SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

BENGALURU

BUILDING SERVICES – II

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

PROF. DIBYA JIVAN PATI

SUBMITTED BY –
TANMAY SAHU (114AR0015)
SONAKSHI BHATTACHARJEE (114AR0024)
MAYNAK DAS (114AR0030)

DEPARTMENT OF PLANNING AND ARCHITECTURE

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, ROURKELA
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Contents
About Bengaluru ........................................................................................................................ 3
Background of the city ............................................................................................................... 3
Climate ................................................................................................................................... 3
Temperature ........................................................................................................................... 3
Relative humidity ................................................................................................................... 3
Wind....................................................................................................................................... 3
Culture.................................................................................................................................... 3
History of Solid Waste Management ......................................................................................... 4
Waste generation ........................................................................................................................ 5
City Statistics ......................................................................................................................... 5
Sewage ....................................................................................................................................... 5
Solid Waste Disposal ................................................................................................................. 6
Composition of Municipal Waste .............................................................................................. 6
Current scenario ......................................................................................................................... 7
Processing of waste .................................................................................................................... 8
Collection of Waste.................................................................................................................... 8
Wet Waste .............................................................................................................................. 8
Dry waste ............................................................................................................................... 8
Operation Plan ........................................................................................................................... 9
Waste Processing ....................................................................................................................... 9
Palletisation ............................................................................................................................ 9
Organic Waste Convertor ...................................................................................................... 9
Dry Waste Collection Centres ............................................................................................... 9
Conclusion ............................................................................................................................... 10
Bangalore – Garden City to Garbage City .............................................................................. 10
Reference ................................................................................................................................. 10

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About Bengaluru

Bangalore (Bengaluru) is the capital city of the Indian state of Karnataka. It is located in the
south-eastern part of Karnataka.

• Nickname: silicon Valley of India.

• Geographical location - 12° 58’ N and 77 ° 35’ E

• Altitude – 920 m above MSL.
• Topography of Bangalore is generally flat.

• There are no major rivers flowing in the area.

• Bangalore has a string of freshwater lakes and water tanks, such as Bellandur, Ulsoor,
Hebbal, Madivala tanks etc.

• The soils of Bangalore district consist of red laterite and red fine loamy to clayey soils.

Background of the city

Climate
The climate of Bangalore is classified as the tropical wet and seasonally dry.
 Dry season - December to February.
 Summer season - March to May.
 South-west monsoon - June to September.
Temperature
 Mean maximum -33.4 ° C in April/may
 Mean minimum of 15 ° C in December/January.

Relative humidity
 Mean monthly - 44% (min) in March
- 85% (max) in October.
 The mean annual rainfall is 889 mm.

Wind
 Easterly and westerly predominant directions.
 May to September - WSW to W.
 November to March -ENE to ESE.
 Bangalore city is located in a seismically stable region (Zone II).

Culture
 Touted as the back office of the world, it is a major economic, educational and cultural
hub in south India with a concentration of premier educational and research institutions,
technology companies and defence organizations.
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History of Solid Waste Management

During the early stages, a large part of the city wastes were sent to a compost plant situated
outside the city limits (KCDC). Although the original machinery set up at this unit failed, it
was quickly adapted to Indian conditions and made to work till recently when the city grew to
encircle the composting yard itself.

When the city produced about 650 tpd (1988), about 100 tpd of market wastes were taken back
for direct application on land and another 150 tpd was handled by KCDC (Karnataka Compost
Development Corporation). The rest, comprising a large fraction of decomposable was ‘open
dumped’ along various arterial roads leading out the city (Rajabapaiah, 1988).
This trend of open dumping had continued till about 1999-2000 where the extent of wastes
removed had increased but the proportion of wastes carried out of these arterial roads remained
roughly the same (Chanakya and Sharatchandra, 2005; TIDE, 2000).

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Waste generation

Solid Waste Management governing body in Bengaluru – Bruhat Bangalore Mahanagara

Palike (BBMP)

City Statistics
 Area – 800 sq. km
 Population – 78 lakhs
 Number of zones – 8
 Number of wards - 198
 Total Municipal solid waste generated (2009) – 3000 tdp
 Per capita waste 350 grams per day

Waste Generation
9%

17%

54%
20%

Household
Market and Function Hall
Commercial establishment
others

Sewage

• The number of households connected to the sewage network increased from 157,000 in
1991 to 344,000 in 2001, and the population grew from 18.9% to 30%.

• The significance of this rate, which just concerns the connections to the formal well-to-
do category of the population, indicates, the lack of sewage network on one hand and
on the other, the fact that often covered storm water drains are used for sewage disposal.

• The result is that about 70% of the BMP population uses a drainage system that
translates to a geographical area of about 40% of the total LPA area.

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Solid Waste Disposal

• The production of Waste in Bangalore is approximately 2200 tons per day, with 0.4 kg
of Waste produced per day per person. While collection is carried out regularly, Waste
treatment is an issue of concern.

