j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Liomyrmex: Forel, 1913k: 26; Emery, 1921f: 191.
PROMYRMECIA (junior s y n o n y m oi Myrmecia)
Promyrmeda Emery, 191 Id: 19 [as subgenus of
Myrmeda]. Type-species: Myrmecia aberrans, by origi­
nal designation. Promyrmeda senior s y n o n y m of
Halmamyrmecia a n d Pristomyrmeda: Clark, 1927: 37;
Clark, 1 9 4 3 : 8 4 . Promyrmeda raised to genus, a n d
revision of g e n u s : Clark, 1943: 84. [Promyrmeda
j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Myrmeda: B r o w n , 1953j: 1.]
*PROMYRMJCIUM (Myrmicinae: unplaced to tribe)
*Promyrmitium Baroni Urbani, 1971b: 362. Replace­
m e n t n a m e for *Myrmidum Heer, 1870: 7 8 . [Junior
h o m o n y m of *Myrmidum Westwood, 1854: 396.]
*PROPODOMYRMA (junior s y n o n y m of Vollenhovia)
*Propodomyrma Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 163. Type-spe­
cies: *Propodomyrma samlandica (junior s y n o n y m of
*Vollenhovia beyrichi), by m o n o t y p y . [*Propodomyrma
Wheeler, W.M. 1908g: 4 1 3 , nomen nudum.] *Pro-
podomyrma j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Vollenhovia: Wheeler,
W M . 1915h: 5 1 .
PROSCOPOMYRMEX (junior s y n o n y m of Strumigenys)
Proscopomyrmex Patrizi, 1 9 4 6 : 2 9 4 . Type-species: Pro-
scopomyrmex londianensis, by m o n o t y p y . Pro­
scopomyrmex j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Strumigenys: B r o w n ,
1949d: 15.
PROSOPWRIS (junior s y n o n y m of Cardiocondyla)
Prosopidris Wheeler, W.M. 1935b: 40 [as subgenus of
Cardiocondyla}. Type-species: Cardiocondyla (Pro­
sopidris) sima, by original designation. Prosopidris
raised to genus: Reiskind, 1965: 80. Prosopidris provi­
sional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Cardiocondyla: B r o w n ,
1973b: 184. Prosopidris j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Car-
diocondyla: Hohon, 1982: 309.
PROTALARIDRIS (Myrmicinae: Basicerotini)
Protalaridris B r o w n , 1980a: 36. Type-species: Pro-
talaridris armata, by original designation.
PROTAMBLYOPONE (junior s y n o n y m oi Amblyopone)
Protamblyopone Wheeler, W.M. 1927c: 1 [as s u b g e n u s
of Amblyopone]. Type-species: Amblyopone (Pro­
tamblyopone) aberrans, by monotypy. Protamblyopone
j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Amblyopone: B r o w n , 1949c: 8 7 .
*PROTAMBLYOPONE (junior h o m o n y m , see *Casaleia)
* Protamblyopone DIussky, 1981b: 6 5 . Type-species: *Pro-
tamblyopone inversa, by original designation. [Junior
44 Genus-Group Taxa
h o m o n y m of Protamblyopone Wheeler, above.]
*Casaleia Pagliano 8- Scaramozzino, 1990: 5, replace­
m e n t n a m e for *Protamblyopone DIussky.
*PROTANEURETUS (Aneuretinae)
*Protaneuretus'Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 7 1 . Type-species:
*Protaneuretus sucdneus, by m o n o t y p y . [*Pro-
taneuretus Wheeler, W.M. 1908g: 4 1 3 ; Wheeler,
W.M. 1910g: 148; Emery, 1912g: 2, nominanuda.]
PROTANILLA (Leptanillinae: A n o m a l o m y r m i n i )
Protanilla Taylor, in Bolton, 1990b: 2 7 9 . Type-species:
Protanilla rafflesi, by original designation.
*PROTAZTECA (Dolichoderinae)
*Protazteca Carpenter, 1 9 3 0 : 4 1 . Type-species: *Pro-
tazteca elongata, by original designation.
PROTHOLCOMYRMEX (junior s y n o n y m of Chelaner)
Protholcomyrmex Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 162 [as subge­
n u s oi Monomorium]. Type-species: Monomorium
rothsteini, by original designation. Protholcomyrmex
j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Chelaner: Ettershank, 1966: 9 3 .
[Chelaner j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Monomorium: Bolton,
1987: 287; see also discussion, p.300.]
*PROTOFORMICA (Formicinae: Formicini)
*Protoformica DIussky, 1967b: 83 [as subgenus of For­
mica]. Type-species: *Formica (Protoformica) pro-
formicoides, by original designation. *Protoformica
raised to g e n u s : DIussky & Fedoseeva, 1987: 7 7 .
PROTOMOGNATHUS (Myrmicinae: Formicoxenini)
Protomognathus Wheeler, W.M. 1905a: 3 [as subgenus
of Tomognathus]. Type-species: Tomognathusamer-
icanus, by m o n o t y p y . Protomognathus j u n i o r syn­
o n y m of Harpagoxenus: Emery, 1 9 2 2 f : 2 6 5 .
Protomognathus revived from s y n o n y m y a n d raised
to genus: Holldobler & Wilson, 1990: 6 5 .
*PROTOPOI>fE (Ponerinae: Ponerini)
*Protopone DIussky, 1988: 52. Type-species: *Protopone
primigena, by original designation.
*PROTRECHINA (Formicinae: Lasiini)
*Protrechina Wilson, 1985d: 2 1 1 . Type-spedes: *Pro-
trechina carpenteri, by original designation.
PSALIDOMYRMEX (Ponerinae: Ponerini)
Psalidomyrmex Andre, 1890: 3 1 3 . Type-spedes:
Psalidomyrmexfoveolatus, by m o n o t y p y . Revision of
genus: Bolton, 1975b: 1.
PSAMMOMYRMA (junior s y n o n y m of Dorymyrmex)
Psammomyrma Forel, 1912h: 4 3 [as subgenus of
Dorymyrmex]. Type-spedes: Dorymyrmex planidens, by
s u b s e q u e n t designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1913a:
82. Psammomyrma j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Dorymyrmex:
Forel, 1913b: 350; Snelling & Hunt, 1976: 9 3 .
PSEUDACANTHOLEPIS (unavailable n a m e )
Pseudacantholepis Bernard, 1953b: 256 (attributed to
Santschi) [as subgenus of Acantholepis]. [Without
designation of t y p e - s p e d e s ; unavailable n a m e . ]
I n d u d e d s p e d e s referable to Lepisiota.
PSEUDAPHOMOMYRMEX (Formicinae:
Brachymymiecini)
Pseudaphomomyrmex Wheeler, W.M. 1920: 5 3 . Type-
s p e d e s : Aphomomyrmex emeryi, b y original designa­
tion. Diagnosis of g e n u s : Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 695
(in key); Pseudaphomomyrmex j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Aphomomyrmex: Emery, 1925b: 4 4 .
Pseudaphomomyrmex revived from s y n o n y m y : C h a p ­
m a n &Capco, 1 9 5 1 : 2 1 4 .
*PSEUDARMANIA (*Armaniinae)
*Pseudarmania DIussky, 1983: 69. Type-spedes:
*Pseudarmania rasnitsyni, by original designation.
*Pseudarmania j u n i o r s y n o n y m of *Sphecomyrma:
Wilson, 1987: 49; Holldobler & Wilson, 1 9 9 0 : 9 .
*Pseudarmania revived from s y n o n y m y : DIussky &
Fedoseeva, 1987: 77; Carpenter, 1 9 9 2 : 4 9 4 [mis­
spelled as *Pseudoarmania].
PSEUDOATTA (Myrrmcinae: Attini)
Pseudoatta Gallardo, 1916d: 320. Type-spedes:
Pseudoatta argentina, by m o n o t y p y . Pseudoatta provi­
sional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Acromyrmex: B r o w n ,
1973b: 184 (unconfirmed).
*PSEUDOCAMPONOTUS (Formicinae: Camponotini)
*Pseudocamponotus Carpenter, 1930: 22. Type-spedes:
*Pseudocamponotus elkoanus, by original designation.
#PSEUDOCOLOBOPSIS (subgenus of Camponotus)
Pseudocolobopsis Emery, 1920b: 249 [as subgenus of
Camponotus}. Type-spedes: Camponotusmacrocepha-
lus, by original designation. Pseudocolobopsis provi­
sional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Camponotus: B r o w n ,
1973b: 184 (unconfirmed).
PSEUDOCRYPTOPONE (junior s y n o n y m of Ponera)
PseudocryptoponeWheeler, W.M. 1933g: ^ . T y p e - s p e ­
d e s : Cryptopone tenuis, by original designation.
Pseudocryptopone j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Ponera: Wilson,
1957b: 356.
PSEUDOCYRTOMYRMA (junior s y n o n y m of Myrma)
Pseudocyrtomyrma Emery, 1921e: 18 [as subgenus of
Polyrhachis]. Type-spedes: Polyrhachis revoili, by orig­
inal designation. Pseudocyrtomyrma j u n i o r s y n o n y m
of Myrma: Bolton, 1973b: 2 8 8 .
PSEVDODICHTHADIA (junior s y n o n y m of Labidus)
Pseudodichthadia Andre, 1 8 8 5 : 8 3 8 . Type-spedes:
Pseudodichthadia incerta (junior s y n o n y m of Labidus
coecus), by m o n o t y p y . Pseudodichthadia j u n i o r syn­
o n y m of Baton: Andre, in Forel, 1899c: 160 (foot­
n o t e ) . Pseudodichthadia j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Labidus:
Emery, 1910b: 2 1 .
PSEUDOLASIUS (Formicinae: Lasiini)
Pseudolasius Emery, 1887a: 2 4 4 . Type-spedes: Formica
familiaris, by s u b s e q u e n t designation of Bingham,
1903: 337. Pseudolasius senior s y n o n y m of
Nesolasius: Bolton, 1994: 50. Key to Afrotropical spe­
d e s : Menozzi, 1924b: 226 (out of date).
PSEUDOMYRMA (junior s y n o n y m of Pseudomyrmex)
Pseudomyrma Guerin-Meneville, 1844a: 4 2 7 [as subge­
n u s of Formica]. Type-spedes: Pseudomyrma bicolor,
by m o n o t y p y . Pseudomyrma senior s y n o n y m of
Leptalea a n d Myrmex: Smith, F. 1858b: 153.
Pseudomyrma j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pseudomyrmex:
Smith, M.R. 1952a: 9 8 .
PSEUDOMYRMEX (Pseudomyrmecinae)
Pseudomyrmex Lund, 1831b: 106. Type-spedes: Formica
gradlis, by s u b s e q u e n t designation of Smith, M.R.
1952a: 9 8 . Pseudomyrmex senior s y n o n y m of
Pseudomyrma (and its j u n i o r s y n o n y m s Leptalea a n d
Myrmex): Smith, M.R. 1952a: 9 8 . Pseudomyrmex
senior s y n o n y m of Apedunculata, Clavanoda,
Latinoda, Ornatinoda, a n d Triangulinoda: Ward, 1990:
4 6 9 . Keys to s p e d e s : Kempf, 1961a: 373 (gradlis-
group); Ward, 1985b: 215 (Nearctic species); Ward,
1989: 4 0 7 (oculatus-group); Ward, 1989: 4 3 0 (sub-
tilissimus-group); Ward, 1 9 9 2 : 7 6 (*Dorninican
A m b e r fauna); Ward, 1993: 117 (Acaa'a-assodated
taxa). Revision of genus: Ward, 1 9 9 0 : 4 6 9 .
PSEUDONEOPONERA (junior s y n o n y m of
Bothroponera)
Pseudoneoponera Donisthorpe, 1943d: 4 3 9 . Type-spe­
d e s : Pseudoneoponera verecundae, b y original designa­
tion. Pseudoneoponera j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Bothroponera: Wilson, 1958d: 3 6 1 . [Bothroponera
j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pachycondyla: B r o w n , in prepara­
tion.]
PSEUDONOTONCUS ( F o r m i d n a e : Melophorini)
Pseudonotoncus Clark, 1934c: 64. Type-spedes:
Pseudonotoncus hirsutus, b y original designation.
PSEUDOPODOMYRMA (junior s y n o n y m of Podomyrma)
Pseudopodomyrma Crawley, 1925a: 4 0 . Type-spedes:
Pseudopodomyrma clarki, b y m o n o t y p y .
Pseudopodomyrma provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Podomyrma: B r o w n , 1973b: 184. Pseudopodomyrma
j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Podomyrma: Taylor & B r o w n ,
D.R. 1985: 80 (accepted as confirmation).
PSEUDOPONERA (junior s y n o n y m of Pachycondyla)
Pseudoponera Emery, 1900c: 3 1 4 [as subgenus of
Pachycondyla]. Type-spedes: Ponera quadridentata
(junior s y n o n y m of Pachycondyla stigma), b y
m o n o t y p y . [Pseudoponera also described as n e w b y
Emery, 1901a: 4 2 . Type-spedes n o t Ponera amblyops,
unjustified s u b s e q u e n t designation b y Emery,
1901a: 42.] Pseudoponera subgenus of Euponera:
Forel, 1901c: 1 4 1 . Pseudoponera raised to g e n u s :
Bingham, 1903: 9 1 ; m a i n t a i n e d as g e n u s : Emery,
1911d: 86; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 6 4 9 . Pseudoponera
provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pachycondyla: B r o w n ,
1973b: 184. Pseudoponera senior s y n o n y m of
Trachymesopus (because of s y n o n y m o u s type-spe­
d e s ) : n e w s y n o n y m y . Pseudoponera j u n i o r syn­
o n y m of Pachycondyla: B r o w n , i n preparation.
PSEUDOSTIGMACROS (junior s y n o n y m of Stigmacros)
Pseudostigmacros McAreavey, 1 9 5 7 : 2 4 [as subgenus of
Stigmacros]. Type-spedes: Stigmacros
(Pseudostigmacros) inermis, b y original designation.
Pseudostigmacros provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Stigmacros: B r o w n , 1973b: 184. Pseudostigmacros
j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Stigmacros: Taylor & B r o w n , D.R.
1 9 8 5 : 1 4 5 (accepted as confirmation).
PSEUDOSYSPHINCTA (junior s y n o n y m of Discothyrea)
Pseudosysphincta Arnold, 1 9 1 6 : 1 6 1 . Type-spedes:
Pseudosysphinctapoweri, b y original designation.
Pseudosysphincta j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Discothyrea:
B r o w n , 1958g: 2 4 8 . [PseudosphinctaYi'heeler, W.M.
1922a: 645, i n c o r r e d s u b s e q u e n t spelling.]
PTEROPONERA (junior s y n o n y m of Ponera)
PteroponeraBemard, 1950a: 3. Type-spedes:
Pteroponera sysphinctoides, b y m o n o t y p y . Pteroponera
provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Ponera: B r o w n ,
1973b: 184. Pteroponera j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Ponera:
B r o w n , in preparation.
PYRAMICA (junior s y n o n y m of Strumigenys)
Pyramica Roger, 1862a: 2 5 1 . Type-spedes: Pyramica
gundlachi, b y m o n o t y p y . Pyramica j u n i o r s y n o n y m
of Strumigenys: Roger, 1863b: 40; Dalla Torre, 1 8 9 3 :
145; Bingham, 1903: 147. Pyramica revived from
s y n o n y m y as subgenus of Strumigenys: B r o w n ,
1948e: 110. Pyramica j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Strumigenys:Brovm & Wilson, 1959b: 2 8 1 ; B r o w n ,
1960b: 37.
QUADRISTRUMA (Myrmicinae: Dacetini)
Quadristruma B r o w n , 1949b: 4 7 . Type-spedes: Epitritus
emmae, b y original designation. Review of genus:
Bolton, 1 9 8 3 : 4 0 0 . [See n o t e u n d e r Strumigenys.]
RAPTIFORMICA (junior s y n o n y m of Formica)
Raptiformica Forel, 1913i: 361 [as subgenus oi For­
mica]. Type-spedes: Formica sanguinea, b y original
designation. Raptiformica j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Formica:
Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 699 (footnote); Smith, D.R.
1979: 1448; Agosti, 1994a: 107.
RECURVIDRIS (Myrrmcinae: Pheidologetonini)
Recurvidris Bolton, 1992: 36. Replacement n a m e for
Trigonogaster Forel, 1890b: cviii. [Junior h o m o n y m
of Trigonogaster Guerin-Meneville, 1844b: 1149.]
Review of g e n u s (as Trigonogaster): Ettershank,
1966: 158. Revision of g e n u s : Bolton, 1992: 3 5 .
RENEA (junior s y n o n y m of Prionopelta)
Renea Donisthorpe, 1947d: 183. Type-spedes: Renea
testacea (junior s y n o n y m of Prionopelta majuscula), b y
original designation. Renea j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Prionopelta: B r o w n , 1953c: 1 1 .
#RHACHIOCREMA (subgenus of Crematogaster)
Rhachiocrema M a n n , 1919: 318 [as subgenus of
Crematogaster}. Type-spedes: Crematogaster
(Rhachiocrema) wheeleri, b y original designation.
Rhachiocrema raised to g e n u s : Soulie, 1964: 3 9 8 .
Rhachiocrema provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Crematogaster:Brown, 1973b: 184 (unconfirmed).
Rhachiocrema h e r e reverts to subgenus of Crematogas­
ter. K e y to s p e d e s : Creighton, 1 9 4 5 : 1 0 9 .
#RFnNOMYRMEX (subgenus of Camponotus)
RhinomyrmexToxei, 1886f: 192. Type-spedes:
Rhinomyrmex klaesii, b y m o n o t y p y . Rhinomyrmex s u b ­
genus of Camponotus: Emery, 1896d: 3 7 4 .
Rhinomyrmex provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Camponotus:Brown, 1973b: 1 8 4 (unconfirmed).
#RHIZOMYRMA (subgenus of Acropyga)
Rhizomyrma Forel, 1893g: 3 4 7 [as subgenus of
Acropyga]. Type-spedes: Acropyga (Rhizomyrma)
goeldii, b y s u b s e q u e n t designation of Wheeler, W.M.
191 If: 172. Rhizomyrma raised t o g e n u s : Emery,
1906c: 182; m a i n t a i n e d as g e n u s : Forel, 1912i: 8 9 ;
Forel, 1917: 2 4 9 . Rhizomyrma subgenus oi Acropyga:
Emery, 1925b: 2 9 . Rhizomyrma provisional j u n i o r
s y n o n y m of Acropyga: B r o w n , 1973b: 184
(unconfirmed). K e y t o s p e d e s : Weber, 1944: 9 1 .
#RHOGMUS (subgenus of Dorylus)
Rhogmus Shuckard, 1840c: 3 2 3 . Type-spedes: Rhogmus
ftmhriatus, b y original designation. Rhogmus subge­
n u s of Dorylus: Emery, 1895j: 7 0 2 . Rhogmus provi­
sional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Dorylus: B r o w n , 1973b:
184 (unconfirmed).
RHOPALOMASTIX (Myrmicinae: Melissotarsini)
RhopalomastixForel, 1900a: 2 4 . Type-spedes:
Rhopalomastixrothneyi, b y m o n o t y p y . Review of
g e n u s : Wheeler, W.M. 1929d: 9 5 .
*RHOPALOMYRMEX ( F o r m i d n a e : Plagiolepidini)
*Rhopalomyrmex Mayr, 1868c: 4 1 . Type-spedes:
*Rhopalomyrmexpygmaeus, b y m o n o t y p y .
RHOPALOPONE (junior s y n o n y m of Gnamptogenys)
Rhopalopone Emery, 1897d: 549. Type-spedes:
Rhopalopone epinotalis, b y m o n o t y p y . Rhopalopone
senior s y n o n y m of Mictoponera: Emery, 191 I d : 3 4 .
Rhopalopone j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Gnamptogenys:
Brown, 1958g:211.
RHOPALOTHRIX (Myrmicinae: Basicerotini)
Rhopalothrix Mayr, 1870a: 4 1 5 . Type-spedes:
Rhopalothrix ciliata, b y s u b s e q u e n t designation of
Wheeler, W.M. 191 If: 172. Rhopalothrix senior syn­
o n y m of Acanthidris a n d Heptastruma, a n d revision
of genus: B r o w n & Kempf, 1960: 2 3 0 .
RHOPTROMYRMEX (Myrmicinae: Tetramoriini)
Rhoptromyrmex Mayr, 1901b: 18. Type-spedes:
Rhoptromyrmexglohinodis, b y s u b s e q u e n t designation
of Wheeler, W.M. 191 If: 172. Rhoptromyrmex senior
s y n o n y m of Acidomyrmex: B r o w n , 1964c: 1 1 .
Rhoptromyrmex senior s y n o n y m of Ireneella: Bolton,
1 9 7 6 : 2 9 8 . Rhoptromyrmex senior s y n o n y m of
Hagioxenus-.BoWorr, 1986a: 2. Revisions of g e n u s :
B r o w n , 1964c: 1 1 ; Bolton, 1976: 2 9 8 ; Bolton,
1986a: 1.
RHYTIDOPONERA (Ponerinae: E d a t o m m i n i )
Rhytidoponera Mayr, 1862: 731 [as subgenus of
Ectatomma]. Type-spedes: Ponera araneoides, b y sub­
s e q u e n t designation of Emery, 1911d: 37. [Type-spe­
d e s n o t Ponera metallica as designated b y Wheeler,
W.M. 1911f: 172; see Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 79.]
Rhytidoponera raised to genus: Emery, 1897d: 547;
Emery, 1911 d: 36. Rhytidoponera senior s y n o n y m of
Chalcoponera: B r o w n , 1953c: 2 . Revision of g e n u s :
B r o w n , 1958g: 2 8 8 . Keys t o s p e d e s : Clark, 1936: 16
(Australia); Wilson, 1958d: 3 0 4 (Melanesia a n d
Moluccas); Ward, 1 9 8 0 : 4 7 8 (impressa-groxrp);
Ward, 1 9 8 4 : 1 3 1 (New Caledonia).
ROGERIA (Myrmicinae: Stenamniini)
Rogeria Emery, 1894c: 188. Type-spedes: Rogeria
curvipubens, b y s u b s e q u e n t designation of Wheeler,
W.M. 191 If: 172. Rogeria senior s y n o n y m of Irogera:
Kempf, 1 9 6 5 : 1 8 5 . Key to Neotropical s p e d e s :
Kempf, 1963a: 195. Revision of genus: Kugler, C ,
in press.
ROMBLONELLA (Myrmicinae: Formicoxerrini)
Romblonella Wheeler, W.M. 1935a: 5. Type-spedes:
Romblonella grandinodis (junior s y n o n y m of
Romblonella opaca), b y original designation. Revision
of g e n u s : Smith, M.R. 1953a: 7 5 .
ROSSOMYRMEX (Formicinae: Formicini)
Rossomyrmex Arnol'di, 1928c: 2 9 9 . Type-spedes:
Rossomyrmexproformicarum, b y original designation.
See also: Agosti, 1994a: 112.
ROSTROMYRMEX (Myrmicinae: Stenammini)
Rostromyrmex Rosdszewski, 1 9 9 4 : 1 6 0 . Type-spedes:
Rostromyrmexpasohensis, b y original designation.
ROTASTRUMA (Myrmicinae: Formicoxemni)
Rotastruma Bolton, 1 9 9 1 : 8 . Type-spedes: Rotastruma
recava, b y original designation.
SANTSCHIELLA (Formicinae: Santschiellini)
Santschiella Forel, 1 9 1 6 : 4 3 4 . Type-spedes: Santschiella
kohli, b y m o n o t y p y .
SCHIZOPELTA (junior s y n o n y m of Chelaner)
SchizopeltaM.cArea.vty, 1 9 4 9 : 1 4 . Type-spedes:
Schizopeltafdlcata, b y original designation. Schizopelta
j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Chelaner: Ettershank, 1966: 9 3 .
[Chelaner j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Monomorium: Bolton,
1987: 2 8 7 .
SCROBOPHEIDOLE (junior s y n o n y m of Pheidole)
Scrobopheidole Emery, 19151:190 [as subgenus of
Pheidole}. Type-spedes: Pheidole scrobi]'era, b y
m o n o t y p y . Scrobopheidole provisional j u n i o r syn­
o n y m of Pheidole: B r o w n , 1973b: 184. Scrobopheidole
j u n i o r s y n o n y m oiPheidole: Smith, D.R. 1979: 1366.
Genus-Group Taxa 45
SCYPHODON (Leptanillinae: Leptanillini)
ScyphodonBro.es, 1925: 9 3 . T y p e - s p e d e s : Scyphodon
anomalum, by original designation. Reviews of
genus: Petersen, 1968: 5 9 1 ; Baroni Urbani, 1977c:
482.
SECOSTRUMA (Myrmicinae: Tetramoriini)
Secostruma Bolton, 1988c: 2 6 4 . Type-spedes:
Secostruma lethifera, by original designation.
SELBNOPONE (junior s y n o n y m of Ponera)
Selenopone Wheeler, W.M. 1933g: 19. Type-spedes:
Ponera selenophora, b y original designation.
Selenopone j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Ponera: Wilson,
1957b: 356.
SEMONIUS (junior s y n o n y m of Tapinoma)
Semonius Forel, 1910f: 2 1 . Type-spedes: Semonius
schultzei, by m o n o t y p y . Semonius j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Tapinoma: Shattuck, 1992c: 146.
SERICOMYRMEX (Myrmicinae: Attini)
Sericomyrmex Mayr, 1865: 8 3 . Type-spedes:
Sericomyrmex opacus, by m o n o t y p y .
SERRASTRXJMA (Myrmicinae: Dacetini)
Serrastruma B r o w n , 1948e: 107 [as subgenus of
Smithistruma]. Type-spedes: Strumigenys simoni, by
original designation. Serrastruma raised to genus:
B r o w n , 1949d: 6. Revisions of genus: B r o w n ,
1952e: 67; Bolton, 1983: 3 3 5 . [See n o t e u n d e r
Strumigenys.]
SERVIFORMICA (junior s y n o n y m of Formica)
Serviformica Forel, 1913i: 3 6 1 . Type-spedes: Formica
fusca, by original designation. Serviformica j u n i o r syn­
o n y m of Formica: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 699 (foot­
note); Francoeur, 1 9 7 3 : 34; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1448;
Agosti, 1994a: 106.
SHUCKARDIA (junior s y n o n y m of Alaopone)
Shuckardia Emery, 1895J: 703 [as subgenus of Dorylus].
Type-spedes: Dorylus atriceps, by original designa­
tion. Shuckardia j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Alaopone:
Emery, 1910b: 15.
*SICTLOMYRMEX (Fonriitinae: *SicUomynnecini)
*Sicelomyrmex Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 1 1 1 . Type-spedes:
* Gesomyrmex comiger, by original designation.
*Sidhmyrmex: B r o w n & Carpenter, 1 9 7 9 : 4 2 3 ,
justified e m e n d a t i o n of spelling.
SIFOLINIA (junior s y n o n y m of Myrmica)
Sifolinia Emery, 1 9 0 7 : 4 9 . Type-spedes: Sifolinia laurae,
by m o n o t y p y . Sifolinia senior s y n o n y m of Sym­
biomyrma: Samsinak, 1964: 156. Sifolinia j u n i o r syn­
o n y m of Myrmica: Bolton, 1988a: 3.
SIMA (junior s y n o n y m of Tetraponera)
SimaRoger, 1863a: 178.Type-spedes: Simacompressa
(junior s y n o n y m of Tetraponera allaborans), by
m o n o t y p y . [Type-spedes n o t Eciton rufonigrum,
unjustified s u b s e q u e n t designation by Emery,
1915b: 266 a n d Emery, 1921f: 22.] Sima j u n i o r syn­
o n y m of Tetraponera: Smith, F. 1877b: 6 8 ;
Donisthorpe, 1916b: 244; Ward, 1990: 4 7 0 .
SIMOPELTA (Ponerinae: Ponerini)
Simopelta Maim, 1 9 2 2 : 1 0 [as s u b g e n u s of Belonopelta].
Type-spedes: Belonopelta (Simopelta) jeckylli, by origi­
nal designation. Simopelta raised to g e n u s : Wheeler,
W.M. 1935d: 8. Simopelta j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Belonopelta: Baroni Urbani, 1975b: 2 9 6 . Simopelta
revived from s y n o n y m y : Holldobler & Wilson,
1990: 1 1 . Revision of genus: Gotwald & Brown,
1967: 2 6 1 .
46 Genus-Group Taxa
SIMOPONE (Cerapachyinae: Cerapachyini)
Simopone Forel, 1891b: 139. Type-spedes: Simopone
grandidieri, b y m o n o t y p y . Simopone subgenus of
Cerapachys: Forel, 18921:243. Simopone revived sta­
tus as g e n u s : Dalla Torre, 1 8 9 3 : 1 7 ; Emery, 191 Id:
15. Revision of g e n u s : B r o w n , 1975: 3 5 .
SMITH!STRUMA (Myrmicinae: Dacetini)
Smithistruma B r o w n , 1948e: 104. Type-spedes:
Strumigenys pulchella, by original designation. Re­
p l a c e m e n t n a m e for Cephaloxys Smith, F. 1865: 76.
[Junior h o m o n y m of Cephaloxys Signoret, 1847:
294.] Smithistruma senior s y n o n y m of Platystruma,
Weberistruma, a n d Wessonistruma:Brown, 1973a: 3 5 .
Smithistruma senior s y n o n y m of Miccostruma: Bol­
t o n , 1983: 2 7 4 . Revision of g e n u s : B r o w n , 1953g:
3 1 ; B r o w n , 1964a: 183. Keys to Neotropical s p e d e s :
B r o w n , 1953g: 112; to Nearctic s p e d e s : B r o w n ,
1953g: 96; Ward, 1988: 122; to Oriental s p e d e s :
B r o w n , 1953g: 125; to Afrotropical s p e d e s : B r o w n ,
1953g: 130; Bolton, 1 9 8 3 : 2 7 6 . [See n o t e u n d e r
Strumigenys.]
SOLENOMYRMA (junior s y n o n y m of Gauromyrmex)
Solenomyrma Karavaiev, 1935a: 103. Type-spedes:
Solenomyrma acanthina, by m o n o t y p y . Solenomyrma
j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Gauromyrmex: B r o w n , 1953c: 10.
[Gauromyrmex j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Vollenhovia: Bol­
ton, 1994:105.]
SOLENOPS (junior s y n o n y m of Oligomyrmex)
Solenops Karavaiev, 1930a: 207 [as subgenus of
Solenopsis]. Type-spedes: Solenopsis (Solenops) weyeri,
by m o n o t y p y . Solenops j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Oligomyrmex: Ettershank, 1966: 119.
SOLENOPSIS (Myrmicinae: Solenopsidini)
Solenopsis Westwood, 1840b: 86. Type-spedes: Solenop­
sis mandibularis (junior s y n o n y m of Solenopsis
geminata), by m o n o t y p y . Solenopsis senior s y n o n y m
of Diplorhoptrum: Kempf, 1972a: 232; Bolton, 1987:
2 8 5 . Solenopsis senior s y n o n y m of Bisolenopsis,
Diagyne, Euophthalma, Granisolenopsis, Labauchena,
Lilidris, Oedaleocerus, Paranamyrma a n d Synsolenopsis:
Ettershank, 1966: 134. Solenopsis senior s y n o n y m of
Octella: Taylor, 1991b: 6 1 1 . Revision of N e w World
s p e d e s : Creighton, 1930b: 39 (out of date); of
geminata-groxrp: Trager, 1 9 9 1 : 1 4 1 . Notes o n s y n o n ­
y m y : Bolton, 1987: 2 8 5 .
