Professional Documents
Culture Documents
information
system
Notes of: Chetan S. Shirbhate
10/21/2010
Teaching by:
Maumita Roy
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INFORMATION
Need in An Organisation
Information:
Characteristics of Information:
1)Improves representation of an entity
2)Updates the level of knowledge
3)Reduces Uncertainty
4) Aids in decision making.
Importance:
Quality of Information:
Four Dimensions:
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1)Utility
2)Satisfaction
3)Error
4)Bias
Value of Information:
For decision making under uncertainty, the
decision maker feels secured if additional information
is received.
The information is called a perfect information, if
it wipes out uncertainty or risk completely.
The value of additional information making the
existing information perfect (VPI) is:
VPI = (V2-V1)- (C2-C1)
Where V is the value of information and C is the
cost of obtaining the information.
FUNCTIONS OF MANAGEMENT:
a. Management is the process of directing tasks and
organizing resources to achieve organizational goals.
The main functions of management are
i. Planning
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ii. Organizing
iii. Leading
iv. Controlling
Managers are also responsible for adapting to changes
in the external & internal environment.
MANAGERIAL ROLES:
A. Interpersonal
B. Informational
C. Decisional
LEVELS OF MANAGEMENT:
1)Top management
a. Senior executives who establish goals
2)Middle management
b. Allocate resources -time, training & budgets - to
achieve the goals of the top management
SEQUENCE OF DEVELOPMENT OF M I S:
A. DATA
a. Individual elements of a transaction
B. INFORMATION
b. Is data with meaning
b. INFORMATION SYSTEM
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INFORMATION SYSTEMS:
An information system consists of components
that interact to achieve the objectives of the business
SUBSYSTEM INTERFACES:
a. Interfaces exist between a subsystem and other
subsystems
b. Outputs of one subsystem become the inputs of
another subsystem
c. If the outputs of one subsystem are incorrect, the next
subsystem will be affected.
Characteristics of Information System- Achieving
Competitive edge:
1)Management Oriented/Directed
2)Business Driven/Justified
3)Integrated
4)Common Data Flows
5)Heavy Planning Element
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6)Subsystem Concept
7)Flexibility and Ease of Use
Types of Systems:
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• Type: Operational-level
• Inputs: transactions, events
• Process: updating
• Outputs: detailed reports
• Users: operations personnel, supervisors
• Decision Making: highly structured
EXAMPLE: Online Bill Payment
Must pass the ACID test
E m p l o y e e d a t a ( v a T r o i o g u e s n d e e r pa al r l et md g e e n r t : s w) a g e s a
M a n a g e m e n t
P a y r o l l S y sR t e e p mo r t s
G o v e r n m e n t d
P a y r o l l
m a s t e r E m p l o y e e c h e c
f i l e O n - l i n e
q u e r i e s
1. Sales/Marketing System
2. Manufacturing/Production System
3. Finance/Accounting System
4. Human Resource System
5. Other Types
5. MIS generally aid in decision making using past and present data.
6. MIS are relatively inflexible.
7. MIS have an internal rather than an external orientation.
Total
16715253 17550000 0.95
Total
18559253 17700000 1.05
DSS Categories;
1. Support-based categories (Alter 1980)
a. Data-based DSS
b. Model-based DSS
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Types of DSS:
Model-Driven DSS
Primarily stand-alone system that uses some type of model to perform
“what-if” and other kinds of analyses.
Data-Driven DSS
A system that supports decision making by allowing users to extract
and analyze useful information that was previously buried in large
databases.
DSS Classification Type of Operation Examples
Adhoc analysis of data Data oriented systems. E.g., analysing files for overdue
Data Analysis Systems files account, bad payers.
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Adhoc analysis using Data oriented systems. E.g., a marketing support DSS could
Analytical Information databases and small include internal sales data, customer data and market
System models research data.
Estimating future
results using Model oriented systems. E.g., cash and expenditure
Accounting Models accounting rules budgeting, balance sheet projections
Estimating results,
Representational consequences where Model oriented systems. E.g., risk analysis for new project,
Models risk exists traffic simulation with variable flows.
Calculating optimal
results where Model oriented systems. E.g., machine loading, material
Optimisation Models constraints exists usage, production planning.
Producing suggested
results where decision Model oriented systems. E.g., credit authorizations,
Suggestion Models rules are known insurance rate calculations.
E S S
w o r k s t a t i o n
M e n u s
G r a p h i c s
C o m m u n i c a t i o n s
L o c a l p r o c e s s i n g
E S S I n t e r n a l D Ea t x a t e r n a l
a t a D
E S S
w o r k
s t a t i o n
T P S / M I S D D a ot aw J o n e ws o r k s t a t i o n
F i n a n c i a l DG a a t l a l u p P o l l
O f f i c e S y s t S e t m a ns d a r d &
M o d e l i n g / P o o r ' s
M e n u s a n a l y s i s M e n u s
G r a p h i c s G r a p h i c s
C o m m u n i c a t i o n s C o m m u n i c a t i o n s
L o c a l p r o c e s s i n g L o c a l p r o c e s s i n g
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Information Security
Information Security:
Meaning- Protecting information and information systems
from
unauthorised access, use, disclosure, disruption, modification,
or destruction
Security should protect assets and at the same time, not hinder
business.
Think like an attacker when planning an information security
strategy.
Hacker Motivations:
i. Monetary Gains
ii. Competitive Advantage
iii. Display of dominance
iv. Revenge
v. Misdirected creativity
vi. Greed
NETWORKS SECURITY
Risk Management:
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Current Countermeasures:
Access Controls:
a. Identification- Assertion of who someone is or what
something is.
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A Phishing e-mail
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