Bài III.

4/ trang 86 :

a) q = x2 + 2xy + 2xz + 3y2 – 2yz + 6z2

= x2 + 2x( y + z ) + ( y + z )2 – ( y+ z )2 + 3y2 – 2y2 + 6z2
= ( x + y + z )2 + 2y2 – 4yz + 5z2
= ( x + y + z )2 + 2( y – z )2 - 3z2
Đặt X = x + y + z
Y=y–z
Z=z
Suy ra : q = X2 + 2Y2 – 3Z2
Suy ra : Rank(q) = 3 , S(q) = 2 , t(q) = 1, q đổi dấu

b) q = x2 – 2 xy + 4xz – 6yz + 3z2

= x2 – 2x( y – 2z )+ ( y – 2z )2 - 6yz + 3z2
= [ x – ( y – 2z )]2 – ( y – 2z )2 – 6yz + 3z2
= [ x – ( y – 2z )]2 - y2 + 4yz – 6yz – z2
= [x – ( y – 2z )]2 – ( y + z )2
Đặt X = x – ( y – 2z )
Y=y+z
Suy ra : q = X2 – Y2
Suy ra : rank(q) = 2 , S(q) = 1, t(q) = 1, q đổi dấu

c) q = 2x2 + 5y2 + 5z2 + 4xy – 4xz – 8yz

= 2x2 + 4xy – 4xz + 5y2 + 5z2 – 8yz
= 2x2 + 4x( y – z) + 5y2 + 5z2 – 8yz
= 2[ x2 + 2x( y – z )] + 5y2 + 5z2 – 8yz
= 2[( x + y – z)2 – ( y – z)2] + 5y2 + 5z2 – 8yz
= 2( x + y – z)2 – 2( y – z )2 + 5y2 + 5z2 – 8yz
= 2( x + y – z)2 – 2( y2 – 2yz + z2 ) + 5y2 + 5z2 – 8yz
= 2( x + y – z )2 + 3y2 – 4yz + 3z2
= 2( x + y – z )2 + 3( y – 2/3z )2 + 5/3z2
Đặt X = x + y – z
Y = y – 2/3z
Z=z
Suy ra : q = 2X2 + 3Y2 + 5/3Z2
Suy ra : rank(q) = 3 , S(q) = 3, t(q) = 0, q xác định dương

d) q = 2xy + 4xz – 6yz

= x2 – x2 +9y2 – 9y2 + 4z2 – 4z2 + 2xy + 4xz – 6yz
= x2 + 2xy + y2 – ( x2 – 4xy + 4z2 ) + 9y2 – 6yz + z2 – 9y2 + 3z2
= ( x+ y )2 – ( x – 2z )2 + ( 3y – z )2 – 9y2 + 3z2
Đặt A = x+y
B = x – 2z
C = 3y – z
Y=y
Z=z
Suy ra : q = A2 – B2 + C2 -9Y2 + 3Z2
Suy ra : rank( q) = 5, S(q) = 3, t(q) = 2, q đổi dấu