SOMMIMYRMA (junior s y n o n y m of Myrmica)
Sommimyrma Menozzi, 1925d: 2 5 . Type-spedes:
Sommimyrma symbiotica, by original designation.
Sommimyrma provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Myrmica: B r o w n , 1973b: 184. Sommimyrma j u n i o r
s y n o n y m of Myrmica: Bolton, 1988a: 3.
SPALACOMYRMEX (junior s y n o n y m of Centromyrmex)
Spalacomyrmex Emery, 1889b: 4 8 9 . Type-spedes:
Spalacomyrmexfeae, by m o n o t y p y . Spalacomyrmex
j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Centromyrmex: Emery, 1890b: 4 0 .
SPANIOPONE (junior s y n o n y m of Gnamptogenys)
Spaniopone Wheeler, W.M. & M a n n , 1 9 1 4 : 1 1 . Type-
s p e d e s : Spaniopone haytiana, b y m o n o t y p y .
Spaniopone j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Gnamptogenys:
Brown, 1958g:212.
SPELAEOMYRMEX (junior s y n o n y m of Erebomyrma)
Spelaeomyrmex Wheeler, W.M. 1922c: 9. Type-spedes:
Spelaeomyrmexurichi, by original designation.
Spelaeomyrmex j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Erebomyrma: Wil­
son, 1962a: 6 3 . [Erebomyrma j\mior s y n o n y m of
Oligomyrmex: Bolton, 1994:106.]
#SPHAEROCREMA (subgenus of Crematogaster)
Sphaerocrema Santschi, 1918d: 182 [as subgenus of
Crematogaster). Type-spedes: Crematogaster kneri, by
original designation. Sphaerocrema raised to g e n u s :
Soulie, 1964: 398. Sphaerocrema provisional j u n i o r
s y n o n y m of Crematogaster: Brown, 1973b: 185
(unconfirmed). Sphaerocrema h e r e reverts to subge­
n u s of Crematogaster.
SPHAEROMESSOR (unavailable n a m e )
SphaeromessorBernard, 1 9 8 5 : 4 8 . [Without designa­
tion of t y p e - s p e d e s ; unavailable n a m e . ] I n d u d e d
s p e d e s referable t o Messor.
*SPHECOMYRMA (*Sphecomyrminae)
*Sphecomyrma Wilson & B r o w n , in Wilson, Carpenter &
B r o w n , 1967: 8. Type-spedes: *Sphecomyrma freyi,
by original designation.
SPHECOMYRMEX (junior s y n o n y m of Anomma)
Sphecomyrmex Schulz, 1 9 0 6 : 1 5 4 , unjustified e m e n d a ­
tion of Sphegomyrmex. Sphecomyrmex j u n i o r syn­
o n y m of Anomma: n e w s y n o n y m y .
SPHEGOMYRMEX (junior s y n o n y m of Anomma)
Sphegomyrmex Imhoff, 1 8 5 2 : 1 7 6 . Type-spedes: Dorylus
nigricans, by s u b s e q u e n t designation of
Donisthorpe, 1943g: 727. Sphegomyrmex jxmiox syn­
o n y m of Anomma: Smith, F. 1858b: 112.
SPHINCTOMYRMEX (Cerapachyinae: Cerapachyini)
Sphinctomyrmex Mayr, 1866b: 8 9 5 . Type-spedes:
Sphinctomyrmex stahli, by m o n o t y p y . Sphinctomyrmex
senior s y n o n y m of Aethiopopone: Bolton, 1973a:
3 4 1 . Sphinctomyrmex senior s y n o n y m oi Eusphinctus,
Nothosphinctus a n d Zasphinctus, a n d revision of
genus: B r o w n , 1975: 3 1 .
SPINOMYRMA (junior s y n o n y m of Dorymyrmex)
Spinomyrma Kusnezov, 1 9 5 2 g : 4 2 9 (diagnosis in key)
[as subgenus of Dorymyrmex]. Type-spedes:
Dorymyrmex alboniger, b y s u b s e q u e n t designation of
Kusnezov, 1959: 5 1 . Spinomyrma raised to genus:
Kusnezov, 1959: 5 1 . Spinomyrma subgenus of
Dorymyrmex: Kempf, 1972a: 100. Spinomyrma j u n i o r
s y n o n y m of Dorymyrmex: Snelling & Hunt, 1976: 9 3 .
SPOROCLEPTES (junior s y n o n y m oiAneleus)
Sporocleptes Arnold, 1948: 2 1 9 . Type-spedes:
Sporocleptes nicotianae, by original designation.
Sporocleptes j u n i o r s y n o n y m oiAneleus: Consani,
1951: 169; Arnold, 1952a: 4 6 0 . [Aneleus j u n i o r syn­
o n y m of Oligomyrmex: Ettershank, 1966: 119.]
STEGOMYRMEX (Myrrmcinae: Stegomyrmecini)
Stegomyrmex Emery, 1912b: 99. Type-spedes:
Stegomyrmex connectens, by m o n o t y p y . Revision of
genus: Diniz, 1990: 277.
STEGOPHEIDOLE (junior s y n o n y m of Pheidole)
Stegopheidole Emery, 1915i: 190 [as subgenus of
Pheidole]. Type-spedes: Pheidole (Elasmopheidole)
upeneci, by m o n o t y p y . Stegopheidole provisional
j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pheidole: B r o w n , 1973b: 185.
Stegopheidole j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pheidole: Smith,
D.R. 1979: 1366.
STENAMMA (Myrrmcinae: Stenanmiini)
Stenamma Westwood, 1 8 3 9 : 2 1 9 . Type-spedes:
Stenamma westwoodii, by m o n o t y p y . Stenamma senior
s y n o n y m of Asemorhoptrum: Andre, 1883a: 310.
Stenamma senior s y n o n y m of Theryella: Santschi,
1923a: 136. Keys to s p e d e s of N e w World: Smith,
 M.R. 1957b: 133; Smith, M.R. 1962a: 38; Snelling,
1973c: 1; to species of former U.S.S.R.: A m o r d i ,
1975: 1826.
STENOMYRMEX (junior s y n o n y m oi Anochetus)
Stenomyrmex Mayr, 1862: 7 1 1 . Type-species: Myrmecia
emarginata, by s u b s e q u e n t designation of Wheeler,
W.M. 1911 f: 173. Stenomyrmex subgenus of
Anochetus: Dalla Torre, 1 8 9 3 : 4 7 ; m a i n t a i n e d as sub­
g e n u s : Emery, 1911d: 110; Forel, 1917: 2 3 8 ; Kempf,
1972a: 2 1 . Revision of subgenus: Kempf, 1964f:
2 3 7 . Stenomyrmex j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Anochetus:
B r o w n , 1978c: 552.
STENOTHORAX (junior s y n o n y m oi Adlerzia)
Stenothorax McAreavey, 1949: 3. Type-species:
Stenothorax katerinae (junior s y n o n y m oi Adlerzia
froggatti), by original designation. Stenothorax j u n i o r
s y n o n y m of Adlerzia: B r o w n , 1952a: 110.
STEREOMYRMEX (Myrmicinae: Formicoxenini)
Stereomyrmex Emery, 1901f: 115. Type-species:
Stereomyrmex horni, by m o n o t y p y .
STICTOPONERA (junior s y n o n y m of Gnamptogenys)
Stictoponera Mayr, 1887: 539 [as subgenus of
Ectatomma]. Type-species: Ponera coxalis, by sub­
s e q u e n t designation of Bingham, 1903: 82.
Stictoponera raised to genus: Emery, 1911 d: 4 7 .
Stictoponera j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Gnamptogenys:
Brown, 1958g:211.
STIGMACROS (Formicinae: Plagiolepidini)
Stigmacros Forel, 1905b: 179 [as subgenus of
Acantholepis]. Replacement n a m e for Acrostigma
Forel, 1 9 0 2 h : 4 7 7 . [Junior h o m o n y m of *Acrostigma
Emery, 1891a: 149.] Stigmacros raised t o genus:
Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 696. Stigmacros senior syn­
o n y m of Campostigmacros, Chariostigmacros,
Cyrtostigmacros, Hagiostigmacros, a n d Pseudostigmacros:
Taylor & B r o w n , D.R. 1985: 145. Revision of g e n u s :
McAreavey, 1957: 7.
STIGMATOMMA (junior s y n o n y m of Amblyopone)
Stigmatomma Roger, 1 8 5 9 : 2 5 0 . Type-species:
Stigmatomma denticulatum, by s u b s e q u e n t designa­
tion of Bingham, 1903: 36. Stigmatomma j u n i o r syn­
o n y m of Amblyopone: E m e r y & Forel, 1 8 7 9 : 4 5 5;
Mayr, 1887: 546. Stigmatomma revived from s y n o n ­
y m y : Dalla Torre, 1 8 9 3 : 1 4 ; m a i n t a i n e d as g e n u s :
Emery, 1911d: 2 3 ; Forel, 1 9 1 7 : 2 3 5 ; Wheeler, W.M.
1922a: 6 4 1 . Stigmatomma subgenus oi Amblyopone:
Clark, 1934b: 27; B r o w n , 1949c: 8 7 . Stigmatomma
senior s y n o n y m of Fulakora a n d Xymmer: B r o w n ,
1949c: 8 7 . Stigmatomma j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Amblyopone: B r o w n , 1960a: 155.
*STIGMOMYRMEX (Myrmicinae: Formicoxenini?)
*StigmomyrmexMayr, 1868c: 9 5 . Type-species:
Stigmomyrmexvenustus, by s u b s e q u e n t designation of
Wheeler, W.M. 191 If: 173.
*STIPHROMYRMEX (Myrmicinae: Myrmecinini?)
*Stiphromyrmex Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 6 7 . Type-spe­
cies: *Stigmomyrmex robustus, b y original designation.
STREBLOGNATHUS (Ponerinae: Ponerini)
Streblognathus Mayr, 1 8 6 2 : 7 1 6 . Type-species: Ponera
aethiopica, by m o n o t y p y .
STRONGYLOGNATHUS (Myrmicinae: Tetramoriini)
Strongylognathus Mayr, 1853d: 389. Type-species:
Eciton testaceum, by m o n o t y p y . Replacement n a m e
iorMyrmus Schenck, 1 8 5 3 : 1 8 8 . [Junior h o m o n y m
of Myrmus FLahn, 1832: 81.] Revision of huberi-
g r o u p : Baroni Urbani, 1969c: 132. Review of genus:
Bolton, 1976: 304. Key to fauna of former U.S.S.R.:
R a d c h e n k o , 1 9 9 1 : 89.
STRUMIGENYS (Myrmicinae: Dacetini)
Strumigenys Smith, F. 1860c: 72. Type-species:
Strumigenys mandibularis, by m o n o t y p y . Strumigenys
senior s y n o n y m of Labidogenys a n d Pyramica: Roger,
1863b: 40; B r o w n & Wilson, 1959b: 2 8 1 ; B r o w n ,
1960b: 37. Strumigenys senior s y n o n y m of Eneria
a n d Proscopomyrmex: B r o w n , 1949d: 15. Keys to
Neotropical species: B r o w n , 1962c: 257; Kempf,
1976b: 4 3 ; to Afrotropical species: B r o w n , 1954k:
10; Bolton, 1983: 360; to t h e Fiji Is., Tonga a n d
Samoa: DIussky, 1993: 5 3 . [Note. Baroni Urbani &
De A n d r a d e , 1994: 1 2 - 1 5 , proposed t h a t
Asketogenys, Chelystruma, Cladarogenys, Codiomyrmex,
Codioxenus, Dorisidris, Dysedrognathus, Epitritus,
Glamyromyrmex, Gymnomyrmex, Kyidris, Neostruma,
Pentastruma, Quadristruma, Serrastruma,
Smithistruma, Tingimyrmex a n d Trichoscapa, along
w i t h all t h e previous j u n i o r s y n o n y m s of all t h e s e
genera, b e included as j u n i o r s y n o n y m s of
Strumigenys. I consider this action t o o e x t r e m e by far
as it is based o n a grossly i n a d e q u a t e character set.
In c o n s e q u e n c e their results are very insecure, a n d
their p r o p o s e d s y n o n y m s are all r e v i v e d f r o m s y n ­
o n y m y here.]
SULCOMYRMEX (unavailable n a m e )
Sulcomyrmex KiatochvO., 1 9 4 1 : 8 4 [as subgenus of
Tetramorium]. [Without designation of type-species;
unavailable n a m e . ] Included species referable to
Tetramorium:Bolton, 1976: 359.
SYLLOPHOPSIS (junior s y n o n y m oi Monomorium)
Syllophopsis Santschi, 1915c: 259 [as subgenus of
Monomorium.] Type-species: Monomorium modestum,
by m o n o t y p y . Syllophopsis raised to g e n u s : Santschi,
1921c: 119; m a i n t a i n e d as g e n u s : Ettershank, 1966:
100. Syllophopsis subgenus of Monomorium: Wheeler,
W.M. 1922a: 676; Arnold, 1952a: 4 6 5 . Syllophopsis
j u n i o r s y n o n y m oi Monomorium: Bolton, 1987: 2 8 7 .
[Syllopsis Santschi, 1921c: 120, incorrect s u b s e q u e n t
spelling.]
SYMBIOMYRMA O'unior s y n o n y m of Sifolinia)
Symbiomyrma A m o l ' d i , 1930c: 2 6 7 . Type-spedes: Sym­
biomyrma karavajevi, by m o n o t y p y . [Symbiomyrma
also described as n e w by Arnol'di, 1933a: 41.] Sym­
biomyrma j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Sifolinia: Samsinak,
1964: 156. [Sifolinia j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Myrmica:
Bolton, 1988a: 3.]
SYMMYRMICA (junior s y n o n y m of Formicoxenus)
Symmyrmica Wheeler, W.M. 1904a: 3. Type-spedes:
Symmyrmica chamberlini, by m o n o t y p y . Symmyrmica
provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Leptothorax: B r o w n ,
1973b: 185. Symmyrmica junior s y n o n y m of
Formicoxenus: Francoeur, Loiselle & Buschinger,
1985:347.
SYMPHEIDOLE (junior s y n o n y m of Pheidole)
Sympheidole Wheeler, W.M. 1904a: 7. Type-spedes:
Sympheidole elecebra, by m o n o t y p y . Sympheidole p r o ­
visional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pheidole: B r o w n , 1973b:
185. Sympheidole j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pheidole: Smith,
D.R. 1979: 1365.
SYNSOLENOPSIS (junior s y n o n y m of Solenopsis)
Synsolenopsis Forel, 1918b: 155 [as subgenus of Solenop­
sis]. Type-spedes: Solenopsis {Synsolenopsis) bruchi
(junior primary h o m o n y m in Solenopsis, replaced by
Solenopsis bruchiella), by m o n o t y p y . Synsolenopsis
raised to genus, a n d k e y to s p e d e s : Kusnezov,
1953c: 3 4 1 ; m a i n t a i n e d as g e n u s : Kusnezov, 1962b:
160. Synsolenopsis j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Solenopsis:
Ettershank, 1966: 134.
*SYNTAJPHUS (Ponerinae: E d a t o m m i n i )
*Syntaphus Donisthorpe, 1920: 84. Type-spedes: *Syn-
taphus wheeleri, by original designation.
SYNTERMITOPONE (junior s y n o n y m of Pachycondyla)
Syntermitopone Wheeler, W.M. 1936d: 169 [as subge­
n u s of Termitopone.] Type-spedes: Ponera commutata,
by original designation. Syntermitopone j u n i o r syn­
o n y m of Termitopone: Borgmeier, 1959a: 312. [Ter­
mitopone j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pachycondyla: B r o w n , in
preparation.]
SYSCIA (junior s y n o n y m of Cerapachys)
Syscia Roger, 1861a: 19. Type-spedes: Syscia typhla, by
m o n o t y p y . Syscia subgenus of Cerapachys: Wheeler,
W.M. 1902d: 185; Emery, 1902c: 24. Syscia senior
s y n o n y m of Cysias: Emery, 19 l i d : 10. Syscia j u n i o r
s y n o n y m of Cerapachys: Kempf, 1972a: 76.
SYSPHINGTA (junior s y n o n y m of Proceratium)
Sysphingta Roger, 1863a: 175. Type-spedes: Sysphingta
micrommata, by m o n o t y p y . Sysphingta j u n i o r syn­
o n y m of Proceratium: Mayr, 1886d: 4 3 7 ; Dalla Torre,
1 8 9 3 : 1 8 . Sysphingta revived from s y n o n y m y :
Emery, 1895c: 2 6 2 . Sysphingta j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Proceratium: B r o w n , in Borgmeier, 1 9 5 7 : 1 1 8 ;
B r o w n , 1958g: 2 4 1 . [Sysphincta Mayr, 1865: 12 (and
most subsequent authors), incorred subsequent
spelling.]
TALARIDRIS (Myrmicinae: Basicerotini)
Talaridris Weber, 1941a: 184. Type-spedes: Talaridris
mandibularis, by original designation. Revision of
g e n u s : B r o w n & Kempf, 1960: 2 4 1 . Talaridris provi­
sional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Rhopalothrix: B r o w n ,
1973b: 185 (unconfirmed).
TAMMOTECA (junior s y n o n y m of Gnamptogenys)
Tammoteca Santschi, 1929h: 4 7 6 [as subgenus of
Ectatomma]. Type-spedes: Ectatomma concinnum, by
original designation. Tammoteca j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Gnamptogenys: B r o w n , 1958g: 2 1 2 .
#TANAEMYRMEX (subgenus of Camponotus)
Tanaemyrmex Ashmead, 1905b: 384. Type-spedes: For­
mica longipes (junior p r i m a r y h o m o n y m in Formica,
replaced by Camponotus etiolipes), by original designa­
tion. Tanaemyrmex subgenus of Camponotus, a n d
senior s y n o n y m of Myrmoturba: Emery, 1925b: 7 5 .
Tanaemyrmex provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Camponotus: Brown, 1973b: 185 (unconfirmed).
#TAPJNOLEPIS (subgenus of Anoplolepis)
Tapinolepis Emery, 1925b: 18 [as subgenus of
Anoplolepis]. Type-spedes: Plagiolepis tumidula, by
m o n o t y p y . Tapinolepis provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m
of Anoplolepis: B r o w n , 1973b: 185 (unconfirmed).
TAPINOMA (Dolichoderinae)
Tapinoma Foerster, 1850a: 4 3 . Type-spedes: Tapinoma
collina (junior s y n o n y m of Tapinoma erraticum), by
m o n o t y p y . Tapinoma senior s y n o n y m of
Micromyrma:Mayr, 1 8 6 3 : 4 5 5 ; Smith, M.R. 1951a:
837; Shattuck, 1992c: 146. Tapinoma senior syn­
o n y m of Neoclystopsenella: B r o w n , 1988a: 337.
Tapinoma senior s y n o n y m of Semonius, Tapinoptera,
Genus-Group Taxa 47
 Zatapinoma, a n d review of g e n u s : Shattuck, 1992c:
146.
TAPINOPTERA (junior s y n o n y m of Tapinoma)
Tapinoptera Santschi, 1925g: 348 [as subgenus of
Tapinoma]. Type-species: Tapinomavexatum, by
m o n o t y p y . Tapinoptera j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Tapinoma:
Shattuck, 1992c: 146.
TATUIDPJS (Myrmicinae: Agroecomyrmecini)
Tatuidris B r o w n & Kempf, 1 9 6 8 : 1 8 6 . Type-species:
Tatuidris tatusia, by original designation.
TECHNOMYRMEX (Dolichoderinae)
Technomyrmex Mayr, 1 8 7 2 : 1 4 7 . Type-species: Tech­
nomyrmex strenuus, by m o n o t y p y . Technomyrmex
senior s y n o n y m of Aphantolepis: B r o w n , 1953h: 5.
Technomyrmex senior s y n o n y m of Engramma, a n d
review of genus: Shattuck, 1992c: 153.
TELEUTOMYRMEX (Myrmicinae: Tetramoriini)
Teleutomyrmex Kutter, 1950a: 82. Type-species:
Teleutomyrmex schneideri, by original designation.
TEMNOTHORAX (junior s y n o n y m of Leptothorax)
Temnothorax Mayr, 1 8 6 1 : 68. Type-species: Myrmica
recedens, by m o n o t y p y . Temnothorax j u n i o r s y n o n y m
of Leptothorax: Forel, 1890a: lxxii. Temnothorax
revived from s y n o n y m y as subgenus of Leptothorax:
Forel, 1892i: 315; m a i n t a i n e d as subgenus: Emery,
1915g: 24; Forel, 1915d: 27; Bondroit, 1918: 117;
Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 679; Emery, 1922f: 2 5 9 . Tem-
nothorax raised to g e n u s : Bernard, 1 9 6 7 : 1 8 5 . Tem­
nothorax j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Leptothorax: Baroni
Urbani, 1971c: 96; Bolton, 1982: 319.
TERATANER (Myrmicinae: Forrmcoxenini)
Terataner Emery, 1912b: 103. Type-species:
Atopomyrmex foreli, by original designation. Review
of g e n u s : Arnold, 1952b: 129. Terataner senior syn­
o n y m of Tranetera, a n d revision of g e n u s : Bolton,
1981b: 2 8 8 .
TERATOMYRMEX (Formicinae: Lasiini)
Teratomyrmex McAreavey, 1957: 54. Type-species: Ter-
atomyrmex greavesi, by original designation.
TERMITOPONE (junior s y n o n y m of Pachycondyla)
Termitopone Wheeler, W.M. 1936d: 159. Type-species:
Ponera laevigata, by original designation. Termitopone
senior s y n o n y m of Syntermitopone: Borgmeier,
1959a: 312. Termitopone provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m
of Pachycondyla: B r o w n , 1973b: 185. Termitopone
j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pachycondyla: B r o w n , in prepara­
tion.
TETHEAMYRMA (Myrmicinae: Stenammini)
Tetheamyrma Bolton, 1 9 9 1 : 9. Type-species:
Tetheamyrma subspongia, by original designation.
TETRAMORIUM (Myrmicinae: Tettamorimi)
Tetramorium Mayr, 1855: 4 2 3 . Type-species: Formica
caespitum, by subsequent designation of Girard,
1 8 7 9 : 1 0 1 6 . Tetramorium senior s y n o n y m of
Tetrogmus:~Roger, 1862c: 2 9 7 . Tetramorium senior
s y n o n y m oi Atopula, Lobomyrmex, Macromischoides,
Tetrogmus, a n d Xiphomyrmex: Bolton, 1976: 359; Bol­
ton, 1 9 8 0 : 1 9 5 . Species included in Sulcomyrmex
(unavailable) referable to Tetramorium. Tetramorium
senior s y n o n y m of Triglyphothrix: Bolton, 1 9 8 5 : 2 4 7 .
Revision of genus: Bolton, 1976: 359. Keys to spe­
cies: Bolton, 1976: 314, 341 (former Triglyphothrix
species); Bolton, 1977: 67 (Oriental, Indo-Austra­
lian a n d Australasian); Bolton, 1 9 7 9 : 1 2 9 (Malagasy
48 Genus-Group Taxa
a n d N e w World); Bolton, 1980: 193 (Afrotropical);
R a d c h e n k o , 1992a: 45 (formerU.S.S.R.).
TETRAMYRMA (junior s y n o n y m of Leptothorax)
Tetramyrma Forel, 1912m: 766 [as subgenus of
Dilobocondyla]. Type-species: Dilobocondyla
(Tetramyrma) braunsi, by m o n o t y p y . Tetramyrma
raised to genus: Forel, 1913a: 122. Tetramyrma
j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Leptothorax: Bolton, 1982: 319.
TETRAPONERA (Pseudomyrmecinae)
Tetraponera Smith, F. 1 8 5 2 : 4 4 . Type-species:
Tetraponera atrata (junior s y n o n y m of Tetraponera
nigra), by s u b s e q u e n t designation of Wheeler, W.M.
191 If: 1 7 3 . Tetraponera senior s y n o n y m of Sima:
Smith, F. 1877b: 68. Tetraponera j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Sima: Dalla Torre, 1893: 5 3 . Tetraponera subgenus of
Sima: Emery, 1900d: 673; Emery, 1915b: 2 6 5 .
Tetraponera senior s y n o n y m of Sima: Donisthorpe,
1916b: 244; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 105. Tetraponera
senior s y n o n y m of Pachysima, Parasima, Sima,
Viticicola, a n d revision of g e n u s : Ward, 1 9 9 0 : 4 7 0 .
TETROGMUS (junior s y n o n y m of Tetramorium)
Tetrogmus Roger, 1 8 5 7 : 1 0 . Type-species: Tetrogmus
caldarius, b y m o n o t y p y . Tetrogmus j u n i o r s y n o n y m
of Tetramorium: Roger, 1862c: 297; Bolton, 1976:
359.
THAUMATOMYRMEX (Ponerinae:
Thaumatomyrmecini)
Thaumatomyrmex Mayr, 1887: 530. Type-species:
Thaumatomyrmex mutilatus, b y m o n o t y p y . Keys to
species: Weber, 1942b: 65; Smith, M.R. 1944b: 97
(both o u t of date). Revisions of g e n u s : Kempf,
1975b: 95; Longino, 1988: 3 5 .
THERYELLA (junior s y n o n y m of Stenamma)
Theryella Santschi, 1 9 2 I d : 6 8 . Type-spedes: Theryella
my ops (provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Stenamma
punctiventre), b y m o n o t y p y . Theryella j u n i o r syn­
o n y m of Stenamma: Santschi, 1923a: 136. [Theryella
incorrectly as j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Proatta: Snelling,
1 9 8 1 : 3 9 5 , i n error.]
^THLIPSEPINOTUS (subgenus of Camponotus)
Thlipsepinotus Santschi, 1928e: 4 8 3 [as subgenus of
Camponotus]. Type-spedes: Camponotusclaripes,by
original designation. Thlipsepinotus provisional
j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Camponotus: B r o w n , 1973b: 185
(unconfirmed).
TINGIMYRMEX (Myrmicinae: Dacetini)
Tingimyrmex M a n n , 1 9 2 6 : 1 0 4 [as subgenus of
Strumigenys]. Type-spedes: Strumigenys
(Tingimyrmex) mirabilis, by m o n o t y p y . Tingimyrmex
raised t o g e n u s : B r o w n , 1948e: 1 1 1 . [See n o t e
u n d e r Strumigenys.]
TITUSIA (nomen nudum)
Titusia Ashmead, 1905b: 382, nomen nudum.
TOMOGNATHUS (junior h o m o n y m , see Harpagoxenus)
Tomognathus Mayr, 1 8 6 1 : 56. Type-spedes: Myrmica
sublaevis, by m o n o t y p y . [Junior h o m o n y m of
Tomognathus Agassiz, 1850: 376 (Pisces).]
Harpagoxenus Forel, 1893a: 167, r e p l a c e m e n t n a m e
for Tomognathus Mayr.
TRACHYMESOPUS (junior s y n o n y m of Pseudoponera)
TrachymesopusEmery, 1 9 l i d : 84 [as subgenus of
Euponera]. Type-spedes: Formica stigma, by original
designation. Trachymesopus raised to genus: Wilson,
1958d: 352; see also B r o w n , 1963: 6. Trachymesopus
provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pachycondyla: B r o w n ,
1973b: 185. Trachymesopus j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Pseudoponera: n e w s y n o n y m y . [Pseudoponera
j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pachycondyla: B r o w n , in prepara­
tion.] [Trachyponera: see below.]
TRACHYMYRMEX (Myrmicinae: Attini)
Trachymyrmex Forel, 1893e: 600 [as subgenus of Atta].
Type-spedes: Atta septentrionalis, by s u b s e q u e n t des­
ignation of Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 174.
Trachymyrmex subgenus of Cyphomyrmex: Emery,
1 9 1 3 : 2 5 1 . Trachymyrmex raised to g e n u s : Gallardo,
1916b: 2 4 2 ; Wheeler, W.M. 1916c: 1 1 .
Trachymyrmex subgenus of Acromyrmex: Forel, 1917:
2 4 7 . Trachymyrmex subgenus of Cyphomyrmex:
Emery, 1922f: 344. Trachymyrmex raised to g e n u s :
Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 669; m a i n t a i n e d as genus:
Borgmeier, 1950b: 384; Kempf, 1972a: 2 5 2 .
TRACHYPHEIDOLE (junior s y n o n y m of Pheidole)
Trachypheidole Emery, 1915i: 190 [as subgenus of
Pheidole]. Type-spedes: Pheidole bicornis, by original
designation. Trachypheidole provisional j u n i o r syn­
o n y m of Pheidole: B r o w n , 1973b: 185. Trachypheidole
j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pheidole: Smith, D.R. 1 9 7 9 : 1 3 6 6 .
[TRACHYPONERA (misspelling)
Trachyponera Santschi, 1928a: 4 3 , i n c o r r e d sub­
s e q u e n t spelling of Trachymesopus.]
TRANETERA (junior s y n o n y m of Terataner)
Tranetera Arnold, 1952b: 130 [as subgenus of Terata­
ner]. Type-spedes: Terataner bottegoi, by original des­
ignation. Tranetera provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Terataner: B r o w n , 1973b: 185. Tranetera j u n i o r syn­
o n y m of Terataner: Bolton, 198 l b : 2 8 8 .
TRANOPELTA (Myrrmcinae: Ochetomyrmecini)
Tranopelta Mayr, 1866a: 512. Type-spedes: Tranopelta
gilva, b y m o n o t y p y . Review of g e n u s : Ettershank,
1966: 107.
TRANOPELTOIDES (junior s y n o n y m of Crematogaster)
Tranopeltoides Wheeler, W.M. 1922e: 10. Type-spedes:
Tranopelta huberi, b y original designation.
Tranopeltoides j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Crematogaster:
Kempf, 1960c: 173.
TRAPEZIOPELTA (junior s y n o n y m oi Myopias)
Trapeziopelta Mayr, 1 8 6 2 : 7 1 5 . Type-spedes: Ponera
maligna, by m o n o t y p y . Trapeziopelta senior s y n o n y m
of Bradyponera: Donisthorpe, 1932c: 4 6 8 .
Trapeziopelta provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Pachycondyla: B r o w n , 1973b: 185. Trapeziopelta
j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Myopias: Willey & B r o w n , 1983:
249.
TRIANGULINODA (junior s y n o n y m oi Pseudomyrmex)
Triangulinoda E n z m a n n , E.V. 1944: 61 [as "branch" of
Pseudomyrma]. Type-spedes: Pseudomyrma spinicola,
by original designation. Triangulinoda j u n i o r syn­
o n y m of Pseudomyrmex: Ward, 1 9 9 0 : 4 6 9 .
TRICHOMELOPHORUS (junior s y n o n y m oi Melophorus)
Trichomelophorus Wheeler, W.M. 1935c: 71 [as subge­
n u s of Melophorus]. Type-spedes: Melophorus
hirsutus, by original designation. Trichomelophorus
j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Melophorus: B r o w n , 1955d: 4 7 4 .
