ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

This project would have been incomplete without the help of

various persons.
I first thank our Principal, Pr.T M Purushothaman , our
teacher, Mrs.Bindu Sajeendaran for her valuable advice and help.
Then I thank my parents and friends who gave me incredible help
and support that was valuable in completing the project.
Nevertheless, all the glory goes to God, for without him,
nothing would have been possible.
Saravana kumar S

DATE
PLACE
SOLAR POWERED
WATER-PUMP
CONTENT
No. TOPIC Page no.

1 Introduction

2 Principle

3 Construction

4 Working

5 Applications

6 Conclusion

7 Bibliography
 INTRODUCTION
A solar powered waterpump is a pump running on electricity generated by
photovoltaic panels as opposed to grid electricity or diesel run water pumps. The
operation of solar powered water pumps is more economical mainly due to the
lower operation and maintenance costs and has less environmental impact than
pumps powered by an internal combustion engine . Solar pumps are useful
where grid electricity is unavailable and alternative sources (in particular wind) do
not provide sufficient energy. Solar powered water pumps can deliver drinking
water as well as water for livestock or irrigation purposes.

The solar powered water pump for this project has three main components :
1.) Solar Panel
2.) Switching Voltage regulator circuit
3.) Pump

Photovoltaic solar panels absorb sunlight as a source of energy to generate

electricity through the photovoltaic effect.

A voltage regulator is an electronic circuit that provides a stable DC voltage

independent of the load current. Electronic voltage regulators are found in
devices such as computer power supplies where they stabilize the DC voltages
used by the processor and other elements.

Pump is a device that moves fluids (liquids or gases), by mechanical action. In

this project Centrifugal pumps will be used. They are used to transport fluids by
the conversion of rotational kinetic energy to the hydrodynamic energy of the fluid
flow. The rotational energy typically comes from an engine or electric motor. The
fluid enters the pump impeller along or near to the rotating axis and is
accelerated by the impeller, flowing radially outward into the discharge outlet.
PRINCIPLE
This project has three main components:
 Solar panel
 Voltage regulator
 Pump.

WORKING PRINCIPLE OF SOLAR PANEL

The photovoltaic effect is the creation of voltage and electric current in a material
upon exposure to light and is a physical and chemical property/phenomenon.

p-n junction is formed by placing p-type and n-type semiconductors next to one
another. The p-type, with one less electron, attracts the surplus electron from the
n-type to stabilize itself. This generates a flow of electrons, otherwise known as
electricity.

When sunlight hits the semiconductor, an electron springs up and is attracted

toward the n-type semiconductor. This causes more negatives in the n-type
semiconductors and more positives in the p-type, thus generating a higher flow of
electricity. This is the photovoltaic effect.
PRINICIPLE OF VOLTAGE REGULATOR

Switching regulators rapidly switch a series device on and off. The duty cycle of
the switch sets how much charge is transferred to the load .A duty cycle is the
fraction of one period in which a signal or system is active Because the series
element is either fully conducting, or switched off, it dissipates almost no power;
this is what gives the switching design its efficiency. In switched regulators, the
pass transistor is used as a "controlled switch" and is operated at either cut-off or
saturated state. Hence the power transmitted across the pass device is in
discrete pulses rather than a steady current flow . Switched mode regulators rely
on pulse width modulation to control the average value of the output voltage The
average value of a repetitive pulse waveform depends on the area under the
waveform. If the duty cycle is varied, the average value of the voltage changes
proportionally.
PRICIPLE OF PUMP

A centrifugal pump converts rotational energy, from a motor, to energy in a

moving fluid. A portion of the energy goes into kinetic energy of the fluid. Fluid
enters axially through eye of the casing, is caught up in the impeller blades, and
is whirled tangentially and radially outward until it leaves through all
circumferential parts of the impeller into the diffuser part of the casing. The fluid
gains both velocity and pressure while passing through the impeller.
 CONSTRUCTION
LIST OF COMPONENTS USED :

1. LT1959 IC
1. C3-500μF-Electrolytic Capacitors(5 units of 100μF capacitors in parallel)
2. C5-500μF-Electrolytic Capacitors(5 units of 100μF capacitors in parallel)
3. C4-1μF-Ceramic Disk Capacitors(10 units of 0.1μF capacitors in parallel)
4. C2-3.3nF-Ceramic Disk Capacitors(3 units of 10nF capacitors in series)
6.C6-0.5μF-Ceramic Disk Capacitors(5 units of 0.1μF capacitors in parallel)
7.D1-1N5822-Diode
8.D2-1N4148-Diode
9.R1-3.3K Ω
10.R2-4.7K Ω or 6.8K Ω
11.R3-2.47K Ω(2.2K Ω and 270 Ω resistors in series)
12.L1-10μH-Inductor
13.DIP Switch

OTHER MATERIALS USED:

1. Solar Pump-5W
2. Mini DC Water Pump
3. Solder Wire
4. Connection Wire

STEPS:

1.Make the circuit connections by Soldering all the other components carefully
according to the circuit diagram given below
2. Solder the LT1959IC after placing at the correct psition.

