c

c



 
 
c c 

Synchronous generator excitation system, GES, is designed for feeding of turbogenerator excitation winding
with automatically regulated DC in generator operation normal and emergency modes.

Excitation system provides:

Ô startup, at command with the set algorithm and generator voltage rate rise. At completion phase of
startup, when voltage proportional to network voltage is supplied to respective inputs, turbogenerator
voltage setting fitting to network voltage is provided;
Ô generator operation in free-running mode and in power system with loads from no-load operation to
rated and with overloading accepted for turbogenerator;
Ô stable operation of turbogenerator in transit and emergency modes, upon load relief and rise, in
underexcitation modes allowed by generator according to the conditions of stability and heating;
Ô forced excitation or de-excitation upon failures in energy system causing decreasing or increasing of
generator voltage;
Ô field breaking of generator excitation winding upon normal generator stop by inversion through
thyristors, and in generator emergency modes by field breaking switch release;
Ô automatic adjustment of turbogenerator excitation current with application of proportional-integral (PI)
control by generator voltage deviation, stator reactive current component change and rotor current
deviation;
Ô remote change of generator voltage setting in the range of 80 to 110% of rated value;
Ô manual adjustment of excitation current in the range from 0% to 200% (specified by settings);
Ô generator excitation current limitation by double value of rated current, and also overload limitation
generator rotor current overload limitation by time dependent characteristic;
Ô generator stator current overload control by time dependent characteristic;
Ô control and limitation of generator reactive power depending on active power value;
Ô adjustment of turbogenerator voltage setting to network voltage with accuracy of 0.3% of network set
voltage;
Ô accuracy of voltage maintenance at the turbogenerator outputs in the limits of 0.5% of set static
characteristic;
Ô constant control of rotor circuits insulation resistance;
Ô initial generator excitation from DC voltage network of 220V or 110V;
Ô control of phase currents of feeding transformer primary winding.



 


Generator excitation system includes the following functional systems:

Ô power circuit;
Ô automatic regulators;
Ô protections;
Ô control system.

GES power part is performed according to parallel self-excitation circuit with one thyristor converter.

Thyristor converter rectification circuit is irreversible three-phase bridge. Thyristor protection against
commutation over-voltage is provided by RC-circuits, against outer over-voltage ± by varistors. Protection upon
internal short circuit is provided by magnetic contacts influencing breaking through shunt release of input
automatic breaker. Protection of thyristor converter and rotor against over-voltage is provided by thyristor
suppressor.

Thyristor converter control, protection and alarm, excitation automatic regulation are provided by control system.

Automatic regulator of control system excitation provides voltage maintenance at the generator output with set
accuracy upon load change in static and transit modes. Functionally regulator represents slave regulation
system where output signal of one control loop is input signal for the next loop, and includes generator voltage
setting limitation device in the limits from 0.8 to 1.1 Uɧ, intensity master, generator excitation voltage and current
regulators. Generator current and voltage regulators are proportionally-integral.

All tasks of control system (further CS) are performed by means of software and hardware. CS output signals
are phase regulated control pulses of thyristor converter.
‰esides CS fulfills: Indication of operation modes and causes of emergency trips, and also signals forming for
Customer¶s equipment.

Output signals form into functions of external tasks and values of excitation system output parameters.

CS represents set of units and printed boards ± main and peripheral. Main printed boards include control board,
output cascade board and control terminal with display. Peripheral boards include output current sensor and
output voltage sensor, discrete input board, input current sensor, etc.

Control board is computing unit. It includes all main units of computing system ± ROM, PROM, RAM, micro
computer. ‰oard software and hardware provide also communication with control terminal and upper level
computer through interface connection. Control board communication with measuring and commutating systems
of generator is provided through peripheral boards. In control board memory units there are operation and
service GES programs and adjustment settings of control system.

Control pulses of main circuits converter form directly in control board. Their amplification and distribution over
thyristors are made in output cascade board.

Signals, that open breakers in case of emergencies, also form in board.

Discrete input board provides CS communication with equipment of unit power part and terminal blocks for
Customer¶s circuitsɚ.

^  
c

In excitation system there are the following channels of protections and limitations:

Ô limitation of excitation current;

Ô checking of excitation current availability;
Ô checking and limitation of generator reactive power;
Ô generator protection against stator overvoltage more than 1,2Uɧ;
Ô generator protection against magnetic system saturation at decrease of generator voltage frequency;
Ô protection of thyristor converters by internal and external short circuits;
Ô protection of thyristor converter and generator rotor against over-voltage;
Ô control of rotor circuits insulation;
Ô generator excitation forcing at generator voltage decrease lower 0.8Uɧ.


 
^

^^

  c

Rated output current within 50 to 4000 A.

Rated output voltage within 25 to 800 V.

Rated input feeding voltage within 220 to 10000 V.

  
  c 

 
c


 




Main technical data are given in Table 1.

Table 1. Main technical data of GES

Name of parameter Value

1. Input voltage frequency, Hz 50 2 %
2. Ratio of current forcing, p.u. 2,0
3. Ratio of voltage forcing, p.u. 2,0
4. Time of maximum forcing, no less, sec. 60
5. Range of output voltage regulation, p.u. 0,06«2,0 Uɧ
6. One-phase feeding voltage of auxiliaries, V 220+10/-15 %
7. DC operating voltage, V 220 or 110 (+10 /-15 %)
8. Efficiency, no less than 0,95
9. Harmonic distortion coefficient of line current, no more than 5%
10. Protection level IP21«IP 54 (ɩɨ ɡɚɤɚɡɭ)
11. Operation life no less than, years 15
12. Average recovery time no more than, min. 40
13.Interference immunity satisfies all standards
requirements
14. Long-term tolerable deviation of generator voltage frequency, +2/-3
Hz

 



  
c

Table 2. Environmental conditions?

Name of parameter Value
1. Height above sea level up to 1000m
2. Operation temperatures +1°ɋ «+40°ɋ
range
3. Storage temperatures range -40°ɋ «+60°ɋ
4. Upper value of relative 80%
humidity at 35 °ɋ
5. Environment Explosion-proof, not containing chemical active gas and vapor in
concentration that destroy insulation.

 c 




 
?

Design of excitation system represents two cabinets with two-sided maintenance ± converter cabinet, cabinet
with commuting equipment and matching dry transformer.
In converter cabinet there are thyristor converter, control, protection and alarm system, input automatic breakers
of main and auxiliary circuits, power supply, auxiliary transformers, thyristors protection elements, input terminal
blocks. Thyristors cooling is natural or air forced.

Cabinet with commuting equipment has: field breaking unit, elements of initial excitation unit, contactor and
resistors of self-synchronizing, thyristor suppressor, DC power contactors, terminal block for external
connections.External connections cables input is made through holes in cabinet floor by compacted sealed
inputs. Cables are fixed with clamps.

c