TRICHOMYRMEX (junior s y n o n y m oi Monomorium)
Trichomyrmex Mayr, 1 8 6 5 : 1 9 . Type-spedes:
Trichomyrmex rogeri, by m o n o t y p y . Trichomyrmex
j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Monomorium: Ettershank, 1966:
82; Bolton, 1987: 2 9 6 .
TRICHOSCAPA (Myrmicinae: Dacetini)
Trichoscapa Emery, 1869b: 2 4 [as subgenus of
Strumigenys]. Type-species: Strumigenys (Trichoscapa)
memhranifera, by m o n o t y p y . Trichoscapa j u n i o r syn­
o n y m of Strumigenys: Dalla Torre, 1893: 145.
Trichoscapa j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Cephaloxys: Wheeler,
W.M. 1922a: 668; Emery, 1922f: 3 2 3 . Trichoscapa
revived from s y n o n y m y : B r o w n , 1948e: 112.
Review of genus: Bolton, 1983: 319. [See n o t e
u n d e r Strumigenys.]
TRICYTARUS (Myrmicinae: Formicoxenini?)
Tricytarus Donisthorpe, 1947d: 187. Type-species:
Tricytarus parviumgulatus, by original designation.
TRIGLYPHOTHRIX (junior s y n o n y m of Tetramorium)
Triglyphothrix Forel, 1890b: cvi. Type-species:
Triglyphothrix walshi, by m o n o t y p y . Triglyphothrix
subgenus of Tetramorium: Arnold, 1917: 3 3 3 ; m a i n ­
tained as subgenus: Arnold, 1926: 272.
Triglyphothrix revived status as g e n u s : Wheeler,
W.M. 1922a: 909; Emery, 1922f: 272; m a i n t a i n e d as
genus, a n d revision of g e n u s : Bolton, 1976: 310.
Triglyphothrix j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Tetramorium: Bol­
ton, 1985: 2 4 7 .
TRIGONOGASTER (junior h o m o n y m ; see Recurvidris)
Trigonogaster Forel, 1890b: cviii. Type-species:
Trigonogaster recurvispinosa, by m o n o t y p y . [Junior
h o m o n y m of Trigonogaster Guerin-Meneville,
1844b: 1149 (Hymenoptera, Pteromalidae).]
Recurvidris Bolton, 1992: 36, r e p l a c e m e n t n a m e for
Trigonogaster Forel.
TURNERIA (Dolichoderinae)
Turneria Forel, 1895f: 4 1 9 . Type-species: Turneria
bidentata, by m o n o t y p y . Revision of genus:
Shattuck, 1 9 9 0 : 1 0 1 ; review of g e n u s : Shattuck,
1992c: 1 6 1 .
TYPHLATTA (junior s y n o n y m of Aenictus)
Typhlatta Smith, F. 1857a: 79. Type-species: Typhlatta
laeviceps, by m o n o t y p y . Typhlatta j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Aenictus: Forel, 1890b: ciii. Typhlatta revived from
s y n o n y m y as subgenus of Aenictus: Wheeler, W.M.
1930g: 198. Typhlatta j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Aenictus:
Wilson, 1964a: 4 4 4 .
TYPHLOMYRMEX (Ponerinae: Typhlomyrmecini)
Typhlomyrmex Mayr, 1862: 736. Type-species:
Typhlomyrmex rogenhoferi, by m o n o t y p y .
[Typhlomyrmex Gistel, 1856: 4 4 7 , nomen nudum; see
Wheeler, W.M. 1911c: 858.] Revision of genus:
B r o w n , 1965c: 6 5 .
#TYPHLOPONE (subgenus of Dorylus)
Typhlopone Westwood, 1839: 2 1 9 . Type-species:
Typhlopone fulva, by s u b s e q u e n t designation of
Emery, 1895J: 7 0 1 . Typhlopone senior s y n o n y m of
Cosmaecetes: Smith, F. 1858b: 1 1 1 . Typhlopone j u n i o r
s y n o n y m of Dorylus: Dalla Torre, 1893: 9. Typhlopone
revived from s y n o n y m y as subgenus of Dorylus:
Emery, 1895j: 7 0 1 . Typhlopone provisional j u n i o r
s y n o n y m of Dorylus: B r o w n , 1973b: 185
(unconfirmed).
TYPHLOTERAS (junior s y n o n y m of Centromyrmex)
Typhloteras Karavaiev, 1925b: 128. Type-species:
Typhloteras hamulatum, by m o n o t y p y . Typhloteras
j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Centromyrmex: B r o w n , 1953c: 8.
VEROMESSOR (junior s y n o n y m of Messor)
Veromessor Forel, 1 9 1 7 : 2 3 5 [as subgenus of
Novomessor]. Type-species: Aphaenogaster andrei, by
subsequent designation of Emery, 192 If: 67. Ver­
omessor raised to genus: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 6 6 1 .
Revision of g e n u s : Wheeler, W.M. & Creighton,
1934: 354. Veromessor senior s y n o n y m of
Lobognathus: B r o w n , 1949a: 4 9 . Key to species:
Smith, M.R. 1956a: 36. Veromessor j u n i o r s y n o n y m
of Messor: Bolton, 1982: 338.
VITICICOLA (junior s y n o n y m of Tetraponera)
Viticicola Wheeler, W.M. 19191: 130. Type-species: Sima
tessmanni, by original designation. Viticicola provi­
sional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Tetraponera: B r o w n ,
1973b: 185. Viticicola j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Tetraponera:
Ward, 1 9 9 0 : 4 7 0 .
VOLLENHOVENIA (junior s y n o n y m of Vollenhovia)
Vollenhovenia Dalla Torre, 1893: 6 1 , unjustified s u b ­
sequent e m e n d a t i o n of Vollenhovia. Vollenhovenia
j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Vollenhovia: Forel, 1893a: 166;
Emery, 1922e: 163.
VOLLENHOVIA (Myrmicinae: Metaponini)
Vollenhovia Mayr, 1865: 2 1 . Type-species: Vollenhovia
punctatostriata, by m o n o t y p y . Vollenhovia senior syn­
o n y m of *Propodomyrma: Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 5 1 .
Vollenhovia senior s y n o n y m of Vollenhovenia: Forel,
1893a: 166. Vollenhovia senior s y n o n y m of Dorothea,
Dyomorium, a n d Heteromyrmex, a n d review of genus:
Ettershank, 1 9 6 6 : 1 4 6 . Vollenhovia senior s y n o n y m
of Aratromyrmex: Baroni Urbani, 1980a: 96.
Vollenhovia senior s y n o n y m of Gauromyrmex (and its
j u n i o r s y n o n y m s Acalama a n d Solenomyrma): Bol­
ton, 1994: 105.
VOMBISIDRIS (Myrmicinae: Formicoxeruni)
Vombisidris Bolton, 1 9 9 1 : 1 . Type-species: Vombisidris
philax, by original designation. Key to species: Bol­
ton, 1 9 9 1 : 2 .
WADEURA (junior s y n o n y m of Pachycondyla)
Wadeura Weber, 1939a: 102. Type-species: Wadeura
guianensis, by original designation. Wadeura provi­
sional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pachycondyla: B r o w n ,
1973b: 185. Wadeura j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Pachycondyla: B r o w n , in preparation.
WASMANNIA (Myrmicinae: Blepharidattini)
Wasmannia Forel, 1893g: 3 8 3 . Type-species: Tetramor­
ium auropunctatum, b y s u b s e q u e n t designation of
Wheeler, W.M. 191 If: 174. Wasmannia senior syn­
o n y m of Hercynia: B r o w n , 1948d: 102. Wasmannia
provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Ochetomyrmex:
B r o w n , 1973b: 185. Wasmannia valid genus: Kempf,
1975c: 357; Snelling, 1 9 8 1 : 3 9 8 .
WEBERIDRIS (junior s y n o n y m of Cafyptomyrmex)
Weberidris Donisthorpe, 1949a: 2 8 1 . Type-species:
Weberidris rufobrunnea (junior s y n o n y m of
Cafyptomyrmex beccarii), by original designation.
Weberidris j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Cafyptomyrmex:
Donisthorpe, 1949f: 186; B r o w n , 1949f: 84.
WEBERISTRUMA (junior s y n o n y m of Smithistruma)
WeberistrumaBrown, 1948e: 106 [as s u b g e n u s of
Smithistruma]. Type-species: Strumigenys (Cephaloxys)
leptothrix, by original designation. Weberistruma
raised to g e n u s : B r o w n , 1949d: 7. Weberistruma
j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Smithistruma: B r o w n , 1973a: 3 5 .
WESSONISTRUMA (junior s y n o n y m of Smithistruma)
Wessonistruma B r o w n , 1948e: 106 [as s u b g e n u s of
Smithistruma]. Type-species: Strumigenys pergandei,
by original designation. Review of subgenus:
B r o w n , 1953g: 50. Wessonistruma j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Smithistruma: B r o w n , 1973a: 3 5 .
WHEELERIA (junior h o m o n y m ; see Wheeleriella)
Wheeleria Forel, 1905b: 1 7 1 . Type-species: Wheeleria
santschii, by m o n o t y p y . [Junior h o m o n y m of Wheele-
ria Tutt, 1905: 37 (Lepidoptera).] Wheeleriella Forel,
1907f: 145, r e p l a c e m e n t n a m e for Wheeleria Forel.
WHEELERIELLA (junior s y n o n y m of Monomorium)
Wheeleriella Forel, 1907f: 145. Replacement n a m e for
Wheeleria Forel, 1905b: 1 7 1 . [Junior h o m o n y m of
Wheeleria Tutt, 1905: 37.] Wheeleriella j u n i o r syn­
o n y m of Monomorium: Ettershank, 1966: 82; Bolton,
1987:291.
WHEELERIMYRMEX (junior s y n o n y m of
Megalomyrmex)
Wheelerimyrmex M a n n , 1 9 2 2 : 2 9 [as subgenus of
Megalomyrmex). Type-species: Megalomyrmexsilvestrii,
by original designation. Wheelerimyrmex j u n i o r syn­
o n y m of Megalomyrmex: Ettershank, 1966: 101.
WHEELERIPONE (junior s y n o n y m of Gnamptogenys)
Wheeleripone M a n n , 1919: 2 8 2 . Type-species:
Wheeleripone albiclava, by original designation.
Wheeleripone j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Gnamptogenys:
Brown, 1 9 5 8 g : 2 1 2 .
WILLOWSIELLA (Myrrnicinae: Formicoxenini)
Willowsiella Wheeler, W.M. 1934a: 174. Type-species:
Willowsiella dispar, by original designation.
WOITKOWSKIA (junior s y n o n y m of Neivamyrmex)
Woitkowskia E n z m a n n , E.V. 1 9 5 2 : 4 4 3 . Type-species:
Woitkowskia connectens (junior s y n o n y m of
Neivamyrmex walkeri), by original designation.
Woitkowskia j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Neivamyrmex:
Borgmeier, 1955b: 2 7 7 .
XENHYBOMA (junior s y n o n y m of Monomorium)
Xenhyboma Santschi, 1919g: 4 0 5 . Type-species:
Xenhyboma mystes (junior s y n o n y m of Monomorium
medinae), b y m o n o t y p y . Xenhyboma provisional
j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Monomorium: Ettershank, 1966:
82. Xenhyboma j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Monomorium:
Espadaler, 1982b: 112; Bolton, 1987: 2 9 3 .
XENOAPHAENOGASTER (junior s y n o n y m of Pheidole)
Xenoaphaenogaster Baroni Urbani, 1964b: 50. Type-spe­
cies: Xenoaphaenogaster inquilina (provisional j u n i o r
s y n o n y m of Pheidole palliduld), by original designa­
tion. Xenoaphaenogaster provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m
of Monomorium: B r o w n , 1973b: 185.
Xenoaphaenogaster j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pheidole: Bol­
ton, 1987: 2 9 1 .
XENOMETRA (junior s y n o n y m of Cardiocondyla)
Xenometra Emery, 1917a: 9 6 . Type-species: Xenometra
monillcornis (junior s y n o n y m of Cardiocondyla
emeryi), by m o n o t y p y . Xenometra j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Cardiocondyla: Baroni Urbani, 1973: 199.
XENOMYRMEX (Myrmicinae: Metaponini?)
Xenomyrmex Forel, 1885a: 369. Type-species:
Xenomyrmex stollii, by m o n o t y p y . Xenomyrmex senior
s y n o n y m of Myrmednella, a n d revision of genus:
Wheeler, W.M. 1931a: 129. Key to species:
Creighton, 1957c: 6. Review of genus: Ettershank,
1966: 150.
XEROMYRMEX (junior s y n o n y m of Monomorium)
Xeromyrmex Emery, 1915i: 190 [as subgenus of
Monomorium). Type-species: Formicasalomonis, by
original designation. Xeromyrmex jxmior s y n o n y m of
Monomorium: Ettershank, 1966: 82; Bolton, 1987:
294.
Genus-Group Taxa 49
aXIPHOCREMA (subgenus of Crematogaster)
Xiphocrema Forel, 1913k: 80 [as subgenus of
Crematogaster). Type-species: Crematogaster
tetracantha, b y subsequent designation of Emery,
1922e: 138. Xiphocrema raised to genus: Soulie,
1964: 398. Xiphocrema provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m
of Crematogaster:Brown, 1973b: 185 (unconfirmed).
Xiphocrema h e r e reverts to subgenus of Crematogaster.
XIPHOMYRMEX (junior s y n o n y m of Tetramorium)
Xiphomyrmex Forel, 1887: 385 [as subgenus of
Tetramorium). Type-species: Tetramorium
(Xiphomyrmex) kelleri, by subsequent designation of
Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 175. Xiphomyrmex raised to
genus:Emery, 1896e: 183 (in key). Xiphomyrmex
j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Tetramorium: Bingham, 1903:
175. Xiphomyrmex revived from s y n o n y m y as subge­
n u s of Tetramorium: Arnold, 1917: 345; m a i n t a i n e d
as subgenus: Arnold, 1926: 2 7 7 . Xiphomyrmex raised
to g e n u s : Forel, 1 9 1 7 : 2 4 5 ; m a i n t a i n e d as genus:
Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 193; Emery, 1922f: 2 8 6 .
Xiphomyrmex j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Tetramorium: Bol­
ton, 1976: 359; Bolton, 1980: 195.
XIPHOPELTA (junior s y n o n y m of Mesoponera)
Xiphopelta Fortl, 1913a: 108 [as subgenus of Ponera].
Type-species: Ponera (Xiphopelta) arnoldi, by
monotypy. Xiphopelta subgenus of Euponera: Forel,
50 Genus-Group Taxa
1 9 1 7 : 2 3 7 . Xiphopelta j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
Mesoponera: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 7 7 5 . {Mesoponera
j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pachycondyla: B r o w n , in prepara­
tion.] [Hiphopelta: see above.]
XYMMER (junior s y n o n y m of Stigmatomma)
Xymmer Santschi, 1914d: 311 [as subgenus of
Stigmatomma]. Type-species: Stigmatomma (Xymmer)
muticum, by m o n o t y p y . Xymmer raised to genus:
Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 6 4 1 . Xymmer subgenus of
Amblyopone: Clark, 1934b: 2 7 . Xymmer j u n i o r syn­
o n y m of Stigmatomma: B r o w n , 1949c: 8 7 .
[Stigmatomma j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Amblyopone:
Brown, 1960a: 155.]
YAVNELLA (Leptanillinae: Leptanillini)
Yavnella Kugler, J. 1987: 52. Type-species: Yavnella
argamani, by original designation.
ZACRYPTOCERUS (Myrmicinae: Cephalotini)
Zacryptocerus Wheeler, W.M. 191 If: 175 (see also foot­
n o t e ) . Type-species: Cryptocerus clypeatus, by original
designation. [Zacryptocerus Ashmead, 1905b: 384,
nomen nudum. (Based o n a n o n - e x i s t e n t type-spe­
cies: Cryptocerus multistrigus, nomen nudum, attrib­
uted to Smith, F.).] Revision of g e n u s : Kempf, 1 9 5 1 :
134. Zacryptocerus senior s y n o n y m of Hypocryptocerus
a n d Paracryptocerus (and its j u n i o r s y n o n y m s
Cyathomyrmex, Cyathocephalus ( h o m o n y m ) a n d
Harnedia): Kempf, 1 9 7 3 c 4 6 0 .
ZASPHINCTUS (junior s y n o n y m of Sphinctomyrmex)
Zasphinctus Wheeler, W.M. 1918a: 219 [as subgenus of
Eusphinctus]. Type-species: Sphinctomyrmextumeri,
by m o n o t y p y . Zasphinctus provisional j u n i o r syn­
o n y m of Sphinctomyrmex: B r o w n , 1973b: 185.
Zasphinctus j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Sphinctomyrmex:
Brown, 1975:31.
ZATAPINOMA (junior s y n o n y m of Tapinoma)
Zatapinoma Wheeler, W.M. 1928a: 20. Type-species:
Zatapinoma annandalei, by original designation.
Zatapinoma j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Tapinoma: Shattuck,
1992c: 146.
#ZEALLEYELLA (subgenus of Anoplolepis)
Zealleyella Arnold, 1922: 579 (diagnosis in key) [as
subgenus of Plagiolepis]. Type-species: Formica
custodiens, by s u b s e q u e n t designation of Santschi,
1926a: 14. Zealleyella subgenus of Anoplolepis:
Santschi, 1926a: 14. Zealleyella provisional j u n i o r
s y n o n y m of Anoplolepis: B r o w n , 1973b: 185
(unconfirmed).
*ZHERICHINIUS (Donchoderinae)
*Zherichinius DIussky, 1988: 57. Type-species:
*Zherichinius horribilis, by original designation.
 Catalogue of Species-Group Taxa
Names in the genus-group
Names in the genus-group are listed in alphabetical order throughout,
whatever their current status. For data on genus-group names, refer
to the catalogue of genus-group taxa. Typography of genus-group
names used here is as follows:
1. Genus-group names which are currently regarded as valid genera
are listed in BOLD ITALIC CAPITALS and are followed by parenthe­
ses indicating the global distribution of each. Valid names of subgenus
rank are prefixed by the symbol #. Species-group names contained
wiliiin each genus follow immediately in alphabetical order; see notes
below.
2. Genus-group names which are junior synonyms, junior homo­
nyms, or any other category are listed in ITALIC CAPITALS and are
followed b y : "see under ," plus the name in BOLD ITALIC CAPI­
TALS of the currently valid genus where their included species-group
names can be found. For example, the entry for Triglyphothrix, a junior
synonym of Tetramorium, reads "TRIGLYPHOTHRIX: see under
TETRAMORIUM/' indicating that taxa originally described under the
former name can be found under the latter.
N a m e s in t h e species-group
Every published name in the species-group, regardless of its rank and
status, has its own entry and is cross-referred within the catalogue
where necessary. As in previous sections serious misspellings of
names, which may cause confusion, are listed, but simple and obvious
typographical errors are omitted. The object of this catalogue is to be
functional and useful, not to provide an inflated list of typographical
errors for ant names. The following notes indicate the standardised
system used throughout the catalogue.
1. Taxa within each currently recognised genus are listed alphabeti­
cally, regardless of their current status. Fossil forms are preceded by *.
The incorrect appearance of diacritical marks, hyphens, capital letters,
etc., in original descriptions of species-group names are corrected here
in accordance with the rules of the International Code of Zoological No­
menclature (Third Edition, 1985), regardless of h o w the name first
appeared in print.
2. Names with the current rank of species or subspecies are in bold
italic lower case; the two are distinguished by the symbol #, which
precedes all current subspecies-rank names. All other entries (junior
synonyms, junior homonyms, unavailable names, etc.) are in italic
lower case; see note 5, below.
3. Each name entered is immediately followed by its full original
combination together with name(s) of author(s), bibliographical ref­
erence, sex or caste of material included in the original description
(abbreviated in parentheses), and the name of the territory containing
the type-locality (in CAPITALS).
Abbreviations denoting material mentioned in descriptions are as
follows: (s.) = soldier caste or major worker, w h e n appropriate; (w.)
= worker; (q.) = queen; (m.) = male; (1.) = larva; (k.) = karyotype.
Details of type-locality are omitted, primarily because they can be
obtained by reference to the original publication, and secondarily to
economise on space.
4. Immediately following the basic data outlined above is the fol­
lowing supplementary information, w h e n available:
i. References to later descriptions of sexes, castes, etc., not
covered by the original description.
ii. References to changes in genus-group combination of the
species-group name, introduced by "Combination in: ."
iii. References to changes in rank of the species-group name.
iv. References to synonymy and/or homonymy of the species-
group name, whether junior or senior.
v. References to other literature for consultation, introduced by
"See also: ."
vi. List of subspecies-rank names currently attached to a species-
rank name, introduced by "Current subspecies: nominal
plus ," and followed by a list of their names which can be
referred to under their individual headings.
vii. A name originally described in one genus but subsequently
transferred to another, either because the original
combination was incorrect or because of genus-level
synonymy, is listed under its original combination but is
followed by "; see under ." This is followed by the
 currently recognised genus-level combination where full
information may be found. For example in Acromyrmex the
entry for tucumana reads: "tucumana Forel, 1914; see under
TRACHYMYRMEX."
Where a name was originally described in a genus n o w
synonymised but later transferred elsewhere, the genus of the
original combination is quoted in square brackets. Thus in
Atta the entry for malabarica reads: "malabarica Jerdon, 1851
[Oecodoma]; see under PHEIDOLE." This shows that the
original combination was in Oecodoma, that the genus
Oecodoma is n o w recognised as a junior synonym of Atta, but
that the particular species 0. malabarica should be sought
under Pheidole.
In species whose names occur many times in the literature
only critical references in categories ii-iv are recorded. The
reason for this is that a complete list would be very repetitive
and to a large extent sterile and uninformative. For example,
a common name treated as a subspecies by one author
throughout his life, but as a species by another, would show
dozens of pointless entries in category iii. Similarly, frequent
alternations of generic combination would produce a plethora
of information-free entries in category ii.
viii. Some entries in categories i-iv above may show numerous
references in certain taxa. In such cases the first reference is
always the earliest to any particular event. Later references
indicate confirmation or continuity of the decision indicated
by the earliest reference.
5. All names other than those currently valid at species rank or
subspecies rank are in italic lower case.
i. Old terms for ranks treated here as available names with the
rank of subspecies (subsp.) include stirps (st.), race (r.), and
variety (var.); the last only w h e n applied directly to a name of
species rank in an original description. The terms used in the
original descriptions are reproduced in the catalogue, and their
equivalence to subspecies must be borne in mind.
Although subspecies are listed in the catalogue, the reader
should be aware that I am categorically opposed to the use of
this taxonomic rank. Such names appear here only because
time is not available to ascertain their real value. The
uselessness of the subspecies rank was demonstrated by Wilson
& Brown (1953: 97), and most serious myrmecologists
immediately accepted the logic of their arguement.
Unfortunately the taxonomic literature remains clogged with
the infraspecific descriptive excesses of earlier authors, and
even a few recent authors adhere to the sorry practice of
creating subspecies.
ii. Variety names appended to any name of subspecies rank are
infrasubspecific and hence taxonomically unavailable, unless
made available by action of some later author. In such instances
the name becomes available under the authorship and date of
the later author, in accordance with the ICZN rules. Such
names are entered in the catalogue under their first available
usage; the reference to the unavailable original then follows the
first available use in square brackets.
52 Species-Group Taxa
Permanantly unavailable names are stated as such. Where an
earlier author has referred an unavailable name to the
synonymy of an available name, an incorrect procedure as
unavailable names have no status, the phrase "Unavailable
name; material referred to ," followed by available name
plus reference(s), is utilised.
References to unavailable names, other than their original
appearances, are ignored. Similarly, references to originally
available names in an unavailable subsequent context, are
ignored. For instance, the imaginary taxon X-us x-us subsp. y-us
is available. A later reference in the unavailable form X-us x-us
subsp. z-us var. y-us is ignored.
6. Newly detected junior homonyms in the species-group, primary
or secondary, are treated in one of several ways.
i. In genera whose species-level taxonomy is comprehensively
understood, or which have been recently revised, replacement
names for newly detected junior homonyms at species rank are
proposed.
ii. Junior homonyms at species rank in genera whose species-
level taxonomy is not well understood are replaced only if
there is minimal chance of later synonymy of the junior
homonym and its replacement name, and only if the species in
question has no complement of infraspecific taxa. If
infraspecific taxa are present, revisionary work may show one
of these to be available as a replacement name, which would
make redundant any n e w name proposed here. Conversely, if
subsequent taxonomic studies remove the infraspecific taxa
from association with the species in question, proposal of a
replacement name will become necessary at that time.
iii. Replacement names are not proposed for junior homonyms
currently of infraspecific rank. Most infraspecific taxa turn out
to be junior synonyms for which, if homonymous,
replacement names are unnecessary (see iv, below). If on
revision any homonymous infraspecific name is raised to the
rank of species, then a replacement name can be proposed at
that time.
iv. Replacement names are not proposed for junior homonyms
that are currently also junior synonyms. If the name is later
revived from synonymy, then a replacement name can be
proposed at that time.
v. Replacement names are not proposed for junior homonyms in
genera where I know that other workers are currently carrying
out taxonomic studies.
vi. Replacement names are not proposed for junior homonyms
that are unidentifiable to genus and appear in the text as
incertae sedis in any given genus.
W h e n a junior homonym is detected but not replaced, for
any of the above reasons, its entry in the catalogue is followed
by the statement "Unresolved junior primary (or secondary)
homonym."

T h e c a t a l o g u e of s p e c i e s - g r o u p t a x a
ACALAMA: see u n d e r VOLLENHOVIA.
ACAMATUS: see u n d e r NEIVAMYRMEX.
ACANTHIDRIS: see u n d e r RHOPALOTHRIX.
ACANTHOCLINEA: see u n d e r DOLICHODERUS.
ACANTHOGNATHUS (Neotropical)
brevicornis. Acanthognathus brevicomis Smith, M.R.
1944c: 151 (w.q.) PANAMA. See also: B r o w n &
Kempf, 1 9 6 9 : 9 4 .
lentus. Acanthognathus lentus M a n n , 1922: 34, fig. 16
(w.q.) HONDURAS. See also: B r o w n S- Kempf,
1 9 6 9 : 9 5 ; Kempf, 1975a: 4 1 2 .
ocellatus. Acanthognathus ocellatus Mayr, 1887: 579 (w.)
BRAZIL. M a n n , 1 9 1 6 : 4 5 2 (q). See also: B r o w n &
Kempf, 1 9 6 9 : 9 5 .
*poinari. *Acanthognathus poinariBaroni Urbani, in
Baroni Urbani & De A n d r a d e , 1 9 9 4 : 4 1 , figs. 2 0 , 2 1 ,
26, 27 (q.) DOMINICAN AMBER.
rudis. Acanthognathus rudis B r o w n & Kempf, 1969:
100, figs. 1 , 2 , 4 - 1 0 (w.qjn.) BRAZIL. Wheeler, G.C.
& Wheeler, J. 1 9 6 9 : 1 1 0 (1.). See also: Dietz &
B r a n d a o , 1993: 6 8 3 .
stipulosus. Acanthognathus stipulosus B r o w n & Kempf,
1 9 6 9 : 1 0 4 , fig. 3 (w.) BRAZIL.
teledectus. Acanthognathus teledectus B r o w n & Kempf,
1969: 105, fig. 11 (w.) COLOMBIA.
ACANTHOLEPIS: see u n d e r LEPISIOTA.
ACANTHOMYOPS (Nearctic)
arizonicus. Lasius (Acanthomyops) interjectus subsp.
arizonicus Wheeler, W.M. 1917a: 532 (w.) U.S.A.
Wing, 1968: 90 (q.m.). Combination in
Acanthomyops: Creighton, 1950a: 4 3 1 . Raised to spe­
cies: B u r e n , 1950: 184. See also: Wing, 1968: 90.
bureni. Acanthomyops bureniWmg, 1 9 6 8 : 1 3 5 , figs.
1 5 9 - 1 6 7 (w.q.m.) U . S A .
californicus. Lasius (Acanthomyops) interjectus subsp.
califomicus Wheeler, W.M. 1917a: 531 (w.q.) U.S.A.
Wing, 1968: 85 (m.). Combination in Acanthomyops,
a n d subspecies of claviger: Creighton, 1950a: 4 3 0 .
Raised to species: B u r e n , 1 9 5 0 : 1 8 5 . See also: Wing,
1968:85.
capitatus Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1927; see u n d e r
LASIUS.
claviger. Formica clavigera Roger, 1862a: 2 4 1 , pi. 1, fig.
13 (q.) U.S.A. Mayr, 1870b: 950 (w.m.); W h e e l e r
G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1953c: 155 (1.). Combination in
Acanthomyops: Mayr, 1 8 6 2 : 7 0 0 ; in Lasius: Mayr,
1870b: 950; in Lasius (Acanthomyops): Emery, 1893i:
642; in Acanthomyops: Donisthorpe, 1916c: 2 7 6 .
Senior s y n o n y m of parvula: Wing, 1968: 67. See
also: Creighton, 1950a: 4 2 9 ; Regnier & Wilson,
1968: 955; Smith, D.R. 1 9 7 9 : 1 4 4 0 .
clavigeroides. Lasius (Acanthomyops) clavigeroides Buren,
1 9 4 2 : 4 0 6 (w.q.m.) U.S.A. Subspecies of subglaber:
B u r e n , 1950: 185. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of subglaber:
Creighton, 1950a: 4 3 3 .
colei. Acanthomyops colei Wing, 1968: 88, figs. 6 4 - 6 7
(w.m.) U.S.A.
coloradensis. Lasius (Acanthomyops) interjectus subsp.
coloradensis Wheeler, W.M. 1917a: 532 (w.q.m.)
U.S.A. Combination in Acanthomyops, a n d subspe­
cies of claviger: Creighton, 1950a: 4 2 9 . Raised t o spe­
cies: Buren, 1950: 185. See also: Wing, 1968: 7 8 .
creightoni. Acanthomyops creightoniWmg, 1968:141,
figs. 1 7 7 - 1 8 5 (w.q.m.) U.S.A.
edwardsi Donisthorpe, 1933; see u n d e r
LASIOPHANES.
flavidus Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1927; see u n d e r LASIUS.
hingstoni Donisthorpe, 1929; see u n d e r LASIUS.
interjectus. Lasius interjectus Mayr, 1866b: 888, pi. 20,
fig. 3 (q.) U.S.A. Emery, 1893i: 642 (w.); Wing,
1968: 93 (m.); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1953c:
156 (1.). Combination in Lasius (Acanthomyops):
Emery, 1893i: 642; Wheeler, W.M. 1917a: 5 3 1 ; in
Acanthomyops: Creighton, 1950a: 4 3 0 . See also:
W m g , 1968: 92; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1 4 4 1 .
kashmirensis Donisthorpe, 1930; see u n d e r LASHJS.
kosswigi Donisthorpe, 1950; see u n d e r PROFORMICA.
latipes. Formica latipes Walsh, 1 8 6 3 : 3 1 1 (w.q.m.)
