RF/MICROWAVE AND ANTENNA

DESIGN (MET/MKET 1433)

Dr Mohamad Rijal bin Hamid
School of Electrical Engineering, UTM
Email: rijal@utm.my
Room: P02-310
Tel: 019-7598045
 OBJECTIVE

To introduce students to the concept and advanced

level of RF/Microwave devices (passive) and
antenna design
 SYNOPSIS
Introduce students to RF /Microwave passive and antenna design:
 Concept of transmission line in RF/ Microwave Engineering.
 Analysis of the circuit design based on S-Parameter concept
 Matching technique of the RF and Microwave design: Smith
Chart/Lumped Element/Quarter wave transformer.
 Design of passive components: matching network, coupler, divider
and filter.
 Antenna properties.
 Design and analysis of dipole, monopole and microwave antenna.
 COURSE OUTCOMES
By the end of the course, students should be able to:
 Able to understand the concept of transmission line, S
parameter and matching network
 Able to design planar transmission line, power divider,
coupler and filter
 Able to understand the properties of antenna
 Able to design planar antennas
Block Diagrams for RF and Microwave
Systems
 Weekly Schedule
Week 1 Introduction to RF /Microwave Engineering Design, Transmission line design

Week 2 S-parameter and Smith chart application for RF circuit design

Week 3 Impedance matching for planar transmission line, lump matching technique

Week 4 Single stub matching and quarter-wave matching technique

Week 5 Power dividers and directional couplers

Week 6 Hybrid couplers and 180o coupler properties and application

Week 7 RF Filter circuit design

Week 8 Mid-Semester Break

 Weekly Schedule cont.
Week 9 Low pass to high-pass, band-pass and band-stop filter transformation

Week 10 Antenna properties

Week 11 Hertzian Dipole and monopole antenna

Week 12 Array antenna

Week 13 Planar antenna

Week 14 Microstrip antenna design

Week 15 Antenna and application with microwave circuits

 Assessment
• Coursework = 50%
(i) 5 activities = discussion in class and short report =
25% or 2 Tests (10%+15%)
(ii) 2 design assignments = 4 pages report (IEEE format)
• Power divider/coupler/filter = 10%
• Planar Antenna = 15%
• Final Examination = 50%
 Continuous Assessment PLO Percentage Total SLT
Test or Class Activity
1 Test 1 PLO1-PLO3 10 60 min
2 Test 2 PLO2-PLO3 15 60 min
OR
1 Activity 1 PLO1 2.5 20 min
2 Activity 2 PLO2 6 25 min
3 Activity 3 PLO3 5 25 min
4 Activity 4 PLO2 6.5 25 min
5 Activity 5 PLO3 5 25 min
Project
1 Assignment Design project 1 PLO2-PLO3 10 7hr 30min

2 Assignment Design Project 2 PLO2-PLO3 15 7hr 30

min
Final Assessment Percentage Total SLT
1 Final Exam PLO1-PLO3 50 2h 30 min

Grand Total 100

 Teaching Methodolgy
• Lectures and Cooperative Learning
 REFERENCES
 D. M. Pozar, ‘Microwave Engineering’, John Wiley and
Sons, 2005
 C. A. Balanis, ‘Antenna Theory, Analysis and Design’,
John Wiley and Sons, 3rd Edition, 2005
 V. F. Fusco, ‘Foundations of Antenna Theory and
Techniques’, Prentice Hall, 1st Edition, 2005.
 A. Das and S. K. Das, ‘Microwave Engineering’, McGraw
Hill International, 2001.
 PRE TEST
Q1 What is microwave
Q2

Q3

Q4
,
 INTRODUCTION TO
RF/MICROWAVE COMMUNICATION
SYSTEM
 Microwave Frequencies Band
These microwave frequencies are grouped into several smaller bands.
Table 1 Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) Frequency Spectrum
Electromagnetic
Wave Spectrum Frequency Band Wavelength

Radio Waves Very High Frequency (VHF) ( 30 – 300 MHz ) 10 m – 1 m

Microwaves Ultrahigh Frequency (UHF) ( 300 – 3000 MHz ) ( 100 cm – 10 cm )

P Band ( 230 MHz – 1 GHz ) 130 cm – 30 cm
L Band ( 1 GHz – 2 GHz ) 30 cm – 15 cm
S Band ( 2 GHz – 4 GHz ) 15 cm – 7.5 cm

Superhigh Frequency (SHF) ( 3 – 30 GHz ) ( 10 cm – 1 cm )

S Band ( 2 GHz – 4 GHz ) 15 cm – 7.5 cm
C Band ( 4 GHz – 8 GHz) 7.5 cm – 3.75 cm
X Band ( 8 GHz – 12.5 GHz) 3.75 cm – 2.4 cm
Ku Band ( 12.5 GHz – 18 GHz) 2.4 cm – 1.67 cm
K Band ( 18 GHz – 26.5 GHz) 1.67 cm – 1.13 cm
Ka Band ( 26.5 GHz – 40 GHz) 1.13 cm – 0.75 cm

Millimeter Waves Extreme High Frequency (EHF) ( 30 – 300 GHz ) ( 10 mm – 1 mm )

Ka Band ( 26.5 GHz – 40 GHz ) 1.13 cm – 0.75 cm
v Band ( 40 GHz – 75 GHz ) 7.5 mm – 4 mm
W Band ( 75 GHz – 110 GHz ) 4 mm – 2.73 mm
Millimeter Band ( 110 GHz – 300 GHz ) 2.73 mm – 1 mm
 Microwave Frequencies Band
1. Radio waves, Microwaves, and TeraHertz are a form of electromagnetic radiation
with operating frequencies ranging from 30 to 300 MHz, 300 MHz to 300 GHz, 300 GHz
to 3 THz, respectively.

2. Different fraction range of the radio spectrum are identified by

(a) International Telecommunication Union (ITU): United Nations organization

(b) Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE): US
(c) European Union, NATO, and the United States (EU, NATO, US ECM)

for different technologies and applications to prevent interference between different users.
Microwave Systems
• Microwaves are desirable for communications and radar
applications because of their high frequency and short
wavelength.

• The high frequency provides:

– Wide bandwidth capability
– High-gain antennas with narrow beamwidths – radar
applications
– Energy to be concentrated in a small area – microwave
oven

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 Microwave application

Digital cellular

Satellite comm. Passive indoor imaging

uplink at 94 GHz,
Microwave Police radar
Analog heating Satellite comm.
Cellular down link
Wireless LAN
UHF GPS
Broadcasting

0.3 GHz 1 GHz 2 GHz 3 GHz 15 GHz 30 GHz 300 GHz

UHF broadcasting TV - 470 - 870 MHz Microwave heating – 2.45 GHz

Analog cellular – 900 MHz Wireless LAN – 2.4 GHz
Digital cellular – 1.8 GHz Satellite down/up link – 4/6 GHz

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 RF/Microwave Circuit Low Frequency Circuit
Design Design

Transmission Lines such as

Circuit Lumped Elements
microstrip, stripline etc

Transmission line effects in Open-circuit stub shunt C

impedance matching Short -circuit stub shunt L
Using common
Circuit Analysis S-Parameter parameters
(voltage, current etc.)
bond wire -> inductance
Open-end fringing ->
Interconnection Parasitic
capacitance
via hole -> inductance