• Only 300 to 350 tons of Waste is currently treated every day for composting and the
remaining Waste is disposed in an unhygienic manner.
• At present the City has treatment and disposal facilities with combined capacity of
2000 MT and 1600 MT, respectively.

• New dump sites and landfill sites are to be identified and developed to serve the
purpose.

Composition of Municipal Waste

The amount of waste generated in Bangalore city varies from 1700 MT/day to 2300 MT/day
and the composition of waste is given in the Table.

The Bangalore Metropolitan Area is divided into 30 ranges and 100 Revenue wards under the
jurisdiction of Bangalore Mahanagara Palike (BMP).

BMP is responsible for the solid waste management policy, setting up the targets and
objectives. Revenue wards are further divided into 294 health wards for proper management of
the sanitation functions. Out of these 294 health wards 112 are managed by BMP, while 182
wards have been assigned to private agencies on contract basis.

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Current scenario

About 70% of the MSW (Municipal Solid waste) activity starting from primary collection to
disposal has been outsourced & 30% is managed by BBMP.

 There are about 4300 Pourakarmikas (Sweepers) of BBMP & 10000 Pourakarmikas
(Sweepers) from contractor who performs Door to Door collection & sweeping activities.
 In some of the residential areas the Residential Welfare Associations (RWA’s) are involved
in door to door collection & decentralization of composting the waste.

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Processing of waste

 As per the Municipal Solid Waste (Management and Handling) Rules 2000, the Municipal
Bodies are responsible for processing of waste and only rejects are to be sent for landfill
site. Efforts are made by BBMP to establish the processing and Landfill facilities and the
details are as below.

 Decentralised Wet waste processing units & Dry Waste Collection Centres initiation has
been taken to setup Decentralized wet waste processing projects.

 Bio–Methanization units: To process wet waste, 5 ton capacity Bio–Methanization plants

are being established at 16 locations, out of which 4 have been made functional. The
biogas generated from these plants is being utilized to light the street lights in that
locality.

Collection of Waste

Wet Waste
Anything that can’t be kept for an extended period without decomposing. BBMP collects daily
from door or nearest collection point.no collection in plastic bags.

 Food Waste
 Fruits
 Flower waste
 Kitchen waste

Dry waste
Anything that can be kept for an extended period without decomposing. Handed over to
collectors after weekly/monthly collection at home.

 Glass
 Wire
 Cloth
 Leather
 Rubber
 Metal
 Paper
 Wood

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Operation Plan

In each built premises in the city (residential, commercial, industrial, etc.), as well as in all
large public spaces (parks, playgrounds, lakes, bus-stands, train stations, airport, etc.) there
shall be collection of both dry and wet waste on a segregated basis, as well as electronic and
bio waste, where needed. Where premises-specific collection cannot be set up (e.g. in slums),
bulk receptacles for segregated waste may be set up. However, in all cases, irrespective of
building-type, collection must be segregated.

- Any owner or resident of a premises may choose to recycle as much of the waste that they
can do so themselves (through established recycle channels and procedures), and hand over the
balance to BBMP.

- BBMP shall take all dry waste to a sorting station not more than 10 km away from the pickup
point, for further extraction of recyclables.

DWCs shall be established at least one in each Assembly constituency. BBMP shall also
establish local sorting stations at the ward level, wherever the volumes of waste to be handled
are sufficiently large.

- BBMP shall also establish, in co-operation with the KCDC, bulk composting sites for
handling wet waste. The lands already with KCDC shall be commandeered for this right away,
and additional lands as needed shall be identified by BBMP.

- BBMP shall not transport any waste other than hazardous or bio-waste outside its municipal
boundary. For hazardous and bio wastes, BBMP and KPCB shall submit proposals to the court.

Waste Processing

Palletisation
A 40MTPD unit to convert the organic waste into bio fuel through palletisation at Ward No
94, adjacent to Freedom Park, Gandhinagar, and West zone by M/s CIPL Resurge Private
Limited (CRPL) is commissioned from Dec 2014.

Organic Waste Convertor

Also organic waste convertors are being used in a decentralized way to process small quantity
of wet waste.

Dry Waste Collection Centres

The dry waste generated in the wards is collected & further segregated & also sent for recycling
from Dry Waste Collection Centres.

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Conclusion

Bangalore – Garden City to Garbage City

The city of Bangalore has grown from a small Pensioner’s Paradise to a sprawling metropolis
within a few decades and the waste management system has not been able to keep up. So, all
over town are small and big deposits of trash.

The indifference of the citizens also plays a major role in this; they blame the government and
turn a blind eye on the fact that they are the ones generating the waste.

As the times progressed, more non-biodegradable material has been added to the usual list of
things that make up urban solid waste, plastic reigning.

As plastic wastes persist even after a decade or two, any dump sites with plastic are
permanently littered i.e. if it was organic waste it would degrade over time and become part of
the soil.

Reference

Bruhat Bangalore Mahanagara Palike. (2009). Solid waste management in BBMP; Solid waste
management overview. Bengaluru, Karnataka: India. Government Printing Office

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