U.S.A. Combination in Lasius: Mayr, 1866b: 889; in
Lasius (Acanthomyops): Emery, 1893i: 642; in
Acanthomyops: Creighton, 1950a: 4 3 1 . See also:
Wheeler, W.M. & McClendon, 1 9 0 3 : 1 4 9 ; Wing,
1968: 98; Smith, D.R. 1 9 7 9 : 1 4 4 1 .
mexicanus. Lasius (Acanthomyops) interjectus subsp.
mexicanus Wheeler, W.M. 1914b: 55 (w.q.m.) MEX­
ICO. Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1970: 6 4 8 (1.).
Combination in Acanthomyops: Wing, 1968: 146.
Raised to species: B u r e n , 1 9 5 0 : 1 8 5 .
murphyi. Lasius (Acanthomyops) murphii Forel, 1901e:
367 (w.q.m.) U.S.A. [Justified e m e n d a t i o n of spell­
ing to murphyi: Wheeler, W.M. 1905f: 398.] Combi­
n a t i o n in Acanthomyops: Creighton, 1950a: 4 3 1 . See
also: Wing, 1 9 6 8 : 1 1 3 .
negrensis Donisthorpe, 1933; see u n d e r
LASIOPHANES.
nigrobrunneus Donisthorpe, 1926; see u n d e r LASIUS.
nitidus Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1927; see u n d e r LASIUS.
occidentalis. Lasius (Acanthomyops) occidentalis
Wheeler, W.M. 1909e: 83 (w.q.m.) U.S.A. Combina­
tion in Acanthomyops: Creighton, 1950a: 4 3 2 . See
also: Wing, 1 9 6 8 : 1 4 3 .
parvula. Lasius (Acanthomyops) parvula Smith, M.R.
1 9 3 4 b : 2 1 3 (w.) U.S.A. Combination in
Acanthomyops: Creighton, 1950a: 4 3 2 . J u n i o r syn­
o n y m of claviger: Wing, 1968: 6 7 .
pilicornis Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1927; see u n d e r
LASIUS.
plumopilosus. Lasius (Acanthomyops) plumopilosus
Buren, 1 9 4 1 : 2 3 1 , fig. 1 (w.q.m.) U.S.A. Combina­
tion in Acanthomyops: Creighton, 1950a: 4 3 3 . See
also: Wing, 1 9 6 8 : 1 3 2 .
pogonogynus. Lasius (Acanthomyops) pogonogynus
B u r e n , 1 9 5 0 : 1 8 6 (w.q.) U.S.A. C o m b i n a t i o n i n
Acanthomyops:Y^n\g, 1 9 6 8 : 1 1 7 . [According t o Wing
(1968: 117) pogonogynus is a n A. murphyiXA. latipes
hybrid; t h e n a m e is not, however, formally syn-
onymised.]
pubescens. Lasius (Acanthomyops) pubescens Buren,
1 9 4 2 : 4 0 5 (w.q.) U.S.A. C o m b i n a t i o n i n
Acanthomyops: Creighton, 1950a: 4 3 3 . See also:
Wing, 1968: 138.
rufoniger Donisthorpe, 1933; see u n d e r
LASIOPHANES.
subglaber. Lasius (Acanthomyops) subglaber Emery,
1893i: 642 (w.q.m.) U.S.A. Wheeler, G.C. &
Wheeler, J. 1953c: 155 (1.). C o m b i n a t i o n i n
Acanthomyops, a n d senior s y n o n y m of clavigeroides:
Creighton, 1950a: 4 3 3 . See also: B u r e n , 1950: 185;
Wing, 1968: 1 2 1 .
turkmenus Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1927; see u n d e r
LASIUS.
ACANTHOMYRMEX (Oriental, Indo-Australian)
basispinosus. Acanthomyrmex basispinosus Moff ett,
1986c: 67, figs. 8A, 9 - 1 4 (s.w.) SULAWESI.
careoscrobis. Acanthomyrmex careoscrobis Moff ett,
1986c: 78, figs. 39A, 4 0 - 4 3 (w.) BORNEO.
concavus. Acanthomyrmex concavus Moff ett, 1986c: 80,
figs, 39B-C, 44-^17 (w.) BORNEO.
crassispinus. Acanthomyrmex crassispina Wheeler, W.M.
1930a: 1 0 1 , fig. 2 (w.) TAIWAN. Moffett, 1986c: 69
(s.).
dusun. Acanthomyrmex dusun Wheeler, W.M. 1919e:
89 (s.) BORNEO. See also: Moffett, 1986c: 70.
dyak. Acanthomyrmex ayafe Wheeler, W.M. 1919e: 86
(s.w.) BORNEO. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of ferox: Moffett,
1986c: 70.
ferox. AcanthomyrmexferoxEmexy, 1 8 9 3 f : 2 4 5 (foot­
n o t e ) , pi. 6, fig. 11 (w.) WEST MALAYSIA. Moffett,
1986c: 72 (s.q.m.). Senior s y n o n y m of dyak:
Moffett, 1986c: 70. See also: Moffett, 1985a: 165.
foveolatus. Acanthomyrmexfoveolatus Moffett, 1986c:
82, figs. 39D, 4 8 - 5 0 (s.) BORNEO.
kochi Emery, 1911; see u n d e r PHEIDOLE.
laevis. Acanthomyrmex laevis Moffett, 1986c: 76, figs.
8F, 2 9 - 3 2 (w.) WEST MALAYSIA.
luciolae. Acanthomyrmex luciolae Emery, 1893a: cclxxvi
(s.w.) SRI LANKA. [Also described as n e w by
Emery, 1893f:245.] See also: Moffett, 1986c: 76.
mindanao. Acanthomyrmex mindanao Moffett, 1986c:
82, figs. 39E, 5 1 - 5 6 (s.w.) PHILIPPINES.
notabilis. Pheidole notabilis Smith, F. 1860b: 111, pL 1,
figs. 3 , 4 (s.w.) INDONESIA (BatjanL). Wheeler,
G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1983: 606 (1.). Combination in
Acanthomyrmex: Emery, 1893a: cclxxvi. See also:
Moffett, 1985a: 165; Moffett, 1986c: 86.
ACANTHOPONERA (Neotropical)
aurea Forel, 1913; see u n d e r HETEROPONERA.
crassa. Acanthoponera crassa B r o w n , 1958g: 2 5 5 , fig. 10
(w.) ECUADOR. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of minor: Kempf &
Brown, 1968:90.
goeldii. Acanthoponeragoeldii Forel, 1912c: 34 (w.)
BRAZIL.
goyana. Acanthoponera goeldii subsp. goyana Borgmeier,
1 9 3 9 : 4 1 8 (w.) BRAZIL. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of
mucronata: B r o w n , 1958g: 194.
imbellis Emery, 1895; see u n d e r HETEROPONERA.
kirki Wheeler, W.M. 1923; see u n d e r
HETEROPONERA.
Species-Group Taxa 53
ACANTHOPONERA (continued)
leae Wheeler, W.M. 1923; see u n d e r
HETEROPONERA.
minor. Ectatomma (Acanthoponera) mucronatum var.
minor Forel, 1899c: 9 (w.) MEXICO. [Acanthoponera
minor Emery, 1896g: 3 3 . Nomen nudum, attributed
to Forel.] Combination in Acanthoponera: Emery,
191 Id: 36. Raised to species, a n d senior s y n o n y m of
schwarziand spininodis:Brown, 1958g: 194. Senior
s y n o n y m of crassa: Kempf & B r o w n , 1 9 6 8 : 9 0 .
mucronata. Ponera mucronata Roger, 1 8 6 0 : 2 9 9 (q.)
BRAZIL.Mayr, 1862: 733 (w.). C o m b i n a t i o n i n
Ectatomma (Acanthoponera): Mayr, 1862: 7 3 3 ; in
Acanthoponera: Emery, 191 Id: 36. Senior s y n o n y m
of goyana, plaumanni a n d wagneri: B r o w n , 19 58g:
194.
nigra Clark, 1930; see u n d e r HETEROPONERA.
occidentalis Clark, 1926; see u n d e r HETEROPONERA.
peruviana. Acanthoponera peruviana B r o w n , 1958g:
254, figs. 6,7 (w.) PERU.
plaumanni. Acanthoponera plaumanni Donisthorpe,
1938a: 140 (w.) BRAZIL. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of
mucronata: B r o w n , 1958g: 194.
reichenspergeri Santschi, 1929; see u n d e r
GNAMPTOGENYS.
scabra Wheeler, W.M. 1923; see u n d e r
HETEROPONERA.
schwarzi. Acanthoponera goeldii subsp. schwarzi Wheeler,
W.M. 1923e: 188, fig. 5 (w.) GUATEMALA. J u n i o r
s y n o n y m of minor: B r o w n , 1958g: 194.
schwebeli Luederwaldt, 1918; see u n d e r
HETEROPONERA.
spininodis. Acanthoponera (Acanthoponera) spininodis
Weber, 1939a: 97, fig. 2 (w.) TRINIDAD. J u n i o r syn­
o n y m of minor: B r o w n , 1958g: 194.
wagneri. Acanthoponera mucronata var. wagneri
Santschi, 1921g: 8 4 (w.) ARGENTINA. J u n i o r syn­
o n y m of mucronata: B r o w n , 1958g: 194.
ACANTHOSTICHUS (Neotropical, s o u t h e r n Nearctic)
afflictus Gallardo, 1919; see u n d e r N O M A M Y R M E X
brevicornis. Acanthostichus brevicornis Emery, 1894c:
142 (w.) FRENCH GUIANA. Senior s y n o n y m of
ramosmexiae: Kusnezov, 1962a: 130.
femoralis. Acanthostichus femoralis Kusnezov, 1962a:
126, figs. 2, 3 (w.) ARGENTINA.
fuscipennis. Acanthostichus fuscipennis Emery, 1895j:
752, pi. 17, fig. 13 (m.) BRAZIL.
kirbyi. Acanthostichus kirbyi Emery, 1895j: 7 5 1 , fig.
OO.B (w.) PARAGUAY.
laticornis. Acanthostichus laticornis Forel, 1908c: 345
(w.) PARAGUAY. Santschi, 1933e: 106 (m.). Senior
s y n o n y m of obscuridens: Kusnezov, 1962a: 1 3 1 .
niger. Acanthostichus serratulus var. niger Santschi,
1933e: 105 (q.) ARGENTINA. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of
serratulus: Kusnezov, 1962a: 132. Revived from syn­
o n y m y and raised to species: B r o w n , 1975: 42.
obscuridens. Acanthostichus laticornis var. obscuridens
Santschi, 1934c: 23 (w.) ARGENTINA. Bruch,
1934a: 4 (q.m.). J u n i o r s y n o n y m of laticornis:
Kusnezov, 1962a: 1 3 1 .
quadratus. Acanthostichus quadrants Emery, 1895J:
750, fig. OO.A; pi. 16, figs. 5, 6; pi. 17, fig. 12 (w.q.)
BOLIVIA.
54 Species-Group Taxa
ramosmexiae. Acanthostichus ramosmexiae Bruch, 1924b:
260, fig. (w.) ARGENTINA. Bruch, 1925a: 110
(m.l.). J u n i o r s y n o n y m of brevicornis: Kusnezov,
1962a: 130.
sanchezorum. Acanthostichus sanchezorum MacKay,
1985: 128, figs. 1-5 (w.) COLOMBIA.
serratulus. Typhlopone sen alula Smith, F. 1858b: 111
(w.) BRAZIL. Mayr, 1887: 551 (m.); Emery, 1899c:
6 (L). Combination in Acanthostichus: Mayr, 1887:
549. See also: Gallardo, 1918b: 9.
skwarrae. Acanthostichus skwarrae Wheeler, W.M.
1934g: 161 (w.) MEXICO.
texanus. Acanthostichus texanus Forel, 1904d: 168 (q.)
U.S.A. Combination in Acanthostichus (Ctenopyga):
Emery, 191 I d : 14; in Ctenopyga:Brown, 1975:42.
Senior s y n o n y m of townsendi: Smith, M.R. 1955a:
49.
townsendi. Ctenopyga townsendi Ashmead, 1906: 29, fig.
4 (q.m.) MEXICO. Combination in Acanthostichus
(Ctenopyga): Emery, 191 Id: 14. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of
texanus: Smith, M.R. 1955a: 4 9 .
ACHANTILEPIS: see u n d e r LEPISIOTA.
ACIDOMYRMEX: see u n d e r RHOPTROMYRMEX.
ACROCOELIA: see u n d e r CREMATOGASTER.
ACROMYRMEX (Neotropical, s o u t h e r n Nearctic)
affinis. Acromyrmex aspersus var. affinis Santschi, 1925a:
369 (w.) BRAZIL. Stirps of aspersus: Santschi, 1925d:
2 4 3 . J u n i o r s y n o n y m of aspersus: Goncalves, 1 9 6 1 :
132.
tiajax.Atta (Acromyrmex) emilii var. fl/ax Forel, 1909b:
58 (w.) "GUINEA" (in error; in text Forel states
"probablement d u Bresil"). Variety of hystrix:
Santschi, 1925a: 358.
ambiguus. Atta (Acromyrmex) lundi var. ambigua
Emery, 1888c: 358 (w.) BRAZIL. Gometal, 1983:
365 (k.). Combination in Acromyrmex: Bruch, 1914:
2 1 6 . Raised to species: Emery, 1905c: 50. Senior
s y n o n y m of erectus: Goncalves, 1 9 6 1 : 1 3 1 .
#andicola. Acromyrmex moelleri subsp. andicola Emery,
1922f: 349 (w.) ECUADOR. [First available use of
Atta (Acromyrmex) moelleri St. modesta var. andicola
Emery, 1905c: 4 5 ; unavailable n a m e . ] Subspecies of
coronatus: Santschi, 1925a: 366; Santschi, 1925d:
239; Kempf, 1972a: 1 1 .
angustata. Atta (Acromyrmex) moelleri subsp. panamensis
var.angustata Forel, 1 9 0 8 b : 4 1 (w.q.) COSTARICA.
Unavailable n a m e .
aspersus. Oecodoma aspersa Smith, F. 1858b: 185, pi.
10, fig. 17 (q.) BRAZIL. Emery, 1905c: 49 (w.m.).
Combination in Atta: Roger, 1863b: 35; mAtta
(Acromyrmex): Forel, 1893e: 590; in. Acromyrmex:
Gallardo, 1916d: 3 2 8 . J u n i o r s y n o n y m of
octospinosa:Forel, 1893e: 590. Revived from synon­
ymy: Emery, 1905c: 4 8 . Senior s y n o n y m of affinis,
inquirens a n d mesonotalis, a n d material of t h e
unavailable n a m e clarus referred h e r e : Goncalves,
1 9 6 1 : 1 3 2 . Current subspecies: n o m i n a l plus
fuhrmanni.
atratus. Acromyrmex hispidusst. atratus Santschi, 1925a:
376 (w.q.) ARGENTINA. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of
crassispinus: Goncalves, 1 9 6 1 : 139.
balzani. Atta (Acromyrmex) balzaniEmery, 1890a: 67
(footnote) (w.) PARAGUAY. Combination in Atta
(Moellerius): Forel, I 8 9 3 e : 589; in Acromyrmex
(Moellerius): Santschi, 1916e: 389; Gallardo, 1916d:
334. Subspecies of landolti: Goncalves, 1 9 6 1 : 124;
Kempf, 1972a: 15. Revived status as species:
Fowler, 1988: 284. Senior s y n o n y m of gallardoi:
Santschi, 1922b: 362; of nivalis: Fowler, 1988: 284;
of parens: Goncalves, 1 9 6 1 : 124. Current subspecies:
n o m i n a l plus multituber.
bigener. Acromyrmex rugosus St. bigener Santschi, 1925d:
243 (w.q.m.) BRASJX. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of rugosus:
Goncalves, 1 9 6 1 : 159.
biscutatus. Formica biscutata F a b r i d u s , 1775: 3 9 4 (q.)
FRENCH GUIANA. Combination in Atta: Fabridus,
1 8 0 4 : 4 2 2 . Incertae sedis in Acromyrmex: Kempf,
1972a: 16.
#boliviensis. Atta (Acromyrmex) boliviensis Emery, 1905c:
51, fig. 19 (w.m.) BOLIVIA. Combination in
Acromyrmex: Santschi, 1 9 I 6 e : 386. Subspedes of
lundii: Santschi, 1916e: 386; Kempf, 1972a: 13.
bonariensis. Atta (Acromyrmex) pubescens var. bonariensis
Emery, 1905c: 52 (w.) ARGENTINA. Combination
in Acromyrmex: Bruch, 1914: 2 1 6 . Variety/stirps of
lundii:Bruch, 1914: 216; Santschi, 1925a: 385.
J u n i o r s y n o n y m of lundii: Gallardo, 1916d: 3 3 1 ;
Goncalves, 1 9 6 1 : 150.
#bruchi. Atta (Moellerius) silvestriir. bruchiEorel, 1912e:
180 (w.) ARGENTINA. Forel, 19131: 236 (q.m.).
Combination in Acromyrmex (Moellerius): Forel,
19131:236. M a i n t a i n e d as subspedes of silvestrii:
Emery, 1922f: 3 5 1 ; Kempf, 1972a: 16.
Hbrunneus. Atta (Acromyrmex) subterranea var. brunnea
Forel, 1912e: 181 (w.q.m.) BRAZIL. [First available
use of Atta (Acromyrmex) coronata subsp. subterranea
var. brunnea Forel, 1911c: 2 9 1 ; unavailable n a m e . ]
[Unresolved j u n i o r p r i m a r y h o m o n y m of Atta
brunnea Pattern, 1894: 618 ( n o w in Odontomachus).]
Combination in Acromyrmex: Luederwaldt, 1918:
39. S u b s p e d e s of subterraneus: Goncalves, 1 9 6 1 :
167; Kempf, 1972a: 15.
bucki. Acromyrmex bucki W a s m a n n , 1 9 3 1 : 1 0 6 (w.)
BRAZIL. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of lobicomis: Goncalves,
1961: 148.
#carli. Acromyrmex lundi subsp. carli Goncalves, 1 9 6 1 :
152 (w.) MEXICO. [First available use of
Acromyrmex lundi St. pubescens var. carli Santschi,
1925a: 385; unavailable n a m e . ]
chacoensis. Acromyrmex lundi st. pubescens var. chacoensis
Santschi, 1916e: 387 (w.) ARGENTINA. Unavail­
able n a m e .
tichisosensis. Atta (Moellerius) versicolor subsp. chisosensis
Wheeler, W.M. 1907c: 705 (w.) U.S.A. Combination
in Acromyrmex: Emery, 1922f: 3 5 1 .
clarus. Acromyrmex aspersus st. mesonotalis var. clarus
Santschi, 1925d: 243 (w.) BRAZIL. Unavailable
n a m e ; material referred to aspersus by Goncalves,
1961: 132.
cloosae.Atta (Moellerius) landolti r. cloosae Forel, 1912e:
179 (w.) COLOMBIA. Combination in Acromyrmex
(Moellerius): Emery, 1922f: 3 5 1 . J u n i o r s y n o n y m of
landolti: Fowler, 1 9 8 8 : 2 8 8 .
#cochlearis. Acromyrmex lobicornis var. cochlearis
Santschi, 1933e: 120 (w.) ARGENTINA.
 corallina. Acromyrmex lundi st. decolor var. corallina
Santschi, 1919f: 51 (w.) ARGENTINA. Unavailable
name.
cordovana Bruch, 1921; see u n d e r TRACHYMYRMEX.
coronatus. Formica coronata Fabridus, 1 8 0 4 : 4 1 3 (q.)
SOUTH AMERICA. Forel, 1885a: 356 (w.). Combi­
n a t i o n in Atta: Roger, 1863b: 35; in Atta
(Acromyrmex): Forel, 1885a: 355; in Acromyrmex:
Bruch, 1914: 216. Subspedes of hystrix: Forel,
1885a: 355. Revived status as s p e d e s : Dalla Torre,
1893: 152. Senior s y n o n y m of: meinerti, modesta,
moelleri a n d ochraceolus, and material of t h e unavail­
able n a m e s flavescens, medianus, obscurior a n d omatus
referred h e r e : Goncalves, 1 9 6 1 : 135. Current sub­
spedes: nominal plus andicola, globoculis, importunus,
panamensis, rectispinus.
crassispinus. Atta (Acromyrmex) mesonotalis var.
crassispina Forel, 1909a: 257 (w.) PARAGUAY.
Santschi, 1925a: 374 (q.). C o m b i n a t i o n i n
Acromyrmex: Emery, 1922f: 349. Subspedes of
mesonotalis: Forel, 1914e: 1 1 . Raised to s p e d e s :
Santschi, 1925a: 374. Senior s y n o n y m of: atratus,
diabolica, insularis, mediocris a n d rusticus, a n d m a t e ­
rial of t h e unavailable n a m e rufescens referred h e r e :
Goncalves, 1 9 6 1 : 139.
ttcubanus. Acromyrmex octospinosus subsp. cubanus
Wheeler, W.M. 1937c: 74 (s.) CUBA.
#decolor. Atta (Acromyrmex) pubescens subsp. decolor
Emery, 1905c: 52 (w.) PARAGUAY. C o m b i n a t i o n i n
Acromyrmex, a n d s u b s p e d e s of lundii: Bruch, 1914:
216.
depressoculis. Acromyrmex subterranea var. depressoculis
Forel, 19131: 237 (w.) BRAZIL. Stirps olmuticinoda:
Santschi, 1925a: 3 7 1 . J u n i o r s y n o n y m of
muticinoda: Goncalves, 1961: 153.
diabolica. Acromyrmex nigrosetosa var. diabolica Santschi,
1922b: 362 (w.) BRAZIL. Santschi, 1925d: 240 (m.).
Stirps of crassispinus: Santschi, 1925a: 375. Raised to
spedes: Santschi, 1925d: 240. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of
crassispinus: Goncalves, 1 9 6 1 : 139.
diasi. Acromyrmex (Acromyrmex) diasi Goncalves,
1983a: 4 8 5 , fig. 1 (w.q.m.) BRAZIL.
dimidiata. Atta (Acromyrmex) aspersa subsp. dimidiata
Forel, 1911c: 292 (w.m.) BRAZIL. C o m b i n a t i o n i n
Acromyrmex: Emery, 1922f: 348. Stirps of dimidiata:
Santschi, 1925a: 392. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of
nigrosetosus: Goncalves, 1 9 6 1 : 1 4 6 .
disciger. Atta discigera Mayr, 1887: 551 (w.q.m.) BRA­
ZIL. Combination in Atta (Acromyrmex): Forel,
1893e: 590; in Acromyrmex: Luederwaldt, 1918: 38.
See also: Goncalves, 1 9 6 1 : 1 4 1 .
dubia. Atta (Acromyrmex) laticeps var. dubia Forel,
1908c: 350 (w.) BRAZIL. C o m b i n a t i o n i n
Acromyrmex: Emery, 1922f: 349. Variety of lundii:
Santschi, 1925a: 3 8 5 . J u n i o r s y n o n y m of lundii:
Goncalves, 1 9 6 1 : 150.
#echinatior. Atta (Acromyrmex) octospinosa var. echinatior
Forel, 1899c: 34 (w.q.) MEXICO. Wheeler, W.M.
1937c: 72 (m.). Combination in Acromyrmex: Emery,
1922f: 350. Subspedes of octospinosus: Wheeler,
W.M. 1937c: 7 1 .
eidmanni. Acromyrmex (Acromyrmex) subterraneus var.
eidmanni Santschi, 1937f: 232, figs. 1, 6 (w.q.m.)
BRAZIL. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of molestans: Goncalves,
1961: 168.
#ekchuah. Acromyrmex octospinosus subsp. ekchuah
Wheeler, W.M. 1937c: 73 (s.) MEXICO.
emilii.Atta (Acromyrmex) emilii Forel, 1904c: 32 (w.)
BRAZIL. Wheeler, G.C. 1 9 4 9 : 6 7 5 (1.). Combination
in Acromyrmex: M a n n , 1 9 1 6 : 4 5 4 . J u n i o r s y n o n y m
of hystrix: Santschi, 1925a: 357.
erectus. Acromyrmex ambiguus var. erectus Santschi,
1925a: 384, fig. 2 (w.) BRAZIL. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of
ambiguus: Goncalves, 1 9 6 1 : 131.
evenkul. Acromyrmex evenkul n e w n a m e . Replace­
m e n t n a m e for Acromyrmexgallardoi Santschi,
1936d: 4 1 1 . [Junior secondary h o m o n y m of
Sericomyrmex gallardoi Santschi, 1920d: 379.]
t#allax. Acromyrmex hispidus var. fallax Santschi, 1925a:
377 (w.) ARGENTINA. S u b s p e d e s of hispidus:
Goncalves, 1 9 6 1 : 142; Kempf, 1972a: 12.
ttferrugineus. Atta (Acromyrmex) lobicomis var. ferruginea
Emery, 1905c: 52 (w.) BRAZIL. C o m b i n a t i o n i n
Acromyrmex: Bruch, 1914: 216.
flavescens. Acromyrmex coronatus st. andicola var.
flavescens Santschi, 1925d: 239 (w.) BRAZIL.
Unavailable n a m e ; material referred to coronatus by
Goncalves, 1 9 6 1 : 135.
#formosus. Acromyrmex hispidus st. formosus Santschi,
1925a: 377 (w.) ARGENTINA.
fracticornis. Atta (Moellerius) fracticornis Forel, 1909a:
2 5 7 (w.) PARAGUAY. Fowler, 1 9 8 8 : 2 8 6 (m.). Com­
bination in Acromyrmex (Moellerius): Forel, 19131:
236. S u b s p e d e s of landolti, and senior s y n o n y m of
jorgenseni: Goncalves, 1 9 6 1 : 126; Kempf, 1972a: 16.
Revived status as s p e d e s : Fowler, 1 9 8 8 : 2 8 6 .
#fuhrmanni. Atta (Acromyrmex) mesonotalis var.
fuhrmanniForel, 1914e: 10 (w.) COLOMBIA. Com­
bination in Acromyrmex: Emery, 1922f: 349. Variety
of aspersus: Santschi, 1925a: 369.
gaigei Forel, 1914; see u n d e r TRACHYMYRMEX.
gallardoi. Sericomyrmex gallardoi Santschi, 1920d: 379
(w.) PARAGUAY. Combination in Acromyrmej:, a n d
j u n i o r s y n o n y m of balzani: Santschi, 1922b: 362.
gallardoi. Acromyrmex gallardoi Santschi, 1936d: 4 1 1
(w.q.m.) ARGENTINA. [Junior secondary h o m ­
o n y m of Sericomyrmex gallardoi Santschi, above.] Re­
placement n a m e : evenkul n e w n a m e .
garbei. Acromyrmex laticeps st.garbei Santschi, 1925a:
381 (w.) BRAZIL. Stirps of nigrosetosus: Santschi,
1925b: 18 (also described as n e w in this publica­
tion). J u n i o r s y n o n y m of nigrosetosus: Goncalves,
1961: 146.
gaudens. Acromyrmex (Moellerius) heyeri var. gaudens
Santschi, 1925e: 164 (w.) ARGENTINA. J u n i o r syn­
o n y m of heyeri: Fowler, 1988: 287.
^globoculis. Acromyrmex coronatus subsp. globoculis
Kempf, 1972a: 11 (w.) GUIANA. [First available use
of Acromyrmex moelleri r. meinerti var. globoculis Forel,
1 9 1 6 : 4 2 9 ; unavailable n a m e . ] Weber, 1 9 3 7 : 4 0 8
<q->-
guentheri. Atta (Acromyrmex) guentheriForel, 1893e:
594 (s.w.q.m.) TRINIDAD. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of
octospinosus: Emery, 1894c: 220.
heyeri. Atta (Moellerius) heyeri Forel, 1899c: 31 (foot­
note) (s.w.) BRAZIL. Emery, 1905c: 4 3 (q.m.);
Bruch, 1 9 2 1 : 1 9 9 (q.m.); Gonirtal. 1983: 365 (k.).
Combination in Acromyrmex: Bruch, 1914: 2 1 7 .
Senior s y n o n y m of gaudens a n d lillensis: Fowler,
1988: 287. See also: Goncalves, 1 9 6 1 : 1 2 7 .
hispidus. Acromyrmex hispidus Santschi, 1925a: 376
(w.) BOLIVIA. Zolessi 6- A b e n a n t e , 1974: 154
(q.m.); Gometal, 1983: 365 (k.). Current subspe­
d e s : n o m i n a l plus fallax, formosus.
homalops. Atta (Acromyrmex) muticinoda var. homalops
Emery, 1905c: 47, figs. 10, 11 (w.m.) BRAZIL. Com­
bination in Acromyrmex: Luederwaldt, 1918: 38. Sub­
s p e d e s of coronatus: Forel, 1911c: 2 9 1 ; of muticinoda:
Santschi, 1925a: 370. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of
muticinoda: Goncalves, 1 9 6 1 : 1 5 3 .
hortulanus. Acromyrmex laticeps var. hortulanus Santschi,
1925a: 381 (w.) URUGUAY. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of
laticeps: Goncalves, 1961: 144.
hystrix. Formica hystrix Latreille, 1802c: 230, pi. 10, fig.
61 (w.) FRENCH GUIANA. Emery, 1888c: 357 (m.).
Combination in Atta: Haliday, 1836: 328;inAff«
(Acromyrmex): Mayr, 1865: 83; in Acromyrmex:
Santschi, 1925a: 357. Subspedes of octospinosus:
Forel, 1893e: 590; Emery, 1894c: 220. J u n i o r syn­
o n y m of octospinosus: Emery, 1922f: 350. Revived
from synonymy, revived status as spedes, and
senior s y n o n y m of emilii: Santschi, 1925a: 357. See
also: Goncalves, 1 9 6 1 : 143. Current subspedes:
n o m i n a l plus ajax.
^importunus. Acromyrmex coronatus st. importunus
Santschi, 1925a: 362 (w.) COSTARICA.
inquirens. Atta (Acromyrmex) mesonotalis var. inquirens
Forel, 1914e: 11 (w.) BRAZIL. C o m b i n a t i o n i n
Acromyrmex: Emery, 1922f: 349. Variety of aspersus:
Santschi, 1925a: 368. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of aspersus:
Goncalves, 1 9 6 1 : 132.
insularis. Acromyrmex aspersus var. insularis Santschi,
1925d: 242 (w.) BRAZIL. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of
crassispinus: Goncalves, 1 9 6 1 : 139.
#inti. Acromyrmex octospinosus subsp. inti Wheeler, W.M.
1937c: 72 (s.) PERU.
jorgenseni. Acromyrmex (Moellerius) fracticornis var.
jorgenseni Forel, 19131: 236 (w.q.) ARGENTINA.
Bruch, 1916: 325 (m.). J u n i o r s y n o n y m of
fracticornis: Goncalves, 1961: 126.
laeviventris. Acromyrmex (Moellerius) striatus var.
laeviventris Santschi, 1925a: 388 (w.) ARGENTINA.
