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Thi

PROJECT WORKING s
unit
talks about how the different units of the project working. How Relays and
Transistors can be interfaced to your telephone and can be used to turn ‘ON’ and
‘OFF’ your home appliances such as bulbs, tube lights, lamps or heavy-duty motors.

This project is a teleremote circuit that enables


switching ‘ON’ and ‘OFF’ of appliances through telephone
lines. It can be used to switch appliances from any distance,
overcoming the limited range of infrared and radio remote
controls. The circuit described in the project can be used to
switch up to ten appliances (corresponding to the digits 0 to 9
of the telephone keypad). This circuit is based on the DTMF
controller circuit. DTMF means dual tone multiple frequency.
The DTMF signals on telephone instrument are used as
control signals.
When we press the star button in the telephone the pulse dialing is converted in to tone
dialing. We use this tone dialing in our project. Telephone lines are connected to the DTMF
decoder circuit including a DTMF decoder IC 8870, which is a 24 pin IC. This DTMF decoder
converts the DTMF pulse into a BCD signal. It means when we press the digit no.1 then output
from decoder is 0001. In this ic if we want to control only one output so we use pin no 15 of this
ic. Whenever this ic decode the output then pin no 15 become high for a time . Due to this we
use a flip flop logic along with this decoder to control any thing from the mobilephone.
WHAT IS
DTMF?

When you press a button in the telephone set keypad, a connection is

made that generates a resultant signal of two tones at the same time.

These two tones are taken from a row frequency and a column frequency.

The resultant frequency signal is called "Dual Tone Multiple Frequency".

These tones are identical and unique.

A DTMF signal is the algebraic sum of two different audio

frequencies, and can be expressed as follows:

f(t) = A0sin(2*П*fa*t) + B0sin(2*П*fb*t) + ........... ------->(1)


Where fa and fb are two different audio frequencies with A and B as

their peak amplitudes and f as the resultant DTMF signal. fa belongs to the

low frequency group and fb belongs to the high frequency group.

Each of the low and high frequency groups comprise four frequencies

from the various keys present on the telephone keypad; two different

frequencies, one from the high frequency group and another from the low

frequency group are used to produce a DTMF signal to represent the

pressed key.

The amplitudes of the two sine waves should be such that

(0.7 < (A/B) < 0.9)V -------->(2)

The frequencies are chosen such that they are not the harmonics of

each other. The frequencies associated with various keys on the keypad

are shown in figure (A).

When you send these DTMF signals to the telephone exchange

through cables, the servers in the telephone exchange identifies these

signals and makes the connection to the person you are calling.
The row and column frequencies are given below:

Fig (A)

When you press the digit 5 in the keypad it generates a resultant

tone signal which is made up of frequencies 770Hz and 1336Hz. Pressing

digit 8 will produce the tone taken from tones 852Hz and 1336Hz. In both

the cases, the column frequency 1336 Hz is the same. These signals are

digital signals which are symmetrical with the sinusoidal wave.

A Typical frequency is shown in the figure below:


Figure (B)

Along with these DTMF generator in our telephone set provides a set

of special purpose groups of tones, which is normally not used in our

keypad. These tones are identified as 'A', 'B', 'C', 'D'. These frequencies

have the same column frequency but uses row frequencies given in the

table in figure (A). These tones are used for communication signaling.

The frequency table is as follows:

Figure (C)
Due to its accuracy and uniqueness, these DTMF signals are used

in controlling systems using telephones. By using some DTMF

generating IC’s (UM91214, UM91214, etc) we can generate DTMF

tones without depending on the telephone set.

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