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Approximate Time to Empty out a Vessel having no dished ends (Newtonian Liquid)

(Cylindrical Vessel and Sphere)


Reference: Section 5, Chemical & Process Plant Engineering
Standard Handbook of Engineering Calculations, 4th Edition, Tyler G. Hicks

D
L

h
h

h D

D
Verical Cylinder Horizontal Cylinder Sphere

Vertical Cylinder

π× D 2 ×√ h
t=
16 . 05×Cd ×A n
where:
t= time to empty in seconds
D= diameter of the cylinder, f
h= height of liquid in the cylinder, f
Cd = Discharge coefficient
0.61 for sharp-edged orifice
0.8 for short flush mounted nozzle
0.98 for rounded orifice
An = Cross-sectional area of drain opening (orifice / nozzle) based on ID of orifice / nozzle, f 2

Horizontal Cylinder

0 .166×L× [ D 1. 5 −( D−h )1 . 5 ]
t=
C d× A n

where:
t= time to empty in seconds
L= Length of the cylinder, f
D= diameter of the cylinder, f
h= height of liquid in the cylinder, f
Cd = Discharge coefficient
0.61 for sharp-edged orifice
0.8 for short flush mounted nozzle
0.98 for rounded orifice
An = Cross-sectional area of drain opening (orifice / nozzle) based on ID of orifice / nozzle, f 2

Sphere

1. 5
0 . 083×π×h ×( D−0 . 6×h )
t=
Cd ×A n
where:
t= time to empty in seconds
D= diameter of the sphere, f
h= height of liquid in the sphere, f
Cd = Discharge coefficient
0.61 for sharp-edged orifice
0.8 for short flush mounted nozzle
0.98 for rounded orifice
An = Cross-sectional area of drain opening (orifice / nozzle) based on ID of orifice / nozzle, f 2

Example Calculation for Sphere


Inputs
D= 10 f
h= 8f
Nominal Size = 2 inch (Drain nozzle)
Schd = XXS
d= 1.5 inch (ID of drain nozzle)
Cd = 0.8
Calculations
An = 0.012272 f2
t= 3125 s
52.1 min

Prepared by: Ankur Srivastava


Chemical Engineer
email: ankur_2061@hotmail.com

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