[First available use of Acromyrmex (Moellerius) striatus
st. silvestrii var. laeviventris Santschi, 1920d: 380;
unavailable n a m e . ] J u n i o r s y n o n y m of striatus:
Fowler, 1 9 8 8 : 2 9 0 .
landolti. Atta (Acromyrmex) landolti Forel, 1885a: 357
(w.) COLOMBIA. Forel, 1911c: 293 (q.). Combina­
tion in Atta (Moellerius): Forel, 1893e: 589; in
Acromyrmex (Moellerius): M a n n , 1 9 1 6 : 4 5 3 . Senior
s y n o n y m of senex: Goncalves, 1 9 6 1 : 120; of cloosae
a n d planorum: Fowler, 1988: 2 8 8 . Current subspe­
d e s : n o m i n a l plus myersi.
laticeps. Atta (Acromyrmex) laticeps Emery, 1905c: 50,
figs. 16, 17 (w.q.m.) BRAZIL. C o m b i n a t i o n i n
Acromyrmex: Emery, 1922f: 349. Senior s y n o n y m of
hortulanus: Goncalves, 1 9 6 1 : 1 4 4 . Current subspe­
d e s : n o m i n a l plus nigrosetosus.
lillensis. Acromyrmex (Moellerius) heyeri var. lillensis
Santschi, 1925e: 165 (w.) ARGENTINA. J u n i o r syn­
o n y m of heyeri: Fowler, 1988: 287.
lobicomis. Atta (Acromyrmex) lobicomis Emery, 1888c:
358 (w.) BRAZIL. Emery, 1905c: 52 (q.m.). Combi­
n a t i o n in Acromyrmex: Bruch, 1914: 216. [Incor­
r e d l y recorded from Ivory Coast: Santschi, 1928f:
Species-Group Taxa 55
ACROMYREX (continued)
209.] Senior s y n o n y m of bucki a n d rufidens:
Goncalves, 1 9 6 1 : 1 4 8 . Current s u b s p e d e s : n o m i n a l
plus cochlearis, ferrugineus, pencosensis, pruinosior.
lundii. Myrmica lundii Guerin-Meneville, 1838: 206
(q.m.) BRAZIL. Roger, 1863a: 2 0 1 (w.); Forel,
1885a: 356 (w.); Wheeler, G.C. 1949: 675 (1.). Com­
bination in Atta: Roger, 1863a: 200; in Atta
(Acromyrmex): Forel, 1885a: 356; in Acromyrmex:
Forel, 19131: 237. Senior s y n o n y m of bonariensis:
Gallardo, 1916d: 331; of risii: Santschi, 1925a: 384;
of dubia: Goncalves, 1 9 6 1 : 1 5 0 . See also: Bruch,
1 9 2 1 : 1 9 2 . Current s u b s p e d e s : n o m i n a l plus
boliviensis, carli, decolor, parallelus. pubescens.
medianus. Acromyrmex coronatus st. andicola var.
medianus Santschi, 1925a: 367 (w.) BRAZIL.
Unavailable n a m e ; material referred to coronatus by
Goncalves, 1 9 6 1 : 1 3 5 .
mediocris. Acromyrmex diabolicus var. mediocris Santschi,
1925d: 2 4 1 (w.) BRAZIL. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of
crassispinus: Goncalves, 1 9 6 1 : 1 3 9 .
meinerti. Atta (Acromyrmex) moelleri st. meinerti Forel,
1893e: 599 (q.) BRAZIL. Emery, 1905c: 45 (w.);
Santschi, 1925a: 364 (w.). C o m b i n a t i o n i n
Acromyrmex: Forel, 1 9 1 6 : 4 2 9 . Stirps of coronatus:
Santschi, 1925a: 364. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of coronatus:
Goncalves, 1 9 6 1 : 135.
mesonotalis. Atta (Acromyrmex) mesonotalis Emery,
1905c: 4 6 , fig. 8 (w.) PERU. Combination in
Acromyrmex: Luederwaldt, 1918: 3 8 . Stirps of
aspersus: Santschi, 1925d: 242. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of
aspersus: Goncalves, 1 9 6 1 : 1 3 2 .
mesopotamicus. Acromyrmex (Moellerius) mesopotamicus
Gallardo, 1916d: 337, fig. 3 (w.) ARGENTINA.
J u n i o r s y n o n y m of silvestrii: Fowler, 1 9 8 8 : 2 9 0 .
mixtus. Acromyrmex subterraneus var. mixtus Santschi,
1925a: 373 (w.) BRAZIL. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of sub-
terraneus: Goncalves, 1 9 6 1 : 1 6 4 .
modesta. Atta (Acromyrmex) moelleri r. modesta Forel,
1901h: 49 (s.) BRAZIL. Combination in Acromyrmex:
Luederwaldt, 1918: 39. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of
coronatus: Goncalves, 1 9 6 1 : 135.
moelleri. Atta (Acromyrmex) moelleri Forel, 1893e: 596
(s.w.q.m.) BRAZIL. Combination i n Acromyrmex:
Forel, 1 9 1 6 : 4 2 9 . Stirps of coronatus: Santschi,
1925a: 3 6 3 . J u n i o r s y n o n y m of coronatus:
Goncalves, 1 9 6 1 : 135.
#molestans. Acromyrmex subterraneus st. molestans
Santschi, 1925a: 373 (w.) BRAZIL. Senior s y n o n y m
of eidmanni: Goncalves, 1 9 6 1 : 168.
#multituber. Acromyrmex (Moellerius) balzani var. multitu-
ber Santschi, 1922b: 362 (w.) BOLIVIA. S y n o n y m
of pampanus, a n d s u b s p e d e s of balzani: Fowler,
1988: 284. [Fowler incorrectly gives pampanus as
senior synonym, b u t multituber has priority.]
muticinoda. Atta (Acromyrmex) nigra r. muticinoda Forel,
1901e: 336 (w.) BRAZIL. C o m b i n a t i o n i n
Acromyrmex: Luederwaldt, 1918: 39. Raised t o spe­
d e s : Emery, 1905c: 4 7 ; Emery, 1922f: 350. Senior
s y n o n y m of depressoculis a n d homalops: Goncalves:
1 9 6 1 : 153. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of niger: Goncalves,
1967:18.
Umyersi. Acromyrmex (Moellerius) balzani subsp. myersi
Weber, 1 9 3 7 : 4 0 8 (w.) GUIANA. S u b s p e d e s of
56 Species-Group Taxa
landolti: Kempf, 1972a: 16. See also: Fowler, 1988:
288.
navarroi. Acromyrmex rugosus var. navarroi Borgmeier,
1937b: 249 (w.) BRAZIL. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of rochai:
Goncalves, 1 9 6 1 : 1 6 2 .
niger. Oecodoma nigra Smith, F. 1858b: 186 (q.) BRA­
ZIL. Emery, 1905c: 4 8 (w.m.). Combination in Atta:
Roger, 1863b: 35; in Atta (Acromyrmex): Forel,
1893e: 590; in Acromyrmex: Bruch, 1914: 216.
Senior s y n o n y m of muticinoda (and its j u n i o r syn­
o n y m s depressoculis a n d homalops): Goncalves, 1967:
18.
nigripes. Acromyrmex lundi st. boliviensis var. nigripes
Santschi, 1929d: 304 (w.q.) ARGENTINA. Unavail­
able n a m e .
^nigrosetosus. Atta (Acromyrmex) nigrosetosa Forel,
1908c: 350 (s.w.) BRAZIL. Santschi, 1922b: 361
(q.). Combination in Acromyrmex: M a n n , 1 9 1 6 : 4 5 4 .
Stirps/subspedes of laticeps: Santschi, 1925a: 382;
Goncalves, 1 9 6 1 : 1 4 6 ; Kempf, 1972a: 12. Senior
s y n o n y m of dimidiata, garbei a n d pulchella:
Goncalves, 1 9 6 1 : 1 4 6 .
nivalis. Acromyrmex (Moellerius) landolti var. nivalis
Santschi, 1922b: 362 (w.) BRAZIL. J u n i o r s y n o n y m
of landolti: Goncalves, 1 9 6 1 : 120; of balzani: Fowler,
1988:284.
nobilis. Acromyrmex (Acromyrmex) nobilis Santschi,
1939e: 317 (w.) BRAZIL. [Also described as n e w by
Santschi, 1939f: 164.] See also: Goncalves, 1 9 6 1 :
156.
obscurior. Acromyrmex coronatus st. moelleri var. obscurior
Santschi, 1925d: 2 4 0 (w.) BRAZIL. Unavailable
n a m e ; material referred t o coronatus by Goncalves,
1961:135.
ochraceolus. Acromyrmex coronatus st. ochraceolus
Santschi, 1925a: 365 (w.) BRAZIL. [First available
use of Acromyrmex moelleri r. panamensis var.
ochraceolus Forel, 1922: 97; unavailable n a m e . ]
J u n i o r s y n o n y m of coronatus: Goncalves, 1 9 6 1 : 135.
octospinosus. Formica octospinosa Reich, 1 7 9 3 : 1 3 2 (w.)
FRENCH GUIANA. Forel, 1893e: 590 (S.q.m.);
Wheeler, G.C. 1 9 4 9 : 6 7 4 (1.); Wheeler, G.C. &
Wheeler, J. 1986d: 4 9 6 (1.). Combination i n Atta:
Emery, 1892b: 163; in Atta (Acromyrmex): Forel,
1893e: 590; in Acromyrmex: M a n n , 1 9 1 6 : 4 5 4 .
Senior s y n o n y m of guentheri: Emery, 1894c: 220; of
pallida Crawley: Wheeler, W.M. 1937c: 70. See also:
Goncalves, 1 9 6 1 : 157. Current subspedes: n o m i n a l
plus cubanus, echinatior, ekchuah, inti, volcanus.
#ogloblini. Acromyrmex subterraneus var. ogloblini
Santschi, 1933e: 121 (w.) ARGENTINA.
omatus. Acromyrmex coronatus st. ochraceolus var. omatus
Santschi, 1925a: 365 (w.) BRAZIL. Unavailable
n a m e ; material referred to coronatus by Goncalves,
1961: 135.
pallida. Oecodoma pallida Smith, F. 1858b: 187 (s.) BRA­
ZIL. Combination in Atta: Roger, 1863b: 35; in Atta
(Acromyrmex): Forel, 1893e: 590. J u n i o r s y n o n y m
of rugosus: Forel, 1893e: 590.
pallida. Acromyrmex octospinosa var. pallida Crawley,
1 9 2 1 : 9 2 (s.w.) GUIANA. [Unresolved j u n i o r sec­
o n d a r y h o m o n y m of Oecodoma pallida Smith,
above.] J u n i o r s y n o n y m of octospinosus: Wheeler,
W.M. 1937c: 70.
pampanus. Acromyrmex (Moellerius) balzani subsp.
pampanus Weber, 1938b: 200 (w.q.m.) BOLIVIA.
Subspedes of landolti: Kempf, 1972a: 16. S y n o n y m
of multituber: Fowler, 1988: 284. [Fowler gives
pampanus as senior n a m e , b u t multituber c o r r e d l y
has priority.]
#panamensis. Atta (Acromyrmex) moelleri var. panamen-
sis Forel, 1899c: 35, pi. 1, figs. 16, 17 (w.q.) GUATE­
MALA. Combination in Acromyrmex: Emery, 1922f:
350. S u b s p e d e s of moelleri: Forel, 1908b: 40; of
coronatus: Santschi, 1925a: 360; Kempf, 1972a: 1 1 .
"parallelus. Acromyrmex lundi var. parallela Santschi,
1916e: 387 (w.) ARGENTINA.
parens. Acromyrmex (Moellerius) landolti var. parens
Santschi, 1925d: 239 (w.) BRAZIL. J u n i o r s y n o n y m
of balzani.-Goncalves, 1961:124.
^pencosensis. Acromyrmex lobicomis var. pencosensis
Forel, 1914d: 282 (w.) ARGENTINA. S u b s p e d e s of
lobicomis: Santschi, 1916e: 388.
ttperuvianus. Acromyrmex (Acromyrmex) subterraneus
var. peruvianus Borgmeier, 1 9 4 0 : 6 0 6 (w.m.) PERU.
S u b s p e d e s of subterraneus .Kempf, 1972a: 15.
planorum. Acromyrmex (Moellerius) balzani subsp.
planorum Weber, 1 9 3 7 : 4 0 9 (w.) VENEZUELA. Sub­
s p e d e s of landolti: Kempf, 1972a: 16. J u n i o r syn­
o n y m of landolti: Fowler, 1 9 8 8 : 2 8 8 .
^pruinosior. Acromyrmex lobicomis var. pruinosior
Santschi, 1916e: 388, fig. (w.) ARGENTINA.
#pubescens. Atta (Acromyrmex) pubescens Emery, 1905c:
51, fig. 20 (w.) PARAGUAY. C o m b i n a t i o n i n
Acromyrmex, a n d variety of lundii: Bruch, 1 9 1 4 : 2 1 6 .
Subspedes of lundii: Gallardo, 1916d: 3 3 3 ; Santschi,
1 9 I 6 e : 386; Kempf, 1972a: 13.
pulchella. Acromyrmex nigrosetosa st. pulchella Santschi,
1925b: 18 (w.) BRAZIL. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of
nigrosetosus: Goncalves, 1 9 6 1 : 1 4 6 .
pulvereus. Acromyrmex (Moellerius) pulvereus Santschi,
1919f: 52 (w.) ARGENTINA. See also: Fowler, 1988:
289 ( w h o notes this as nomen dubium).
purensis. Atta (Acromyrmex) subterranea var. purensis
Forel, 1912e: 181 (w.) BRAZIL. C o m b i n a t i o n i n
Acromyrmex: Emery, 1922f: 350. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of
subterraneus: Goncalves, 1 9 6 1 : 164.
Urectispinus. Atta (Acromyrmex) moelleri subsp. rectispina
Forel, 1908b: 4 1 (w.) COSTA RICA. Combination in
Acromyrmex-: Emery, 1922f: 350. Stirps/subspedes of
coronatus: Santschi, 1925a: 362; Kempf, 1972a: 12.
risii. Atta (Acromyrmex) lundii var. risii Forel, 1908c:
350. (w.) ARGENTINA. Combination in
Acromyrmex: Forel, 19131:237. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of
lundii: Santschi, 1925a: 384.
#rochai. Atta (Acromyrmex) rugosus var. rochai Forel,
1904c: 34 (w.) BRAZIL. Combination in
Acromyrmex: Santschi, 1925a: 379. J u n i o r s y n o n y m
of aspersus: Emery, 1905c: 4 8 . Revived from s y n o n ­
y m y as variety of rugosus: Santschi, 1925a: 379. Sub­
s p e d e s of rugosus, a n d senior s y n o n y m of navarroi:
Goncalves, 1 9 6 1 : 1 6 2 .
rufescens. Acromyrmex hispidus st. formosus var. rufescens
Santschi, 1925a: 377 (w.) BRAZIL. Unavailable
n a m e ; material referred to crassispinus by Goncalves,
1961:139.
rufidens. Acromyrmex lobicomis var. rufidens Santschi,
1933e: 120 (w.) BRAZIL. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of
lobicomis: Goncalves, 1 9 6 1 : 1 4 8 .
 rugosus. Oecodoma rugosa Smith, F. 1858b: 186 (q.)
BRAZIL. Forel, 1904c: 33 (w.); Emery, 1905c: 109
(m.). C o m b i n a t i o n i n Afia: Roger, 1863b: 35; in Atta
(Acromyrmex): Forel, 1893e: 590; in Acromyrmex:
Emery, 1922f: 348. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of coronatus:
Dalla Torre, 1893: 152; Forel, 1895b: 139. Revived
from s y n o n y m y as variety of coronatus: Emery,
1905c: 49. Revived status as species: Santschi,
1925a: 378; Santschi, 1925d: 2 4 3 . Senior s y n o n y m
oipatlida Smith: Forel, 1893e: 590; of bigener a n d
vestitus: Goncalves, 1 9 6 1 : 1 5 9 . Current subspecies:
noniinal plus rochai, santschii.
rusticus. Acromyrmex crassispinus st. rusticus Santschi,
1925a: 375 (w.q.) BRAZIL. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of
crassispinus: Goncalves, 1 9 6 1 : 1 3 9 .
^santschii. Atta (Acromyrmex) aspersa var. santschii Forel,
1912e: 182 (w.) COLOMBIA. C o m b i n a t i o n i n
Acromyrmex: Emery, 1922f: 3 4 8 . Variety of rugosus:
Santschi, 1925a: 379.
senex. Acromyrmex (Moellerius) balzani var. senex
Santschi, 1925b: 19 (w.) BRAZIL. J u n i o r s y n o n y m
of landolti: Goncalves, 1 9 6 1 : 1 2 0 .
silvestrii. Atta (Moellerius) silvestrii Emery, 1905c: 42
(w.) ARGENTINA. Forel, 1911c: 292 (q.m.);
Santschi 1912e: 530 (q.m.). Combination in
Acromyrmex (Moellerius): Forel, 19131:236. Stirps of
striatus: Santschi, 1920d: 380. Revived status as spe­
cies: Emery, 1922f: 3 5 1 . Senior s y n o n y m of
mesopotamicus: Fowler, 1 9 8 8 : 2 9 0 . Current subspe­
cies: n o m i n a l plus bruchi.
striatus. Atta striata Roger, 1863a: 202 (w.q.m.) URU­
GUAY. Combination in Atta (Acromyrmex): Emery,
1888c: 357; in Atta (Moellerius): Emery, 1905c: 42; in
Acromyrmex: Bruch, 1914: 2 1 7 . Senior s y n o n y m of
laeviventris: Fowler, 1 9 8 8 : 2 9 0 . See also: Goncalves,
1961: 129.
subterraneus. Atta (Acromyrmex) subterranea Forel,
1893e: 593 (s.w.q.) BRAZIL. Forel, 1901d: 301 (m.).
Race/subspecies of coronatus: Forel, 1 9 0 I d : 3 0 1 ;
Forel, 1911c: 2 9 1 ; Bruch, 1 9 1 4 : 2 1 6 . Status as spe­
cies: Emery, 1905c: 48; Forel, 1912e: 181;
Luederwaldt, 1918: 39; Santschi, 1925a: 372;
Goncalves, 1 9 6 1 : 1 6 4 . Senior s y n o n y m oimixtus
and purensis: Goncalves, 1 9 6 1 : 1 6 4 . Current subspe­
cies: n o m i n a l plus brunneus, molestans, ogloblini, per-
uvianus.
tucumana Forel, 1914; see u n d e r TRACHYMYRMEX.
versicolor. Atta versicolor Pergande, 1894a: 31 (w.)
MEXICO. Wheeler, W.M. 1907c: 7 0 4 (q.m.). Combi­
nation in Atta (Acromyrmex): Emery, 1895c: 330; in
Affa (Moellerius): Emery, 1905c: 108; in Acromyrmex
(Moellerius): Emery, 1922f: 3 5 1 . See also: Fowler,
1988: 2 9 1 . Current subspecies: noniinal plus
chisosensis.
vestitus. Acromyrmex rugosus var. vestitus Santschi,
1925a: 380 (w.) BRAZIL. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of
rugosus: Goncalves, 1 9 6 1 : 1 5 9 .
#volcanus. Acromyrmex octospinosus subsp. volcanus
Wheeler, W.M. 1 9 3 7 c : 7 3 (s.) COSTARICA.
ACROPYGA (World tropics a n d subtropics)
acutiventris. Acropyga acutiventris Roger, 1862a: 243
(w.q.) SRI LANKA. Imai, B r o w n era/. 1984: 68 (k.).
Senior s y n o n y m of flava: Forel, 1894c: 4 1 8 ; of aus-
tralis: Taylor, 1992a: 58. Current subspecies: n o m i ­
n a l plus bugnioni, carinata, javana, rubescens.
ambigua. Acropyga (Atopodon) ambigua Emery, 1922d:
107, fig. 1 (w.q.) N E W GUINEA.
amblyops. Acropyga (Atopodon) amblyops Forel, 1915a:
34 (w.) SUMATRA.
arnoldi. Acropyga (Malacomyrma) arnoldi Santschi,
1926b: 245 (w.q.) SOUTH AFRICA. Prins, 1982: 245
(m.). Senior s y n o n y m of rhodesiana: Prins, 1982:
238.
australis. Acropyga moluccana var. australis Forel, 1902h:
4 7 7 (w.) AUSTRALIA. Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J.
1 9 6 8 : 2 0 9 (1.). Subspecies of acutiventris: Forel,
1911 e: 286; of moluccana: Taylor & B r o w n , D.R.
1 9 8 5 : 1 0 8 . J u n i o r s y n o n y m of acutiventris: Taylor,
1992a: 58.
baodaoensis. Acropyga (Atopodon) baodaoensis Ter-
ayama, 1985b: 284, figs. 1-13 (w.q.m.) TAIWAN.
berwicki. Acropyga (Rhizomyrma) berwicki Wheeler,
W.M. 1935f: 325, fig. 1 (w.) TRINIDAD.
borgmeieri. Acropyga (Rhizomyrma) borgmeieri
Donisthorpe, 1939c: 153 (m.) GUIANA.
bruchi. Acropyga (Rhizomyrma) bruchi Santschi, 1929d:
308 (w.) ARGENTINA.
tibugnioni. Acropyga acutiventris subsp. bugnioni Forel,
191 l i : 2 2 6 (w.q.) SRI LANKA.
butteli. Acropyga (Atopodon) butteli Forel, 1912m: 772
(q.) WEST MALAYSIA. [Also described as n e w by
Forel, 1913k: 101.]
ticarinata. Acropyga acutiventris var. carinata Karavaiev,
1933a: 310 (w.) SUMATRA.
#columbica. Rhizomyrma goeldii var. columbica Forel,
1912i: 61 (w.) COLOMBIA. C o m b i n a t i o n i n
Acropyga (Rhizomyrma): Emery, 1925b: 29.
crassicornis. Acropyga crassicornis Emery, 1900d: 698
(footnote), fig. 13 (w.) N E W GUINEA.
decedens. Brachymyrmex decedens Mayr, 1887: 521 -
(w.q.m.) BRAZIL. Combination i n Rhizomyrma:
Emery, 1906c: 184; in Acropyga (Rhizomyrma):
Emery, 1925b: 29.
distinguenda. Acropyga (Atopodon) distinguenda
Karavaiev, 1935a: 110, fig. 2 8 (w.q.m.) VIETNAM.
dodo. Pseudolasius dodo Donisthorpe, 1946c: 782 (w.)
MAURITIUS. Combination in Acropyga: n e w c o m ­
bination.
donisthorpei. Acropyga (Rhizomyrma) donisthorpei
Weber, 1 9 4 4 : 1 1 8 , figs. 9, 20, 21 (w.) GUIANA.
dubia. Acropyga (Rhizomyrma) dubia Karavaiev, 1933a:
3 1 1 , fig. 3 (w.m.) SUMATRA.
dubitata. Rhizomyrma dubitata Wheeler, W.M. &
M a n n , 1 9 1 4 : 4 7 (m.) HATTI. C o m b i n a t i o n i n
Acropyga (Rhizomyrma): Emery, 1925b: 29.
emeryi. Rhizomyrma emeryi Forel, 1915c: 347 (w.)
NEW GUINEA. Combination in Acropyga
(Rhizomyrma): Emery, 1925b: 30.
epedana. Acropyga epedana Snelling, 1973a: 7, fig. 1
(w.) U.S.A.
exsanguis. Rhizomyrma exsanguis Wheeler, W.M.
1909b: 2 3 8 (w.) MEXICO. Combination in Acropyga
(Rhizomyrma): M a n n , 1922: 53.
flava. Plagiolepis flava Mayr, 1862: 699 (q.m.)
NICOBAR IS. Combination in Acropyga: Mayr, 1862:
769. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of acutiventris: Forel, 1894c:
418.
fuhrmanni. Rhizomyrma fuhrmanm Forel, 1914e: 12
(w.q.) COLOMBIA. Weber, 1944: 97 ( m l ) . Combi­
n a t i o n in Acropyga (Rhizomyrma): Emery, 1925b: 29.
goeldii. Acropyga (Rhizomyrma) goeldii fore), 1893g:
348 (footnote) (w.) BRAZIL. Combination in
Rhizomyrma: Forth 1912i: 60; in Acropyga
(Rhizomyrma): Emery, 1925b: 2 9 . J u n i o r s y n o n y m
of decedens: Costa Lima, 1 9 3 1 : 7 . Revived from syn­
o n y m y : Wheeler, W.M. 1935f: 322; Weber, 1944:
9 3 . Current subspecies: n o m i n a l plus columbica,
tridentata.
gowdeyi. Acropyga gowdeyi Gowdey, 1917: 187
UGANDA. Nomen nudum. [Note: these specimens
w e r e later described as Pseudolasius gowdeyi; see
there.]
guianensis. Acropyga (Rhizomyrma) guianensis Weber,
1944: 120, fig. 1 (w.) GUIANA.
indistincta. Acropyga indistincta Crawley, 1923b: 178
(w.) AUSTRALIA.
indosinensis. Acropyga (Rhizomyrma) indosinensis
Wheeler, W.M. 1935c: 72. Replacement n a m e for
Acropyga silvestrii Wheeler, W.M. 1927h: 100.
[Junior p r i m a r y h o m o n y m of Acropyga silvestrii
Emery, 1915g:21.]
inezae. Acropyga (Atopodon) inezae Forel, 1912m: 772
(w.) SUMATRA. Karavaiev, 1933a: 314 (q.m.).
[Also described as n e w by Forel, 1913k: 102.]
#javana. Acropyga (Acropyga) acutiventris var. javana
Karavaiev, 1933a: 308 (w.m.) JAVA.
jiangxiensis. Acropyga (Atopodon) jiangxiensis Wang &
W u , 1992a: 226, figs. 1-4 (w.m.) CHINA.
kathrynae. Acropyga (Rhizomyrma) kathrynae Weber,
1944: 114, fig. 12 (w.) TRINIDAD.
lauta. Acropyga (Rhizomyrma) lauta M a n n , 1919: 365
(w.q.) SOLOMON IS.
major. Acropyga (Rhizomyrma) major Donisthorpe,
1949c: 755 (m.) NEW GUINEA.
marshalli. Rhizomyrma marshalli Crawley, 1 9 2 1 : 9 3 ,
fig. 2 (w.) BARBADOS. Combination in Acropyga
(Rhizomyrma): Emery, 1925b: 30.
meermohri. Atopodon meermohri Starcke, 1930: 3 7 5 , pi.
18, fig. oben (w.) INDONESIA (Palau I.). Combina­
tion i n Acropyga: n e w c o m b i n a t i o n .
mesonotalis. Acropyga (Rhizomyrma) mesonotalis Weber,
1944: 1 1 1 , fig. 13 (w.q.) HAITI.
moluccana. Acropyga moluccana Mayr, 1879: 658 (w.)
INDONESIA ( S e r a m I . ) . Karavaiev, 1933a: 310
(q.m.); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1953c: 137 (1.).
Current subspecies: norninal plus mysolensis,
occipitalis, opaca, papuana.
myops. Acropyga my opsFort), 1910b: 59 (w.m.) AUS­
TRALIA. Combination in Acropyga (Rhizomyrma):
Emery, 1925b: 30.
#mysolensis. Acropyga moluccana subsp. mysolensis Forel,
191 l e : 2 8 5 (w.) INDONESIA (MysolL).
nipponensis. Acropyga (Atopodon) nipponensisTtr-
ayama, 1985b: 287, figs. 1 4 - 1 8 (w.) JAPAN.
^occipitalis. Acropyga moluccana var. occipitalis Stitz,
1912: 510, fig. 12 (w.) NEW GUINEA.
oceanica. Acropyga (Rhizomyrma) oceanica Emery,
1900c: 333, pi. 8, fig. 4 4 (w.q.m.) NEW GUINEA.
oko. Acropyga (Rhizomyrma) oko Weber, 1944: 119, fig.
16 (w.) GUIANA.
#opaca. Acropyga moluccana var. opaca Stitz, 1911a: 370
(w.) N E W GUINEA. Donisthorpe, 1948g: 139 (m.).
Species-Group Taxa 57
ACROPYGA (continued)
pachycera. Rhizomyrma pachycera Emery, 1906c: 182
(w.q.) PARAGUAY. Combination in Acropyga
(Rhizomyrma):Emery, 1925b: 30.
paleartica. Acropyga (Rhizomyrma) paleartica Menozzi,
1936d: 298, fig. 17 (w.) GREECE.
pallida. Bothriomyrmexpallidus Donisthorpe, 1938d:
598 (w.) NEW GUINEA. Combination in Acropyga:
Shattuck, 1992c: 60.
paludis. Acropyga (Rhizomyrma) paludis Weber, 1944:
121, fig. 15 (w.m.) GUIANA.
panamensis. Acropyga (Rhizomyrma) panamensis
Weber, 1944: 113, fig. 2 4 (w.) PANAMA.
#papuana. Acropyga (Acropyga) moluccana subsp. papu-
ana M a n n , 1919: 364 (w.) SOLOMON IS. Wheeler,
G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1953c: 136 (1.).
paramaribensis. Acropyga paramaribensis Borgmeier,
1933c: 2 6 3 (w.q.) SURINAM. Borgmeier, 1 9 3 4 : 1 0 9
(m.); Bunzli, 1935: 519 (1.). C o m b i n a t i o n i n
Acropyga (Rhizomyrma): Kempf, 1972a: 17.
parvidens. Rhizomyrma parvidens Wheeler, W.M. &
M a n n , 1 9 1 4 : 4 6 (w.) HATTT. Combination in
Acropyga (Rhizomyrma): Emery, 1925b: 30.
pickeli. Acropyga (Rhizomyrma) pickeli Borgmeier,
1927a: 287, figs. 1, 2 (w.q.) BRAZIL. Weber, 1944:
102 (m.). J u n i o r s y n o n y m of decedens: Costa Lima,
1931: 7. Revived from s y n o n y m y : Borgmeier,
1932a: 2 3 8 . See also: Wheeler, W.M. 1935f: 322;
Weber, 1944: 102.
quadriceps. Acropyga (Rhizomyrma) quadriceps Weber,
1944: 113, fig. 5 (w.) TRINIDAD.
rhodesiana. Acropyga (Malacomyrma) rhodesiana
Santschi, 1928f: 211 (w.) ZIMBABWE. J u n i o r syn­
o n y m of arnoldi: Prins, 1982: 238.
robae. Acropyga (Rhizomyrma) robae Donisthorpe,
1936b: 108, figs. 1-3 (w.q.m.) COLOMBIA.
rubens. Acropyga acutiventris subsp. rubens Forel, 191 l e :
286 (w) n o locality stated. [This n a m e most proba­
bly in error for rubescens.) J u n i o r s y n o n y m of
rubescens: Emery, 1925b: 2 8 .
#rubescens. Acropyga acutiventris var. rubescens Forel,
1894c: 4 1 8 (w.q.m.) INDIA. Senior s y n o n y m of
rubens:Emery, 1925b: 2 8 .
rutgersi. Acropyga (Rhizomyrma) rutgersiBunzli, 1935:
464, figs. 8 - 1 1 , 12, 14-16, 18, 20, 2 4 (w.q.m.) SURI­
NAM.
sauteri. Acropyga (Rhizomyrma) sauteri Eore\, 1912a: 72
(w.) TAIWAN. Wheeler, W.M. 1928c: 31 (q.);
Santschi, 1928b: 36 (q.m.).
silvestrii. Acropyga silvestrii Emery, 1915g: 2 1 , fig. 11
(w.) ETHIOPIA. Combination in Acropyga
(Malacomyrma): Emery, 1922d: 109.
silvestrii. Acropyga (Rhizomyrma) silvestriiWheeler,
W.M. 1927h: 100, fig. 7 (w.) VIETNAM. [Junior pri­
m a r y h o m o n y m of silvestrii Emery, above.] Replace­
m e n t n a m e : indosinensis Wheeler, W.M. 1935c: 72.
smithii. Acropyga (Rhizomyrma) smithii Forel, 1893g:
349 (q.) ANTILLES IS.
termitobia. Acropyga (Atopodon) termitobia Forel,
1912m: 773 (q.) WEST MALAYSIA. [Also described
as n e w by Forel, 1913k: 101.]