3) Connect straws to the inlet and outlet of the water pump. Apply super glue on
the straws at the joints for leak proof design.

4) Connect the OUTPUT terminals of solar panel to VIN and GND of the
voltage regulator circuit using wires. Include a switch in series from the supply
terminal from solar panel to the regulator circuit.

5) Connect the output terminals of the voltage regulator circuit to the input
terminals of the water pump using wires.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
WORKING
Place the whole setup in a place which receives intense sunlight. Place the solar panel
such that it faces the correct direction to receive maximum sunlight. The energy in the
photons is converted in to electrical energy by the solar panel due to photovoltaic effect.
The electric current enters the voltage regulator circuit after that. The regulator circuit
steps down the voltage and stabilizes voltage fluctuations which may occur due to
changing load current .The stabilized output is then fed in to the pump. The electrical
energy is converted to the rotational energy by the motor in the pump. The rotational
energy is converted to the energy of the moving fluid (water ,in this case).
The water is then discharged at some velocity through the straw connected to the
outlet.
 APPLICATIONS
SOLAR ENERGY FOR AGRICULTURE

The demand for electrical energy is far outstripping supply, especially in the
agricultural sector, and it is becoming increasingly difficult to meet this
exponential growth in demand Agricultural productivity is closely associated to
direct and indirect energy inputs and policies are required to consolidate this
relationship to the benefit of farmers. If rural development is to be achieved,
energy inputs must be made available, and this might require special efforts
from the country as a whole, to develop and utilize renewable energy sources
most important being the solar energy, to their potential which remains far from
being tapped to the potential. Rural electrification has eluded the most far flung
rural areas of the countries. It is cost-prohibitive for the Government to extend
utility grid power to remote areas especially to meet agriculture loads. An
integrated approach for irrigation with water conservation with scientific
agricultural practices the solar water pumping systems assume relevance for
optimum exploitation of the water resource and serving the small/marginal
farmers for all time to come.

SOLAR ENERGY BASED WATER LIFTING AND

PUMPING SYSTEMS
Among the solar technologies useful in agriculture are water lifting and pumping
with solar photovoltaic systems. Water pumping by solar power is a concept
which has won widespread interest since the early seventies. Solar energy can
be utilized to operate pumps, utilizing either the thermal or light part of solar
radiation. With a solar pump, energy is not available on demand, and the daily
variation in solar power generation necessitates the storage of a surplus of water
pumped on sunny days for use on cloudy days. In view of the fluctuating water
demand of any irrigation scheme, solar energy needs to be reserved in the form
of either electricity in batteries or lifted water in a storage tank. The suitability of
solar power for lifting water to irrigate plants is undeniable because of the
complementarity between solar irradiance and water requirements of crops. The
more intensively the sun is shining the higher is the power to supply irrigation
water while on the other hand on rainy days irrigation is neither possible nor
needed.

Small scale irrigation is one of the most potential applications of solar power.
The main advantage is that solar radiation is intense when the need for irrigation
is high. Further, solar power is available at the point of use, making the farmer
independent of fuel supplies or electrical transmission lines. The solar pumps
have the potential to revolutionize small scale irrigation in the developing
countries in the near future. The technical feasibility of solar (photo voltaic)
pumps have been established. The major limiting factor has been the high cost
and the lack of familiarity of the technology which require concerted effort in
training of technicians and large scale introduction in a region with adequate
technical support. However with the incentives and initiatives undertaken by
MNES/State Govt the scheme may be propagated in rural areas for small
irrigation system in far flung rural areas where electrification is a costly
proposition.
The model scheme is to introduce solar water pumping and support irrigation
schemes to provide a sustainable economic activity to farmers in unelectrified or
under electrified rural areas . Various agencies and financial institutions are in
place to assist in developing credit scheme targeted for unelectrified rural area.

CONCLUSION
 Potentially high initial system cost. But it gives more benefit in long time.
 Low labor and maintenance costs.
 No fuel costs.
 Easy to remove, transport, and store.
 Produces water during sunny weather when it’s needed most.
 Reliable and long life.
 Non-polluting and environmental friendly.
 No fuel costs & minimal maintenance costs.
 More economical than diesel pump sets in the long run.
 Where no pumping system exists at present SPV based pumping system
exists and help in pumping water easily.
 Solar energy is a renewable source of energy.
 BIBLIOGARPHY
 www.solarwater.com
 www.pvsolarpump.com
 www.tradeindia.com/solar-water-pumping-system
 www.builditsolar.com/WaterPumping/waterpumping
 www.wikipedia.org/wiki/SolarWaterPump
 www.instructables.com/id/Solar-Water-Pump
 www.scribd.com/doc/100739899/Project-Report-on-Solar-Power-Water-
Pumping-System