Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Fire safety
Stall Seats & Stage Emergency Escape Route
Legend:
HR
Fire Extinguisher Manual Call Point Hosereel
Circle Seats Emergency Escape Route
Legend:
HR
Manual Call Point Hosereel
CM8002 FORENSIC SCIENCE
Roderick Bates and Dragoslav Vidovic
Chemistry and Biological Chemistry
School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences
BSc(Hons)
Forensic
Medicine
Forensic
Science
fingerprinting
U.S.A. Singapore
4.7 0.51
Honduras
71
Columbia
33
CM8002 Forensic Science
Interpretation of evidence
Reliability of the evidence - scientific principles
What can and cannot be deduced
CM8002 Forensic Science
Why Science?
Observation &
Experiment
Theory
Isaac Newton
prosecution Judge
evidence from
experts
witnesses
police Jury - selected from amongst
defense local citizens
- abolished in some countries,
including Singapore
Police find safe and pockets emptied, rings and watch gone;
crumpled brown paper bag – used to wrap murder weapon
cigarette butts on the floor
enquiries lead the police to Joseph Williams
- recently came into money
Singapore 1996
2005
Mens Rea
a guilty mind or intention
Saferstein page 4
CM8002 Forensic Science
forensic
evidence
Injuries inconsistent
with suicide or accident
Roberto Calvi
Banco Ambrosiano US$1.2 billion missing
“God’s Banker”
Police:
Bricks in his suit Pathology:
US$14,000 in his wallet neck not broken
false passport no drugs
bags packed no signs of a struggle
marks consistent with hanging
no water in his lungs
watch stopped at 1:52 am
Forensics:
no paint from the scaffolding
Roberto Calvi
Questions?
acquittals: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/6726353.stm
CM8002 Forensic Science
Art
1818 – 1840
Archaeology Shakespeare died in 1616
Sport
International Politics
Bosnia
Disasters
CM8002 Forensic Science
Fiction before fact?
Saferstein page 5
Locard Exchange Principle
"Wherever he steps, whatever he touches, whatever he
leaves, even unconsciously, will serve as a silent witness
against him. Not only his fingerprints or his footprints,
but his hair, the fibers from his clothes, the glass he
breaks, the tool mark he leaves, the paint he scratches,
the blood or semen he deposits or collects. All of these
and more, bear mute witness against him. This is
evidence that does not forget. It is not confused by
the excitement of the moment. It is not absent because
human witnesses are. It is factual evidence. Physical
evidence cannot be wrong, it cannot perjure itself, it
cannot be wholly absent. Only human failure to find it,
study and understand it, can diminish its value."
Professor Edmond Locard (1877-1966)
By Rachel Hine
A burglar who severed a finger while breaking into a builders' yard was caught by police when he went to
hospital for treatment. Stewart Broughton, 42, broke into Elliott’s Builders Merchants in Newgate Lane,
Fareham, on two occasions.
But while making his getaway over a fence on the second occasion he severed his finger on razor wire,
leaving it at the scene.
Police immediately contacted hospitals in the hope the fingerless crook would seek medical help.
And soon after the raid he was seen at Queen Alexandra Hospital. A police officer spoke with him at the
hospital and he was taken to Fareham police station and charged.
http://www.portsmouth.co.uk/latest/Severed-finger-points-to-burglar.3435122.jp
The trace can even be left in cyberspace
Moffat
Newspaper wrapping some parts is local
from Morecombe in England Morecombe
Morecombe police report two women
missing: “Mrs” Ruxton and her maid,
Mary
Two bodies;
all distinguishing
features removed
Identification
Face mutilated; ends of fingers removed; birth marks etc
removed
.
Huelva
“to detect that this young man had not been lost
after an aircraft had been lost at sea would need a
pathologist of my experience - and there aren’t any
in Spain”
H.M.S. Seraph
Pathologist (largely) deceived
German Intelligence (Abwehr) fooled
German High Command fooled
Adolf Hitler fooled
Forensic Science Laboratories
1910 Lyon, France (Locard)
1915 Germany
1923 Austria, USA (LAPD)
1925 Holland, Finland, Sweden
1932 USA (FBI)
1935 UK (Scotland Yard)
Singapore:
1960’s Prof Chao Tzee Cheng (Pathology)
1929 Chemical analysis services available to Straits Settlement Police
Psychiatric profiling
What can we tell about the
criminal from the way they commit
the crime?
Forensic Engineering
Why did the I35 bridge in Minneapolis
collapse?
Forensic Entomology
Using insects to provide information
Forensic Geology
soil analysis: mineral content and chemistry
Facial Reconstruction:
If you have the skull, can you tell what the face looked like?
Saferstein page 77
Forensic Science Laboratories
Ted Bundy: identified by
Forensic Odontology
a bite mark on a victim
Using teeth to provide information:
(comparison to a mould of
identification of victims remains or
his teeth)
identification of a criminal
Olive Durand-Deacon
- one of 9 victims
Identified by her false teeth
http://www.crimelibrary.com/serial_killers/weird/haigh/index_1.html
Disposing of the body
CM8002 Forensic Science
Identification: what is it?
Physical objects
Biological properties
Chemical properties/ constituents
Saferstein page 64
CM8002 Forensic Science
Individualisation
Narrowing the class to one
evidence
fibres, hair
blood fingerprints broken glass
shoe print fibres
paint
Reconstruction and Reenactment
Reconstruction
Reenactment
52 people killed
detonator
Mens rea?
George Joseph Smith had married seven women; three died; most robbed
81 x 48 cm
Can you lock yourself in a bag?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tb6YKX_Hy40
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/crime/9286711/MI6-spy-Gareth-Williams-may-have-locked-himself-in-bag-pathologist-suggests.html
Richard and Helle Crafts
Richard Crafts claims that his wife had disappeared. Passes lie
detector test!
Discarded carpet fragments test negative for blood
Unusual purchases, including a chainsaw, a freezer and renting a
wood chipper
He used the chainsaw to make several smaller parcels of her remains and
returned them to the freezer. Under the cover of darkness, Crafts then took
these packages to Lake Zoar where he ran them through the powerful wood
chipper.
witness