#tridentata. Rhizomyrma goeldii var. tridentata Forel,
19121: 61 (q.m.) PANAMA. C o m b i n a t i o n i n
Acropyga (Rhizomyrma): Emery, 1925b: 29.
trinitatis. Acropyga (Rhizomyrma) trinitatis Weber,
1944: 117, figs. 7, 8, 17-19 (w.q.) TRINIDAD.
58 Species-Group Taxa
undecema. Pseudolasius undecemus Donisthorpe, 1949c:
756 (w.) NEW GUINEA. Combination in Acropyga:
n e w combination.
urichi. Acropyga (Rhizomyrma) urichiVfeber, 1944:
115, figs. 2,3 (w.q.m.) TRINIDAD.
wheeleri. Acropyga (Rhizomyrma) wheeleri M a n n , 1922:
52 (w.q.) HONDURAS.
EXCURSUS
S p e c i e s - r a n k t a x a of ACROPYGA, g r o u p e d b y
subgenus.
ttACROPYGA: acutiventris, crassicornis, indistincta,
moluccana, undecema.
#ATOPODON: ambigua, amblyops, baodaoensis, butteli,
distinguenda, inezae, jiangxiensis, meermohri,
nipponensis, termitobia.
XMALACOMYRMA: arnoldi, dodo, silvestrii.
#RHIZOMYRMA: berwicki, borgmeieri, bruchi, decedens,
donisthorpei, dubia, dubitata, emeryi, epedana,
exsanguis, fuhrmanni, goeldii, guianensis, indosinen­
sis, kathrynae, lauta, major, marshalli, mesonotalis,
myops, oceanica, oko, pachycera, paleartica, pallida,
paludis, panamensis, paramaribensis, parvidens, pick­
eli, quadriceps, robae, rutgersi, sauteri, smithii,
trinitatis. urichi, wheeleri.
*ACROSTIGMA Emery: see u n d e r PODOMYRMA.
ACROSTIGMA Forel: see u n d e r STIGMACROS.
ADELOMYRMEX (Indo-Australian, Neotropical)
biroi. Adelomyrmex biroi Emery, 1897c: 590, pi. 15,
figs. 3 5 - 3 7 (w.q.) NEW GUINEA.
hirsutus. Adelomyrmex (Arctomyrmex) hirsutus M a n n ,
1 9 2 1 : 4 5 8 , fig. 21 (w.). FIJI IS.
myops. Apsychomyrmex myops Wheeler, W.M. 1910a:
2 6 1 , fig. 2 (w.) GUATEMALA. Wheeler, G.C. &
Wheeler, J. 1955b: 29 (1.). Combination in
Adelomyrmex: Kempf, 1972a: 18.
samoanus. Adelomyrmex (Arctomyrmex) samoanus Wil­
son & Taylor, 1967: 77, fig. 62 (w.) SAMOA.
silvestrii. Apsychomyrmex silvestrii Menozzi, 1931b:
270, fig.6 (w.) COSTA RICA. Combination in
Adelomyrmex: Kempf, 1972a: 18.
tristani. Apsychomyrmex tristaniMenozzi, 1931b: 269,
fig. 6 (w.) COSTA RICA. Combination in
Adelomyrmex: Kempf, 1972a: 18.
ADETOMYRMA (Madagascar)
venatrix. Adetomyrma venatrix Ward, 1994: 161, figs. 1 -
7, 12, 13, 18, 24, 30, 36, 4 1 (w.) MADAGASCAR.
ADFORMICA: see u n d e r FORMICA.
ADLERZIA (Australia)
froggatti. Monomorium (Adlerzia) froggatti Forel, 1902h:
4 4 5 (w) AUSTRALIA. Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J.
1977: 583 (1.). Combination in Adlerzia: B r o w n ,
1952j: 176. Senior s y n o n y m of katerinae a n d
silvestrii: B r o w n , 1952a: 110.
katerinae. Stenothorax katerinae McAreavey, 1949: 3,
figs. 7 - 1 6 (s.w.) AUSTRALIA. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of
froggatti: Brown, 1952a: 110.
silvestrii. Machomyrma silvestrii Emery, 1914b: 182, fig.
2 (s.) AUSTRALIA. Viehmeyer, 1924b: 311 (w.).
Junior s y n o n y m of froggatti: B r o w n , 1952a: 110.
AENICTOGITON (west a n d central Africa)
attenuatus. Aenictogiton elongatus var. attenuatus
Santschi, 1919c: 247, fig. 2 (m.) ZAIRE. Raised to
species: Santschi, 1924b: 199.
bequaerti. Aenictogiton bequaerti Forel, 1913b: 314 (m.)
ZAIRE.
elongatus. Aenictogiton elongatus Santschi, 1919c: 246,
fig. 2 (m.) ZAIRE.
emeryi. Aenictogiton emeryi Forel, 1913b: 315 (m.)
ZAIRE.
fossiceps. Aenictogiton fossiceps Emery, 1901 d: 49, figs.
3,4 (m.) ZAIRE.
schoutedeni. Aenictogiton schoutedeni Santschi, 1924b:
198, fig. 2 (m.) ZAIRE.
sulcatus. Aenictogiton sulcatus Santschi, 1919c: 247, fig.
2 (m.) ZAIRE.
AENICTUS (Old World tropics a n d temperates)
abeillei. Alaopone abeillei Andre, 1886: 855 (q., n o t w.;
see Emery, 190Id: 43) ALGERIA. Combination in
Dorylus (Shuckardia): Emery, 1895j: 740; in Aenictus:
Emery, 190 Id: 4 3 . Provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of
atriceps: Emery, 1891b: 2. Revived from synonymy:
Emery, 1895J: 740.
aitkenii. Aenictus aitkenii Forel, 1901a: 475 (w.) INDIA.
J u n i o r s y n o n y m of aratus: Wilson, 1964a: 446.
alluaudi. Aenictus bottegoi var. alluaudi Santschi,
1910g: 754, fig. 10 (m.) KENYA. Raised to species:
Santschi, 1924b: 2 0 3 . Current subspecies: n o m i n a l
plus falcifer.
alticola. Aenictus (Typhlatta) alticola Wheeler, W.M. &
C h a p m a n , in Wheeler, W.M. 1930g: 2 0 5 , fig. 5 (w.)
PHILIPPINES. See also: Wilson, 1964a: 4 4 5 .
ambiguus. Aenictus ambiguus Shuckard, 1840b: 2 6 8
(m.) INDIA. See also: Wilson, 1964a: 444.
anceps. Aenictus bottegoi subsp. anceps Forel, 1910c: 249
(m.) ETHIOPIA. Raised to species: Santschi, 1920d:
374.
#andrieui. Aenictusfurculatus st. andrieui Santschi,
1930a: 56, figs. 1 5 - 1 7 (m.) SUDAN.
annae. Aenictus annae Forel, 1911b: 194 (m.) JAVA.
aratus. Aenictus aratusTorek 1900b: 74 (w.) AUS­
TRALIA. Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1984: 265 (1.).
Senior s y n o n y m of aitkenii, asiatica, levior and
nesiotis, a n d material of t h e unavailable n a m e
fraterculus referred h e r e : Wilson, 1964a: 4 4 6 .
artipus. Aenictus artipus Wilson, 1964a: 4 4 9 , fig. 60
(w.) THAILAND.
arya. Aenictus arya Forel, 1901a: 472 (m.) INDIA.
asantei. Aenictus asantei Campione, Novak & Gotwald,
1983: 873, 7 figs, (w.q.) GHANA.
asiatica. Aenictus aratus var. asiatica Forel, 191 l h : 4 5 3
(w.) SRI LANKA. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of aratus: Wilson,
1964a: 4 4 6 .
ttashaverus. Aenictus gibbosus r. ashaverus Forel, 1913k:
22 (m.) SUMATRA.
asperivalvus. Aenictus asperivalvus Santschi, 1919b:
2 3 3 (m.) IVORY COAST.
#atripennis. Aenictus clavatus r. atripennis Forel, 1913k:
2 4 (m.) SUMATRA.
bakeri. Aenictus bakeriMenozzi, 1925c: 4 3 9 , fig. 1 (m.)
PHILIPPINES.
bated. AenictusbatesiForel, 1911e: 255 (w.) NIGERIA.
J u n i o r s y n o n y m of decolor: Gotwald & Leroux,
1980:600.
bayoni. Aenictus bayoni Menozzi, 1933a: 94, fig. 1 (m.)
UGANDA.
bengalensis. Typhlatta bengalensis Mayr, 1879: 669 (w.)
INDIA. Combination in Aenictus: Dalla Torre, 1893:
7. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of pachycerus: Bingham, 1 9 0 3 : 2 0 .
bidentatus. Aenictus bidentatus Donisthorpe, 1942e: 701
(w.) GHANA. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of decolor: Gotwald 8-
Leroux, 1980: 600.
binghami. Aenictus binghaniri Forel, 1900b: 76 (w.)
BURMA. Aenictus binghami: Forel, 1901e: 382,
justified e m e n d a t i o n of spelling. Senior s y n o n y m of
gatesi: Wilson, 1964a: 4 5 0 .
biroi. Aenictus biroi Forel, 1907a: 10 (w.) SRI LANKA.
See also: Wilson, 1964a: 4 5 1 .
boelianensis. Aenictus martini var. boelianensis Forel,
1913k: 20 (w.) SUMATRA. J u n i o r s y n o n y m oigraci-
& : Wilson, 1964a: 4 6 3 .
bottegoi. Aenictus bottegoi Emery, 1899a: 4 9 9 (m.) ETHI­
OPIA. Current subspecies: n o m i n a l plus noctivagus.
brazzai. Aenictuseugeniivzr. brazzai Santschi, 1910c:
355 (w.) CONGO. Raised to species: Santschi,
1924b: 2 0 4 .
breviceps. Aenictus fergusoni var. breviceps Forel, 1912d:
105 (w.) JAVA. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of laeviceps: Wilson,
1964a: 4 6 7 .
brevicornis. Typhlatta brevicornis Mayr, 1 8 7 9 : 6 6 9 (w.)
INDIA. Imaiettf., 1 9 8 4 : 8 (k.). {Typhlatta brevicornis
Smith, F. 1873: ix. Nomen nudum, attributed to
Mayr.) Combination in Aenictus: Dalla Torre, 1893:
7. See also: Wilson, 1964a: 4 5 1 .
#brunneus. Aenictus soudanicus var. brunnea Forel,
1913b: 313 (m.) ZAIRE.
buttelreepeni. Aenictus buttelreepeni Forel, 1913k: 20,
fig. F (m.) SUMATRA.
buttgenbachi. Aenictus buttgenbachi Forel, 1913b: 313
(m.) ZAIRE.
camposi. Aenictus camposi Wheeler, W.M. & C h a p m a n ,
1925: 4 8 , pi. 1, figs. 3, 4 (w.) PHILIPPINES. See also:
Wilson, 1964a: 452.
#caroli. Aenictus eugenii subsp. caroli Forel, 1910c: 2 4 8
(w.) ETHIOPIA.
certus. Aenictus certus Westwood, 1842: 79 (m.) n o
locality stated ( m a y b e India, see Bingham, 1903:
10).
ceylonicus. Typhlatta ceylonica Mayr, 1866a: 505 (w.)
SRI LANKA. Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1984: 265
(1.). Combination in Aenictus: Dalla Torre, 1893: 7.
Senior s y n o n y m oiformosensis, latro, orientalis,
papuanus, similis a n d turneri (and its j u n i o r syn­
o n y m s deuqueti a n d exiguus): Wilson, 1964a: 4 5 2 .
chapmani. Aenictus chapmani Wilson, 1964a: 456, figs.
45, 46 (w.) NEW GUINEA.
#chevalieri. Aenictus humeralis var. chevalieri Santschi,
1910g: 7 5 4 (m.) SENEGAL.
clavatus. Aenictus clavatus Forel, 1901a: 4 7 1 (m.)
INDIA. Current subspecies: n o m i n a l plus atripennis,
kanariensis, sundaicus.
clavitibia. Aenictus clavitibia Forel, 1901a: 4 7 2 (m.)
INDIA. Current subspecies: n o m i n a l plus facetus.
congolensis. Aenictus rixator var. congolensis Santschi,
191 Ig: 207 (w.) CONGO. Santschi, 1917a: 277 (q.).
Raised to species: Santschi, 1917a: 277.
continuus. Aenictus bengalensis var. continuus Forel,
1901a: 476 (w.) SRI LANKA. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of
pachycerus: Wilson, 1964a: 4 7 1 .
cornutus. Aenictus comutus Forel, 1900b: 75 (w.) BOR­
NEO. See also: Wilson, 1964a: 4 5 7 .
crucifer.AenictuscruciferSantschi, 1 9 1 4 b : 6 8 , f i g 5 (m.)
KENYA. Current subspecies: n o m i n a l plus
tuberculatus.
currax. Aenictus currax Emery, 1900c: 310, pi. 8, fig. 1
(w.) NEW GUINEA. See also: Wilson, 1964a: 4 5 9 .
decolor. Typhlatta decolor Mayr, 1879: 668 (diagnosis in
key) (w.) EAST AFRICA. Gotwald & Leroux, 1980:
602 (q.). Combination in Aenictus: Dalla Torre, 1893:
7. Senior s y n o n y m of batesi a n d bidentatus: Gotwald
& Leroux, 1980: 600.
dentatus. Aenictusaitkenivar. dentata Forel, 191 Id: 383
(w.) WEST MALAYSIA. Raised to species: Wilson,
1964a: 4 6 0 .
deuqueti. Aenictus deuqueti Crawley, 1923b: 177 (w.)
AUSTRALIA. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of turneri: B r o w n ,
1952b: 1 2 3 .
dlusskyi. Aenictus dlusskyi Arnol'di, 1968: 1800, fig. 1
(w.q.) ARMENIA.
doryloides. Aenictus doryloides Wilson, 1964a: 460, figs.
54, 55 (w.) INDIA.
elongatus. Eciton (Aenictus) fergusoni subsp. elongatus
Karavaiev, 1926d: 4 2 4 , fig. 3 (w.) SRI LANKA.
J u n i o r s y n o n y m of gracilis: Wilson, 1964a: 4 6 3 .
eugenii. Aenictus eugenii Emery, 1895h: 17, pi. 2, figs.
1-4 (w.) SOUTH AFRICA. Gotwald & C u n n i n g h a m -
Van Someren, 1 9 7 6 : 1 8 3 (q.). Senior s y n o n y m of
kenyensis: Gotwald & C u n n i n g h a m - V a n Someren,
1976: 183. C u r r e n t subspecies: n o m i n a l plus caroli,
henrii.
exiguus. Aenictus exiguus Clark, 1934b: 2 1 , pi. 2, fig. 1
(w.) AUSTRALIA. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of ceylonicus: Wil­
son, 1964a: 4 5 2 .
exilis. Aenictus exilis Wilson, 1964a: 462, fig. 33 (w.)
NEW GUINEA.
#facetus. Aenictus clavitibia subsp. facetus Forel, 191 l b :
196 (m.) JAVA.
ttfalcifer. Aenictus alluaudi var. falcifer Santschi, 1924b:
2 0 3 , fig. 6 (m.) ZAIRE.
feae. Aenictus feae Emery, 1889b: 486, pi. 10, figs. 4 - 9
(m.) BURMA.
fergusoni. Aenictus fergusoni Forel, 1901a: 4 7 3 (w.)
INDIA. Senior s y n o n y m of hodgsoni, karawaiewi,
montanus a n d piltzi: Wilson, 1964a: 462.
foreli. Aenictus foreli Santschi, 1919b: 2 3 4 (m.) IVORY
COAST. [Also described as n e w by Santschi, 1920d:
369.]
formosensis. Aenictus ceylonicus var. formosensis Forel,
1913f: 188 (w.) TAIWAN. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of ceyloni-
o«: Wilson, 1964a: 4 5 2 .
fraterculus. Aenictus (Aenictus) aratus subsp. nesiotis var.
fraterculus Wheeler, W.M. & C h a p m a n , in Wheeler,
W M . 1930g: 209 (w.) PHILIPPINES. Unavailable
n a m e ; material referred to aratus by Wilson, 1964a:
446.
#fumatus. Aenictus latiscapus var. fumatus Wheeler, W.M.
1927d: 1 (m.) CHINA.
furculatus. Aenictus forculatus Santschi, 1919b: 2 3 3
(m.) SENEGAL. Aenictus furculatus: Santschi, 1919h:
91, justified e m e n d a t i o n of spelling. [Also described
as n e w by Santschi, 1920d: 372. Current subspecies:
n o m i n a l plus andrieui.
furibundus. Aenictus furibundus Arnold, 1959: 335, fig.
20 (w.) ZIMBABWE.
fuscipennis. Aenictus fuscipennis Forel, 1913k: 24 (m.)
SUMATRA.
fuscovarius. Aenictus fuscovarius Gerstacker, 1 8 5 9 : 2 6 2
(m.) MOZAMBIQUE. [Also described as n e w by
Gerstacker, 1862: 501.] C u r r e n t subspecies: n o m i ­
nal plus laetior, magrettii, Sagittarius.
gatesi. Aenictus binghami var. gatesi Wheeler, W.M.
1927b: 42 (w.) BURMA. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of
binghami: Wilson, 1964a: 4 5 0 .
gibbosus. Aenictusgibbosus Dalla Torre, 1893: 7 (m.)
SUMATRA. Current subspecies: n o m i n a l plus
ashaverus.
gleadowii. AenictusgleadowiiForel, 1901a: 4 6 9 (m.)
INDIA.
gracilis. Aenictus gracilis Emery, 1893e: 187, pi. 8, fig. 1
(w.) BORNEO. Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1990a:
460 (1.). Senior s y n o n y m of boelianensis, elongatus
a n d martini: Wilson, 1964a: 4 6 3 .
grandis. Aenictusgrandis Bingham, 1903: 11, fig. 9
(m.) BURMA.
greeni. Aenictusgreeni Bingham, 1903: 11 (m.) SRI
LANKA. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of porizonoides:
Donisthorpe, 1932b: 576.
#guineensis. Aenictus rotundatus st. guineensis Santschi,
1924b: 204, fig. 7 (w.) GUINEA.
hamifer. Aenictus hamifer Emery, 1896i: 153, fig. (m.)
KENYA. Current subspecies: n o m i n a l plus spinosior.
fthenrii. Aenictus eugenii var. henrii Santschi, 1924b: 204
(w.) ZAIRE.
hilli. Aenictus hilli Clark, 1928a: 38, pi. 1, figs. 3 2 - 3 6
(m.) AUSTRALIA.
hodgsoni. Aenictus fergusoni var. hodgsoni Forel, 1901a:
4 7 4 (w.) BURMA. J u n i o r s y n o n y m oi fergusoni: Wil­
son, 1964a: 4 6 2 .
hottai. AenictushottaiTerayama & Yamane, 1989: 598,
figs. 1, 2 (w.) SUMATRA.
humeralis. Aenictus humeralis Santschi, 1910g: 752, fig.
9 (m.) SUDAN. Current subspecies: n o m i n a l plus
chevalieri, viridans.
huonicus. Aenictus huonicus Wilson, 1964a: 4 6 5 , figs.
24, 25 (w.) NEW GUINEA.
icarus. Aenictus icarus Forel, 1911b: 197 (m.) JAVA.
Current subspecies: n o m i n a l plus incautus.
idoneus. Aenictus idoneus Menozzi, 1928b: 1, figs. 1, 2
(m.) SUMATRA.
Uimpressus. Aenictus bengalensis r. impressus Forel, in
Karavaiev, 1927e: 7 (w.) n o locality given (probably
India). Subspecies of pachycerus: Karavaiev, 1927e: 6.
Hncautus. Aenictus icarus var. incauta Forel, 191 l b : 198
(m.) JAVA.
inconspicuus. Aenictus inconspicuus Westwood, 1843:
85 (m.) SOUTH AFRICA. [Also described as n e w by
Westwood, 1847a: 238.]
jacobsoni. Aenictus jacobsoni Forel, I909d: 222 (m.)
JAVA.
javanus. Aenictusjavanus Emery, 1896f: 245, fig. (m.)
(attributed to Ritsema) JAVA. Forel, 1909d: 222
(w.). See also: Wilson, 1964a: 467.
#kanariensis. Aenictus clavatus var. kanariensis Forel,
1901a: 4 6 7 (diagnosis in key) (m.) INDIA.
karawaiewi. Aenictus fergusoni var. karawaiewi Wheeler,
W M . & C h a p m a n , in Wheeler, W.M. 1930g: 199
(diagnosis in key) (w.) n o locality given. J u n i o r syn­
o n y m of fergusoni: Wilson, 1964a: 462.
Species-Group Taxa 59
 AENICTUS (continued)
kenyensis. Aenictus eugeniae var. kenyensis Santschi,
1933b: 100 (w.) KENYA. Junior synonym of eugenii:
Gotwald & Cunningham-Van Someren, 1 9 7 6 : 1 8 3 .
#laetior. Aenictus fuscovarius var. laetior Forel, 1910c: 249
(m.) ETHIOPIA.
laeviceps. Typhlatta laeviceps Smith, F. 1857a: 79 (w.)
BORNEO. Wheeler, W.M. 1930g: 2 0 0 (q.); Wheeler,
G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1984:265 (1.). Combinationin
Aenictus: Forel, 1890b: ciii. Senior synonym of
breviceps, smythiesii and sundaica:Wilson, 1964a: 4 6 7 .
latifemoratus. Aenictus latifemoratus Terayama & Yam-
ane, 1989: 600, figs. 3 - 6 (w.) SUMATRA.
latiscapus. Aenictus latiscapus Forel, 1901a: 471 (m.)
INDIA. Current subspecies: nominal plus fumatus,
sauteri.
latro. Aenictus ceylonicus var. latro Forel, 1901a: 4 7 7 (w.)
INDIA. Junior synonym of ceylonicus: Wilson,
1964a: 4 5 2 .
leliepvrei. Aenictus leliepvrei Bernard, 1953a: 134, fig. 1
(m.) ALGERIA.
levior. Eciton (Aenictus) impressus var. levior Karavaiev,
1926d: 4 2 5 (w.) INDONESIA (Buru I.). Junior syn­
o n y m of aratus: Wilson, 1964a: 4 4 6 .
tifuiae. Aenictus lifuiae Terayama, 1984: 13, figs. 1-13
(w.m.) TAIWAN.
longi. Aenictus longiForel, 1901a: 4 7 0 (m.) INDIA. Cur­
rent subspecies: nominal plus taivanae.
luteus. Aenictus luteus Emery, 1892d: 568, pi. 15, figs.
11, 12 (m.) SIERRA LEONE. Current subspecies:
nominal plus moestus.
luzoni. Aenictus luzoni Wheeler, W.M. & Chapman,
1925:48, pi. 1, figs. 1, 2 (w.) PHILIPPINES. See also:
Wilson, 1964a: 4 7 0 .
#magrettii. Aenictus magrettiiEmery, 1892d: 569, pi. 15,
figs. 13, 14 (m.) SUDAN. Subspecies of fuscovarius:
Emery, 1895j:747.
mariae. Aenictus mariae Emery, 1895h: 18, pi. 2, figs. 5 -
7 (w.) SOUTH AFRICA. Current subspecies: nomi­
nal plus natalensis.
maroccanus. Aenictus maroccanus Santschi, 1926e: 2 3 2
(w.) MOROCCO.
martini. Aenictus martini Forel, 1901a: 4 7 3 (w.) WEST
MALAYSIA. Wheeler, W.M. 1930g: 203 (q.); Chap­
man, 1963: 251 (m.); Wheeler, G.C. 1943: 326 (1.).
Junior synonym of gracilis: Wilson, 1964a: 4 6 3 .
mauritanicus. Aenictus mauritanicus Santschi, 1910g:
756, fig. 11 (m.) "Cote atlantique du Sahara".
#maxillosus. Aenictus sumatrensis var. maxillosa Forel,
1913k: 2 4 (m.) SUMATRA.
mentu. Aenictus mentu Weber, 1942a: 40, fig. 2 (w.)
SUDAN.
#merwei. Aenictus rotundatus var. merwei Santschi,
1932a: 382 (w.) SOUTH AFRICA.
minutulus. Aenictus minutulus Terayama & Yamane,
1989: 601, figs. 7 - 1 0 (w.) SUMATRA.
mocsaryi. Aenictus mocsaryi Emery, 1901h: 152, fig.
(m.) NEW GUINEA.
moebii. Aenictus moebiiEmery, 1895J: 747, fig. NN (m.)
TOGO. Current subspecies: nominal plus sankisianus.
#moestus. Aenictus luteus var. moestus Santschi, 1930a:
56, figs. 18, 19 (m.) SUDAN.
montanus. Aenictus fergusoni var. montanus Forel, 1901a:
4 7 4 (w.) INDIA. Junior synonym of fergusoni:^ Wil­
son, 1964a: 4 6 2 .
60 Spedes-Group Taxa
mutatus. Aenictus moebii st. mutatus Santschi, 1913c:
304, fig. 2 (m.) IVORY COAST. Raised to species:
Santschi, 1920d: 370. Current subspecies: nominal
plus pudicus.
^natalensis. Aenictus mariae var. natalensis Forel, in
Emery, 190Id: 4 9 (w.) SOUTH AFRICA.
nesiotis. Aenictus (Aenictus) aratus subsp. nesiotis
Wheeler, W.M. & Chapman, in Wheeler, W.M.
1930g: 2 0 8 , fig. 7 (w.) PHILIPPINES. Junior syn­
o n y m of aratus: Wilson, 1964a: 4 4 6 .
nganduensis. Aenictus nganduensis Wilson, 1964a: 4 7 0 ,
figs. 47, 4 8 (w.) NEW GUINEA.
#noctivagus. Aenictus bottegoi st. noctivagus Santschi,
1913c: 303, fig. 1 (m.) ETHIOPIA.
obscurus. Aenictus obscurus Smith, F. 1865: 79 (m.)
NEW GUINEA.
orientalis. Eciton (Aenictus) ceylonicus subsp. orientalis
Karavaiev, 1926d: 4 2 3 , fig. 2 (w.) INDONESIA (Aru
I.). Junior synonym of ceylonicus: Wilson, 1964a:
452.
pachycerus. Eciton pachycerus Smith, F. 1858b: 153 (w.)
"South America ?" (in error; type-locality INDIA,
see Bingham, 1903: 21). Combination in Aenictus:
Dalla Torre, 1893: 8. Senior synonym of bengalensis:
Bingham, 1 9 0 3 : 2 0 ; of continuus: Wilson, 1964a:
4 7 1 . Current subspecies: nominal plus impressus.
papuanus. Aenictus papuanus Donisthorpe, 1941c: 129
(w.) NEW GUINEA. Junior synonym of ceylonicus:
Wilson, 1964a: 4 5 2 .
peguensis. Aenictuspeguensis Emery, 1895k: 4 5 2 (w.)
BURMA. Subspecies of ceylonicus: Forel, 1901a: 4 7 7 .
Revived status as species: Bingham, 1903: 2 2 . See
also: Wilson, 1964a: 4 7 2 .
pharoa. Aenictus pharao Santschi, 1924b: 2 0 1 , fig. 4
(m.) SUDAN.
philiporum. Aenictus philiporum Wilson, 1964a: 4 7 3 ,
fig. 74 (w.) AUSTRALIA.
phitippinensis. Aenictus (Aenictus) philippinensis Chap­
man, 1963: 247, fig. 1 (w.) PHILIPPINES. See also:
Wilson, 1964a: 4 7 3 .
piercei. Aenictus (Aenictus) piercei Wheeler, W.M. &
Chapman, in Wheeler, W.M. 1930g: 209, fig. 7 (w.)
PHILIPPINES. See also: Wilson, 1964a: 4 7 4 .
piltzi. Aenictus fergusoni var. piltziForel, 1901a: 4 7 4 (w.)
INDIA. Junior synonym oi fergusoni: Wilson, 1964a:
462.
porizonoides. Aenictus porizonoides Walker, 1860: 306
(m.) SRI LANKA. Senior synonym of greeni:
Donisthorpe, 1932b: 576.
powersi. Aenictus (Aenictus) powersi Wheeler, W.M. &
Chapman, in Wheeler, W.M. 1930g: 210, fig. 6 (w.)
PHILIPPINES. See also: Wilson, 1964a: 4 7 5 .
pubescens. Aenictus pubescens Smith, F. 1859b: 10, pi. 2,
fig. 17 (m.) INDIA.
tipudicus. Aenictus mutatus st. pudicus Santschi, 1919b:
2 3 4 (m.) IVORY COAST.
punctiventris. Aenictus punctiventris Emery, 190 Id: 4 7
(m.) BORNEO. Current subspecies: nominal plus
scutellaris.
punensis. Aenictus punensis Forel, 1901a: 4 7 6 (w.)
INDIA. See also: Wilson, 1964a: 4 7 6 .
rabori. Aenictus (Aenictus) rabori Chapman, 1 9 6 3 : 2 4 9 ,
fig. 2 (w.) PHILIPPINES. See also: Wilson, 1964a:
476.
raptor. Aenictus raptorForel, 1913b: 314 (m.) ZAIRE.
reyesi. Aenictus (Aenictus) reyesi Chapman, 1963: 250,
fig. 3 (w.) PHILIPPINES. See also: Wilson, 1964a:
477.
rhodiensis. Aenictus rhodiensis Menozzi, 1936d: 266,
fig. 1,1-1 (w.) GREECE.
fixator. Aenictus rixator Forel, in Emery, 1901d: 4 8 (w.)
SOUTH AFRICA.
rotundatus. Aenictus rotundatus Mayr, 1901b: 1 (w.)
SOUTH AFRICA. Current subspecies: nominal plus
guineensis, merwei.
rougieri. Aenictus rougieri Andre, 1893a: cxci (m.)
TUNISIA.
sagei. Aenictus wroughtonii var. sageiForel, 1901a: 4 6 9
(w.) INDIA. Raised to species: Wilson, 1964a: 4 7 7 .
#sagittarius. Aenictus fuscovarius st. Sagittarius Santschi,
1938a: 30,fig.2 (m.) EGYPT.
#sankisianus. Aenictus moebii r. sankisianus Forel,
1913b: 312 (m.) ZAIRE.
satoi. Aenictus latiscapus st. sauteri var. satoi Santschi,
1937h: 367 (m.) TAIWAN. Unavailable name.
#sauteri. Aenictus latiscapus r. sauteriForel, 1913f: 188
(m.) TAIWAN.
schneirlai. Aenictus schneirlaiWilson, 1964a: 4 7 9 , figs.
49, 50 (w.) NEW GUINEA.
#scutellaris. Aenictus punctiventris var. scutellaris Forel,
1912n: 53 (m.) SUMATRA.
shuckardi. Aenictus shuckardi Forel, 1901a: 471 (m.)
INDIA.
silvestrii. Aenictus (Paraenictus) silvestrii Wheeler, W.M.
1929g: 28, fig. 1 (w.) WEST MALAYSIA. See also:
Wilson, 1964a: 4 7 9 .
similis. Aenictus similis Donisthorpe, 1948g: 131 (w.)
NEW GUINEA. Junior synonym of ceylonicus: Wil­
son, 1964a: 4 5 2 .
smythiesii. Aenictus laeviceps var. smythiesii Forel, 1901a:
465 (diagnosis in key) (w.) INDIA. Junior synonym
of laeviceps: Wilson, 1964a: 4 6 7 .
soudanicus. Aenictus soudanicus Santschi, 1910g: 758,
fig. 12 (m.) SUDAN. Current subspedes: nominal
plus brunneus.
spathifer. Aenictus spathifer Santschi, 1928h: 119, fig. 1
(m.) SUMATRA.
ttspinosior. Aenictus hamifer r. spinosior Stitz, 1 9 1 7 : 3 3 5 ,
fig. 1 (m.) ALGERIA.
steindachneri. Aenictus steindachneri Mayr, 1901b: 2
(w.) SOUTH AFRICA.
sumatrensis. Aenictus sumatrensis Forel, 1913k: 23 (m.)
SUMATRA. Current subspedes: nominal plus max-
illosus.
#sundaicus. Aenictus clavatus subsp. sundaicus Forel,
1909d: 223 (m.) JAVA.
sundaica. Eciton (Aenictus) fergusoni var. sundaica
Karavaiev, 1927e: 7 (w.) JAVA. [Unresolved junior
secondary h o m o n y m of sundaicus Forel, above.]
Junior synonym of laeviceps: Wilson, 1964a: 467.
#taivanae. Aenictus longi r. taivanae Forel, 1913f: 189
(m.) TAIWAN.
togoensis. Aenictus togoensis Santschi, 1915c: 2 4 8 (m.)
TOGO.
tricarinata. Typhlatta tricarinata Smith, F. 1873: ix.
Nomen nudum, attributed to Mayr.
trigonus. Aenictus trigonus Forel, 1911b: 195 (m.) JAVA.
tttuberculatus. Aenictus tuberculatus Arnold, 1 9 1 5 : 1 4 2
(m.) ZIMBABWE. Subspedes of crucifer: Santschi,
1924b: 2 0 4 .
 turneri. Aenictus turneri Forel, 1900b: 75 (w.) AUS­
TRALIA. Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1964c: 131
(1.). Senior s y n o n y m of deuqueti: B r o w n , 1952b:
123; of exiguus: B r o w n , 1958a: 5. J u n i o r s y n o n y m
of ceylonicus: Wilson, 1964a: 4 5 2 .
unicolor. Aenictus unicolor Radoszkovsky, 1 8 8 1 : 1 9 8 .
Nomen nudum, attributed to Smith, F.
vagans. Aenictus vagans Santschi, 1924b: 200, fig. 3
(m.) NIGER.
vaucheri. Aenictus vaucheri Emery, 1915a: 252, pi. 4,
figs. 1,2 (q.) MOROCCO. Santschi, 1936c: 198 (w.).
villiersi. Aenictus villiersiBernard, 1953b: 2 2 1 , fig. 7
(w.) GUINEA.
#viridans. Aenictus humeralis var. viridans Santschi,
1915c: 2 4 8 (m.) BENIN.
weissi. Aenictus weissi Santschi, 1910c: 354, fig. 2 (w.)
CONGO. Santschi, 1920b: 9 (q.).
westwoodi. Aenictus ambiguus var. westwoodi Forel,
1901a: 469 (m.) INDIA. Raised to species: Bingham,
1903: 10.
wroughtonii. Aenictus wroughtoniiForel, 1890b: ciii
(w.m.) INDIA. See also: Wilson, 1964a: 4 8 0 .
AEROMYRMA: see u n d e r OLIGOMYRMEX.
AETHIOPOPONE: see u n d e r SPHINCTOMYRMEX.
AFROXYIDRIS (west Africa)
crigensis. Afroxyidris crigensis Belshaw & Bolton, 1994:
632, figs. 1-3 (w.) GHANA.
AGRAULOMYRMEX ( s o u t h e r n Africa)
meridionalis. Agraulomyrmex meridionalis Prins, 1983:
2, fig. 1 (w.) SOUTH AFRICA.
wilsoni. AgraulomyrmexwilsoniPrins, 1983: 5, fig. 2
(w.q.) ZIMBABWE.
*AGROECOMYRMEX (Baltic Amber)
*duisburgi. *Myrmica duisburgi Mayr, 1868c: 87, pi. 5,
figs. 87, 88 (w.) BALTIC AMBER (Oligocene).
Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 58 ( q ) . Combination in
*Agroecomyrmex: Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 57.
#ALAOPONE: see u n d e r DORYLUS.
ALFARIA: see u n d e r GNAMPTOGENYS.
ALISTRUMA: see u n d e r COLOBOSTRUMA.
ALLOFORMICA (Palaearctic)
aberrans. Formica aberrans Mayr, 1 8 7 7 : 7 (w.)
TURKESTAN. [Redescribed in Latin: Mayr, 1880:
27.] Combination in Formica (Proformica): Ruzsky,
1905b: 4 2 1 ; in Proformica: Kuznetsov-Ugamsky,
1927b: 28; in Proformica (Alloformica): DIussky,
1969a: 219; in Alloformica: DIussky, S o y u n o v &
Zabelin, 1 9 9 0 : 1 4 3 . See also: Agosti, 1994a: 99.
flavicornis. Cataglyphis cursor subsp. flavicornis
Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1926a: 72 (w.) UZBEKISTAN.
Combination in Alloformica: Agosti, 1990a: 1495.
J u n i o r s y n o n y m of Cataglyphis rockingeri: Santschi,
1929b: 36; of Cataglyphis aenescens: DIussky,
S o y u n o v & Zabelin, 1990: 149. Revived from s y n o n ­
y m y a n d raised to species: Agosti, 1990a: 1495. See
also: Agosti, 1994a: 99.
nitidior. Formica (Proformica) aberrans var. nitidior
Forel, 1904b: 383 (w.) TURKESTAN. Combination
in Proformica (Alloformica): DIussky, 1969a: 220; in
Alloformica: DIussky, S o y u n o v & Zabelin, 1990: 144.
Raised t o species: DIussky, 1969a: 2 2 0 . See also: armigera. Amblyopone armigera Mayr, 1887: 547 (w.)
Agosti, 1994a: 99. BRAZIL. Combination in Stigmatomma: Dalla Torre,
obscurior. Alloformica obscurior DIussky, in DIussky, 1 8 9 3 : 1 4 ; in Stigmatomma (Fulakora): M a n n , 1919:
S o y u n o v & Zabelin, 1 9 9 0 : 1 4 5 , fig. 15 (w.) 279; in Amblyopone: Borgmeier, 1 9 5 7 : 1 0 9 .
TURKMENISTAN. australis. Amblyopone australis Erichson, 1 8 4 2 : 2 6 1 , pi.
5, fig. 7 (w.) AUSTRALIA. Smith, F. 1858b: 109
ALLOMERUS (Neotropical)
(q.m.); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1952a: 116 (1.);
angulatus. Allomerus decemarticulatus subsp.
Imai, Crozier & Taylor, 1977: 347 (k.). Senior syn­
octoarticulatus var. angulatus Wheeler, W.M. & M a n n ,
o n y m of laevidens a n d nana: Wilson, 1958a: 142; of
i n Wheeler, W.M. 1 9 4 2 : 2 0 1 (w.) BOLIVIA. Unavail­
cephalotes (and its j u n i o r s y n o n y m maculata):
able n a m e . [Allomerus octoarticulatus var. angulatus:
B r o w n , 1958h: 14; of fortis, foveolata, minor a n d
Kempf, 1972a: 19; unavailable name.]
obscura, a n d material of the unavailable n a m e s
decemarticulatus. Allomerus decemarticulatus Mayr,
howensis, norfolkensis, pallens a n d queenslandica
1878: 8 7 4 (w.) BRAZIL. Kempf, 1975c: 347 (q.).
referred here: Brown, 1960a: 167 (these previously
Current subspecies: n o m i n a l plus novemarticulatus,
provisional s y n o n y m s in B r o w n , 1958h: 13). See
septemarticulatus.
also: Taylor, 1 9 7 9 : 8 3 5 .
Udemerarae. Allomerus octoarticulatus var. demerarae
barretoi. Stigmatomma (Fulakora) elongata st. barretoi
Wheeler, W.M., i n Wheeler, G.C. 1935: 92, pis. 7, 8
Bruch, 1 9 2 1 : 184, fig. 6 (w.) ARGENTINA. J u n i o r
(1.) GUIANA. [Allomerus octoarticulatus var. demerarae
s y n o n y m of elongata: Borgmeier, 1 9 5 7 : 1 1 0 .
Wheeler, W.M. 1929h: 3 4 3 . Nomen nudum.)
bellii. Amblyopone (Stigmatomma) ie/ZzYForel, 1900c: 55
Wheeler, W.M. 1942: 200 (w.q.m.).
(w.) INDIA. Combination in Stigmatomma: Bingham,
exsanguis. Allomerus decemarticulatus subsp.
1903: i8; inAmblyopone:Brown, 1960a: 193.
octoarticulatus var. exsanguis Wheeler, W.M. & M a n n ,
besucheti. Amblyopone besucheti Baroni Urbani, 1978a:
in Wheeler, W.M. 1 9 4 2 : 2 0 0 (w.q.) BOLIVIA.
4 9 , figs. 15, 16 (w.) SEYCHELLES IS.
Unavailable n a m e . [Allomerus octoarticulatus var.
bierigi. Stigmatomma (Fulakora) bierigi Santschi, 1930c:
exsanguis: Kempf, 1972a: 19; unavailable n a m e . ]
75 (w.) CUBA. Combination in Amblyopone: Brown,
melanoticus. Allomerus decemarticulatus subsp.
1960a: 167.
octoarticulatus var. melanoticus Wheeler, W.M. &
M a n n , in Wheeler, W.M. 1942: 202 (w.q.m.) binodosus. Arotropus binodosus Provancher, 1881 a: 206,
BOLIVIA. Unavailable n a m e . [Allomerus figs. 32, 33 (q.) CANADA. Provancher, 1 8 8 7 : 2 4 0
octoarticulatus var. melanoticus:Kempf, 1972a: 19; (w.). Combination in Amblyopone: Provancher,
unavailable n a m e . ] 1887: 240; in Stigmatomma: Dalla Torre, 1 8 9 3 : 1 4 .
J u n i o r s y n o n y m of pallipes: Emery, 1895c: 2 6 1 .
^novemarticulatus. Allomerus decemarticulatus subsp.
bruni. Stigmatomma bruni Forel, 1912a: 45 (w.) TAI­
novemarticulatus Wheeler, W.M. & M a n n , in
WAN. Forel, 1913f: 183 (m.). C o m b i n a t i o n i n
Wheeler, W.M. 1942: 199 (w.) BOLIVIA.
Amblyopone, a n d senior s y n o n y m oijuergi: B r o w n ,
octoarticulatus. Allomerus octoarticulatus Mayr, 1878:
1960a: 168.
8 7 4 (w.) BRAZIL. Forel, 1904e: 679 (q.m.);
castaneus Smith, F. 1860; see u n d e r MYOPOPONE.
Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1955c: 125 (J.). Subspe­
celata. Stigmatomma (Fulakora) celata M a n n , 1 9 1 9 : 2 7 9 ,
cies of decemarticulatus: Wheeler, W.M. 1 9 4 2 : 1 9 9 .
fig. 2 (w.) SOLOMON IS. C o m b i n a t i o n i n
Revived status as species: Kempf, 1972a: 19. Cur­
Amblyopone: Wilson, 1958a: 143. See also: Taylor,
rent subspecies: n o m i n a l plus demerarae, tuberculatus.
1979:830.
^septemarticulatus. Allomerus septemarticulatus Mayr,
cephalotes. Amblyopone cephalotes Smith, F. 1876c: 4 9 0
1878: 8 7 4 (w.) BRAZIL. Forel, 1904e: 6 8 0 (q.). Vari­
(w.) NEW ZEALAND. Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J.
ety of octoarticulatus: Forel, 1904e: 680. Subspecies
1952a: 117 (1.). Subspecies of australis a n d senior
of decemarticulatus: Wheeler, W.M. 1942: 2 0 3 .
s y n o n y m of maculata: Wheeler, W.M. 1927c: 13.
#tuberculatus. Allomerus octoarticulatus r. tuberculatus
J u n i o r s y n o n y m of australis: B r o w n , 1958h: 14.
Forel, 1912g: 2 (w.m.) BRAZIL.
chilensis. Amblyopone chilensis Mayr, 1887: 547 (w.)
vogeli. Allomerus vogeliKempf, 1975c: 348, figs. 1-4
CHILE. Combination in Stigmatomma: Dalla Torre,
(w.m.) BRAZIL.
1 8 9 3 : 1 4 ; in Stigmatomma (Fulakora): M a n n , 1919:
ALLOPHEIDOLE: see u n d e r PHEIDOLE. 279; in Amblyopone: B r o w n , 1960a: 183.
clarki. Amblyopone clarki Wheeler, W.M. 1 9 2 7 c 24, fig.
AMAUROMYRMEX: see u n d e r PHEIDOLOGETON.
7 (w.q.) AUSTRALIA.
AMBLYOPONE (World tropics a n d t e m p e r a t e zones) degenerata. Amblyopone degenerate Borgmeier, 1957:
aberrans. Amblyopone aberrans Wheeler, W.M. 1927c: 111, figs. 1 8 - 2 0 (w.) BRAZIL.
26, fig. 8 (w.q.m.) AUSTRALIA. denticulata. Stigmatomma denticulatum Roger, 1859:
amblyops. Stigmatomma amblyops Karavaiev, 1935a: 57, 2 5 1 , pi. 7, fig. 2 (w.) GREECE. Emery, 1875a: 74
fig. 1 (w.) VIETNAM. Combination in Amblyopone: (m.);Emery, 1909c: 357 (q.). C o m b i n a t i o n i n
B r o w n , 1960a: 167. Amblyopone: E m e r y & Forel, 1 8 7 9 : 4 5 5 ; in
annae. Amblyopone (Stigmatomma) annae Arnol'di, Stigmatomma: Dalla Torre, 1 8 9 3 : 1 4 ; in Amblyopone:
1968: 1801, fig. 2 (w.) TURKMENIA. See also: B r o w n , 1960a: 168. Senior s y n o n y m of gheorghieffi:
DIussky & Zabelin, 1 9 8 5 : 2 0 9 . Emery, 1915a: 2 5 5 , Emery, 1916b: 100; of
gracilicornis: B r o w n , 1960a: 168. See also: Baroni
arizonense. Stigmatomma pallipes subsp. arizonense
Urbani, 1978a: 42; Atanassov & DIussky, 1992: 6 1 .
Wheeler, W.M. 1915b: 389 (w.) U.S.A. J u n i o r syn­
o n y m of pallipes: Creighton, 1940b: 3.
Species-Group Taxa 61
AMBLYOPONE (continued)
egregia. Ericapelta egregia Kusnezov, 1955: 274, figs. 5 -
7 (m.) ARGENTINA. Combination in Amblyopone:
Brown, 1960a: 168.
elongata. Stigmatomma elongata Santschi, 1912e: 519,
fig. 1 (w.) URUGUAY. Borgmeier, 1957: 110 (q.).
Combination in Stigmatomma (Fulakora): Santschi,
1922d: 241; in Amblyopone: Borgmeier, 1957: 110.
Senior synonym of barretoi, minor and paranense:
Borgmeier, 1 9 5 7 : 1 1 0 .
emeryi. Stigmatomma emeryi Saunders, 1890: 203, fig.
(w.) MOROCCO. Emery, 1915a: 2 5 4 (m.). Combina­
tion in Amblyopone: Brown, 1960a: 168.
exigua. Amblyopone exigua Clark, 1928a: 35, pi. 1, figs.
2 0 - 2 3 (q.) AUSTRALIA.
falcata. Amblyoponefalcata Lattke, 1991b: 1, fig. 1 (w.)
PUERTO RICO.
feae. Stigmatomma feae Emery, 1895k: 4 5 4 (w.)
BURMA. Combination in Amblyopone: Forel, 1900c:
56.
ferruginea. Amblyopone ferruginea Smith, F. 1858b: 110
(w.) AUSTRALIA. Andre, 1896b: 261 (q.). Senior
synonym of mandibularis .-Brown, 1952i: 265. See
also: Brown, 1960a: 206.
fortis. Amblyopone australis var. fortis Forel, 1910b: 1 (w.)
AUSTRALIA. Wheeler, W.M. 1927c: 9 (q.). Junior
synonym of australis: Brown, 1960a: 167.
foveolata. Amblyopone australis subsp. foveolata Wheeler,
W.M. 1927c: 9 (w.q.m.) AUSTRALIA. Junior syn­
onym of australis: Brown, 1960a: 167.
fulvida. Amblyopone fulvida Terayama, 1987: 31, figs. 1 -
5 (w.) JAPAN.
gaetulica. Amblyoponegaetulica Baroni Urbani, 1978a:
47, figs. 6, 12 (w.) MOROCCO. See also: Tinaut,
1990d: 189.
gheorghieffi. Amblyoponegheorghieffi Forel, 1892i: 309
(m.) BULGARIA. Combination in Stigmatomma:
Dalla Torre, 1 8 9 3 : 1 4 . Junior synonym of
denticulata:Emery, 1915a: 255.
gingivalis. AmblyoponegingivalisBrown, 1960a: 205,
figs. 30, 31 (w.) AUSTRALIA.
glauerti. Lithomyrmexglauerti Clark, 1928a: 31, pi. 1,
figs. 1-11 (w.q.m.) AUSTRALIA. Combination in
Amblyopone: Brown, 1960a: 168.
gnoma. Amblyoponegnoma Taylor, 1979: 829, figs. 1 3 -
16 (w.q.) SOLOMON IS.
gracilicomis. Stigmatomma denticulatum var. gracilicornis
Menozzi, 1936d: 2 6 8 (w.) GREECE. Junior syn­
onym of denticulata: Brown, 1960a: 168.
gracilis. Amblyopone (Fulakora) gracilis Clark, 1934c:
52, pi. 4, figs. 3, 4 (w.q.) AUSTRALIA.
hackeri. Amblyopone hackeriWheeler, W.M. 1927c: 22,
fig. 6 (w.) AUSTRALIA.
howensis. Amblyopone australis subsp. cephalotes var.
howensis Wheeler, W.M. 1927c: 15 (w.q.m.) AUS­
TRALIA. Unavailable name (Taylor, 1986: 34);
material referred to australis by Brown, 1960a: 167.
impressifrons. Stigmatomma impressifrons Emery,
1869b: 13, pi. 1, fig. 8 (w.q.) ITALY. Emery, 1915a:
2 5 4 (m.). Combination in Amblyopone: Emery &
Forel, 1 8 7 9 : 4 5 5 . See also: Baroni Urbani, 1978a:
44; Atanassov & DIussky, 1992: 62.
juergi. Stigmatomma brunir.juergiForel, 1 9 2 2 : 8 7 (w.)
TAIWAN. Junior synonym of bruni: Brown, 1960a:
168.
62 Species-Group Taxa
laevidens. Amblyopone laevidens Emery, 1887b: 4 4 7 (w.)
NEW GUINEA. Subspecies of australis: Wheeler,
W.M. 1927c: 12. Junior synonym of australis: Wil­
son, 1958a: 142.
leae. Amblyopone leae Wheeler, W.M. 1927c: 16,fig.3
(w.) AUSTRALIA.
longidens. Amblyopone ferruginea var. longidens Forel,
1910b: 1 (w.) AUSTRALIA. Wheeler, G.C. &
Wheeler, J. 1964b: 446 (1.). Junior synonym of
ferruginea: Wheeler, W.M. 1927c: 20. Revived from
synonymy and raised to species: Brown, 1952i: 266.
See also: Brown, 1960a: 207.
lucida. Amblyopone (Fulakora) lucida Clark, 1934b: 27,
pi. 2, fig. 8 (w.) AUSTRALIA.
lurilabes. Amblyopone lurilabes Lattke, 1991b: 2, fig. 2
(w.q.) VENEZUELA.
luzonica. Stigmatomma (Fulakora) luzonicum Wheeler,
W.M. & Chapman, 1925: 56, pi. 1, fig. 18 (q.) PHIL­
IPPINES. Combination in Amblyopone, and senior
synonym of williamsi: Brown, 1960a: 168.
maculata. Amblyopone cephalotes var. maculata Stitz,
1911a: 351 (w.) NEW ZEALAND. Junior synonym
of cephalotes: Wheeler, W.M. 1927c: 13.
mandibularis. Amblyopone mandibularis Clark, 1928a:
33, pi. 1, figs. 12-15 (w.) AUSTRALIA. Junior syn­
o n y m of ferruginea: Brown, 1952i: 265.
mercovichi. Amblyopone mercovichi Brown, 1960a: 2 0 1 ,
figs. 29, 32 (w.) AUSTRALIA.
michaelseni. Amblyopone michaelseni Forel, 1907h: 2 6 3
(w.) AUSTRALIA. Clark, 1928a: 33 (q.).
minor. Amblyopone minor Forel, 1915b: 1 (w.q.m.) AUS­
TRALIA. Junior synonym of australis: Brown,
1960a: 167.
minor. Stigmatomma (Fulakora) elongata var. minor
Santschi, 1922d: 241 (w.) ARGENTINA. [Unre­
solved junior secondary h o m o n y m of minor Forel,
above.] Junior synonym of elongata: Borgmeier,
1957:110.
minuta. Stigmatomma minuta Forel, 1913k: 4 (w.)
SUMATRA. Combination in Stigmatomma
(Fulakora): Mann, 1919: 279; in Amblyopone:
Brown, 1960a: 168 (see also p. 196).
monrosi. Amblyopone monrosiBrown, 1960a: 188, fig.
20 (w.) CHILE.
montigena. Stigmatomma pallipes subsp. montigena
Creighton, 1940b: 7 (w.q.) U.S.A. Junior synonym
of pallipes: Brown, 1949c: 8 4 .
mutica. Stigmatomma (Xymmer) muticum Santschi,
1914d: 311, fig. 2 (w.) NIGERIA. Combinationin
Xymmer: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 758; in Amblyopone:
Brown, 1960a: 168.
mystriops. Amblyopone mystriops Brown, 1960a: 185,
fig. 19 (q.) GUATEMALA. Lattke, 1991b: 5 (w.).
nana. Amblyopone nana Emery, 1914f: 394 (w.q.) NEW
CALEDONIA. Subspecies of australis Wheeler, W.M.
1927c: 16. Junior synonym of australis: Wilson,
1958a: 142.
noonadan. Amblyopone noonadan Taylor, 1965a: 6, figs.
3, 4 (w.) NEW BRITAIN. Taylor, 1979: 826 (m.).
norfolkensis. Amblyopone australis subsp. cephalotes var.
norfolkensis Wheeler, W.M. 1927c: 15 (w.) AUS­
TRALIA. Unavailable n a m e (Taylor, 1986: 34);
material referred to australis by Brown, 1960a: 167.
normandi. Stigmatomma normandi Santschi, 1915a: 54,
fig. 1 (w.) TUNISIA. Combination in Amblyopone:
Brown, 1960a: 169. See also: Baroni Urbani, 1978a:
45.
obscura. Amblyopone obscura Smith, F. 1858b: 109
(w.q.) AUSTRALIA. Clark, 1925b: 138 (m.). Variety
of flHJfra&:Froggatt, 1905: 8; Forel, 1910b: 2. Sub­
species of australis: Wheeler, W.M. 1927c: 10. Junior
synonym of australis: Brown, 1960a: 167.
ophthalmica. Amblyopone ophthalmica Baroni Urbani,
1978a: 44, figs. 3, 9 (w.) ISRAEL.
oregonensis. Stigmatomma pallipes subsp. oregonense
Wheeler, W.M. 1915b: 389 (w.q.) U.S.A. Combina­
tion in Amblyopone, and raised to species: Brown,
1960a: 169. See also: Ward, 1988: 105.
orizabana. Amblyopone orizabana Brown, 1960a: 190
(w.) MEXICO. Senior synonym of tropicalis: Lattke,
1991b: 5.
pollens. Amblyopone australis subsp. obscura var. pallens
Wheeler, W.M. 1927c: 11 (w.) AUSTRALIA.
Unavailable n a m e (Taylor, 1986: 34); material
referred to australis by Brown, 1960a: 167.
pallipes. Typhlopone pallipes Haldeman, 1844: 54 (w.)
U.S.A. Emery, 1895c: 261 (q.m.); Wheeler G.C. &
Wheeler, J. 1 9 5 2 : 1 1 4 (1.). Combination in
Amblyopone: Haldeman, 1849a: 201 (footnote); in
Stigmatomma: Roger, 1863b: 20; in Amblyopone:
Brown, 1960a: 169. [Stigmatomma pallidipes: Dalla
Torre, 1893: 14, unjustified emendation.] Senior
synonym of serratum: Mayr, 1886d: 439; of
binodosus: Emery, 1895c: 2 6 1 ; of arizonense and
wheeleri: Creighton, 1940b: 3; of montigena: Brown,
1949c: 84; of subterranea: Brown, 1960a: 169. See
also: Whelden, 1 9 5 8 : 1 ; TranieUo, 1982: 65.
papuana. Amblyopone papuana Taylor, 1979: 828, figs.
5-8 (w.q.) NEW GUINEA.
paranense. Stigmatomma (Fulakora) elongatum var.
paranense Santschi, 1925b: 6 (w.) BRAZIL. Junior
synonym of elongata: Borgmeier, 1957: 110.
pertinax. Amblyoponepertinax Baroni Urbani, 1978a:
48, figs. 13, 14 (w.) INDIA.
pluto. Amblyopone pluto Gotwald & Levieux, 1972:
384, figs. 1-26 (w.q.m.) IVORY COAST.
punctulata. Amblyopone (Fulakora) punctulata Clark,
1934b: 28, pi. 2, figs. 9, 10 (w.q.) AUSTRALIA.
quadrata. Stigmatomma quadratum Karavaiev, 1935a:
58 (w.) VIETNAM. Combination in Amblyopone:
Brown, 1960a: 169.
queenslandica. Amblyopone australis subsp. laevidens var.
queenslandica Wheeler, W M . 1927c: 12 (w.q.) AUS­
TRALIA. Unavailable n a m e (Taylor, 1986: 34);
material referred to australis by Brown, 1960a: 167.
reclinata. Amblyopone reclinata Mayr, 1879: 6 6 7 (w.)
JAVA. Stitz, 1 9 2 5 : 1 1 0 (m.); Imai, Brown etal. 1984:
67 (k.). Combination in Stigmatomma: Dalla Torre,
1893:14; in Amblyopone: Brown, 1960a: 169 (see
also p. 193).
rothneyi. Amblyopone (Stigmatomma) rothneyi Forel,
1900c: 56 (w.) INDIA. Combination in Stigmatomma:
Bingham, 1903: 37; in Amblyopone: Brown, 1960a:
169.
rubiginoa. Amblyopone rubiginous Wu & Wang, 1992:
1303, fig. 4 5 6 7 (w.) CHINA.
sakaii. Amblyopone sakaiiTerayama, 1989b: 344, figs.
1, 2 (w.) TAIWAN.
santschii. Stigmatomma santschii Menozzi, 1922a: 347
(w.) SENEGAL. Combination in Amblyopone:
Brown, 1960a: 169.
saundersi. AmblyoponesaunderstForel, 1892c: 336 (q.)
NEW ZEALAND. Clark, 1928a: 36 (w.). Combina­
tion in Stigmatomma: Dalla Torre, 1893: 15;in
Stigmatomma (Fulakora): Mann, 1919:279; in
Amblyopone: Brown, 1958h: 15. See also: Brown,
1960a: 209.
serratum. Stigmatommaserratum Roger, 1859:251 (w.)
U.S.A. Junior synonym of pallipes: Mayr, 1886d:
439.
silvestrii. Stigmatomma silvestrii Wheeler, W.M. 1928d:
97 (w.) JAPAN. Ogata, 1 9 8 7 : 1 0 3 (m.); Terayama,
1989b: 345 (q.);Masuko, 1990b: 221 (1.). Combina­
tion in Amblyopone: Brown, 1960a: 169 (see also
p. 197). See also: Masuko, 1993: 35.
smithi. Amblyopone smithi Brown, 1960a: 2 1 1 , fig. 40
(w.) AUSTRALIA.
subterranea. Stigmatomma pallipes subsp. subterranea
Creighton, 1940b: 8 (w.) U.S.A. Raised to species:
Brown, 1949c: 85. Junior synonym of pallipes:
Brown, 1960a: 169.
testacea. ~>Amblyopone testacea Motschoulsky, 1 8 6 3 : 1 5
(q.) SRI LANKA. Nomen dubium (not congeneric
with Cryptopone testacea Emery, 1893a: cclxxv), see
Wilson, 1958d: 360.
trigonignatha. Amblyopone (Stigmatomma)
trigonignatha Brown, 1949c: 81, fig. 1 (w.) U.S.A.
tropicalis. Amblyopone tropicalis Brown, 1962a: 73 (w.q.)
PANAMA. Junior synonym of orizabana: Lattke,
1991b: 5.
wheeleri. Stigmatomma pallidipes [sic] var. wheeleri
Santschi, 1914a: 4 2 9 (w.q.m.) U.S.A. Junior syn­
o n y m of pallipes: Creighton, 1940b: 3.
williamsi. Stigmatomma (Fulakora) williamsi Wheeler,
W.M. & Chapman, 1925: 56, pi. 1, fig. 19 (w.q.)
PHILIPPINES. Junior synonym of luzonica: Brown,
1960a: 168.
wilsoni. Amblyopone wilsoni Clark, 1928a: 34, pl.l, figs.
16-19 (w.) AUSTRALIA.
zwaluwenburgi. Stigmatomma (Fulakora)
zwaluwenburgiWMams, 1946: 639 (w.) HAWAH.
Combination in Amblyopone: Brown, 1960a: 169.
*AMEGHINOIA (Argentina)
*piatnitzkyi. *Ameghinoiapiatnitzkyiyxana &Haedo
Rossi, 1 9 5 7 : 1 1 3 , figs. 1-3, 3 pis. (q.) ARGENTINA
(Upper Oligocene-Lower Miocene).
AMMOMYRMA: see under DORYMYRMEX.
AMYRMEX: see under FORELWS.
ANACANTHOLEPIS: see under PLAGIOLEPIS.
ANACANTHOPONERA: see under HETEROPONERA.
ANCYLOGNATHUS: see under ECITON.
ANCYRIDRIS (New Guinea)
polyrhachioides. Ancyridris polyrhachioides Wheeler,
W.M. 1935a: 2, fig. 1 (w.) NEW GUINEA.
rupicapra. Pheidole (Pheidolacanthinus) rupicapra Stitz,
1938: 99, fig. 1 (w.) NEW GUINEA. Combination in
Ancyridris: n e w c o m b i n a t i o n .
ANDRAGNATHUS: see under PARATRECHINA.
ANELEUS: see under OLIGOMYRMEX.
ANERGATES (west Palaearctic, east Nearctic)
atratulus. Myrmica atratula Schenck, 1852:91 (q.m.)
GERMANY. Wheeler, W.M. 1909g: 182 (1.). Combi­
n a t i o n i n Tetramorium: Mayr, 1855: 429; in
Anergates: Forel, 1874: 68 (see also p. 93). [Also
described as n e w by Schenck, 1853:186.] Senior
synonym of friedlandi: Creighton, 1950a: 2 4 3 . See
also: Donisthorpe, 1915d: 89; Boven, 1977: 81;
Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1955c: 128; Atanassov
& DIussky, 1 9 9 2 : 1 6 1 .
friedlandi. Anergates friedlandi Creighton, 1 9 3 4 : 1 9 3 (q.)
U.S.A. Junior synonym of atratulus: Creighton,
1950a: 243.
ANERGATIDES: see under PHEIDOLE.
*ANEURETELLUS (Russia)
*deformis. *Aneuretellus deformis DIussky, 1988: 54, fig.
2 (w.q.) RUSSIA (Palaeocene?).
ANEURETUS (Sri Lanka)
simoni. Aneuretus simoni Emery, 1893a: cclxxvi (w.)
SRI LANKA. Wilson, Eisner et al. 1956: 82 (q.m.l.).
[Also described as n e w by Emery, 1893f: 242.]
Senior synonym of butteli: Wilson, Eisner etal. 1956:
8 1 . See also: Gotwald, 1970: 950; Jayasuriya &
Traniello, 1986: 363; Traniello & Jayasuriya, 1986:
375; Shattuck, 1994: 1..
butteli. Aneuretus butteli forel, 1912m: 770 (q.) SRI
LANKA. [Also described as n e w by Forel, 1913k:
87.] Junior synonym of simoni: Wilson, Eisner et al.
1956:81.
ANILLWRIS (Neotropical)
bruchi. Anillidris bruchi Santschi, 1936d: 414, figs. 2 1 -
28 (w.) ARGENTINA. Santschi, 1937c: 69 (q.m.).
Combination in Linepithema: Kempf, 1972a: 135; in
Anillidris: Shattuck, 1994: 3.
gallardoi. Anillidris gallardoiKusnezov, 1954b: 37.
Nomen nudum.
ANILLOMYRMA (Oriental, Indo-Australian)
#continentis. Anillomyrma decamera subsp. continentis
Wheeler, W M . 1927h: 96 (w.) VIETNAM.
decamera. Monomorium decamerum Emery, 1 9 0 1 e : 1 1 7
(w.) SRI LANKA. Combination in Monomorium
(Anillomyrma): Emery, 1 9 1 3 : 2 6 1 ; in Anillomyrma:
Ettershank, 1966: 98. See also: Bolton, 1 9 8 7 : 2 7 4 .
Current subspecies: nominal plus continentis.
tridens. Anillomyrma tridens Bolton, 1987: 274, figs. 1,
4 (w.) BORNEO.
AN1SOPHEWOLE (Australia)
antipodum. Atta antipodum Smith, F. 1858b: 166 (q.)
AUSTRALIA. Combination in Pheidole: Mayr, 1886c:
360; in Aphaenogaster: Wheeler, W.M. 1916j: 216; in
Pheidole: Emery, 1922e: 97; in Anisopheidole:
Ettershank, 1 9 6 6 : 1 3 2 . Junior synonym of
Aphaenogaster longiceps: Wheeler, W.M. 1916j: 216.
Revived from synonymy, and senior synonym of
froggatti (and its junior synonyms lippulum and
myops): Ettershank, 1966: 132.
froggatti. Pheidole froggatti Forel, 1902h: 4 1 4 (q.m.)
AUSTRALIA. Forel, 1907h: 282 (s.w.). Combination
in Pheidole (Allopheidole): Forel, 1912f: 237; in
Pheidole (Anisopheidole): Forel, 1914c: 616. Senior
synonym of lippulum: Brown, 1953h: 7; of myops:
Emery, 1921f: 83. Junior synonym of antipodum:
Ettershank, 1966: 132.
lippulum. Monomorium lippulum Wheeler, W.M. 1927h:
89, fig. 3 (w.) AUSTRALIA. Junior synonym of
froggatti: Brown, 1953h: 7.
myops. Pheidole myops Forel, 1902h: 421 (w.) AUS­
TRALIA. Junior synonym oi froggatti: Emery, 1921f:
83.
ANKYLOMYRMA (west Africa)
coronacantha. Ankylomyrma coronacantha Bolton,
1973c: 235, figs. 1-3 (w.) GHANA. See also: Bolton,
1981b: 247.
ANOCHETUS (World tropics and subtropics)
abstracta. Anochetus bequaerti st. abstracta Santschi,
1914e: 12 (w.) SOUTH AFRICA. Junior s y n o n y m of
bequaerti:Brown, 1978c: 556.
africanus. Stenomyrmexafricanus Mayr, 1865:11 (foot­
note) (w.) GHANA. Andre, 1892a: 47 (q.). Combi­
nation in Anochetus: Forel, 1887: 382. Senior
synonym of camerunensis: Mayr, 1904b: 2; of
pasteuri: Brown, 1978c: 556 (see also p. 602).
agilis. Anochetusagilis Emery, 1901a: 52 (w.) BOR­
NEO. Viehmeyer, 1916a: 116 (q.). See also: Brown,
1978c: 578.
altisquamis. Anochetus altisquamis Mayr, 1887: 529
(w.) BRAZIL. Senior synonym of fumata: Kempf &
Lenko, 1976: 58.
amati. Anochetus amati Karavaiev, 1925c: 285, fig. 8
(q.) INDONESIA (Aru I.). Junior synonym of
graeffei: Wilson, 1959a: 507.
* ambiguus. *Anochetus ambiguus De Andrade, 1994:17,
fig. 18 (w.) DOMINICAN AMBER.
angolensis. Anochetus angolensis Brown, 1978c: 600,
fig. 49 (w.) ANGOLA.
angusticomis. Anochetus angusticomis Arnold, 1946: 56
(w.q.) ZIMBABWE. Junior synonym of traegaordhi:
Brown, 1978c: 559.
armstrongi. Anochetus armstrongi McAreavey, 1 9 4 9 : 1 ,
figs. 1-6 (w.q.) AUSTRALIA. See also: Brown,
1978c: 597.
aurifrons. Anochetus pellucidus var. aurifrons Santschi,
1910c: 351 (w.) CONGO. Junior synonym of
pellucidus:Brown, 1978c: 558.
australis. Anochetus australis Emery, 1906c: 117, fig. 2
(w.) URUGUAY. Santschi, 1929d: 278 (q.). Subspe­
cies of mayri:Emery, 1911d: 110; Bruch, 1915: 528.
Junior synonym of neglectus: Brown, 1978c: 558.
beccarii. Anochetus beccarii Emery, 1884a: 379 (diagno­
sis in key) (w.) SUMATRA. Junior synonym of
rugosus: Brown, 1964d:214.
bequaerti. Anochetus bequaerti Forel, 1913b: 309 (w.)
ZAIRE. Arnold, 1915: 104 (q.m.). Senior synonym
of abstracta, estus and opaciventris: Brown, 1978c: 556.
bierigi. Anochetus bierigi Santschi, 1931c: 268, figs. 4 - 6
(w.q.) PANAMA. Junior synonym of diegensis:
Brown, 1964d:215.
bispinosus. Odontomachus bispinosus Smith, F. 1858b:
199 (w.) BRAZIL. Combination in Stenomyrmex:
Mayr, 1886c: 361; in Anochetus: Dalla Torre, 1893:
47. See also: Brown, 1976a: 103.
*brevidentatus. *Anochetus brevidentatus MacKay, 1991:
138, figs. 1-3, 8 (w.) DOMINICAN AMBER. See
also: De Andrade, 1994:19.
Species-Group Taxa 63
ANOCHETUS (continued)
brevis. Anochetus brevis Brown, 1978c: 581, fig. 2 (w.)
PHILIPPINES.
butteli. Anochetus longifossatus r. butteli Forel, 1913k: 18
(w.) SRI LANKA. Junior synonym of longifossatus:
Brown, 1978c: 557.
cameroni. Anochetus cameroni Forel, 1915c: 352 (w.)
BRAZIL. Junior synonym of ghilianii: Brown,
1964d:214.
camerunensis. Anochetus africanus var. camerunensis
Mayr, 1 8 9 6 : 2 3 6 (w.m.) CAMEROUN. Emery,
1899e: 476 (q.). Junior synonym of africanus: Mayr,
1904b: 2.
cato. Anochetus cato Forel, 1901b: 6 (w.) NEW BRIT­
AIN. Senior synonym of rossi and subfasciatus: Wil­
son, 1959a: 504. See also Brown, 1978c: 585.
chirichinii. Anochetus chirichiniiEmery, 1897c: 597, pi.
15, figs. 4 6 , 4 7 (w.) NEW GUINEA. See also: Brown,
1978c: 590.
concinnus. Anochetus concinnus Santschi, 1920b: 9 (q.)
ZAIRE. Junior synonym of katonae: Brown, 1978c:
557.
*conisquamis. * Anochetus conisquamis De Andrade,
1994: 22, fig. 20 (w.) DOMINICAN AMBER.
consultans. Formica consultans Walker, 1859: 373 (m.)
SRI LANKA. Combination in Euponera:
Donisthorpe, 1932b: 576; in Anochetus: Brown,
1978c: 556 (see also p. 588).
*corayi. *Anochetus corayi Baroni Urbani, 1980c: 2, figs.
1-4 (q.) DOMINICAN AMBER (30-40 M. years old).
diabolus. Anochetus rectangularis var. diabolus Forel,
1915b: 35 (w.) AUSTRALIA. Junior synonym of
rectangularis: Brown, 1978c: 558.
diegensis. Anochetus diegensis Forel, 1912c: 29 (w.)
COLOMBIA. Senior synonym of bierigi: Brown,
1964d: 215. See also: Brown, 1978c: 614.
*dubius. *Anochetus dubius De Andrade, 1994: 15, fig.
17 (w.) DOMINICAN AMBER.
durbanensis. Anochetus punctatus var. durbanensis
Arnold, 1926:215 (w.) SOUTH AFRICA. Junior syn­
onym of katonae: Brown, 1978c: 557.
elegans. Anochetus elegans Lattke, 1987a: 353, figs. 1, 2
(w.) COLOMBIA.
emarginatus. Myrmecia emarginata Fabricius, 1804:
426 (w.) CENTRAL AMERICA. Wheeler, G.C. &
Wheeler, J. 1952c: 6 4 4 (1.). Combination in
Odontomachus: Illiger, 1807: 194; in Stenomyrmex:
Mayr, 1862: 711; in Anochetus: Emery, 1890a: 63.
Senior synonym of quadrispinosus: Roger, 1862c:
289; of rugosus: Kempf, 1964f: 238. See also: Brown,
1978c: 609.
estus. Anochetus estus Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 98 (w.)
ZAIRE. Junior synonym of bequaerti: Brown, 1978c:
556.
evansi. Anochetus evansi Crawley, 1922a: 85 (w.) IRAN.
See also: Brown, 1978c: 595.
*exstinctus. *Anochetus exstinctus De Andrade, 1994: 11,
fig. 15 (w.) DOMINICAN AMBER.
faurei. Anochetusfaurei Arnold, 1948: 215, fig. 4 (w.)
SOUTH AFRICA. See also: Brown, 1978c: 609.
filicornis. Myrmapatetes /z/icornw Wheeler, W.M. 1929b:
6, fig. 3 (m.) NEW GUINEA. Combination in
Anochetus: Brown, 1953h: 2.
fricatus. Anochetus fricatus Wilson, 1959a: 506 (w.)
NEW GUINEA. See also: Brown, 1978c: 590.
64 Species-Group Taxa
friederichsi. Anochetus africanus var. friederichsi Forel,
1918b: 155 (w.) MADAGASCAR. Junior synonym
of madagascarensis:Brown, 1978c: 557.
fuliginosus. Anochetus fuliginosus Arnold, 1948:214,
fig. 3 (w.) SOUTH AFRICA. See also: Brown, 1978c:
605.
fumata. Anochetus altisquamis forma fumata
Luederwaldt, 1918: 53 (w.) BRAZIL. Junior syn­
o n y m of altisquamis: Kempf & Lenko, 1976: 58.
ghilianii. Odontomachus ghilianii Spinola, 1851b: 55
(w.) MOROCCO. [Also described as n e w by Spinola,
1853:71.] Emery, 1909c: 376 (q.m.). Combination
in Anochetus: Mayr, 1861: 54. Senior synonym of
cameroni: Brown, 1964d: 214. See also: Brown,
1978c: 598.
gladiator. Stenomyrmex gladiator Mayr, 1862: 712 (w.)
INDONESIA (Misool I.). Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler,
J. 1976a: 62 (1.). Combination in Anochetus: Dalla
Torre, 1893:48. Junior synonym of Odontomachus
tyrannicus Smith, F. 1861b: 4 4 (Dalla Torre, 1893:
48), hence first available replacement name for
Odontomachus tyrannicus Smith, F. 1861b: 4 4 [junior
primary h o m o n y m of Odontomachus tyrannicus
Smith, F. 1859a: 144], and senior synonym of
smithii and gladiator Donisthorpe (unnecessary sec­
ondary replacement names): Brown, 1978c: 556.
See also Brown, 1978c: 574).
gladiator. Odontomachus gladiator Donisthorpe, 1932c:
467. Unnecessary replacement name for
Odontomachus tyrannicus Smith, F. 1861b: 44, and
hence junior synonym of gladiator Mayr, 1862: 712,
the first available replacement name: Brown,
1978c: 556.
gnomulus. Anochetusgnomulus Bernard, 1953b: 214, fig.
6 (w.) GUINEA. Junior synonym of katonae: Brown,
1978c: 557.
gracilicornis. Anochetusgracilicomis Viehmeyer, 1923:
87, fig. 1 (w.) SUDAN. Senior synonym of sudanicus:
Brown, 1964d: 215. Junior synonym of traegaordhi:
Brown, 1978c: 559.
gracilis. Anochetus gracilis Karavaiev, 1925c: 286, fig. 9
(w.q.) JAVA. Junior s y n o n y m of risii: Brown, 1978c:
558.
graeffei. AnochetusgraeffeiMayr, 1870b: 961 (w.)
SAMOA. Mayr, 1876: 86 (q.); Wheeler, G.C. &
Wheeler, J. 1971b: 1212 (l.);Imairtai 1984: 5 (k.).
Senior synonym of amati, minutus, oceanicus and
punctiventris: Wilson, 1959a: 507; oi rudis, ruginotus
and taylori: Brown, 1978c: 557 (see also p. 586).
grandidieri. Anochetus grandidieri Forel, 1891b: 108,
pi. 3, fig. 9 (w.) MADAGASCAR. Senior synonym of
madecassus:Brown, 1978c: 557.
haytianus. Anochetus (Stenomyrmex) haytianus
Wheeler, W.M. & Mann, 1914:15, fig. 6 (w.) HAITI.
See also: Brown, 1978c: 6 1 1 .
horridus. Anochetus (Stenomyrmex) horridus Kempf,
1964f: 239, figs. 4, 8, 12, 14 (gynecoid w.) BRAZIL.
Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1971b: 1212 (1.). See
also: Brown, 1978c: 612.
inca. Anochetus (Stenomyrmex) inca Wheeler, W.M.
1925a: 8 (w.) PERU.
incultus. Anochetus incultus Brown, 1978c: 578, fig. 37
(w.q.) PHILIPPINES.
indicus. Anochetus sedilloti var. indicus Forel, 1900c: 61
(w.q.m.) INDIA. Junior synonym of sedilloti: Brown,
1978c: 559.
ineditus. Anochetus ineditus Baroni Urbani, 1971b: 360.
Unnecessary second replacement name for
Anochetus jacobsoni Menozzi, 1939b: 178.
inermis. Anochetus (Stenomyrmex) inermis Andre, 1889:
221 (w.) TRINIDAD. Forel, 1897b: 298 (m.);
Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1976a: 60 (1.). Senior
synonym of meinerti: Brown, 1978c: 557.
Hntermedius. *Anochetus intermedius De Andrade, 1994:
13, fig. 16 (w.) DOMINICAN AMBER.
isolatus. Anochetus cato subsp. isolatus Mann, 1919:
302, fig. 11 (w.m.) SOLOMON IS. Raised to species:
Wilson, 1959a: 508. Senior synonym of rossi and
splendens: Brown, 1978c: 557 (see also p. 585).
jacobsoni.AnochetusjacobsoniVorel, 1911b: 193 (w.)
JAVA. Forel, 1913k: 18 (q.). Junior synonym of
princeps: Brown, 1964d: 213.
jacobsoni. Anochetus jacobsoni Menozzi, 1939b: 178, fig.
3 (w.) SUMATRA. [Junior primary h o m o n y m of
jacobsoni Forel, above.] First replacement name:
menozzii Donisthorpe, 1941k: 237. Second (unnec­
essary) replacement name: ineditus Baroni Urbani,
1971b: 360.
jonesi. Anochetus jonesi Arnold, 1926:216, fig. 61
(w.q.m.) SOUTH AFRICA.
kanariensis. Anochetus orientalis r. kanariensis Forel,
1900c: 62 (w.) INDIA. Raised to species: Bingham,
1 9 0 3 : 4 4 . See also: Brown, 1978c: 594.
katonae. Anochetus grandidieri var. katonae Forel,
1907a: 1 (w.) TANZANIA. Raised to species, and
senior synonym of concinnus, durbanensis, gnomulus,
lamottei, longiceps, occidentalis, parvus and punctatus:
Brown, 1978c: 557 (see also p. 607).
kempfi. Anochetus kempfi Brown, 1978c: 6 1 1 , fig. 52
(w.) PUERTO RICO.
laeta. Anochetus princeps var. laeta Forel, 1910a: 27 (w.)
SUMATRA. Junior synonym of princeps: Brown,
1964d:213.
laeviusculus. Anochetus mayri subsp. laeviusculus
Wheeler, W.M. 1911a: 22 (w.q.) JAMAICA. Junior
synonym of mayri: Brown, 1978c: 557.
lamottei. Anochetus lamottei Bernard, 1953b: 212, fig. 5
(w.) GUINEA. Junior s y n o n y m of katonae: Brown,
1978c: 557.
latunei. Anochetus turneri var. latunei Forel, 1915b: 35
(w.) AUSTRALIA. Junior synonym of turneri:
Brown, 1978c: 559.
levaillanti. Anochetus levaillanti Emery, 1 8 9 5 h : 2 1 (w.)
SOUTH AFRICA. Arnold, 1915: 108 (q.). See also:
Brown, 1978c: 594.
longiceps. Anochetus parvus var. longiceps Santschi,
1914d: 331 (q.) CAMEROUN. Junior synonym of
katonae:Brown, 1978c: 557.
longifossatus. Anochetus longifossatus Mayr, 1897:425
(w.) SRI LANKA. Senior synonym of butteli: Brown,
1978c: 557.
longispinus. Anochetus (Stenomyrmex) haytianus subsp.
longispina Wheeler, W.M. 1936b: 196 (w.) HAITI.
Raised to species: Brown, 1978c: 6 1 1 .
Hucidus. *Anochetus lucidus De Andrade, 1994: 19, fig.
19 (w.) DOMINICAN AMBER.
madagascarensis. Anochetus africanus var.
madagascarensis Forel, 1887: 382 (w.) MADAGAS­
CAR. Raised to species, and senior s y n o n y m of
friederichsi: Brown, 1978c: 557.
madaraszi. Anochetus madaraszi Mayr, 1 8 9 7 : 4 2 4 (w.)
SRI LANKA. Forel, 1900c: 61 (q.m.); Imai etal.
1984: 5 (k.). See also: B r o w n , 1978c: 590.
madecassus. Anochetus madecassus Santschi, 1928d: 54
(q.) MADAGASCAR. J u n i o r s y n o n y m oi grandidieri:
B r o w n , 1978c: 557.
maynei. Anochetus pellucidus var. maynei Forel, 1913h:
347 (q.) ZAIRE. B r o w n , 1978c: 601 (w.). Raised to
species: B r o w n , 1978c: 557.
mayri. Anochetus mayri Emery, 1884a: 3 7 8 (diagnosis
in key) (w.) ANTILLES IS. Emery, 1890a: 65 (q.);
Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1964b: 455 (1.). Senior
s y n o n y m of laeviusculus: B r o w n , 1978c: 557 (see
also p . 617).
meinerti. Anochetus inermis var. meinerti Forel, 1905b:
156 (w.) VENEZUELA. Wheeler, W.M. 1916d: 323
(q.m.). J u n i o r s y n o n y m of inermis: B r o w n , 1978c:
557.
menozzii. Anochetus menozzii Donislhorpe, 1941k: 237.
Replacement n a m e for jacobsoni Menozzi, 1939b:
178. [Junior primary h o r n o n y m oi jacobsoni Forel,
191 l b : 193.] J u n i o r s y n o n y m of rugosus: Brown,
1978c: 558.
micans. Anochetusmicans B r o w n , 1978c: 557 (w.)
COSTA RICA. [First available use of Anochetus
(Stenomyrmex) emarginatus subsp. testaceus var. micans
Forel, 1908b: 36; unavailable n a m e . ]
minans. Anochetus minans M a n n , 1 9 2 2 : 1 7 (w.) HON­
DURAS.
minutus. Anochetus minutus Karavaiev, 1925c: 288, fig.
10 (w.q.) WEST MALAYSIA. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of
graejfei: Wilson, 1959a: 507.
mixtus. Anochetus mixtus R a d c h e n k o , 1993a: 77, figs. 3 -
5 (w.) VIETNAM.
modicus. Anochetus modicus Brown, 1978c: 582
(w.q.m.) BORNEO. Imai, Kubota et al. 1 9 8 5 : 4 7 (k.).
mordax. Anochetus mordax Donisthorpe, 1942d: 452
(w.) INDIA. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of rufus: B r o w n ,
1978c: 558.
muzziolii. Anochetus muzziolii Menozzi, 1932d: 4, fig. 2
(w.) SUMATRA. See also: B r o w n , 1978c: 576.
myops. Anochetus myops Emery, 1893e: 2 0 1 , pi. 8, figs.
1 1 , 1 2 (w.) WEST MALAYSIA.
natalensis. Anochetus natalensis Arnold, 1 9 2 6 : 2 1 5 (w.)
SOUTH AFRICA. See also: B r o w n , 1978c: 6 0 3 .
neglectus. Anochetus mayri subsp. neglectus Emery,
1894c: 188 (w.q.) BRAZIL. Raised to species, senior
s y n o n y m of australis, a n d material of the unavail­
able n a m e nobilis referred h e r e : B r o w n , 1978c: 558.
nietneri. Odontomachus nietneriRoger, 1861a: 2 3 (w.)
SRI LANKA. Combination in Anochetus: Mayr, 1865:
63 (footnote). See also: B r o w n , 1978c: 5 9 3 .
nobilis. Anochetus mayri st. neglectus var. nobilis Santschi,
1925e: 155 (m.) ARGENTINA. Unavailable n a m e ;
material referred to neglectus by B r o w n , 1978c: 558.
obscuratus. Anochetus madagascarensis var. obscurata
Santschi, 191 l c : 351 (w.q.) TANZANIA. Variety of
africanus:Emery, 191 Id: 108; Santschi, 1914b: 56.
Raised to species: Santschi, 1923e: 2 6 5 . Senior syn­
o n y m of schoutedeni a n d ustus: B r o w n , 1978c: 558
(see also p . 602).
occidentalis. Anochetus punctatus var. occidentalis
Santschi, 1914d: 330 (w.) CAMEROUN. J u n i o r syn­
o n y m of katonae: B r o w n , 1978c: 557.
oceaniaa. Anochetus punctiventris subsp. oceanicus
Emery, 1897c: 597 (w.) NEW GUINEA. Emery,
1914f: 400 (q.m.). J u n i o r s y n o n y m of graeffei: Wil­
son, 1959a: 507.
opaciventris. Anochetus opaciventris Wheeler, W.M.
1922a: 98 (w.) ZAIRE. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of bequaerti:
B r o w n , 1978c: 556.
orchidicola. Anochetus orchidicola B r o w n , 1978c: 619
(w.) MEXICO.
oriens. Anochetus (Stenomyrmex) oriens Kempf, 1964f:
240, figs. 2, 6, 10, 13 (w.) BRAZIL.
orientalis. Anochetus orientalis Andre, 1 8 8 7 : 2 9 1 (w.)
VIETNAM. See also: B r o w n , 1978c: 594.
pangens. Formicapangens Walker, 1859: 371 (m.) SRI
LANKA. Combination in Euponera (Brachyponera):
Donisthorpe, 1932b: 575; in Anochetus: B r o w n ,
1978c: 558.
paripungens. Anochetus paripungens B r o w n , 1978c:
596, fig. 35 (w.) AUSTRALIA.
parvus. Anochetus parvus Santschi, 1914d: 330 (w.)
NIGERIA. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of katonae: B r o w n ,
1978c: 557.
pasteuri. Anochetuspasteuri Santschi, 1 9 2 3 e : 2 6 5 (w.q.)
ZAIRE. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of africanus: B r o w n , 1978c:
556.
pellucidus. Anochetus pellucidus Emery, 1902d: 33 (w.)
CAMEROUN. Senior s y n o n y m of aurifrons: Brown,
1978c: 558 (see also p . 605).
peracer. Anochetus peracer Brown, 1978c: 579, figs. 40,
53 (w.) NEW GUINEA.
princeps. Anochetus princeps Emery, 1884a: 379 (diag­
nosis in key) (w.) JAVA. B r o w n , 1978c: 577 (m.);
Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1976a: 61 (1.). Senior
s y n o n y m of jacobsoni Forel, laeta, serratus and
taipingensis: B r o w n , 1964d: 2 1 3 . * J u n i o r s y n o n y m of princeps: B r o w n , 1964d: 2 1 3 .
pubescens. Anochetus pubescens Brown, 1978c: 607,
figs. 10, 16 (w.) ZIMBABWE.
punctaticeps. Anochetus punctaticeps Mayr, 1901b: 4
(w.) SOUTH AFRICA. See also: B r o w n , 1978c: 606.
punctatus. Anochetus punctatus Santschi, 1914e: 13 (w.)
SOUTH AFRICA. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of katonae:
Brown, 1978c: 557.
punctiventris. Anochetus punctiventris Mayr, 1 8 7 9 : 6 5 9
(w.) INDIA. Forel, 1900c: 63 (q.). J u n i o r s y n o n y m
of graeffei: Wilson, 1959a: 507.
pupulatus. Anochetus pupulatus B r o w n , 1978c: 5 9 1 ,
figs. 1 4 , 2 1 , 2 2 (w.) INDIA.
quadrispinosus. Odontomachus quadrispinosus Smith, F.
1858b: 7 8 , pi. 5, figs. 1 5 - 1 7 (w.) BRAZIL. J u n i o r
s y n o n y m of emarginatus: Roger, 1862c: 2 8 9 .
rectangularis. Anochetus rectangularis Mayr, 1876: 86
(w.) AUSTRALIA. Senior s y n o n y m of diabolus:
B r o w n , 1978c: 558 (see also p . 597).
risii. Anochetus risii Forel, 1900c: 60 (w.) HONG
KONG. Wheeler, W.M. 1927h: 84 (m.); Wheeler,
W.M. 1928c: 8 (q.). Senior s y n o n y m of gracilis:
Brown, 1978c: 558 (see also p . 577).
rossi. Anochetus rossi Donis
o n y m of rossi Donisthorpe, above.] J u n i o r s y n o n y m
of isolatus: B r o w n , 1978c: 557.
rothschildi. Anochetus rothschildi Forel, 1907c: 129
(W.m.) SOMALIA.
rudis. Anochetus rudis Emery, 1889b: 4 9 9 (w.) BURMA.
Subspecies of punctiventris: Forel, 1900c: 60; Emery,
191 I d : 109. Retained as species: Bingham, 1903:
4 1 . J u n i o r s y n o n y m of graeffei: B r o w n , 1978c: 577.
rufus. Odontomachus rufus Jerdon, 1 8 5 1 : 116 (w.)
INDIA. Combination in Anochetus: Emery, 1892d:
5 6 1 . Senior s y n o n y m of mordax: B r o w n , 1978c: 558
(see also p . 593).
ruginotus. Anochetus ruginotus Stitz, 1 9 2 5 : 1 1 4 (w.)
PHILIPPINES. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of graeffei: B r o w n ,
1978c: 557.
rugosus. Odontomachus rugosus Smith, F. 1857a: 65 (w.)
SINGAPORE. Wheeler,G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1976: 61
(1.). Combination in Anochetus: Emery, 1911 d: 109.
Senior s y n o n y m of beccarii: B r o w n , 1964d: 214; of
ineditus a n d menozzii: Brown, 1978c: 558. See also:
B r o w n , 1978c: 575.
rugosus. Anochetus (Stenomyrmex) emarginatus r. rugosus
Emery, 1890a: 63 (w.) BRAZIL. M a n n , 1 9 1 6 : 4 1 8
(m.); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1952c: 645 (1.).
[Unresolved j u n i o r secondary h o m o n y m of
Odontomachus rugosus Smith, above.] J u n i o r syn­
o n y m of emarginatus: Kempf, 1964f: 2 3 8 .
schoutedeni. Anochetus schoutedeni Santschi, 1923e: 264
(w.) ZAIRE. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of obscuratus: B r o w n ,
1978c: 5 5 8 .
sedilloti. Anochetus sedilloti Emery, 1884a: 377, fig. (w.)
TUNISIA. Forel, 1907b: 202 (m.); Santschi, 1907:
325 (m.). Senior s y n o n y m of indicus: B r o w n , 1978c:
559 (see also p . 594).
seminiger. Anochetus seminiger Donisthorpe, 1943a:
170 (w.) NEW GUINEA.
serratus. Anochetus serratus Stitz, 1 9 2 5 : 1 1 3 (w.) JAVA.
silvaticus. Anochetussilvaticus Bernard, 1953b: 212, fig.
5 (w.q.) GUINEA. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of traegaordhi:
Brown, I964d:215.
simoni. Anochetus (Stenomyrmex) simoni Emery, 1890a:
64 (w.) VENEZUELA. See also: B r o w n , 1978c: 6 1 3 .
siphneus. Anochetus siphneus B r o w n , 1978c: 608, figs.
11, 19 (w.) IVORY COAST.
smithii. Odontomachus smithii Roger, 1863b: 2 1 . Combi­
n a t i o n in Anochetus: Forel, 1911e: 250. [Unneces­
sary replacement n a m e for tyrannicus Smith, F.
1861b: 44.] J u n i o r s y n o n y m of gladiator: B r o w n ,
1978c: 556.
splendens. Anochetussplendens Karavaiev, 1925c: 289,
fig. 11 (q.) INDONESIA (Aru I.). J u n i o r s y n o n y m of
isolatus: B r o w n , 1978c: 557.
splendidulus. Anochetus splendidulus Yasumatsu,
1940b: 313, fig. 2 (w.q.) CAROLINA IS.
striatulus. Anochetus (Stenomyrmex) emarginatus r.
striatulaEmery, 1890a: 64 (w.) COSTARICA. Raised
to species: B r o w n , 1978c: 559 (see also p . 610).
strigatellus. Anochetus strigatellus Brown, 1978c: 582
(w.) WEST MALAYSIA.